CN111332302B - 一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车控制方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车控制方法及系统 Download PDF

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CN111332302B
CN111332302B CN202010213510.2A CN202010213510A CN111332302B CN 111332302 B CN111332302 B CN 111332302B CN 202010213510 A CN202010213510 A CN 202010213510A CN 111332302 B CN111332302 B CN 111332302B
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CN111332302A (zh
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赵景波
陈杰
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Changzhou Institute of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车控制方法及系统。该方法包括:获取车辆行驶环境信息、车辆自身运行状态信息以及驾驶员行驶期望信息;跟踪车身姿态;根据上层模块信息切换车辆工况;计算出符合驾驶员期望的车辆期望纵向力矩、横向力矩以及横摆力矩;对车辆力矩进行优化分配;产生电机输出力矩所需的电枢电压信号,对电机进行控制。本发明将车辆的行驶过程划分为几个独立的行驶工况,不再局限于在全局范围内以一种单一的控制策略实现多行驶工况下的运行及控制,将其转化为多控制模式以及多控制策略之间的协调切换,在满足驾驶员驾驶期望的同时,对车辆行驶过程中的驱动力矩的协调分配进行优化,提升车辆行驶的稳定性、操作性和安全性。

Description

一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车控制方法及系统
技术领域
本发明涉及电驱动汽车控制领域,尤其涉及一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车的控制方法及系统。
背景技术
随着环境问题和能源危机的加剧,新能源汽车迎来了前所未有的发展机遇,四轮独立驱动电动汽车是其中一个研究热点。四轮独立驱动电动汽车具有两个转向电机,四个驱动电机,结构简单,易于控制,执行器数量明显大于其自由度,车辆可控潜力巨大。现有的四轮独立驱动电动汽车控制方法单一,无法在车辆执行器产生故障时有效控制车身姿态、满足驾驶员的驾驶期望,使车辆的操纵性和安全性大大降低。
发明内容
本发明为解决四轮独立驱动电动汽车控制策略单一,无法在所有工况下满足驾驶员的行驶期望,无法有效提升车辆安全性的问题,提出一种基于四轮独立驱动电动汽车控制方法及其实现方式。车辆采用分布式驱动系统,将车辆执行器失效划分为几个独立的工况,将其转化为多控制模式以及多控制策略之间的协调切换,在车辆执行器失效并满足驾驶员驾驶期望的同时,对车辆行驶过程中的驱动力矩的协调分配进行优化,提升车辆的安全性和稳定性。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车控制方法,包括以下步骤:
获取车辆行驶环境信息、车辆自身运行状态信息以及驾驶员行驶期望信息;
跟踪车身姿态;基于滑模变结构控制算法建立,根据车辆获取的驾驶员操作信息对车辆姿态进行跟踪,直接得到车辆所需的纵向力矩、侧向力矩以及横摆力矩;
根据上层模块信息切换车辆工况;基于混杂原理的切换控制建立,根据车辆的离散状态量进行失效工况切换;
