CN111318097B - Method for filtering radioactive waste incineration flue gas - Google Patents
Method for filtering radioactive waste incineration flue gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN111318097B CN111318097B CN202010257321.5A CN202010257321A CN111318097B CN 111318097 B CN111318097 B CN 111318097B CN 202010257321 A CN202010257321 A CN 202010257321A CN 111318097 B CN111318097 B CN 111318097B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
- B01D46/023—Pockets filters, i.e. multiple bag filters mounted on a common frame
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/02—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, having hollow filters made of flexible material
- B01D46/04—Cleaning filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/42—Auxiliary equipment or operation thereof
- B01D46/48—Removing dust other than cleaning filters, e.g. by using collecting trays
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- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for filtering radioactive waste incineration flue gas, and aims to solve the problem that ash removal and filter bag replacement work of a bag filter currently used in the field of radioactive waste incineration in China need to be opened. The bag filter used in the method comprises a box body, a clapboard component, a filtering unit and an ash removal unit; the baffle subassembly sets up and constitutes the dust filter chamber in the box and between baffle subassembly and the box inner wall, dust filter chamber, filter unit are at least two respectively. The inventor of the application carries out brand-new improvement to the structure of filter, can realize that simple and easy, airtight going on that filter deashing, filter bag change need open the difficult problem of work effectively to solve conventional bag filter deashing, filter bag change, when lightening for the bag filter operation in the radioactive waste incineration field, operating personnel's intensity of labour and occupational injury guarantee its occupational health. Based on the improvement of the inventor, the dust removing device solves the problem that dust is difficult to remove from the filter, and has high application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of incineration flue gas dust removal, in particular to the field of radioactive waste incineration, and specifically relates to a method for filtering radioactive waste incineration flue gas. The application provides a bag filter, it can realize functions such as automatic airtight ash removal, the airtight change of filter bag, the filter chamber freely switches, when reducing ash removal, filter bag and changing, personnel shine or inhale the risk of harmful dust, guarantee operating personnel's occupational health, have higher using value and better application prospect.
Background
In the field of waste incineration, the incineration flue gas needs to be treated and then can be discharged. Wherein, a key step of treating the incineration flue gas is to adopt a bag filter to primarily filter dust in the flue gas; in the process, dust is intercepted by the filter bag and is discharged after ash removal, so that the filtering process is completed. When the filter bag is used for a period of time, the filter bag needs to be replaced. Therefore, in the process of filtering incineration flue gas by using a bag filter, ash removal and filter bag replacement work are involved.
In the field of radioactive waste incineration, the bag filter currently used in China has the following problems: 1) the back-blowing ash is usually in an off-line ash removal mode, is easy to damp and harden in an ash hopper and is not easy to remove; 2) when the existing bag filter is adopted for treatment, the dust removal and the filter bag replacement are both carried out under an open body. Because the burning source item belongs to radioactive waste, dust in burning smoke has certain harmfulness, and if the operation is opened, the dust has great harm to the occupational health of operators.
Therefore, a bag filter with a novel structure is urgently needed to solve the problems and meet the requirement of filtering the radioactive waste incineration flue gas. The application provides a novel bag filter, and it is applicable to radioactive waste and burns the field, can effectively solve above-mentioned problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problem that the operation of ash removal and filter bag replacement of a bag filter currently used in the field of radioactive waste incineration needs to be opened in China, the method for filtering the flue gas generated by radioactive waste incineration is provided. In this application, the inventor has carried out brand-new improvement to the structure of filter, can realize that simple and easy, airtight going on that filter deashing, filter bag change need open the difficult problem of work effectively solving conventional bag filter deashing, filter bag and changing, when lightening for the bag filter operation in the radioactive waste incineration field, operating personnel's intensity of labour and occupational injury guarantee its occupational health. Meanwhile, the application provides a brand-new filtering method for the radioactive waste incineration flue gas based on the improved filter, and the filtering requirement of the radioactive waste incineration flue gas can be effectively met. Based on the improvement of the inventor on the structure, the dust removing device solves the problem of difficulty in dust removal of the filter, and has high application value. The radioactive incineration flue gas filter has the advantages of ingenious design, reasonable design and convenience in use, can effectively meet the requirement of filtering radioactive incineration flue gas, and has higher application value and better application prospect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for filtering radioactive waste incineration flue gas adopts a bag filter which comprises a box body, a clapboard component, a filtering unit and an ash removal unit;
the partition plate assembly is arranged in the box body, a dust filter chamber is formed between the partition plate assembly and the inner wall of the box body, and at least two dust filter chambers and at least two filter units are arranged respectively;
the filter unit comprises a pattern plate, a cage bone, a filter bag, a dust hopper, an air inlet hole, an electric heating element, a wall vibrator, a heavy hammer type flap ash removal valve, a connecting hose, an access door, an air outlet hole, an air outlet valve and a blowing pipe, wherein the air inlet hole is used for being connected with the radioactive waste incineration flue gas;
the dust hopper is arranged below the dust filter chamber, and dust accumulated in the dust filter chamber can be discharged into the dust hopper;
