CN111331976B - 一种用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111331976B
CN111331976B CN202010209602.3A CN202010209602A CN111331976B CN 111331976 B CN111331976 B CN 111331976B CN 202010209602 A CN202010209602 A CN 202010209602A CN 111331976 B CN111331976 B CN 111331976B
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hyperbranched polyester
terminated hyperbranched
hydroxyl
carboxyl
terminated
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CN111331976A (zh
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刘洪�
李长桂
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Dalian ShuangDi Taohua sanitary products Co., Ltd
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Dalian Shuangdi Taohua Sanitary Products Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料及其制备方法。包括由外至里依次设置的支撑层、纳米纤维抗菌层和亲肤层，纳米纤维抗菌层包括至少一层负载有二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布和至少一层负载有多乙烯多胺改性的石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布。其中，端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布与端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布通过端羟基和端羧基缩合交联形成贯穿网络；二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯与端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维的端羟基或多乙烯多胺的氨基形成化学键合，多乙烯多胺的氨基与端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维的端羧基或二异氰酸酯的异氰酸根形成化学键合，从而赋予涤纶织物优异的抗菌性、力学性能和透气性。

Description

一种用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纺织材料技术领域，涉及一种用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平的逐步提高，个人卫生和健康问题日益受到重视。纤维纺织品作为人类生活的必需品，其安全和卫生功能也日益受到重视。在这种社会大趋势下，各种抗菌防护用织物的研究近年来得到了迅速发展。且21世纪以来，随着甲型H1N1流感、禽流感、马流感、非典型肺炎病原体、新型冠状病毒等重大病毒传染病的陆续爆发，这些病毒通过上下呼吸道和支气管进入肺部，并通过肺泡进入人体的血液，给人类的健康带来重大威胁。因此，对防护服、口罩等防护措施提出了更苛刻的要求，为穿着提供更全面的防护。
涤纶(聚酯)非织造材料有良好的力学性能，耐酸碱、耐有机溶剂，且价格低廉，经常用做一次性或限次使用的防护服、手术服、口罩等医疗卫生用品，但一般需要添加抗菌剂来实现抗菌功能。近年来，研究人员发现纳米结构的石墨烯及其衍生物氧化石墨烯材料具有一定的细胞毒性和抗菌性能，如何提高石墨烯在纤维织物上的负载量以及耐久性，是提高纤维织物抗菌性的关键。
申请号为201710495022.3的中国发明专利公开了一种多功能的石墨烯/涤纶复合织物及其制备方法，是通过在PET前驱体中加入褶球状氧化石墨烯和催化剂，进行原位缩聚得到石墨烯/PET纳米复合材料，然后经高速熔融纺丝、冷却、上油、牵伸等后整理制得。该方法虽然使得石墨烯表面与PET分子通过共价键相连，提高了石墨烯的耐久性，但PET分子链上的活性基团较少，石墨烯的负载量较低。
石墨烯作为一种无机材料，如何与涤纶织物的有机大分子之间建立物理或化学的相互作用是实现其耐久性的技术难点。然而在提高石墨烯耐久性和负载量的同时，涤纶织物的力学性能、透气性、舒适度等通常会下降，影响纤维织物的服用性能。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料及其制备方法，利用端羟基或端羧基超支化聚酯提高聚酯活性基团含量，从而提高石墨烯的负载量，通过端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布与端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布通过缩合交联形成的贯穿网络以及两层无纺布中的石墨烯交联形成的贯穿网络，显著提高了涤纶织物的力学强度、阻隔性及石墨烯耐久性，进而提高防护材料的抗菌性能和服用性能。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料，包括由外至里依次设置的支撑层、纳米纤维抗菌层和亲肤层，所述纳米纤维抗菌层包括至少一层负载有石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布和至少一层负载有石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布，且所述端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布与所述端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布相邻设置，并通过端羟基和端羧基缩合交联形成贯穿网络。
进一步的，所述端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布负载的石墨烯为二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯；所述端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布负载的石墨烯为多乙烯多胺改性的石墨烯；且所述二异氰酸酯的异氰酸根与所述端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维的端羟基或多乙烯多胺的氨基形成化学键合，所述多乙烯多胺的氨基与所述端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维的端羧基或二异氰酸酯的异氰酸根形成化学键合。
进一步的，所述端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布中包含软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯；所述端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布包含软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羧基超支化聚酯。
