CN111317079A - Early functional feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Early functional feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an early functional feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of compound feeds. The feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 13-15 parts of imported fish meal, 18-20 parts of domestic fish meal, 3-5 parts of cuttlefish paste, 7-9 parts of shrimp meal, 19-21 parts of soybean meal, 10.0-13.5 parts of rapeseed meal, 11.5-13.90 parts of common flour, 1.0-2.0 parts of fish oil, 1.0-2.0 parts of soybean oil, 0.8-1.2 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 0.3-0.5 part of cholesterol, 0.1-0.2 part of ecdysone, 0.8-1.2 parts of choline chloride, 0.8-1.2 parts of vitamin premix, 1.2-1.5 parts of mineral premix, 1.7-2.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4-0.5 part of bentonite and 0.025-0.1 part of moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product. The feed has comprehensive nutrition, and can improve early anti-stress capability of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and increase survival rate and growth performance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic animal compound feed, and particularly relates to early functional feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), also known as Macrobrachium malabaricum, Macrobrachium nipponensis, Pandalus trifoliatus and Pandalus river, is the largest freshwater shrimp in the world, and belongs to the subdivision crustacean (Cmstancea), the class Tetranychusa (Malacostraca), the subclass Eumalacoptera (Eumalacostraca), the order Decapoda, the family Macrobrachium (Palaemonidae) and the genus Macrobrachium (Macrobrachium), and is one of the important aquaculture species in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Native to the entire southern and southeast regions of south and southeast asia, as well as the northern part of oceania and islands of the western pacific, live throughout the year in fresh or brackish water waters and propagate in estuary regions affected by tidal waters. This species has been widely used in aquaculture due to its excellent cultivable properties, such as rapid growth, high market demand, cold tolerance, salt tolerance and compatibility.
The nutrition enrichment of the feed for early culture of the macrobrachium rosenbergii has important influence on improving the growth, survival rate, anti-stress capability and the like of the macrobrachium rosenbergii. The macrobrachium homalomenae aquaculture industry has outbreak death epidemic diseases every year in 2005, and the common people refer to the disease of Diastigmatosis. The disease attack time is mainly concentrated in the middle and last ten days of 7-9 months every year, the water temperature at the pond mouth is above 25 ℃, the middle and middle-aged shrimps with the temperature above 6-7cm are mainly damaged, and most of the shrimps with large specifications and soft shells die first. Under the conditions of water change, net pulling, climate mutation and the like, the death amount is increased, and in severe cases, the death amount per mu is up to dozens of jin each day, and the death amount is continued until the shrimp selling is finished after the disease is developed. At present, the cause of the disease is not clear, and the disease is generally considered to be related to the excessive load of liver and pancreas caused by overnutrition, the deterioration of the culture environment such as the rise of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in a water body, and the further increase of pathogenic bacteria such as vibrio, aeromonas hydrophila and the like. The disease is fast in disease onset speed, large in harm, wide in disease onset range, high in prevention and control difficulty and the like, and is a main disease influencing the breeding development of macrobrachium rosenbergii in Gaoyou. In addition, the existing compound feed in the market is mainly conventional bait, the prevention and the treatment of diseases are mainly water-sprinkling and material-mixing medicines, and the efficiency is low.
Meanwhile, the most common disease with the highest incidence in the breeding process of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is also white body disease, and the white body disease is characterized in that the body of the diseased macrobrachium rosenbergii is white, particularly the tail fan part gradually extends forwards to the part except the head part. In all the whitish parts, the muscles are necrotic, the carapace is soft, and the chest and the abdomen are separated before death. The mild one affects the growth, while the severe one dies by sinking water in about 1 week. The prevention and treatment measures adopted at present are that chemical medicines are sprayed to disinfect water bodies, so that a temporary relieving effect is achieved, and meanwhile, the chemical medicines are used to cause medicine residues and influence the food safety of shrimps.