a dust chamber is formed among the dust hopper, the dust filtering chamber and the lower end face of the pattern plate, the air inlet hole is communicated with the dust chamber, and the radioactive waste incineration flue gas can enter the dust chamber through the air inlet hole and is filtered by the filter bag; the electric heating element is arranged in the ash hopper and can heat the interior of the ash hopper, the wall vibrator is connected with the ash hopper and can shake off accumulated ash in the ash hopper; the ash bucket is connected with the connecting hose through a heavy hammer type flap ash removal valve, and accumulated ash in the ash bucket can enter the connecting hose through the heavy hammer type flap ash removal valve;
the inspection door is connected with the dust filtering chamber and is positioned above the pattern plate, a clean room is formed among the inspection door, the upper end surface of the pattern plate and the dust filtering chamber, air flow filtered by the filter bag can enter the clean room, the air outlet is communicated with the clean room, air flow in the clean room can be discharged through the air outlet, the air outlet valve is arranged on the air outlet, and the air outlet valve can open and close the air outlet; the injection pipe is arranged in the clean room, is positioned above the pattern plate and can perform back blowing on the accumulated dust adsorbed on the filter bag through the injection pipe;
the ash removal unit comprises an ash removal glove box, an ash removal pipe, an ash removal bag and an ash removal barrel, wherein the ash removal glove box is used for providing a closed environment for the ash removal bag;
the ash removing pipe is arranged on the ash removing glove box, two ends of the ash removing pipe are respectively communicated with the connecting hose and the ash removing bag, and ash accumulated in the connecting hose can enter the ash removing bag through the ash removing pipe; the ash removal glove box is provided with at least two feed openings, the feed openings are respectively positioned below the ash removal bags, the feed openings are provided with cover plates, the cover plates can open and close the feed openings to discharge ash deposited in the ash removal bags and seal the ash removal glove box, the ash removal barrel is positioned below the feed openings, and the ash deposited in the ash removal bags can be discharged into the ash removal barrel through the feed openings of the ash removal glove box;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) filtration
The radioactive waste incineration flue gas enters the dust chamber through the air inlet of the bag filter, is filtered by the filter bag in the dust chamber and then enters the clean chamber, and the incineration flue gas purified in the clean chamber is discharged through the air outlet hole to finish the filtration of the incineration flue gas; dust in the incineration flue gas remains on the outer surface of the filter bag;
(2) reverse blowing
Dust remaining on the outer surface of the filter bag can form a filter cake, and pressure difference is formed in the bag filter; when the pressure difference of the bag filter reaches a set value, compressed air is introduced into the filter bag through the injection pipe to perform back blowing;
(3) dust removal
After the back flushing treatment, dust generated by back flushing can be accumulated in the ash hopper; when the weight of the dust in the ash bucket reaches a set value, the weight hammer type flap ash removal valve is automatically opened, so that the dust in the ash bucket sequentially enters an ash removal barrel through an ash removal pipe and an ash removal bag; when the dust amount in the dust removing barrel reaches a set value, the opening of the dust removing bag facing the dust removing barrel is sealed through the dust removing glove box, and the discharging opening of the dust removing glove box is closed through the cover plate; then replacing the ash removing barrel filled with the dust; in the operation process of the bag filter, the dust hopper is added through an electric heating element so as to prevent dust in the dust hopper from absorbing moisture and hardening; if the dust accumulation condition exists in the dust hopper, the wall vibrator is started, and the dust is shaken off by the wall vibrator.
Also comprises the following steps:
(4) filter chamber switching
If the filter bag is damaged in the operation process of the bag filter, controlling an air outlet valve in the corresponding filter unit to complete the switching of the filter chamber;
(5) filter bag replacement
When the filter bag is damaged or runs to the designated replacement time, the filter bag needs to be replaced;
when the filter bag is replaced, the weight hammer type flap ash removal valve is manually opened, the ash removal bag is taken out, and a feed opening at the bottom of the ash removal glove box is opened; then, opening an access door on the bag filter, taking out the cage bones, and putting the filter bag into an ash bucket through a pattern plate; the filter bag enters the dust removing glove box under the action of gravity, and then the dust removing glove box is used for placing the filter bag in the dust removing barrel; then, install new filter bag, cage bone in proper order, close the access door to turning over the board dusting valve with the weight formula and restoring to the throne can with the ash removal bag.
The baffle subassembly includes baffle, lower baffle, it constitutes clean room to go up the baffle and be located card top and access door, card up end, go up baffle and box and be located between the inner wall of card top, the baffle is located card below and ash bucket, box and is located card below inner wall, lower baffle and card down and constitute the dirt room between the terminal surface.
The access door is detachably connected with the box body.
The connecting hose is a corrugated hose.
The electric heating element is an electric heating blanket.
The ash bucket is in an inverted cone shape.
The ash removing device also comprises a transport vehicle for transporting the ash removing barrel outwards. Preferably, the transport vehicle is a manual hydraulic truck.
The electric heating part, the wall vibrator and the air outlet valve are respectively connected with the control system.
The box body is provided with a heat preservation layer, the ash hopper and the counterweight type turning plate ash removal valve are connected through flanges, the counterweight type turning plate ash removal valve and the connecting hose are connected through flanges, and the connecting hose and the ash removal pipe are connected through flanges, and the air inlet hole is formed in the ash hopper.
The air outlet hole is connected with the air ventilation device.
The dust filtering chamber and the filtering units are respectively two and the filtering units are respectively arranged in the dust filtering chamber.