进一步的，所述二异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯或者二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的任一种；所述多乙烯多胺为乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺和四乙烯五胺中的任一种。
进一步的，所述支撑层为水刺无纺布或纺粘无纺布或熔喷无纺布，所述亲肤层的材质为聚酰亚胺纤维、涤纶、锦纶、棉或涤棉。
一种以上所述的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布的制备
将质量比为1:(4-9)的端羟基超支化聚酯母粒与醋酸丁酸纤维素经双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出、牵伸、铺设成网，得到端羟基超支化聚酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布；所述端羟基超支化聚酯母粒包含软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒；
将二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯分散在体积比为10％:90％-40％:60％的乙醇和丙酮混合溶剂中，得到浓度为0.2-1mg/mL的石墨烯分散液；
将所述端羟基超支化聚酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布浸渍于所述石墨烯分散液中，在溶解去除醋酸丁酸纤维素的同时，石墨烯吸附于端羟基超支化聚酯纤维上，得到负载有石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布；
S2.端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布的制备
将质量比为1:(4-9)的端羧基超支化聚酯母粒与醋酸丁酸纤维素经双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出、牵伸、铺设成网，得到端羧基超支化聚酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布；所述端羧基超支化聚酯母粒包含软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒；
将多乙烯多胺改性的石墨烯分散在体积比为10％:90％-40％:60％的乙醇和丙酮混合溶剂中，得到浓度为0.2-1mg/mL的石墨烯分散液；
将所述端羧基超支化聚酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布浸渍于所述石墨烯分散液中，在溶解去除醋酸丁酸纤维素的同时，石墨烯吸附于端羧基超支化聚酯纤维上，得到负载有石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布；
S3.复合防护材料的制备
将支撑层、所述负载有石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布、所述负载有石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布及亲肤层依次层叠设置，然后在120-150℃和1-5MPa的条件下进行热轧处理，得到用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料。
进一步的，在步骤S1中，所述软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒的质量比为5％:95％-20％:80％；在步骤S2中，所述软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒的质量比为5％:95％-20％:80％。
进一步的，所述软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒由丁二酸酐对所述软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒进行端基改性得到；所述软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒由丁二酸酐对所述软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒进行端基改性得到。
进一步的，在步骤S1中，所述端羟基超支化聚酯母粒通过以下步骤制备：
S101.端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物：将摩尔比为1:(3-9)的三羟甲基丙烷和二羟甲基丙酸加入到反应容器中，在氮气保护下，升温至110-120℃，反应2-4h，得到端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物；
S102.端羧基聚酯低聚物：将摩尔比为(1.05-1.3):1的二元羧酸和二元醇加入到反应容器中，在氮气保护下，升温至250-260℃，反应2-4h，得到端羧基聚酯低聚物；
S103.端羧基聚酯低聚物：将摩尔比为(1.5-1.8):1的二元羧酸和二元醇加入到反应容器中，在氮气保护下，升温至250-260℃，反应2-4h，得到端羧基聚酯低聚物；
S104.软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒：将步骤S101得到的端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物加入到步骤S102得到的端羧基聚酯低聚物中，在275-285℃和200-300kPa下，缩聚反应1-3h，然后抽真空反应2-4h，冷却切粒得到软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒；
S105.软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒：将步骤S101得到的端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物加入到步骤S103得到的端羧基聚酯低聚物中，在275-285℃和200-300kPa下，缩聚反应1-3h，然后抽真空反应2-4h，冷却切粒得到软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒。
进一步的，在步骤S104中，所述端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物和所述端羧基聚酯低聚物的质量比为1:(4-6)；在步骤S105中，所述端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物和所述端羧基聚酯低聚物的质量比为1:(0.5-1.5)。
有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料及其制备方法具有如下有益效果：