Therefore, in the macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding process, a safe and residue-free macrobrachium rosenbergii early-stage functional feed is needed, the immunity and the anti-stress capability of the macrobrachium rosenbergii are improved, the survival rate and the growth speed are improved, the resistance to various diseases and hazards in the breeding process is enhanced, the morbidity is reduced, and the healthy development of the macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding industry is promoted. Aiming at the problems, yaoshan et al (2017) apply a patent (201710021661.6) on a macrobrachium rosenbergii nonspecific immunity enhancing additive, and the macrobrachium rosenbergii nonspecific immunity enhancing additive is mainly provided to improve the growth speed and the body immunity of macrobrachium rosenbergii, reduce the death rate of the macrobrachium rosenbergii and ensure the survival rate of the macrobrachium rosenbergii. Wangming section et al (2016) application patent (201611090050.9) discloses a feather hydrolyzed powder feed for enhancing disease resistance and anti-stress capability of macrobrachium rosenbergii and a preparation method thereof. Yuanyan et al (2016) application patent (201610151676.X) an anti-stress enhancer for Macrobrachium rosenbergii and its application. However, papers and patents related to the early culture of macrobrachium rosenbergii are rare, and no report is found on the pellet feed and the preparation and use methods thereof, which are helpful for improving the immunity and anti-stress capability of organisms, improving the survival rate and the growth speed and reducing the morbidity in the early culture of the macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an early functional feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii; the invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the early functional feed for the macrobrachium rosenbergii.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an early functional feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii comprises the following components in parts by weight: 13-15 parts of imported fish meal, 18-20 parts of domestic fish meal, 3.0-5.0 parts of cuttlefish paste, 7.0-9.0 parts of shrimp meal, 19.0-21.0 parts of soybean meal, 10.0-13.50 parts of rapeseed meal, 11.5-13.9 parts of common flour, 1.0-2.0 parts of fish oil, 1.0-2.0 parts of soybean oil, 0.80-1.20 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 0.3-0.5 part of cholesterol, 0.1-0.2 part of ecdysone, 0.8-1.2 parts of choline chloride, 0.8-1.2 parts of vitamin premix, 1.0-1.5 parts of mineral premix, 1.7-2.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4-0.5 part of bentonite and 0.025-0.1 part of moringa leaf fermentation product.
Further, the choline chloride content was 50%.
A preparation method of an early functional feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii comprises the following steps:
(1) primary mixing and crushing: crushing fish meal, bean pulp, rapeseed meal, shrimp meal and common flour into a mixed coarse material for the first time by a crusher at the crushing speed of 400-;
(2) secondary material mixing: adding fish oil, soybean lecithin powder, cholesterol, ecdysone, choline chloride, monocalcium phosphate and bentonite into the mixed coarse material obtained in the step (1), and uniformly mixing in a mixer to obtain a secondary mixed material; the rotating speed of the mixer is 18-20r/min during feeding;
(3) and (3) secondary crushing: the secondary mixed material is crushed for the second time by a crusher and passes through a 60-80 mesh screen; the crushing speed of the crusher is 400-;
(4) mixing materials for the third time: adding vitamin premix, mineral premix and moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product into the mixture obtained after the secondary crushing in the step (3), and uniformly mixing the mixture in a mixer to obtain a third mixed material; the rotating speed of the mixer is 18-20r/min during feeding;
(5) and (3) crushing for three times: pulverizing the third mixed material with a pulverizer for the third time, and sieving with a 60-80 mesh sieve; the crushing speed of the crusher is 400-;
(6) and (3) post-treatment: preparing the mixture obtained by the three-time crushing in the step (5) into granulated feed by using an aquatic feed granulator; drying the granulated feed in a dryer at the temperature of 90-100 ℃; and cooling the dried feed in a cooler and packaging to obtain the early functional feed for the macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Further, in the step (6), the particle size of the pellet feed is 1.0 mm.
Further, in the step (4), the preparation process of the moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product comprises the following steps: crushing moringa leaves to 40-80 meshes to obtain moringa leaf powder; adding into water solution with pH of 4.0-6.0 at a weight ratio of Moringa oleifera leaf to water of 8-12: 1, placing in a fermentation tank, adding Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FFRC-S24 into the fermentation tank, setting the temperature of the fermentation tank at 30-40 deg.C, stirring at 4-8r/min, and culturing for 24-48 h; pouring the obtained fermentation liquor into a volumetric flask of a rotary evaporator, setting the temperature at 50-55 ℃ and the air pressure at 0.001-0.003MPa, repeatedly extracting for 2-4 times, concentrating the spin-out liquor obtained by 2-4 times in the rotary evaporator at the concentration temperature of 70-80 ℃ and the air pressure at 0.001-0.003MPa until the concentrate is thick paste, and obtaining the moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product.