计算出符合驾驶员期望的车辆期望纵向力矩、横向力矩以及横摆力矩;
对车辆力矩进行优化分配;基于重构控制分配原理建立,所有执行器失效工况目标函数一致,根据判定的失效工况确定限制条件,最后得到未失效执行器的驱动力矩;不可补偿的工况则令车辆紧急停车;
产生电机输出力矩所需的电枢电压信号,对电机进行控制。
更进一步的,所属工况包括未失效工况、单驱动电机失效工况、双驱动电机失效工况、多驱动电机失效工况、单转向电机失效工况以及双转向电机失效工况,其中,双驱动电机失效工况包括同侧双驱动电机失效工况和异侧双电机失效工况,异侧双电机失效工况包括同轴双电机失效工况和异轴双电机失效工况。
更进一步的,所述失效工况包括部分失效工况和完全失效工况;当电机期望输出转矩小于电机可输出转矩,且电机可输出转矩小于电机最大输出转矩时,则定义此时的工况为执行器部分失效工况;当电机期望输出转矩大于电机可输出转矩,且电机可输出转矩小于电机最大输出转矩时,则定义此时的工况为执行器完全失效工况。
更进一步的,所述对车辆力矩进行优化分配包括:
在未失效工况下,采用基于轮胎附着裕度的轮胎力控制算法;
在单驱动电机失效工况、双驱动电机失效工况下,采用重新构建限制条件的轮胎力分配算法。
一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车的控制系统,包括:
故障检测模块,用于获取车辆行驶环境信息、车辆自身运行状态信息以及执行器失效信息;
车身姿态跟踪模块,用于跟踪车辆的期望驾驶姿态;基于滑模变结构控制算法建立,根据车辆获取的驾驶员操作信息对车辆姿态进行跟踪,直接得到车辆所需的纵向力矩、侧向力矩以及横摆力矩;
工况转换控制模块,用于切换车辆行驶工况及控制算法;基于混杂原理的切换控制建立,根据车辆的离散状态量进行失效工况切换;
驱动力矩协调分配模块,用于计算车辆在执行器失效工况下所需的期望力矩并对力矩进行优化分配;基于重构控制分配原理建立,所有执行器失效工况目标函数一致,根据工况转换控制模块判定的失效工况确定限制条件,最后得到未失效执行器的驱动力矩;
电机控制模块,用于控制驱动电机与转向电机,输出车辆驱动力矩。
更进一步的,所述工况转换控制模块基于切换控制理论对车辆行驶工况进行转换,包括:
事件识别器用于监测及分析车辆信息;
工况切换器用于根据车辆信息转换车辆行驶工况,选择符合控制目标的控制策略;
切换监督器用于保证车辆行驶工况转换的稳定性。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明通过提供一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车控制方法及系统,解决了车辆在执行器失效的情况下控制策略单一,不能很好满足驾驶员的行驶期望以及无法在明显提升车辆安全性的问题。本发明提供的一种分布式电驱动汽车控制系统将车辆的行驶过程划分为几个独立的行驶工况,不再局限于在全局范围内以一种单一的控制策略实现多行驶工况下的运行及控制,将其转化为多控制模式以及多控制策略之间的协调切换,在满足驾驶员驾驶期望的同时,对车辆行驶过程中的驱动力矩的协调分配进行优化,提升车辆行驶的稳定性、操作性和安全性。
附图说明
图1是四轮独立驱动电动汽车控制系统模块图;
图2是工况转换控制模块图;
图3是执行器失效工况划分图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的实施方式进行详细说明。
本发明提供一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车的控制同,参见图1,具体的,四轮独立驱动电动汽车的控制系统包括以下模块:
故障检测模块,用于获取车辆行驶环境信息、车辆自身运行状态信息以及执行器失效信息;
车身姿态跟踪模块,用于跟踪驾驶员的期望驾驶状态;
工况转换控制模块,用于切换车辆行驶工况及控制算法;
驱动力矩协调分配模块,用于计算车辆在执行器失效工况下所需的期望力矩并对力矩进行优化分配;