(1)本发明提供的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料，包括包括由外至里依次设置的支撑层、纳米纤维抗菌层和亲肤层，纳米纤维抗菌层包括至少一层负载有二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布和至少一层负载有多乙烯多胺改性的石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布。如此设置，端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布与端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布通过端羟基和端羧基缩合交联形成贯穿网络；二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯与端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维的端羟基或多乙烯多胺的氨基形成化学键合，多乙烯多胺的氨基与端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维的端羧基或二异氰酸酯的异氰酸根形成化学键合，从而赋予聚酯织物优异的抗菌性、力学性能和透气性。
(2)本发明提供的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料的纳米纤维抗菌层，包括至少一层负载有二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布和至少一层负载有多乙烯多胺改性的石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布。其中，端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布中包含质量比为5％:95％-20％:80％的软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯；端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布包含质量比为5％:95％-20％:80％的软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羧基超支化聚酯。利用软化点在80-120℃的端羟基或端羧基超支化聚酯的熔融粘结作用，提高了纤维之间的粘结强力，且增加了活性基团含量，进而提高了石墨烯负载量。
(3)本发明提供的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料的制备方法，将聚酯母粒与醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纺丝，然后用分散液石墨烯的溶剂溶解去除醋酸丁酸纤维素，得到聚酯纳米纤维无纺布，与此同时石墨烯吸附于聚酯纳米纤维表面，纳米纤维无纺布的形成，不仅提高了无纺布的透气率，还增大了比表面积，进而增大石墨烯的负载量；最后将支撑层、聚酯纳米纤维无纺布和亲肤层层叠设置后，进行热轧处理，使得纤维与纤维之间、层与层之间、石墨烯与纤维之间及石墨烯与石墨烯之间发生多重化学键合，从而得到具有高抗菌性、高断裂强力和高透气率的防护材料。整个制备方法简单可行，适宜大规模生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将对本发明各实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例；基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明所保护的范围。
请参阅图1所示，本发明提供的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料，包括由外至里依次设置的支撑层1、纳米纤维抗菌层2和亲肤层3，所述纳米纤维抗菌层包括至少一层负载有石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布201和至少一层负载有石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布202，且所述端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布201与所述端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布202相邻设置，并通过端羟基和端羧基缩合交联形成贯穿网络。
进一步的，所述端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布负载的石墨烯为二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯；所述端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布负载的石墨烯为多乙烯多胺改性的石墨烯；且所述二异氰酸酯的异氰酸根与所述端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维的端羟基或多乙烯多胺的氨基形成化学键合，所述多乙烯多胺的氨基与所述端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维的端羧基或二异氰酸酯的异氰酸根形成化学键合。
进一步的，所述端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布中包含软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯；所述端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布包含软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羧基超支化聚酯。
如此设置，所述用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料是将支撑层1、负载有石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布201、负载有石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布202和亲肤层依次层叠设置后，在120-150℃和1-5MPa的条件下进行热轧处理得到。热轧处理过程中，会发生如下反应：
(1)端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布201中软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯发生熔融粘结，增加了端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布201中纤维之间的粘结强度；
(2)端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布202中软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯发生熔融粘结，增加了端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布202中纤维之间的粘结强度；
(3)端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布201表面的羟基和端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布202表面的羧基发生缩合交联，形成贯穿网络，提高了端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布201和端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布202的粘结强度；