Furthermore, the aqueous solution with the pH of 4.0-6.0 adopts acetic acid-sodium acetate as a pH regulator.
Further, bacillus amyloliquefaciens FFRC-S24 was deposited in the chinese type culture collection (university of wuhan, china) at 2013, 5/9, with the deposit numbers: CCTCC NO: and M2013191.
Further, the concentration of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FFRC-S24 is 100 hundred million CFU/g.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the feed is added with the vitamin premix and the mineral premix, so that the early immunity and the growth performance of the macrobrachium rosenbergii can be improved;
2) the moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product is added into the feed, so that the anti-stress capability of the shrimps can be enhanced, and the stress hazard can be reduced;
3) the soybean lecithin powder and choline chloride are added into the feed, so that the energy utilization rate can be improved, the feed utilization rate and the fat metabolism of shrimp livers can be improved, the occurrence of fatty livers can be reduced, a certain food calling effect can be realized, the palatability can be increased, the bait coefficient can be reduced, and the growth of the feed can be improved;
4) the feed formula has sufficient raw material sources, and adopts the processes of three-time mixing and three-time crushing, so that the crushing granularity and the mixing uniformity of the feed raw materials are ensured, the stability of the shrimp feed in water is improved, and the feed utilization rate is improved;
5) the feed has comprehensive and rich nutrition, can improve the anti-stress capability, increase the growth rate, improve the survival rate and reduce the morbidity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of early stage functional feed on the body length and weight of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the early stage functional feed of example 1 on the antioxidant index of Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The choline chloride content in the following examples was 50% and was provided by the feed additive plant in the Hobei Anlun pellet. Ecdysone is provided by Shandong Huawei Biotech, Inc. Soybean lecithin powder is provided by Zibozixing fodder Co. The vitamin premix and the mineral premix are 1 percent of premix for freshwater shrimps containing various vitamins and mineral elements, and are provided by Wuxi Sinorwei animal health-care Limited company.
Example 1
Preparing 100kg of early functional feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii, which comprises the following raw materials:
20.0kg domestic fish meal, 15.0kg imported fish meal, 3.0kg cuttlefish paste, 8.0kg shrimp meal, 20.0kg soybean meal, 10.0kg rapeseed meal, 13.9kg common flour, 1.5kg fish oil, 1.5kg soybean oil, 1.0kg soybean lecithin powder, 0.3kg cholesterol, 0.2kg ecdysone, 1.0kg choline chloride, 1.0kg vitamin premix, 1.0kg mineral premix, 2.0kg calcium biphosphate, 0.5kg bentonite, 0.1kg horseradish tree leaf fermentation product.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) primary mixing and crushing: firstly, crushing fish meal, shrimp meal, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and common flour into a mixed coarse material by a crusher at a crushing speed of 400r/min, and passing through a 60-mesh screen;
(2) secondary material mixing: adding fish oil, soybean lecithin powder, cholesterol, ecdysone, choline chloride, monocalcium phosphate and bentonite into the mixed coarse material obtained in the step (1); uniformly mixing in a mixer (V-type mixer, Liyang City Lidada mechanical Co., Ltd.) to obtain a secondary mixed material; the rotating speed of the mixer is 18r/min during feeding;
(3) and (3) secondary crushing: the secondary mixed material is crushed for the second time by a crusher and passes through a 60-mesh screen; the crushing speed of the crusher is 400 r/min;
(4) mixing materials for the third time: adding a vitamin premix, a mineral premix and a moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product into the secondarily crushed mixture prepared in the step (3), and uniformly mixing the mixture in a mixer (V-type mixer, Liyang, Haidao mechanical Co., Ltd.) to obtain a third mixed material; the rotating speed of the mixer is 18r/min during feeding;
(5) and (3) crushing for three times: the third mixed material is crushed for the third time by a crusher and passes through a 60-mesh screen; the crushing speed of the crusher is 400 r/min;
(6) and (3) post-treatment: and (3) finally, preparing the mixture obtained after the three-time crushing in the step (5) into feed granules by using an aquatic feed granulator (STZG series, Zhengchang group company). The grain diameter of the feed particles is 1.0 mm; drying the feed particles in a drier (DWT series belt drier, Zhengchang group Co.) at 95 deg.C; the dried feed was cooled in a cooler (SKLG900 roller cooler, zhengchang group) and packaged.