电机控制模块,用于控制驱动电机与转向电机,输出车辆驱动力矩及轮胎转角。
作为本实施例的优选技术方案,工况转换控制模块图如图3所示,具体的,基于切换控制理论的工况转换控制模块包括工况切换器、切换监督器和事件识别器。其中,事件识别器用于监测及分析车辆信息;工况切换器用于根据车辆信息切换车辆行驶工况,选择符合控制目标的控制策略;切换监督器用于保证车辆行驶工况切换的稳定性。
进一步的,车辆工况划分如图2所示,具体的,所述工况包括工况一:未失效工况、工况二:单驱动电机失效工况、双驱动电机失效工况、工况六:多驱动电机失效工况、工况七:单转向电机失效工况以及工况八:双转向电机失效工况,其中双驱动电机失效工况包括工况三:同侧双驱动电机失效工况和异侧双电机失效工况,异侧双电机失效工况包括工况四:同轴双电机失效工况和工况五:异轴双电机失效工况。
本发明的另一方面提供一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车控制系统的实现方式,包括车辆纵向车速传感器、横向车速传感器、油门踏板传感器、纵向加速度传感器、电机电流监测器、电机力矩传感器、方向盘转角传感器、轮胎转角传感器、车载激光雷达、四个驱动电机及两个转向电机。其中,车辆纵向车速传感器用于获取车辆纵向车速;横向车速传感器用于获取车辆横向车速;油门踏板传感器用安装在车辆油门踏板上,根据踏板开度来判断驾驶人员的行驶期望;车辆激光雷达安装在车辆前后中间位置,用于获取车辆纵向车速信息及与周围车辆的距离;纵向加速度传感器和轮胎转角传感器安装于车辆轮胎中心,用于获取车辆实际的加速度和实际轮胎转角;电机电流检测器和电机力矩传感器安装在驱动电机和转向电机处,用于获取电机实时电流信息和实时电机力矩信息;方向盘转角传感器安装于方向盘底部,获取方向盘转角;驱动电机用于车辆的驱动;转向电机用于车辆的转向。
本发明再一方面提供一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车的控制方法包括以下步骤:
故障检测模块获取车辆行驶环境信息、车辆自身运行状态信息以及执行器失效信息,并将获取的信息发送给工况转换控制模块;
车身姿态跟踪模块,获取上层模块信息,基于先进控制算法,跟踪驾驶员的期望驾驶状态;
工况转换控制模块中的切换监督器根据故障检测模块和电机控制模块所发出的信息经工况模式识别器进行分析处理后,按照模式切换的规则,并根据系统内部和外部离散的输入信号,在离散事件的驱动下,模式切换器切换工况控制器中某一预设的控制器工作,从而实现工况转换控制模块的工作模式的混杂切换,通过控制器中的控制算法,产生驱动电机和转向电机控制信号,再经过驱动模块输出电枢电压信号,最后经输出监督器对输出电枢电压值处理,输出最终的电枢电压值;
电机控制模块根据工况转换控制模块输出的电枢电压信号,驱动电机实时输出车辆驱动力矩,实现车辆驾驶员的驾驶状态,实现分布式电驱动车辆驱动力矩的协调分配。
作为本实施例的优选技术方案,模式切换的规则如下:
根据故障检测模块监测到的驾驶员期望输出力矩信息、电机实际输出电机转矩、驾驶员期望车轮转角、车轮实际转角信息和处理器中的单驱动电机失效信息,则系统判定此时车辆单驱动电机失效工况,系统将进入单驱动电机失效工况下的工作模式,协调补偿车辆驱动电机驱动力矩,使车辆在驾驶员期望内行驶。
根据故障检测模块监测到的驾驶员期望输出力矩信息、电机实际输出电机转矩、驾驶员期望车轮转角、车轮实际转角信息和处理器中的双驱动电机失效信息,则系统判定此时车辆处于双驱动电机失效工况,系统将进入双千多个电机失效工况下的工作模式,协调补偿车辆驱动电机驱动力矩,使车辆在驾驶员期望内行驶。
根据故障检测模块监测到的驾驶员期望输出力矩信息、电机实际输出电机转矩、驾驶员期望车轮转角、车轮实际转角信息和处理器中的多驱动电机失效信息,则系统判定此时车辆多驱动电机失效工况,系统将进入多驱动电机失效工况下的工作模式,紧急制动,使车辆停止。