In view of the foregoing problems, the present application provides a method for filtering radioactive waste incineration flue gas. One of the objects of the invention of the present application is to provide a bag filter for radioactive waste incineration fumes; another object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating reactive waste incineration flue gas back-blowing dust by using a bag filter.
In the application, a brand new structural design is performed on the basis of the existing bag filter. The bag filter for the incineration of radioactive wastes comprises a box body, a partition plate assembly, a filtering unit and an ash removing unit. In this application, the baffle subassembly sets up in the box, through the cooperation of baffle subassembly and box inner wall, constitutes the dust filter chamber between baffle subassembly and box inner wall, forms the bag filter structure of many filter chambers, and the dust filter chamber is two at least promptly. Also, each dust filter chamber corresponds to one filter unit, i.e. at least two filter units.
In this application, the filter unit includes card, cage bone, filter bag, ash bucket, is used for the fresh air inlet that links to each other with radioactive waste incineration flue gas, electric heating member, wall oscillator, weight formula turn over board ash removal valve, be used for the coupling hose who links to each other with ash removal unit, access door, exhaust vent, air outlet valve, jetting pipe. The flower plate is used for supporting the cage bones and is provided with a plurality of cage bone mounting holes; the pattern plate is arranged in the dust filter chamber and is supported by the dust filter chamber formed by the box body and the partition plate assembly; the filter bags are arranged on the outer wall of the cage ribs, and the cage ribs are arranged on the pattern plate (namely, a plurality of filter bags are vertically arranged on the pattern plate, and cage rib supports are arranged in the filter bags); in the structure, the cage bones can support the filter bag and ensure the normal work of the filter bag. Meanwhile, the dust hopper is arranged below the dust filtering chamber, and the accumulated dust in the dust filtering chamber can be discharged into the dust hopper; the ash bucket is connected with the connecting hose through a heavy hammer type flap ash removal valve. In addition, a dust chamber is formed among the dust hopper, the dust filtering chamber and the lower end surface of the pattern plate; the access door is connected with the dust filtering chamber and is positioned above the pattern plate, and a clean room is formed among the access door, the upper end surface of the pattern plate and the dust filtering chamber. In this structure, the box constitutes the lateral wall that is used for burning the flue gas filtration cavity, and the baffle subassembly then will be used for burning the flue gas filtration cavity and cut apart into a plurality of straining chamber, and the upper end and the access door of straining chamber cooperate, and the lower extreme of straining chamber then is as an organic whole with the ash bucket to turn over the board through the weight hammer and remove corresponding switching of ash valve realization, thereby form airtight environment in the straining chamber.
In this application, fresh air inlet and dirt room intercommunication, exhaust vent and clean room intercommunication, the air-out valve setting is on the exhaust vent, and the jetting pipe setting is in clean indoor, and the jetting pipe is located the card top. By adopting the structure, the radioactive waste incineration flue gas enters the dust chamber through the air inlet hole and is filtered by the filter bag, and dust in the incineration flue gas is attached to the outer surface of the filter bag; the air flow filtered by the filter bag enters the clean room and is finally discharged through the air outlet, and the air outlet valve is used for realizing the opening and closing of the air outlet. Meanwhile, the injection pipe can perform back blowing on the accumulated dust adsorbed on the filter bag; the electric heating element is arranged in the ash bucket and can be used for heating the interior of the ash bucket; the wall vibrator is connected with the ash bucket, and accumulated ash in the ash bucket can be shaken off through the wall vibrator; the accumulated dust in the dust hopper enters the connecting hose after passing through the hammer type flap ash removing valve.
In this application, the ash removal unit includes ash removal glove box, ash removal pipe, ash removal bag, ash removal bucket. Based on split type filter chamber design, ash removal pipe, ash removal bag in this application are two at least respectively. In the structure, the ash removing pipe is arranged on the ash removing glove box, one end of the ash removing pipe is connected with the connecting hose, and the other end of the ash removing pipe is communicated with the ash removing bag, so that the accumulated ash in the connecting hose can enter the ash removing bag through the ash removing pipe; be provided with the feed opening corresponding with dusting bag quantity on the dusting glove box, the feed opening is located the below of dusting bag respectively, is provided with the apron on the feed opening, and the dusting bucket is located the feed opening below. In the application, the ash removal glove box is used for providing a closed environment for the ash removal bag and carrying out corresponding operation on the ash removal bag and the cover plate; the cover plate is used for opening and closing the feed opening so as to discharge deposited dust in the dust removing bag and seal the dust removing glove box; the accumulated dust in the dust removing bag can be discharged into the dust removing barrel through the discharge port of the dust removing glove box. As shown in the figure, in one specific example, the dust removing bag is tied to prevent the dust in the dust removing bag from being discharged outside.
Further, the baffle subassembly of this application includes baffle, lower baffle, goes up the baffle and is located the card top, and lower baffle is located the card below. In the structure, a clean room is formed between the upper end surface of the pattern plate, the upper partition plate and the inner wall of the box body above the pattern plate and the access door, and a dust room is formed between the lower end surface of the pattern plate and the inner wall of the box body below the pattern plate, the lower partition plate and the ash bucket. Meanwhile, the access door is detachably connected with the box body, so that the access door can be opened and closed conveniently; the connecting hose is a corrugated hose, the electric heating element is an electric heating blanket, and the ash bucket is in an inverted cone shape.