The preparation method of the moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product comprises the following steps: crushing moringa leaves to 40 meshes to obtain moringa leaf powder; adding into water solution (acetic acid-sodium acetate as pH regulator) with pH of 4.0, the mass ratio of Moringa oleifera leaf to water is 8: 1, placing into a fermentation tank, adding Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (FFRC-S24) into the fermentation tank, setting the temperature of the fermentation tank at 30 deg.C, stirring at 4r/min, and culturing for 16 h; pouring the obtained fermentation liquor into a volumetric flask of a rotary evaporator, setting the temperature at 50 ℃ and the air pressure at 0.001MPa, repeatedly extracting for three times, concentrating the rotary liquid obtained in the three times in the rotary evaporator at the concentration temperature of 70 ℃ and the air pressure of 0.001MPa until the rotary liquid is concentrated to thick paste, and obtaining the moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product.
Wherein, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens (FFRC-S24) is preserved in the China center for type culture Collection in 2013, 5 months and 9 days, and the preservation numbers are as follows: CCTCC NO: m2013191, specification of 100 hundred million CFU/g.
Cultivation experiment: the macrobrachium rosenbergii is cultured in Jiangsu Gaoyou in a macrobrachium rosenbergii main producing area, and 6 macrobrachium rosenbergii farmers (12 pond mouths and 236 mu) are counted, wherein 6 pond mouths use a local brand macrobrachium rosenbergii feed as a control group, and 6 pond mouths use an early-stage functional feed. The stocking density of the mouth of the macrobrachium rosenbergii cultivation pond is about 7-10 ten thousand per mu, two times of stocking are generally adopted, the boiler seedlings are respectively put in 2 months, and the greenhouse seedlings are put in 3 months to 4 months. During the culture period, farmers usually use probiotics, bottom modification and other micro-ecological preparations to regulate and control water quality according to the water quality condition, and oxygen is increased through an oxygen increasing machine in a pond. And (4) carrying out large-size and small-size round catching on the macrobrachium rosenbergii from the last ten days of 6 months, usually carrying out round catching once in about 15-20 days until all the macrobrachium rosenbergii are cleared at the bottom of 10 months.
The results show that: through comparison, the yield per mu of the macrobrachium rosenbergii culture pond using the early functional feed is improved from 315.63kg to 495.28kg, and the mu benefit is improved from 3500 yuan to 5000 yuan. During the culture period, the macrobrachium rosenbergii is carried out research and sampling at the culture pond mouth of the macrobrachium rosenbergii in Gaoyou on 5-month 15-day, 7-month 2-day, 8-month 5-day and 9-month 8-day, and the macrobrachium rosenbergii using the early functional feed is sampled and compared with a control group, and analysis shows that the macrobrachium rosenbergii using the early functional feed has higher body length and weight than the control group at each growth stage (figure 1). Through the analysis of the antioxidant indexes such as the activity of the hepatopancreatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), the concentration of Malondialdehyde (MDA), the content of Nitric Oxide (NO), the activity of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the like, the result shows that the macrobrachium rosenbergii fed with the functional feed can improve the glutathione peroxidase and reduce the concentration of malondialdehyde, and has higher antioxidant capacity (figure 2). Therefore, the early functional feed can increase the growth capacity and the anti-oxidative stress capacity of the macrobrachium rosenbergii.