(4)二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯与端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布表面的羟基发生加成交联，形成化学键合，使得石墨烯稳定的固定于无纺布上；
(5)多乙烯多胺改性的石墨烯与端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布表面的羧基发生缩合交联，形成化学键合，使得石墨烯稳定的固定于无纺布上；
(6)二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯与多乙烯多胺改性的石墨烯发生加成交联，形成化学键合，形成贯穿网络，提高了石墨烯的负载牢度，也增加了端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布201和端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布202的粘结强度。
通过以上所述一系列反应，得到的纳米纤维抗菌层2上石墨烯负载量以及负载牢度均显著提高，且纳米纤维抗菌层的力学强度和透气性优异，从而赋予用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料良好的抗菌性和服用性能。
进一步的，所述二异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯或者二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的任一种；所述多乙烯多胺为乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺和四乙烯五胺中的任一种。
进一步的，所述支撑层为水刺无纺布或纺粘无纺布或熔喷无纺布，所述亲肤层的材质为聚酰亚胺纤维、涤纶、锦纶、棉或涤棉。
本发明提供用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料的抗菌性能、耐久性和服用性能的测试方法如下：
(1)抗菌性能测试
参照标准GB/T20944.3-2008《纺织品抗菌性能的评价第三部分：振荡法》对以下实施例及对比例制备的防护材料进行检测，所选用的细菌为革兰氏阳性的金黄色葡萄球菌和革兰氏阴性的新冠肺炎克雷伯菌。
(2)耐水洗性能测试
将以下实施例及对比例制备的防护材料依照洗涤20次后，根据测试方法(1)测试其抗菌性能。
(3)服用性能测试
防护材料的拉伸断裂强力测试在HD026 N型电子织物强力仪上进行，将待测织物剪成10cm×10cm，隔距设置为80mm。每种织物测试15块。
依据标准GB/T 5453—1997《织物透气性试验方法》，采用YG461E型电脑式透气性测试仪对织物的透气性进行测试。
以下通过具体实施例和对比例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料，包括由外至里依次设置的支撑层、纳米纤维抗菌层和亲肤层，所述纳米纤维抗菌层包括一层负载有六亚甲基二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布和一层负载有二乙烯三胺改性的石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布，通过以下步骤制备：
S1.端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布的制备
将质量比为1:8的端羟基超支化聚酯母粒与醋酸丁酸纤维素经双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出、牵伸、铺设成网，得到端羟基超支化聚酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布；所述端羟基超支化聚酯母粒包含质量比为10％:90％的软化点在100℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在200℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒；
将六亚甲基二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯分散在体积比为20％:80％的乙醇和丙酮混合溶剂中，得到浓度为0.5mg/mL的石墨烯分散液；
将所述端羟基超支化聚酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布浸渍于所述石墨烯分散液中，在溶解去除醋酸丁酸纤维素的同时，石墨烯吸附于端羟基超支化聚酯纤维上，得到负载有石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布；
S2.端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布的制备
将质量比为1:8的端羧基超支化聚酯母粒与醋酸丁酸纤维素经双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出、牵伸、铺设成网，得到端羧基超支化聚酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布；所述端羧基超支化聚酯母粒包含质量比为10％:90％的的软化点在100℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在200℃的低支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒；
将二乙烯三胺改性的石墨烯分散在体积比为20％:80％的乙醇和丙酮混合溶剂中，得到浓度为0.5mg/mL的石墨烯分散液；
将所述端羧基超支化聚酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布浸渍于所述石墨烯分散液中，在溶解去除醋酸丁酸纤维素的同时，石墨烯吸附于端羧基超支化聚酯纤维上，得到负载有石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布；
S3.复合防护材料的制备
将支撑层、所述负载有石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布、所述负载有石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布及亲肤层依次层叠设置，然后在130℃和2MPa的条件下进行热轧处理，得到用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料。
在步骤S1中，所述端羟基超支化聚酯母粒通过以下步骤制备：
S101.端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物：将摩尔比为1:6的三羟甲基丙烷和二羟甲基丙酸加入到反应容器中，在氮气保护下，升温至110-120℃，反应2-4h，得到端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物；
S102.端羧基聚酯低聚物：将摩尔比为1.2:1的二元羧酸和二元醇加入到反应容器中，在氮气保护下，升温至250-260℃，反应2-4h，得到端羧基聚酯低聚物；
S103.端羧基聚酯低聚物：将摩尔比为1.6:1的二元羧酸和二元醇加入到反应容器中，在氮气保护下，升温至250-260℃，反应2-4h，得到端羧基聚酯低聚物；