In order to facilitate the carrying of the ash removing barrel, the application also comprises a transport vehicle for transporting the ash removing barrel; furthermore, the transport vehicle is a manual hydraulic transport vehicle. Preferably, the air conditioner further comprises a control system, and the electric heating element, the wall vibrator and the air outlet valve are respectively connected with the control system. Preferably, this application is provided with the heat preservation on the box, and ash bucket and weight formula turn over between the board ash removal valve, the weight formula turns over between board ash removal valve and the coupling hose, coupling hose and ash removal pipe between link to each other through the flange respectively, the fresh air inlet sets up on the ash bucket. Preferably, the air conditioner also comprises an air ventilation device, and the air outlet is connected with the air ventilation device; the ventilation and exhaust device can provide power for the flow of air flow, and is favorable for improving the filtering efficiency. Furthermore, the number of the dust filtering chambers and the number of the filtering units are two, and the filtering units are arranged in the dust filtering chambers respectively.
Further, based on the improvement of the bag filter, the application provides a method for filtering the radioactive waste incineration flue gas. The method comprises the following steps.
(1) Filtration
The radioactive waste incineration flue gas enters the dust chamber through the air inlet of the bag filter, is filtered by the filter bag in the dust chamber and then enters the clean chamber, and the incineration flue gas purified in the clean chamber is discharged through the air outlet hole to finish the filtration of the incineration flue gas; and the dust in the incineration flue gas remains on the outer surface of the filter bag. In the process, the filtration of most harmful dust with the particle size of 1-5 mu m can be completed.
(2) Reverse blowing
During the filtration process, the dust can form a filter cake on the filter cotton of the filter bag, which causes the pressure difference of the bag filter to rise. When the pressure difference of the bag filter reaches a set value, compressed air is introduced into the filter bag through the injection pipe to perform back blowing.
(3) Dust removal
After the back-blowing treatment, the dust generated by back-blowing can be accumulated in the ash hopper. When the weight of the dust in the ash bucket reaches a set value, the weight type flap ash removal valve is automatically opened, so that the dust in the ash bucket sequentially enters the ash removal barrel through the ash removal pipe and the ash removal bag (namely when the back blowing ash in the ash bucket is accumulated to a certain weight, the weight type flap ash removal valve is automatically opened, and the back blowing ash enters the ash removal barrel through the ash removal pipe and the ash removal bag in the ash removal glove box). When the dust amount in the dust removing barrel reaches a set value, the opening of the dust removing bag facing the dust removing barrel is sealed through the dust removing glove box, and the discharge port of the dust removing glove box is closed by using the cover plate (when the accumulated dust in the dust removing barrel approaches the volume of the dust removing barrel, the dust removing bag is sealed, and the discharge port of the dust removing glove box is closed by using the detachable cover plate); then replacing the ash removing barrel filled with the dust; in the operation process of the bag filter, the dust hopper is added through an electric heating element so as to prevent dust in the dust hopper from absorbing moisture and hardening; if the dust accumulation condition exists in the dust hopper, the wall vibrator is started, and the dust is shaken off by the wall vibrator. During specific operation, the ash removing barrel can be moved out by using the manual hydraulic carrier, the ash removing barrel is replaced, and the ash removing barrel is lifted by using the manual hydraulic carrier to be tightly connected with the ash removing glove box. In the operation process of the bag filter, the ash hopper heating blanket is ensured to be in a working state, and the reverse blowing ash is prevented from moisture absorption and hardening. If the ash bucket has ash accumulation, the wall vibrator can be opened to shake the accumulated ash; the corrugated connecting pipe can buffer vibration.
(4) Filter chamber switching
If the filter bag is damaged in the operation process of the bag filter, the air outlet valve in the corresponding filter unit is controlled, so that the filter chamber switching is completed, and the filtering efficiency of the bag filter is ensured.
(5) Filter bag replacement
When the filter bag is damaged or runs to the designated replacement time, the filter bag needs to be replaced. When the filter bag is replaced, the weight hammer type flap ash removal valve is manually opened, the ash removal bag is taken out, and a feed opening at the bottom of the ash removal glove box is opened; then, opening an access door on the bag filter, firstly extracting the cage bones, and then putting the filter bag into a dust hopper; the filter bag enters the dust removing glove box under the action of gravity, and then the dust removing glove box is used for placing the filter bag in the dust removing barrel; then, install new filter bag, cage bone in proper order, close the access door to turning over the board dusting valve with the weight formula and restoring to the throne can with the ash removal bag.
By improving the structure of the bag filter and providing a brand new treatment method, the invention can realize the functions of free switching of the filter chambers, automatic closed dust removal, closed replacement of the filter bags and the like, and effectively solves the problems. According to the filter bag, the plurality of filter chambers are arranged in the bag type filter, the filter chambers can be switched as required in the operation process, and the problem that the filter effect is reduced due to the damage of the filter bag can be avoided; meanwhile, when the back-blowing ash is accumulated to a certain weight, the back-blowing ash can automatically enter the ash removal barrel, and the ash removal barrel is kept dry by the electric heating blanket, so that the phenomenon of difficult ash removal caused by accumulated ash, moisture absorption and hardening in the ash removal barrel can be prevented; by adopting the method, the ash removal process is carried out in the ash removal glove box in a closed manner, and the applicant finds that the ash removal process has no dust raising phenomenon in the actual operation process, so that the health damage of operators caused by harmful dust flying during open ash removal can be avoided, and the safety of the ash removal process is improved; in addition, the filter bag replacing process is carried out above the pattern plate, namely the clean room, a dust room with high pollution degree is not opened, the clean room is contacted with the filtered smoke in the operation process, and the pollution degree is low. Meanwhile, operators do not need to contact the filter surface of the filter bag with high pollution degree, and the safety of the operators in the filter bag replacing process is improved.