Example 2
100kg of early functional feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii is prepared, and the feed comprises the following raw materials:
13.0kg of imported fish meal, 20.0kg of domestic fish meal, 5.0kg of cuttlefish paste, 9.0kg of shrimp meal, 19.0kg of soybean meal, 12.0kg of rapeseed meal, 12.0kg of common flour, 2.0kg of fish oil, 1.0kg of soybean oil, 0.8kg of soybean lecithin powder, 0.4kg of cholesterol, 0.1kg of ecdysone, 0.8kg of choline chloride, 1.2kg of vitamin premix, 1.5kg of mineral premix, 1.7kg of monocalcium phosphate, 0.475kg of bentonite and 0.025kg of moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) primary mixing and crushing: firstly, crushing fish meal, shrimp meal, bean pulp, rapeseed meal and common flour into a mixed coarse material by a crusher at a crushing speed of 500r/min, and passing through a 70-mesh screen;
(2) secondary material mixing: adding fish oil, soybean lecithin powder, cholesterol, ecdysone, choline chloride, monocalcium phosphate and bentonite into the mixed coarse material obtained in the step (1); uniformly mixing in a mixer (V-type mixer, Liyang City Lidada mechanical Co., Ltd.) to obtain a secondary mixed material; the rotating speed of the mixer is 19r/min during feeding;
(3) and (3) secondary crushing: the secondary mixed material is crushed for the second time by a crusher and passes through a 70-mesh screen; the crushing speed of the crusher is 450 r/min;
(4) mixing materials for the third time: adding a vitamin premix, a mineral premix and a moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product into the secondarily crushed mixture prepared in the step (3), and uniformly mixing the mixture in a mixer (V-type mixer, Liyang, Haidao mechanical Co., Ltd.) to obtain a third mixed material; the rotating speed of the mixer is 19r/min during feeding;
(5) and (3) crushing for three times: the third mixed material is crushed for the third time by a crusher and passes through a 70-mesh screen; the crushing speed of the crusher is 450 r/min;
(6) and (3) post-treatment: and (3) finally, preparing the mixture obtained after the three-time crushing in the step (5) into feed granules by using an aquatic feed granulator (STZG series, Zhengchang group company). The grain diameter of the feed particles is 1.0 mm; drying the feed particles in a drier (DWT series belt drier, Zhengchang group Co.) at 95 deg.C; the dried feed was cooled in a cooler (SKLG900 roller cooler, zhengchang group) and packaged.
The preparation method of the moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product comprises the following steps: crushing moringa leaves to 60 meshes to obtain moringa leaf powder; adding into water solution (acetic acid-sodium acetate as pH regulator) with pH of 5.0, the mass ratio of Moringa oleifera leaf to water is 10: 1, placing into a fermentation tank, adding Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (FFRC-S24) into the fermentation tank, setting the temperature of the fermentation tank at 35 deg.C, stirring at 6r/min, and culturing for 24 hr; pouring the obtained fermentation liquor into a volumetric flask of a rotary evaporator, setting the temperature at 52 ℃ and the air pressure at 0.002MPa, repeatedly extracting for three times, concentrating the rotary liquid obtained in the three times in the rotary evaporator at 75 ℃ and the air pressure at 0.002MPa until the rotary liquid is concentrated to thick paste, and obtaining the moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product.
Wherein, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens (FFRC-S24) is preserved in the China center for type culture Collection in 2013, 5 months and 9 days, and the preservation numbers are as follows: CCTCC NO: m2013191, specification of 100 hundred million CFU/g.
The cultivation experiment shows that the macrobrachium rosenbergii is provided by macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding companies of Yangtze, a control group (grain products Limited company) and an early functional feed group are selected, the macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding companies select healthy macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding seedlings with basically consistent specifications, the macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding seedlings are randomly grouped, 3 macrobrachium rosenbergii breeding groups are arranged in parallel, 50 macrobrachium rosenbergii of each parallel group have 6 cement ponds (the specification is 200cm × 150cm × 70cm), the macrobrachium rosenbergii is fed with the control group feed and the early functional feed after being domesticated for 15 days, and the indexes of the growth performance, oxidation resistance, survival rate and the like of the macrobrachium rosenbergii are measured.