S104.软化点在200℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒：将质量比为1:5的步骤S101得到的端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物加入到步骤S102得到的端羧基聚酯低聚物中，在275-285℃和250kPa下，缩聚反应1-3h，然后抽真空反应2-4h，冷却切粒得到软化点在200℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒；
S105.软化点在100℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒：将质量比为1:1步骤S101得到的端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物加入到步骤S103得到的端羧基聚酯低聚物中，在275-285℃和250kPa下，缩聚反应1-3h，然后抽真空反应2-4h，冷却切粒得到软化点在100℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒。
在步骤S2中，所述软化点在100℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒由丁二酸酐对所述软化点在100℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒进行端基改性得到；所述软化点在200℃的低支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒由丁二酸酐对所述软化点在200℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒进行端基改性得到。
对比例1
对比例1提供的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料，包括由外至里依次设置的支撑层、纳米纤维抗菌层和亲肤层，所述纳米纤维抗菌层包括一层负载有六亚甲基二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯的端羟基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纳米纤维无纺布和一层负载有二乙烯三胺改性的石墨烯的端羧基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纳米纤维无纺布，通过以下步骤制备：
S1.端羟基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纳米纤维无纺布的制备
将质量比为1:8的端羟基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯母粒与醋酸丁酸纤维素经双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出、牵伸、铺设成网，得到端羟基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布；
将六亚甲基二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯分散在体积比为20％:80％的乙醇和丙酮混合溶剂中，得到浓度为0.5mg/mL的石墨烯分散液；
将所述端羟基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布浸渍于所述石墨烯分散液中，在溶解去除醋酸丁酸纤维素的同时，石墨烯吸附于端羟基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维上，得到负载有石墨烯的端羟基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纳米纤维无纺布；
S2.端羧基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纳米纤维无纺布的制备
将质量比为1:8的端羧基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯聚酯母粒与醋酸丁酸纤维素经双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出、牵伸、铺设成网，得到端羧基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布；
将二乙烯三胺改性的石墨烯分散在体积比为20％:80％的乙醇和丙酮混合溶剂中，得到浓度为0.5mg/mL的石墨烯分散液；
将所述端羧基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布浸渍于所述石墨烯分散液中，在溶解去除醋酸丁酸纤维素的同时，石墨烯吸附于端羧基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维上，得到负载有石墨烯的端羧基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纳米纤维无纺布；
S3.复合防护材料的制备
将支撑层、所述负载有石墨烯的端羟基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纳米纤维无纺布、所述负载有石墨烯的端羧基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纳米纤维无纺布及亲肤层依次层叠设置，然后在130℃和2MPa的条件下进行热轧处理，得到用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料。
对比例2
对比例2提供的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料，包括由外至里依次设置的支撑层、纳米纤维层和亲肤层，所述纳米纤维层包括一层端羟基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纳米纤维无纺布和一层的端羧基聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纳米纤维无纺布。制备方法与对比例1相比，不同之处在于，步骤S1中，乙醇和丙酮混合溶剂未添加六亚甲基二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯，步骤S2中，乙醇和丙酮混合溶剂未添加二乙烯三胺改性的石墨烯，其他与实施例1基本相同，在此不再赘述。
对比例3
对比例2提供的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料，与实施例1相比，不同之处在于，所述纳米纤维抗菌层包括一层端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布和一层端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布，其他与实施例1基本相同，在此不再赘述。
表1实施例1和对比例1-3的性能测试结果
Figure BDA0002422487220000131
Figure BDA0002422487220000141