The operation result shows that the method for filtering the radioactive waste incineration flue gas has the advantages of good filtering effect, simple and convenient dust removal and filter bag replacement, safety and the like. Meanwhile, the invention can improve the continuous operation capacity of the bag filter, and the ash removal and filter bag replacement processes are simpler and safer, thereby effectively reducing the risk that personnel are irradiated by radiation or absorb harmful dust during the ash removal and filter bag replacement, and ensuring the occupational health of operators.
In conclusion, the special bag filter for the radioactive waste incineration is designed, and a reasonable operation mode is designed, so that the special bag filter for the radioactive waste incineration has the advantages of simplicity and safety in ash removal and filter bag replacement processes. The invention is applied to the field of radioactive waste incineration, and is a better method for improving the safety of operators and guaranteeing the occupational health. At present, no special bag filter for burning radioactive wastes is available for carrying out closed ash removal and closed filter bag replacement. The invention is applied to filtering the radioactive waste incineration flue gas, can reduce the labor intensity of operators, improve the operation safety, ensure the occupational health of the operators, has higher application value and wide application prospect, and is beneficial to promoting the development and progress of the radioactive waste incineration related technology.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a bag filter for incineration of radioactive wastes in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 (in FIG. 2, the right bag is in a tying state, and the right bag is in a state of feeding dust into the dust removing barrel).
Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 1 (with one side access door removed for ease of illustration of the blowing tube).
FIG. 4 is a side structural sectional view of the bag filter for incineration of radioactive wastes of example 1.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a partial structure of an ash removing unit in example 1.
The labels in the figure are: 1. the device comprises a box body, 2, an air outlet valve, 3, a wall vibrator, 4, a weight type turning plate ash removal valve, 5, a connecting hose, 6, an ash removal glove box, 7, an ash removal barrel, 8, a manual hydraulic carrier, 11, a pattern plate, 12, an upper partition plate, 13, a lower partition plate, 14, a clean room, 15, a dust room, 16, an ash bucket, 17, an air inlet, 18, an air outlet, 19, a filter bag, 20, a cage rib, 21, a blowing pipe, 22, an access door, 23, an electric heating element, 31, an ash removal pipe, 32, an ash removal bag, 33, an ash removal bag in a closed state, 34, a discharge port, 35 and a cover plate.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example 1
As shown in the figure, the bag filter of the embodiment comprises a box body 1, a clapboard component, a filtering unit and an ash removal unit. Wherein, the baffle subassembly sets up in box 1 and constitutes the dust filter chamber between baffle subassembly and the 1 inner wall of box, and dust filter chamber, filter unit are two respectively. In this embodiment, the partition assembly is composed of an upper partition 12 and a lower partition 13, the upper partition 12 is located above the faceplate 11, and the lower partition 13 is located below the faceplate 11.
The filtering unit comprises a pattern plate 11, a cage frame 20, a filter bag 19, a dust hopper 16, an air inlet 17, an electric heating element 23, a wall vibrator 3, a heavy hammer type flap ash removal valve 4, a connecting hose 5, an access door 22, an air outlet 18, an air outlet valve 2 and a blowing pipe 21. In this embodiment, the connection hose 5 is a corrugated hose, the electric heating element 23 is an electric heating blanket, and the ash hopper 16 is an inverted cone with openings at both ends. Wherein, the air inlet 17 is used for connecting with the radioactive waste incineration flue gas to realize the input of the radioactive waste incineration flue gas to the bag filter for the radioactive waste incineration; and the connecting hose 5 is connected with the ash removal unit to realize buffer connection.
The flower plate 11 is used for providing support for the cage bones 20, and a plurality of mounting holes for the cage bones 20 are formed in the flower plate; the pattern plate 11 is arranged in the dust filtering chamber and is supported by the dust filtering chamber formed by the box body 1 and the partition plate assembly; the filter bag 19 is arranged on the outer wall of the cage bone 20, and the cage bone 20 is arranged on the flower plate 11. Meanwhile, the dust hopper 16 is arranged below the dust filtering chamber, and the accumulated dust in the dust filtering chamber can be discharged into the dust hopper 16; the ash bucket 16 is connected with the connecting hose 5 through the weight hammer type flap ash removal valve 4. In addition, the lower partition plate 13 is positioned below the pattern plate 11, the dust hopper 16 and the inner wall of the box body 1 positioned below the pattern plate 11 form a dust chamber 15 between the lower partition plate 13 and the lower end surface of the pattern plate 11; the access door 22 is connected with the dust filtering chamber, the access door 22 is located above the pattern plate 11 (preferably, the access door 22 is detachably connected with the box body 1), and the access door 22, the upper end surface of the pattern plate 11, the upper partition plate 12 and the inner wall of the box body 1 located above the pattern plate 11 form a clean room 14. In this structure, box 1 constitutes the lateral wall that is used for burning the flue gas filtration cavity, and the baffle subassembly then will be used for burning the flue gas filtration cavity and cut apart into a plurality of straining chamber, and the upper end and the access door 22 of straining chamber cooperate, and the lower extreme of straining chamber then is as an organic whole with ash bucket 16 to turn over board ash removal valve 4 through the weight hammer and realize corresponding switching, thereby form airtight environment in the straining chamber.