Example 3
100kg of early functional feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii is prepared, and the feed comprises the following raw materials:
14.0kg of imported fish meal, 18.0kg of domestic fish meal, 4.0kg of cuttlefish paste, 7.0kg of shrimp meal, 21.0kg of soybean meal, 13.5kg of rapeseed meal, 11.5kg of common flour, 1.0kg of fish oil, 2.0kg of soybean oil, 1.2kg of soybean lecithin powder, 0.5kg of cholesterol, 0.15kg of ecdysone, 1.2kg of choline chloride, 0.8kg of vitamin premix, 1.2kg of mineral premix, 2.5kg of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4kg of bentonite and 0.05kg of moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) primary mixing and crushing: firstly, crushing fish meal, bean pulp, rapeseed meal, shrimp meal and common flour into a mixed coarse material by a crusher at the crushing speed of 450r/min, and passing through a 80-mesh screen;
(2) secondary material mixing: adding fish oil, soybean lecithin powder, cholesterol, ecdysone, choline chloride, monocalcium phosphate and bentonite into the mixed coarse material obtained in the step (1); uniformly mixing in a mixer (V-type mixer, Liyang City Lidada mechanical Co., Ltd.) to obtain a secondary mixed material; the rotating speed of the mixer is 20r/min during feeding;
(3) and (3) secondary crushing: the secondary mixed material is crushed for the second time by a crusher and passes through a 80-mesh screen; the crushing speed of the crusher is 500 r/min;
(4) mixing materials for the third time: adding a vitamin premix, a mineral premix and a moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product into the secondarily crushed mixture prepared in the step (3), and uniformly mixing the mixture in a mixer (V-type mixer, Liyang, Haidao mechanical Co., Ltd.) to obtain a third mixed material; the rotating speed of the mixer is 20r/min during feeding;
(5) and (3) crushing for three times: the third mixed material is crushed for the third time by a crusher and passes through a 80-mesh screen; the crushing speed of the crusher is 500 r/min;
(6) and (3) post-treatment: and (3) finally, preparing the mixture obtained after the three-time crushing in the step (5) into feed granules by using an aquatic feed granulator (STZG series, Zhengchang group company). The grain diameter of the feed particles is 1.0 mm; drying the feed particles in a drier (DWT series belt drier, Zhengchang group Co.) at 95 deg.C; the dried feed was cooled in a cooler (SKLG900 roller cooler, zhengchang group) and packaged.
The preparation method of the moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product comprises the following steps: crushing moringa leaves to 80 meshes to obtain moringa leaf powder; adding into water solution (acetic acid-sodium acetate as pH regulator) with pH of 6.0, the mass ratio of Moringa oleifera leaf to water is 12: 1, placing into a fermentation tank, adding Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (FFRC-S24) into the fermentation tank, setting the temperature of the fermentation tank at 40 deg.C, stirring at 8r/min, and culturing for 32 h; pouring the obtained fermentation liquor into a volumetric flask of a rotary evaporator, setting the temperature at 55 ℃ and the air pressure at 0.003MPa, repeatedly extracting for three times, concentrating the rotary liquid obtained in the three times in the rotary evaporator at the concentration temperature of 80 ℃ and the air pressure of 0.003MPa until the rotary liquid is concentrated to thick paste, and obtaining the moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product.
Wherein, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens (FFRC-S24) is preserved in the China center for type culture Collection in 2013, 5 months and 9 days, and the preservation numbers are as follows: CCTCC NO: m2013191, specification of 100 hundred million CFU/g.
The cultivation experiment includes that macrobrachium rosenbergii is provided by macrobrachium rosenbergii seedling culture companies in lakes of Zhejiang, healthy macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings with basically consistent specifications (30 days after membrane rupture) are selected, a control group (grain products limited company of Jiangsu Fuyuda) and an early functional feed group are arranged, each group is provided with 3 parallel groups, about 2 thousands of seedlings are placed in each parallel group, 6 cement ponds (the specification is 500cm × 200cm × 70cm) are provided, the nutrition is strengthened for 4 weeks after the control group feed and the early functional feed are crushed, and the indexes of stress resistance, growth performance, survival rate and the like of the macrobrachium rosenbergii are measured.
The results show that: compared with a control group, the survival rate of the early functional feed group is respectively improved by 9.87 percent, the survival rate of the early functional feed group is obviously increased, and the survival rate of the early functional feed group is further improved by about 12 percent through the high-temperature stress at 32 ℃. Therefore, the early functional feed can increase the high temperature stress resistance and the growth capacity of the early macrobrachium rosenbergii.
It is to be noted that the above-mentioned list is only a few specific embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The early functional feed for the macrobrachium rosenbergii is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 13-15 parts of imported fish meal, 18-20 parts of domestic fish meal, 3-5 parts of cuttlefish paste, 7-9 parts of shrimp meal, 19-21 parts of soybean meal, 10.0-13.5 parts of rapeseed meal, 11.5-13.9 parts of common flour, 1.0-2.0 parts of fish oil, 1.0-2.0 parts of soybean oil, 0.8-1.2 parts of soybean lecithin powder, 0.3-0.5 part of cholesterol, 0.1-0.2 part of ecdysone, 0.8-1.2 parts of choline chloride, 0.8-1.2 parts of vitamin premix, 1.0-1.5 parts of mineral premix, 1.7-2.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4-0.5 part of bentonite and 0.025-0.1 part of moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product.