从表1中对比例2和对比例3可以看出，当纳米纤维抗菌层未负载石墨烯时，防护材料不具备抗菌性；当纳米纤维抗菌层为本发明制备的一层端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布和一层端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布时，相比普通聚酯，断裂强力显著提高，透气性略有升高，这可能是因为：(1)端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布中软化点在100℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯发生熔融粘结，增加了端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布中纤维之间的粘结强度；(2)端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布中软化点在100℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯发生熔融粘结，增加了端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布202中纤维之间的粘结强度；(3)端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布表面的羟基和端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布表面的羧基发生缩合交联，形成贯穿网络，提高了端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布和端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布的粘结强度。
从对比例1和实施例1可以看出，当所述纳米纤维抗菌层为一层负载有六亚甲基二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布和一层负载有二乙烯三胺改性的石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布时，相比负载石墨烯的普通聚酯，抗菌性、抗菌耐久性及断裂强力显著提高，透气率有所降低，但仍较高。说明本发明通过纤维与纤维之间、层与层之间、石墨烯与纤维之间及石墨烯与石墨烯之间的多重化学键合，形成交联的贯穿网络，显著提高了石墨烯的负载量、负载牢度和力学强度，对透气率的影响也较小。
实施例2-3及对比例4-5
实施例2-3及对比例4-5提供的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料，与实施例1相比，不同之处在于，在步骤S1中，软化点在100℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在200℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒的质量比m1:m2如表2所示，其他与实施例1基本相同，在此不再赘述。
表2实施例2-3及对比例4-5的测试结果
Figure BDA0002422487220000151
从表2可以看出，随着软化点在100℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在200℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒的质量比的增大，防护材料的抗菌率及水洗后抗菌率均逐渐增大，但断裂强力和透气性均先增大后降低。这是因为随着软化点在100℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒含量的增加，聚酯纳米纤维无纺布中端羟基含量逐渐增多，因此纤维与纤维之间、层与层之间及石墨烯与纤维之间的多重化学键合的程度逐渐升高，石墨烯的负载量也逐渐增大，使得抗菌性和断裂强力增大，透气率下降。软化点在100℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒含量过高时，纺丝性能变差，导致断裂强力减小，与此同时石墨烯含量增多，导致透气率降低，而抗菌性变化不大。
实施例4-5及对比例6-7
实施例4-5及对比例6-7提供的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料，与实施例1相比，不同之处在于，在步骤S2中，软化点在100℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在200℃的低支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒的质量比m3:m4如表3所示，其他与实施例1基本相同，在此不再赘述。
表3实施例4-5及对比例6-7的测试结果
Figure BDA0002422487220000161
从表3可以看出，随着软化点在100℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在200℃的低支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒的质量比的增大，防护材料的抗菌率及水洗后抗菌率均逐渐增大，但断裂强力和透气性均先增大后降低，影响机制与实施例2-3及对比例4-5大致相同，在此不再赘述。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料，其特征在于，包括由外至里依次设置的支撑层、纳米纤维抗菌层和亲肤层，所述纳米纤维抗菌层包括至少一层负载有二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布和至少一层负载有多乙烯多胺改性的石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布，且所述端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布与所述端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布相邻设置，并通过端羟基和端羧基缩合交联形成贯穿网络；所述端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布中包含质量比为5%:95%-20%:80%的软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯；所述端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布包含质量比为5%:95%-20%:80%的软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羧基超支化聚酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料，其特征在于，所述二异氰酸酯的异氰酸根与所述端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维的端羟基或多乙烯多胺的氨基形成化学键合，所述多乙烯多胺的氨基与所述端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维的端羧基或二异氰酸酯的异氰酸根形成化学键合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料，其特征在于，所述二异氰酸酯为六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯或者二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的任一种；所述多乙烯多胺为二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺和四乙烯五胺中的任一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料，其特征在于，所述支撑层为水刺无纺布或纺粘无纺布或熔喷无纺布，所述亲肤层的材质为聚酰亚胺纤维、涤纶、锦纶、棉或涤棉。