In this application, fresh air inlet 17 and dirt room 15 intercommunication, exhaust vent 18 and clean room 14 intercommunication, air outlet valve 2 sets up on exhaust vent 18, and the jetting pipe 21 sets up in clean room 14, and the jetting pipe 21 is located the card 11 top. By adopting the structure, the radioactive waste incineration flue gas enters the dust chamber 15 through the air inlet 17 and is filtered by the filter bag 19, and dust in the incineration flue gas is attached to the outer surface of the filter bag 19; the air flow filtered by the filter bag 19 enters the clean room 14 and is finally discharged through the air outlet 18, and the air outlet valve 2 is used for opening and closing the air outlet 18. Meanwhile, the injection pipe 21 can perform back blowing on the accumulated dust adsorbed on the filter bag 19; an electric heating element 23 is arranged in the ash hopper 16 and can be used for heating the interior of the ash hopper 16; the wall vibrator 3 is connected with the ash bucket 16, and accumulated ash in the ash bucket 16 can be shaken off through the wall vibrator 3; the accumulated dust in the dust hopper 16 enters the connecting hose 5 after passing through the hammer type flap ash removal valve 4.
In this application, the ash removal unit includes ash removal glove box 6, ash removal pipe 31, ash removal bag 32, ash removal bucket 7. Based on split type filter chamber design, ash removal pipe 31, ash removal bag 32 in this application are two respectively. In the structure, the ash removing pipe 31 is arranged on the ash removing glove box 6, one end of the ash removing pipe 31 is connected with the connecting hose 5, and the other end of the ash removing pipe 31 is communicated with the ash removing bag 32, so that the ash accumulated in the connecting hose 5 can enter the ash removing bag 32 through the ash removing pipe 31; the ash removal glove box 6 is provided with feed openings 34 corresponding to the number of the ash removal bags 32, the feed openings 34 are respectively positioned below the ash removal bags 32, a cover plate 35 is arranged on the feed openings 34, and the ash removal barrel 7 is positioned below the feed openings 34. In the present application, the ash removal glove box 6 is used for providing a closed environment for the ash removal bag 32 and performing corresponding operations on the ash removal bag 32 and the cover plate 35; the cover plate 35 is used for opening and closing the feed opening 34 so as to discharge the accumulated dust in the dust removing bag 32 and seal the dust removing glove box 6; the dust in the dust removing bag 32 can be discharged into the dust removing barrel 7 through the discharging opening 34 of the dust removing glove box 6. As shown, in one embodiment, the bag 32 is tied to prevent the dust from being discharged from the bag 32.
Further, in the present embodiment, a transport vehicle for transporting the ash removing bin 7 is further included, and the transport vehicle is preferably a manual hydraulic truck 8. Further, the present embodiment further includes a control system, and the electric heating element 23, the wall resonator 3, and the air outlet valve 2 are respectively connected to the control system. Meanwhile, the air ventilation and exhaust device is also included and can be used for providing power for the air flow in the filter; the air outlet hole 18 is connected with an air ventilation device. Preferably, the box body 1 is provided with a heat insulation layer, the space between the ash hopper 16 and the weight type flap ash removal valve 4, the space between the weight type flap ash removal valve 4 and the connecting hose 5, and the space between the connecting hose 5 and the ash removal pipe 31 are respectively connected through flanges, and the air inlet 17 is positioned on the ash hopper 16.
In this embodiment, to increase the corrosion resistance of the equipment, 316L stainless steel is selected as the material of the box body 1. In order to ensure the applicability of the filter bag 19 to the high-temperature flue gas environment and prolong the service life of the filter bag 19, the filter bag 19 is made of a full PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) film-coated material.
In this embodiment, the following steps are adopted to perform the full-flow operation including filtration and back flushing, ash removal, filter chamber switching, and filter bag 19 replacement on the bag filter.
(1) Filtration
The radioactive waste incineration flue gas enters the dust chamber 15 through the air inlet of the bag filter, is filtered by the filter bag 19 in the dust chamber 15 and then enters the clean chamber 14, and the incineration flue gas purified in the clean chamber 14 is discharged through the air outlet 18 to complete the filtration of the incineration flue gas; dust in the incineration flue gas remains on the outer surface of the filter bag 19. The process can filter most harmful dust with the particle size of 1-5 mu m.
(2) Reverse blowing
The dust will form a filter cake on the filter wool of the filter bag 19, causing the pressure difference of the bag filter to rise. When the pressure difference of the bag filter reaches a specified value, compressed air is introduced into the filter bag 19 through the injection pipe 21 for back blowing.