2. The early functional feed of macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 1, characterized in that the choline chloride content is 50%.
3. A method for preparing the early stage functional feed of macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) primary mixing and crushing: crushing fish meal, bean pulp, rapeseed meal, shrimp meal and common flour into a mixed coarse material for the first time by a crusher at the crushing speed of 400-;
(2) secondary material mixing: adding fish oil, soybean lecithin powder, cholesterol, ecdysone, choline chloride, monocalcium phosphate and bentonite into the mixed coarse material obtained in the step (1), and uniformly mixing in a mixer to obtain a secondary mixed material; the rotating speed of the mixer is 18-20r/min during feeding;
(3) and (3) secondary crushing: the secondary mixed material is crushed for the second time by a crusher and passes through a 60-80 mesh screen; the crushing speed of the crusher is 400-;
(4) mixing materials for the third time: adding vitamin premix, mineral premix and moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product into the mixture obtained after the secondary crushing in the step (3), and uniformly mixing the mixture in a mixer to obtain a third mixed material; the rotating speed of the mixer is 18-20r/min during feeding;
(5) and (3) crushing for three times: pulverizing the third mixed material with a pulverizer for the third time, and sieving with a 60-80 mesh sieve; the crushing speed of the crusher is 400-;
(6) and (3) post-treatment: preparing the mixture obtained by the three-time crushing in the step (5) into granulated feed by using an aquatic feed granulator; drying the granulated feed in a dryer at the temperature of 90-100 ℃; and cooling the dried feed in a cooler and packaging to obtain the early functional feed for the macrobrachium rosenbergii.
4. The method for preparing an early functional feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 3, wherein the particle size of the pellet feed in the step (6) is 1.0 mm.
5. The method for preparing the early functional feed for the macrobrachium rosenbergii according to the claim 3, wherein the preparation process of the moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product in the step (4) is as follows: crushing moringa leaves to 40-80 meshes to obtain moringa leaf powder; adding into water solution with pH of 4.0-6.0 at a weight ratio of Moringa oleifera leaf to water of 8-12: 1, placing in a fermentation tank, adding Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FFRC-S24 into the fermentation tank, setting the temperature of the fermentation tank at 30-40 deg.C, stirring at 4-8r/min, and culturing for 24-48 h; pouring the obtained fermentation liquor into a volumetric flask of a rotary evaporator, setting the temperature at 50-55 ℃ and the air pressure at 0.001-0.003MPa, repeatedly extracting for 2-4 times, concentrating the spin-out liquor obtained by 2-4 times in the rotary evaporator at the concentration temperature of 70-80 ℃ and the air pressure at 0.001-0.003MPa until the concentrate is thick paste, and obtaining the moringa oleifera leaf fermentation product.
6. The method for preparing an early functional feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 5, wherein the aqueous solution with pH of 4.0-6.0 adopts acetic acid-sodium acetate as pH regulator.
7. The method for preparing the early functional feed for the macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 5, wherein the bacillus amyloliquefaciens FFRC-S24 is preserved in the China center for type culture Collection in 2013, 5 and 9 months with the preservation numbers as follows: CCTCC NO: and M2013191.
8. The method for preparing an early functional feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii according to claim 5, wherein the concentration of the bacillus amyloliquefaciens FFRC-S24 is 100 hundred million CFU/g.
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| CN102090533A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-06-15 | 宁波大学 | Low-fish meal compound feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107744053A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-03-02 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of Parent Female of Macrobrachium rosenbergii resisting stress promotees breeding pellet and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102090533A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2011-06-15 | 宁波大学 | Low-fish meal compound feed for macrobrachium rosenbergii and preparation method thereof |
| CN102783576A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2012-11-21 | 广东恒兴饲料实业股份有限公司 | Giant freshwater prawn shrimp seed period compound feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN102835548A (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2012-12-26 | 广东海大集团股份有限公司 | Larval macrobrachium rosenbergii micro-pellet feed and preparation method thereof |
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