CN111331938B - 一种基于弧形壁波纹板的静不定负泊松比蜂窝结构 - Google Patents

一种基于弧形壁波纹板的静不定负泊松比蜂窝结构 Download PDF

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CN111331938B
CN111331938B CN202010149221.0A CN202010149221A CN111331938B CN 111331938 B CN111331938 B CN 111331938B CN 202010149221 A CN202010149221 A CN 202010149221A CN 111331938 B CN111331938 B CN 111331938B
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王陶
张江帆
孙会明
王彦
王良模
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明属于吸能领域,具体的本发明是一种基于弧形壁波纹板的静不定负泊松比蜂窝结构。包括上层面板、中间的空腔负泊松比夹芯层和下层面板。所述上、下层面板为复合材料实心平板。所述中间的空腔负泊松比夹芯层是由波纹板和支撑板构成,其中每两个带不同弧形壁的波纹板呈双箭矢形堆叠并和若干个薄壁支撑板组合构成负泊松比夹芯层的纵向周期性最小单元。与传统正六边形蜂窝结构相比,该结构的优点在于负泊松比蜂窝具有更高的压缩刚度和强度,同时通过波纹板间支撑板形成的静不定结构进一步提高了结构稳定性。本发明的蜂窝结构应用在缓冲、隔振、抗冲击吸能装置,能显著提高整体装置的承载和能量吸收能力。