根据故障检测模块监测到的驾驶员期望输出力矩信息、电机实际输出电机转矩、驾驶员期望车轮转角、车轮实际转角信息和处理器中的单电机失效信息,则系统判定此时车辆单转向电机失效工况,系统将进入单转向电机失效工况下的工作模式,协调补偿车辆驱动电机驱动力矩以及车轮转角,使车辆在驾驶员期望内行驶。
根据故障检测模块监测到的驾驶员期望输出力矩信息、电机实际输出电机转矩、驾驶员期望车轮转角、车轮实际转角信息和处理器中的双转向电机失效信息,则系统判定此时车辆处于双转向电机失效工况,系统将进入双转向电机失效工况下的工作模式,协调补偿车辆驱动电机驱动力矩和车轮转角,使车辆在驾驶员期望内行驶。
进一步的将执行器失效工况划分为执行器部分失效工况和执行器完全失效工况。当电机期望输出转矩小于电机可输出转矩,且电机可输出转矩小于电机最大输出转矩时,则定义此时的工况为执行器部分失效工况;当电机期望输出转矩大于电机可输出转矩,且电机可输出转矩小于电机最大输出转矩时,则定义此时的工况为执行器完全失效工况。
进一步的,执行器失效工况的控制算法如下:
在执行器未失效工况下,采用基于轮胎附着裕度的轮胎力控制算法,具体的,其目标函数为:
Figure BDA0002423620260000061
限制条件为:
Figure BDA0002423620260000062
Figure BDA0002423620260000063
Figure BDA0002423620260000064
Figure BDA0002423620260000065
其中,μi为轮胎附着系数,Fxi为纵向力,Fyi为横向力,Fzi为垂向力,Ft为总驱动力,Mz为横摆力矩,Tmax为驱动电机最大输出转矩,r为轮胎半径,i=1、2、3、4分别代表车辆的左前、右前、左后和右后驱动轮。
在执行器部分失效工况下设置车辆最大速度阈值VxY。采用基于轮胎附着裕度的轮胎力分配控制算法,具体的,其目标函数为:
Figure BDA0002423620260000066
限制条件为:
Figure BDA0002423620260000071
Figure BDA0002423620260000072
Figure BDA0002423620260000073
Figure BDA0002423620260000074
其中,μi为轮胎附着系数,Fxi为纵向力,Fyi为横向力,Fzi为垂向力,Ft为总驱动力,Mz为横摆力矩,Tm为驱动电机可输出转矩,r为轮胎半径,i=1、2、3、4分别代表车辆的左前、右前、左后和右后驱动轮。
进一步的,下面考虑的所有工况均为执行器完全失效工况;
在单驱动电机失效工况下,以左前电机失效为例,令T1=T2=Tm1,保持车辆同轴电机输出力矩相等,保持车辆稳定性,式中T1、T2为车辆左前、右前输出力矩,Tm1为左前电机最大输出力矩;
在同轴双驱动电机失效工况下,采用基于轮胎附着裕度的轮胎分配控制算法,并增加限制条件:
T1≤min(TB1,TB2)
T2≤min(TB1,TB2)
式中T1、T2为两个故障驱动电机的输出力矩,TB1、TB2为两个故障驱动电机的最大可输出力矩。
在异轴双驱动电机失效工况下,采用基于轮胎附着裕度的轮胎里分配控制算法,并增加限制条件,以左前驱动电机和右后驱动电机失效为例:
T1≤T2
T4≤T3
式中T1、T2、T3、T4为车辆左前、右前、左后和右后驱动电机输出力矩。
在同侧双驱动电机失效和多驱动电机失效工况下,车辆无法通过电机力矩的重新分配获得稳定状态,故紧急制动,保证驾驶员和乘车人的安全。
在转向电机失效工况下,切断电机控制,将转向系统切换为纯机械转向系统或者切换为带有电子助力的转向系统。
综上所述,本发明提供一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车的控制方法及系统。控制方法包括获取车辆行驶环境信息、自身行驶状态信息以及车辆执行器故障信息;跟踪驾驶员行驶期望、保持车身姿态及计算车辆期望总纵向力矩、横向力矩和总横摆力矩;切换车辆行驶工况,输出车辆期望驱动力矩;控制系统包括车辆故障信息监测模块、车身姿态跟踪模块、工况转换控制模块和电机控制模块,车辆故障信息监测模块用于获取车辆行驶环境信息、自身行驶状态信息以及车辆执行器故障信息;车身姿态跟踪模块用于跟踪驾驶员行驶期望、保持车身姿态及计算车辆期望总纵向力矩、横向力矩和总横摆力矩;工况转换控制模块用于切换车辆行驶工况,输出车辆期望驱动力矩;电机控制模块用于实现车辆直行和转向,使车辆的可控性能进一步增加,四轮的纵向力和横向力都可以得到有效控制,为进行各轮纵向和横向力的优化分配和控制提供了更大的空间。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车控制方法,包括以下步骤:
获取车辆行驶环境信息、车辆自身运行状态信息以及驾驶员行驶期望信息;
跟踪车身姿态;基于滑模变结构控制算法建立,根据车辆获取的驾驶员操作信息对车辆姿态进行跟踪,直接得到车辆所需的纵向力矩、侧向力矩以及横摆力矩;
根据上层模块信息切换车辆工况;基于混杂原理的切换控制建立,根据车辆的离散状态量进行失效工况切换;
计算出符合驾驶员期望的车辆期望纵向力矩、横向力矩以及横摆力矩;
对车辆力矩进行优化分配;基于重构控制分配原理建立,所有执行器失效工况目标函数一致,根据判定的失效工况确定限制条件,最后得到未失效执行器的驱动力矩;不可补偿的工况则令车辆紧急停车;
产生电机输出力矩所需的电枢电压信号,对电机进行控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车控制方法,其特征在于,所述失效工况包括未失效工况、单驱动电机失效工况、双驱动电机失效工况、多驱动电机失效工况、单转向电机失效工况以及双转向电机失效工况,其中,双驱动电机失效工况包括同侧双驱动电机失效工况和异侧双电机失效工况,异侧双电机失效工况包括同轴双电机失效工况和异轴双电机失效工况。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车控制方法,其特征在于,所述失效工况包括部分失效工况和完全失效工况;当电机期望输出转矩小于电机可输出转矩,且电机可输出转矩小于电机最大输出转矩时,则定义此时的工况为执行器部分失效工况;当电机期望输出转矩大于电机可输出转矩,且电机可输出转矩小于电机最大输出转矩时,则定义此时的工况为执行器完全失效工况。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车控制方法,其特征在于,所述对车辆力矩进行优化分配包括:
在未失效工况下,采用基于轮胎附着裕度的轮胎力控制算法;
在单驱动电机失效工况、双驱动电机失效工况下,采用重新构建限制条件的轮胎力分配算法。
5.一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车的控制系统,其特征在于,包括:
故障检测模块,用于获取车辆行驶环境信息、车辆自身运行状态信息以及执行器失效信息;
车身姿态跟踪模块,用于跟踪车辆的期望驾驶姿态;基于滑模变结构控制算法建立,根据车辆获取的驾驶员操作信息对车辆姿态进行跟踪,直接得到车辆所需的纵向力矩、侧向力矩以及横摆力矩;
工况转换控制模块,用于切换车辆行驶工况及控制算法;基于混杂原理的切换控制建立,根据车辆的离散状态量进行失效工况切换;
驱动力矩协调分配模块,用于计算车辆在执行器失效工况下所需的期望力矩并对力矩进行优化分配;基于重构控制分配原理建立,所有执行器失效工况目标函数一致,根据工况转换控制模块判定的失效工况确定限制条件,最后得到未失效执行器的驱动力矩;
电机控制模块,用于控制驱动电机与转向电机,输出车辆驱动力矩。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种四轮独立驱动电动汽车的控制系统,其特征在于,所述工况转换控制模块基于切换控制理论对车辆行驶工况进行转换,包括:
事件识别器用于监测及分析车辆信息;
工况切换器用于根据车辆信息转换车辆行驶工况,选择符合控制目标的控制策略;
切换监督器用于保证车辆行驶工况转换的稳定性。
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