5.一种权利要求1至4中任一项权利要求所述的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1. 负载有二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布的制备
将质量比为1:(4-9)的端羟基超支化聚酯母粒与醋酸丁酸纤维素经双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出、牵伸、铺设成网，得到端羟基超支化聚酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布；所述端羟基超支化聚酯母粒包含软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒；
将二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯分散在体积比为10%:90%-40%:60%的乙醇和丙酮混合溶剂中，得到浓度为0.2-1mg/mL的石墨烯分散液；
将所述端羟基超支化聚酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布浸渍于所述石墨烯分散液中，在溶解去除醋酸丁酸纤维素的同时，石墨烯吸附于端羟基超支化聚酯纤维上，得到负载有二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布；
S2. 负载有多乙烯多胺改性的石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布的制备
将质量比为1:(4-9)的端羧基超支化聚酯母粒与醋酸丁酸纤维素经双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出、牵伸、铺设成网，得到端羧基超支化聚酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布；所述端羧基超支化聚酯母粒包含软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒；
将多乙烯多胺改性的石墨烯分散在体积比为10%:90%-40%:60%的乙醇和丙酮混合溶剂中，得到浓度为0.2-1mg/mL的石墨烯分散液；
将所述端羧基超支化聚酯/醋酸丁酸纤维素共混纤维无纺布浸渍于所述石墨烯分散液中，在溶解去除醋酸丁酸纤维素的同时，石墨烯吸附于端羧基超支化聚酯纤维上，得到负载有多乙烯多胺改性的石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布；
S3.复合防护材料的制备
将支撑层、所述负载有二异氰酸酯改性的石墨烯的端羟基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布、所述负载有多乙烯多胺改性的石墨烯的端羧基超支化聚酯纳米纤维无纺布及亲肤层依次层叠设置，然后在120-150℃和1-5MPa的条件下进行热轧处理，得到用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料；其中，在步骤S1中，所述软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒的质量比为5%:95%-20%:80%；在步骤S2中，所述软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒和软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒的质量比为5%:95%-20%:80%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S2中，所述软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒由丁二酸酐对所述软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒进行端基改性得到；所述软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羧基超支化聚酯母粒由丁二酸酐对所述软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒进行端基改性得到。
7.根据权利要求5所述的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S1中，所述端羟基超支化聚酯母粒通过以下步骤制备：
S101.端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物：将摩尔比为1:(3-9)的三羟甲基丙烷和二羟甲基丙酸加入到反应容器中，在氮气保护下，升温至110-120℃，反应2-4h，得到端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物；
S102.端羧基聚酯低聚物：将摩尔比为(1.05-1.3):1的二元羧酸和二元醇加入到反应容器中，在氮气保护下，升温至250-260℃，反应2-4h，得到端羧基聚酯低聚物；
S103.端羧基聚酯低聚物：将摩尔比为(1.5-1.8):1的二元羧酸和二元醇加入到反应容器中，在氮气保护下，升温至250-260℃，反应2-4h，得到端羧基聚酯低聚物；
S104.软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒：将步骤S101得到的端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物加入到步骤S102得到的端羧基聚酯低聚物中，在275-285℃和200-300kPa下，缩聚反应1-3h，然后抽真空反应2-4h，冷却切粒得到软化点在180-220℃的低支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒；
S105.软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒：将步骤S101得到的端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物加入到步骤S103得到的端羧基聚酯低聚物中，在275-285℃和200-300kPa下，缩聚反应1-3h，然后抽真空反应2-4h，冷却切粒得到软化点在80-120℃的高支化度端羟基超支化聚酯母粒。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于新冠肺炎防疫的复合防护材料的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤S104中，所述端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物和所述端羧基聚酯低聚物的质量比为1:(4-6)；在步骤S105中，所述端羟基超支化聚酯低聚物和所述端羧基聚酯低聚物的质量比为1:(0.5-1.5)。
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