Description

一种基于弧形壁波纹板的静不定负泊松比蜂窝结构
技术领域
本发明属于缓冲、隔振、抗冲击吸能装置的技术领域,具体的本发明是一种基于弧形壁波纹板的静不定负泊松比蜂窝结构。
背景技术
近年来随着国家在航天航空、汽车、国防战略和工程装备等领域的迅速发展,如何不断推进材料和结构设计科学发展从而在提高结构承载能力的同时减轻重量已成为国内外机械、力学和材料等领域众多科研学者和工程技术人员关注的重点。在此背景下,蜂窝结构材料凭借其高比强度和比刚度以及高强轻质吸能的特性,在工程装备设计中具有广阔的应用前景。具有负泊松比特性的材料和结构具备更高的剪切韧性、压痕阻力、断裂韧性和抵抗裂纹的能力,在蜂窝结构的设计中通过构型设计引入负泊松比特性为提高蜂窝结构的力学性能提供了一种全新的设想和途径。
但传统蜂窝结构由于高孔隙率和单一周期性结构的几何特征,在服役过程中承受极限载荷后会因为某处胞壁失效而导致整体屈曲和失稳的现象,这势必会对相应装置的力学性能产生不利的影响。中国专利CN108527945B公开了一种心形孔格的柔性蜂窝的制备方法,该专利是利用柔性薄层材料叠合形成具有心形孔格的柔性蜂窝结构,虽然具有各向柔性,但整体结构承载能力不足,无法满足工程装备领域的服役要求,且制备方法无法用于制作金属蜂窝结构。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于弧形壁波纹板的静不定负泊松比蜂窝结构,包括上层面板、中间的空腔负泊松比夹芯层和下层面板。中间的空腔负泊松比夹芯层是由波纹板和支撑板构成,其中每两个带不同弧形壁的波纹板呈双箭矢形堆叠并和若干个薄壁支撑板组合构成负泊松比夹芯层的纵向周期性最小单元。该结构的优点在于负泊松比蜂窝具有更高的压缩刚度和强度,同时通过波纹板间支撑板形成的静不定结构进一步提高了结构稳定性。。
实现本发明目的的技术解决方案为:一种基于弧形壁波纹板的静不定负泊松比蜂窝结构,包括上层面板、中间的空腔负泊松比夹芯层和下层面板;
所述空腔负泊松比夹芯层由多个纵向周期性单元沿纵向平面相邻布置形成,所述纵向周期性单元包括带不同弧形壁的上波纹板和下波纹板,所述上波纹板和下波纹板均由多个波纹子单元依次排列构成,每个波纹子单元包括一个下平台壁、位于下平台壁两侧的的两个弧形壁、和分别与两个弧形壁相连的半个上平台壁;
所述上波纹板的弧形壁向下凹,下波纹板的弧形壁向上凸,上波纹板的上平台壁与下波纹板对应的上平台壁堆叠形成横向分布的多个双箭矢构型,所述每个双箭矢构型包括上波纹板的一个波纹子单元和下波纹板的一个波纹子单元。
进一步的,所述上波纹板和下波纹板的厚度恒定且一致,上波纹板的弧形壁的圆弧角度为θ1,圆弧半径为r1,下波纹板的弧形壁的圆弧角度为θ2,圆弧半径为r2,上波纹板的弧形壁和下波纹板的弧形壁的圆弧外侧相切,且几何关系满足θ12=π/2和r2/cosθ2-r2=r1
进一步的,所述上波纹板和下波纹板的厚度为0.5~1.8mm,所述上波纹板的弧形壁的曲率半径在4mm~9mm之间,下波纹板的弧形壁的曲率半径在10mm~20mm之间。
进一步的,所述上波纹板和下波纹板的波纹子单元的数量相等且均为10~20个。
进一步的,所述纵向周期性单元的数量为3-15。
进一步的,所述纵向周期性单元还包括多个支撑板,其中每个双箭矢构型中竖向设置一个连接上波纹板和下波纹板的支撑板,形成静不定结构。
进一步的,所述支撑板的厚度等于下波纹板下平台壁上部两个弧形壁形成的凹槽的宽度,也等于上波纹板下平台壁的宽度;所述支撑板下端与下波纹板的下平台壁的上表面连接,上端与上波纹板的下平台壁的下表面连接。
进一步的,所述支撑板通过胶粘和上波纹板和下波纹板连接。
进一步的,所述上层面板和下层面板为实心板,上层面板、下层面板、空腔负泊松比夹芯层和支撑板的材料均为铝合金或者不锈钢中的一种。
进一步的,所述上层面板、下层面板和支撑板通过轧制制备,上波纹板和下波纹板通过折弯或冲压制备。
进一步的,所述中间的空腔负泊松比夹芯层中的上波纹板和下波纹板通过焊接连接,负泊松比夹芯层通过焊接与上层面板和下层面板连接
本发明与现有技术相比,其显著优点在于:
1)本发明所述蜂窝结构是由具有负泊松比特性的双箭矢形结构阵列而成,在受到冲击时可使其与冲击方向相垂直的方向收缩(纵向面内冲击时横向会产生收缩),变得更集中来抵御冲击载荷,使结构具备更高的强度和刚度;同时,在逐渐压缩过程中,结构的强度刚度也会随着变形的增加而增加;
2)本发明所述蜂窝结构采用弧形壁波纹板,结构形式简单,弧形壁在承受偏置载荷或弯曲载荷时具有更高的结构效率和承载能力;应用在双箭矢构型时,弧形壁会比平直壁更不易形成塑性铰,即结构的屈服极限更高;
3)本发明所述蜂窝结构通过在双箭矢构型波纹板对称轴处增加支撑壁形成静不定结构,在波纹板失效后支撑壁仍能维持结构的稳定性,这使得蜂窝结构具备更高的屈曲强度和稳定性。
上述效果使得本发明所述蜂窝结构在在航天航空、汽车、国防战略和工程装备等领域具有广阔的应用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明的蜂窝结构的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的蜂窝结构的正视图。
图3为本发明负泊松比夹芯层的纵向周期性单元。
图4为本发明上下波纹板和支撑壁形成的双箭矢构型结构示意图。
附图标记说明:
1-上层面板,2-空腔负泊松比夹芯层,3-下层面板,4-上波纹板,5-下波纹板,6-支撑板,401-上平台壁Ⅰ,402-弧形壁Ⅰ,403-下平台壁Ⅰ,501-上平台壁Ⅱ,502-弧形壁Ⅱ,503-下平台壁Ⅱ。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于所述内容。
图1和图2分别为本实施静不定负泊松比蜂窝结构的结构示意图和正式图,包括上层面板1、中间的空腔负泊松比夹芯层2和下层面板3,相互通过激光焊接相连接。其中,上层面板1和下层面板3均是通过冷轧工艺制备的铝合金实心平板,中间的空腔负泊松比夹芯层2是由8个图3所示的周期性单元沿纵向平面相邻布置而成。如图3所述,含16个波纹的上波纹板4和下波纹板5按双箭矢构型上下堆叠,16个薄壁支撑板6竖直放置在上下波纹板之间,形成负泊松比夹芯层的周期性单元。其中,上波纹板4、下波纹板5和薄壁支撑板6均由铝合金材料通过冲压工艺制成。
图4为本实施例上下波纹板和支撑壁形成的双箭矢构型结构的结构参数示意图,图中上波纹板4和下波纹板5均是由间隔布设的上平台壁Ⅰ401/上平台壁Ⅱ501,弧形壁Ⅰ402/弧形壁Ⅱ502和下平台壁Ⅰ403/下平台壁Ⅱ503构成;上波纹板4的上平台壁Ⅰ401与下波纹板5对应的上平台壁Ⅱ501通过激光焊接相连,形成具有负泊松比效应的双箭矢构型;薄壁支撑板6的上下端面分别与上下波纹板的下平台壁Ⅰ403/下平台壁Ⅱ503粘连,进一步形成静不定结构。其中,上波纹板4、下波纹板5和支撑板6厚度均为1mm;上波纹板4的弧形壁Ⅰ402向下凹,圆弧角度为45°,曲率半径为5.0mm;下波纹板5的弧形壁Ⅱ502向上凸,圆弧角度为45°,曲率半径为12.0mm。