(3) Dust removal
After the back-blowing treatment, the dust generated by the back-blowing will be accumulated in the dust hopper 16. When the weight of the dust in the dust hopper 16 reaches a set value, the weight type flap ash removal valve 4 is automatically opened (the weight type flap ash removal valve 4 is automatically opened when the weight of the dust in the dust hopper reaches the set value based on the action of gravity; then, the weight type flap ash removal valve 4 is automatically closed; the weight type flap ash removal valve 4 can be adjusted to set the opening weight), so that the dust in the dust hopper 16 sequentially enters the ash removal barrel 7 through the ash removal pipe 31 and the ash removal bag 32. When the dust amount in the dust removing barrel 7 reaches a set value, the dust removing bag 32 is closed towards the opening of the dust removing barrel 7 through the dust removing glove box 6, and the feed opening 34 of the dust removing glove box 6 is closed through the cover plate 35; then the ash removing barrel 7 filled with the dust is replaced; in the operation process of the bag filter, the electric heating element 23 is added into the ash hopper 16 to prevent dust in the ash hopper 16 from absorbing moisture and hardening; if dust accumulation exists in the dust hopper 16, the wall vibrator 3 is turned on, and the dust is shaken off by the wall vibrator 3. In specific operation, the ash removing barrel 7 can be moved out by using the manual hydraulic carrying vehicle 8, the ash removing barrel 7 is replaced, and the ash removing barrel 7 is lifted by using the manual hydraulic carrying vehicle 8 to be tightly connected with the ash removing glove box 6. During the operation of the bag filter, the heating blanket of the ash hopper 16 is ensured to be in a working state, so that the reverse blowing ash is prevented from absorbing moisture and hardening. If the ash accumulation condition of the ash hopper 16 exists, the wall vibrator 3 can be opened to shake the accumulated ash; the corrugated connecting pipe can buffer vibration.
(4) Filter chamber switching
If the filter bag 19 is damaged in the operation process of the bag filter, the air outlet valve 2 in the corresponding filter unit is controlled, so that the filter chamber switching is completed, and the filtering efficiency of the bag filter is ensured.
(5) Filter bag 19 replacement
When the filter bag 19 is broken or the filter bag 19 is operated to a designated replacement time, the filter bag 19 needs to be replaced. When the filter bag 19 is replaced, the weight hammer type flap ash removal valve 4 is manually opened, the ash removal bag 32 is taken off, and the feed opening 34 at the bottom of the ash removal glove box 6 is opened; then, opening an access door 22 on the bag filter, taking out the cage ribs 20, and putting the filter bag 19 into the ash bucket 16 through the pattern plate 11; the filter bag 19 enters the ash removal glove box 6 under the action of gravity, and the ash removal glove box 6 is used for placing the filter bag 19 in the ash removal barrel 7; and then, installing a new filter bag 19 and a new cage rib 20 in sequence, closing the access door 22, and resetting the ash removing bag 32 and the weight type flap ash removing valve 4.
In order to verify the practical effect of the present invention, a test was performed, and the related information is as follows.
(1) The processing object is as follows: the temperature of the low-level combustible waste incineration flue gas is about 230-260 ℃.
(2) The treatment method comprises the following steps: the bag filter of the embodiment is adopted to treat low-level combustible waste incineration flue gas. Wherein, the rear end of the bag filter is connected with an alkali liquor absorption device for removing acidic substances in the filtered flue gas.
(3) The determination method comprises the following steps: and (4) allowing the filtered flue gas to enter an alkali liquor absorption device, operating for 72 hours, collecting alkali liquor, and analyzing the radioactivity of the alkali liquor.
(4) Measurement results of alkali solution
The analysis results of the alkali liquor are shown in Table 1, and the analysis results show that the total alpha value, the total beta value and the COD value in the alkali liquor meet the requirements of the national Standard Integrated wastewater discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996). The filtering performance of the bag filter meets the requirement of filtering the radioactive waste incineration flue gas, and no redundant dust permeates the bag filter.
TABLE 1 alkali solution analysis results
(5) Environmental measurement results
By adopting the dust removing and filtering bag 19 replacing device, dust removing and filtering processes are simple and convenient, and the dust raising phenomenon is avoided. Meanwhile, sampling analysis is carried out on air aerosol in the surrounding environment in the processes of dust removal and filter bag 19 replacement, the result is less than 0.2Bq/m, and the safety requirement of a radioactive workplace is met.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. A method for filtering radioactive waste incineration flue gas is characterized in that a bag filter adopted by the method comprises a box body, a clapboard component, a filtering unit and an ash removing unit;
the partition plate assembly is arranged in the box body, a dust filter chamber is formed between the partition plate assembly and the inner wall of the box body, and at least two dust filter chambers and at least two filter units are arranged respectively;
the filter unit comprises a pattern plate, a cage bone, a filter bag, a dust hopper, an air inlet hole, an electric heating element, a wall vibrator, a heavy hammer type flap ash removal valve, a connecting hose, an access door, an air outlet hole, an air outlet valve and a blowing pipe, wherein the air inlet hole is used for being connected with the radioactive waste incineration flue gas;
the dust hopper is arranged below the dust filter chamber, and dust accumulated in the dust filter chamber can be discharged into the dust hopper;
a dust chamber is formed among the dust hopper, the dust filtering chamber and the lower end face of the pattern plate, the air inlet hole is communicated with the dust chamber, and the radioactive waste incineration flue gas can enter the dust chamber through the air inlet hole and is filtered by the filter bag; the electric heating element is arranged in the ash hopper and can heat the interior of the ash hopper, the wall vibrator is connected with the ash hopper and can shake off accumulated ash in the ash hopper; the ash bucket is connected with the connecting hose through a heavy hammer type flap ash removal valve, and accumulated ash in the ash bucket can enter the connecting hose through the heavy hammer type flap ash removal valve;
the inspection door is connected with the dust filtering chamber and is positioned above the pattern plate, a clean room is formed among the inspection door, the upper end surface of the pattern plate and the dust filtering chamber, air flow filtered by the filter bag can enter the clean room, the air outlet is communicated with the clean room, air flow in the clean room can be discharged through the air outlet, the air outlet valve is arranged on the air outlet, and the air outlet valve can open and close the air outlet; the injection pipe is arranged in the clean room, is positioned above the pattern plate and can perform back blowing on the accumulated dust adsorbed on the filter bag through the injection pipe;
the ash removal unit comprises an ash removal glove box, an ash removal pipe, an ash removal bag and an ash removal barrel, wherein the ash removal glove box is used for providing a closed environment for the ash removal bag;
the ash removing pipe is arranged on the ash removing glove box, two ends of the ash removing pipe are respectively communicated with the connecting hose and the ash removing bag, and ash accumulated in the connecting hose can enter the ash removing bag through the ash removing pipe; the ash removal glove box is provided with at least two feed openings, the feed openings are respectively positioned below the ash removal bags, the feed openings are provided with cover plates, the cover plates can open and close the feed openings to discharge ash deposited in the ash removal bags and seal the ash removal glove box, the ash removal barrel is positioned below the feed openings, and the ash deposited in the ash removal bags can be discharged into the ash removal barrel through the feed openings of the ash removal glove box;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) filtration
The radioactive waste incineration flue gas enters the dust chamber through the air inlet of the bag filter, is filtered by the filter bag in the dust chamber and then enters the clean chamber, and the incineration flue gas purified in the clean chamber is discharged through the air outlet hole to finish the filtration of the incineration flue gas; dust in the incineration flue gas remains on the outer surface of the filter bag;
(2) reverse blowing
Dust remaining on the outer surface of the filter bag can form a filter cake, and pressure difference is formed in the bag filter; when the pressure difference of the bag filter reaches a set value, compressed air is introduced into the filter bag through the injection pipe to perform back blowing;
(3) dust removal
After the back flushing treatment, dust generated by back flushing can be accumulated in the ash hopper; when the weight of the dust in the ash bucket reaches a set value, the weight hammer type flap ash removal valve is automatically opened, so that the dust in the ash bucket sequentially enters an ash removal barrel through an ash removal pipe and an ash removal bag; when the dust amount in the dust removing barrel reaches a set value, the opening of the dust removing bag facing the dust removing barrel is sealed through the dust removing glove box, and the discharging opening of the dust removing glove box is closed through the cover plate; then replacing the ash removing barrel filled with the dust; in the operation process of the bag filter, the dust hopper is added through an electric heating element so as to prevent dust in the dust hopper from absorbing moisture and hardening; if the dust accumulation condition exists in the dust hopper, the wall vibrator is started, and the dust is shaken off by the wall vibrator.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
(4) filter chamber switching
If the filter bag is damaged in the operation process of the bag filter, controlling an air outlet valve in the corresponding filter unit to complete the switching of the filter chamber;
(5) filter bag replacement
When the filter bag is damaged or runs to the designated replacement time, the filter bag needs to be replaced;
when the filter bag is replaced, the weight hammer type flap ash removal valve is manually opened, the ash removal bag is taken out, and a feed opening at the bottom of the ash removal glove box is opened; then, opening an access door on the bag filter, taking out the cage bones, and putting the filter bag into an ash bucket through a pattern plate; the filter bag enters the dust removing glove box under the action of gravity, and then the dust removing glove box is used for placing the filter bag in the dust removing barrel; then, install new filter bag, cage bone in proper order, close the access door to turning over the board dusting valve with the weight formula and restoring to the throne can with the ash removal bag.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the partition assembly comprises an upper partition and a lower partition, the upper partition is located above the pattern plate, the access door, the upper end surface of the pattern plate, the upper partition and the inner wall of the box body located above the pattern plate form a clean room, the lower partition is located below the pattern plate, the ash bucket, the inner wall of the box body located below the pattern plate, the lower partition and the lower end surface of the pattern plate form a dust room.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the connection hose is a corrugated hose.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the ash hopper is inverted cone shaped.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising a transport vehicle for transporting the ash removal bin out.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising a control system to which the electric heating element, the wall vibrator, and the blow valve are respectively connected.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the box body is provided with an insulating layer, the ash hopper and the counterweight type flap ash removal valve, the counterweight type flap ash removal valve and the connecting hose, and the connecting hose and the ash removal pipe are respectively connected through flanges, and the air inlet hole is positioned on the ash hopper.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising ventilation means, wherein the outlet vent is connected to the ventilation means.
10. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein there are two dust filtration chambers and two filter units and the filter units are disposed in the dust filtration chambers.
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| US4050638A (en) * | 1974-04-24 | 1977-09-27 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Radioactive matter containing waste gas treating installation |
| FR2673990B1 (en) * | 1991-03-14 | 1993-07-16 | Sne Calhene | VALVE FORMING DEVICE FOR THE SEALED CONNECTION OF TWO CONTAINERS AND CONTAINER PROVIDED TO BE COUPLED TO SUCH A DEVICE. |
| JP2687311B2 (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 1997-12-08 | 千代田メインテナンス株式会社 | Nuclear material recovery device |
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