Claims (7)

1.一种基于弧形壁波纹板的静不定负泊松比蜂窝结构,其特征在于,包括上层面板、中间的空腔负泊松比夹芯层和下层面板;
所述空腔负泊松比夹芯层由多个纵向周期性单元沿纵向平面相邻布置形成,所述纵向周期性单元包括带不同弧形壁的上波纹板和下波纹板,所述上波纹板和下波纹板均由多个波纹子单元依次排列构成,每个波纹子单元包括一个下平台壁、位于下平台壁两侧的两个弧形壁、和分别与两个弧形壁相连的半个上平台壁;
所述上波纹板的弧形壁向下凹,下波纹板的弧形壁向上凸,上波纹板的上平台壁与下波纹板对应的上平台壁堆叠形成横向分布的多个双箭矢构型,所述每个双箭矢构型包括上波纹板的一个波纹子单元和下波纹板的一个波纹子单元;
所述上波纹板和下波纹板的厚度恒定且一致,上波纹板的弧形壁的圆弧角度为θ1,圆弧半径为r1,下波纹板的弧形壁的圆弧角度为θ2,圆弧半径为r2,上波纹板的弧形壁和下波纹板的弧形壁的圆弧外侧相切,且几何关系满足θ12=π/2和r2/cosθ2-r2=r1
所述上波纹板和下波纹板的厚度为0.5~1.8mm,所述上波纹板的弧形壁的曲率半径在4mm~9mm之间,下波纹板的弧形壁的曲率半径在10mm~20mm之间;
所述纵向周期性单元还包括多个支撑板,其中每个双箭矢构型中竖向设置一个连接上波纹板和下波纹板的支撑板,形成静不定结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蜂窝结构,其特征在于,所述上波纹板和下波纹板的波纹子单元的数量相等且均为10~20个;所述纵向周期性单元的数量为3-15。
3.根据权利要求1所述的蜂窝结构,其特征在于,所述支撑板的厚度等于下波纹板下平台壁上部两个弧形壁形成的凹槽的宽度,也等于上波纹板下平台壁的宽度;所述支撑板下端与下波纹板的下平台壁的上表面连接,上端与上波纹板的下平台壁的下表面连接。
4.根据权利要求3所述的蜂窝结构,其特征在于,所述支撑板通过胶粘和上波纹板和下波纹板连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的蜂窝结构,其特征在于,所述上层面板和下层面板为实心板,上层面板、下层面板、空腔负泊松比夹芯层和支撑板的材料均为铝合金或者不锈钢中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的蜂窝结构,其特征在于,所述上层面板、下层面板和支撑板通过轧制制备,上波纹板和下波纹板通过折弯或冲压制备。
7.根据权利要求1所述的蜂窝结构,其特征在于,所述中间的空腔负泊松比夹芯层中的上波纹板和下波纹板通过焊接连接,负泊松比夹芯层通过焊接与上层面板和下层面板连接。
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