CN111312411A - Method for preventing plasma from cracking by injecting liquefied inert gas jet - Google Patents

Method for preventing plasma from cracking by injecting liquefied inert gas jet Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111312411A
CN111312411A CN201811509895.6A CN201811509895A CN111312411A CN 111312411 A CN111312411 A CN 111312411A CN 201811509895 A CN201811509895 A CN 201811509895A CN 111312411 A CN111312411 A CN 111312411A
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gas
pressure
inert gas
liquefied
temperature
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CN201811509895.6A
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CN111312411B (en
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陈程远
董云波
冯北滨
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Southwestern Institute of Physics
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Southwestern Institute of Physics
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21B—FUSION REACTORS
    • G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
    • G21B1/11—Details
    • G21B1/15—Particle injectors for producing thermonuclear fusion reactions, e.g. pellet injectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21B—FUSION REACTORS
    • G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
    • G21B1/05—Thermonuclear fusion reactors with magnetic or electric plasma confinement
    • G21B1/057—Tokamaks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear fusion, and particularly relates to a method for preventing plasma from cracking by injecting liquefied inert gas jet. It includes: the method comprises the following steps: cooling; step two: regulating pressure, and step three: pressure intensity is balanced, a high-pressure gas source is connected, the gas pressure intensity in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is balanced quickly, and the high-pressure gas source is disconnected; step four: liquefying, namely immediately reducing the gas pressure in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device, and starting to liquefy the inert gas in the device; step five: circulating, namely circularly executing the third step and the fourth step until the gas pressure inside the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is greater than the saturated vapor pressure of the gas at the current temperature; step six: and injecting the formed liquefied gas jet into the plasma according to an external signal after the previous steps are finished. The invention has the following effects: liquefied inert gas is generated inside the device, and is injected by using the pressure of the gas before the plasma is broken.

Description

Method for preventing plasma from cracking by injecting liquefied inert gas jet
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear fusion, and particularly relates to a method for preventing plasma from cracking by injecting liquefied inert gas jet.
Background
In the tokamak discharge test, the plasma is difficult to break due to the reasons of plasma control, magnetic fluid instability, impurities, high-energy escape particles and the like. Particularly, in the discharge for maintaining steady-state high-parameter plasma, which is the main research content for realizing the steady-state operation of the tokamak fusion reactor, the plasma rupture discharge can cause serious damage effects, such as large thermal load of the first wall, strong mechanical stress, large escape current and the like, and even cause serious damage to a target plate, the first wall part and even a device of the polarization filter. The current plasma cracking protection method is to inject a large amount of inert gas or broken ice pellets into the plasma rapidly before cracking occurs, so as to reduce the damage of plasma cracking.
Ultrasonic molecular beam injection is a nuclear fusion charging method developed on the basis of the conventional air injection technology. In the invention patent "ultrasonic gas or cluster injector" (zl201310301066.x), an ultrasonic gas injection device is disclosed that contains a cold/hot trap heat sink capable of operating at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Ultrasonic molecular beam injection with larger gas amount is also used for the research of plasma fracture protection.
The current plasma fracture protection technology has the following problems in application:
1) a large amount of inert gas is injected. The gas generally enters the vacuum chamber in a diffusion mode, part of the gas diffuses into the plasma, part of the gas diffuses to the wall of the vacuum chamber, and the gas enters the plasma after interaction with the wall, so that the gas efficiency is low.
2) And injecting broken ice pills. The ice pill injection of inert gas is a method with better fracture protection effect at present, but the inert gas ice pill injection system is huge and complex and has higher cost. And the size of the ice pellets is not easily adjustable and the amount of gas injected is difficult to control.
3) Injecting ultrasonic molecular beams with larger gas flow. Ultrasonic molecular beam injection is generally used for plasma feeding, the amount of injected gas is small, and even if the gas supply amount is increased by adjusting the parameters of ultrasonic molecular beam injection, the amount of gas is still insufficient for fracture protection.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a method for preventing plasma from cracking by injecting liquefied inert gas jet.
The invention is realized by the following steps: a method of preventing plasma rupture by injection of a liquefied inert gas jet comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: temperature reduction
Cooling a heat sink in the device requiring ultrasonic molecular beam injection to ensure that the temperature of the heat sink is lower than the critical temperature of the inert gas;
step two: voltage regulation
Adjusting the pressure of the high-pressure gas source to be higher than the saturated vapor pressure of the inert gas at the current temperature;
step three: pressure balance
Switching on a high-pressure gas source, quickly balancing the gas pressure in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device, and switching off the high-pressure gas source;
step four: liquefaction
The gas pressure inside the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is reduced immediately, and the inert gas begins to liquefy inside the device;
step five: circulation of
Circularly executing the third step and the fourth step until the gas pressure inside the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is greater than the saturated vapor pressure of the gas at the current temperature;
step six: injection of
After the above steps are completed, the formed liquefied gas jet is injected into the plasma according to an external signal.
The method for injecting the liquefied inert gas jet to protect the plasma from being broken as described above, wherein, when the gas to be injected is liquefied xenon, the temperature reduction temperature in the first step is 273K.
The method for preventing plasma from being broken through injection of the liquefied inert gas jet is described above, wherein the pressure in the second step is 4.2 Mpa.
The method for preventing plasma from being broken by injecting the liquefied inert gas jet is described, wherein when the gas to be injected is liquefied krypton, the temperature reduction temperature in the first step is 203K.
The method for preventing plasma from being broken by injecting the liquefied inert gas jet is characterized in that the pressure in the second step is 4.7 MPa.
The method for preventing plasma from being broken by injecting the liquefied inert gas jet is described above, wherein when the gas to be injected is liquefied argon, the temperature reduction temperature in the first step is 148K.
The method for preventing plasma from being broken through injection of the liquefied inert gas jet is characterized in that the pressure in the second step is 4.5 MPa.
The invention has the following remarkable effects: the invention utilizes the characteristic that the device can resist low temperature and high pressure to generate liquefied inert gas in the device, and the liquefied inert gas is injected by utilizing the pressure of the gas before plasma is broken. The liquid density is much higher than the gas and the amount of liquefied inert gas injected is sufficient to achieve the need to protect against plasma cracking.
Detailed Description
Utilizing liquid nitrogen or other cooling circulation devices to cool the heat sink in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device to ensure that the temperature of the heat sink is slightly lower than the critical temperature of the inert gas; adjusting the pressure of the high-pressure gas source to be slightly higher than the saturated vapor pressure of the inert gas at the current temperature; switching on a high-pressure gas source, quickly balancing the gas pressure in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device, and switching off the high-pressure gas source; the gas pressure inside the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is reduced immediately, and the inert gas begins to liquefy inside the device; keeping the temperature of the heat sink unchanged, connecting an inert gas source for a plurality of times, and properly supplementing the inert gas to ensure that the gas pressure inside the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is greater than the saturated vapor pressure of the gas at the current temperature; until the gas pressure in the device is strong and remains unchanged, the liquefaction process is finished; liquefied gas jet injection is to be triggered; the driving power supply is triggered by a signal, the valve of the device is opened, and the pressure of the inert gas in the device sprays the liquefied inert gas out of the nozzle of the valve to form liquefied gas jet flow to inject into plasma.
Example (a):
the liquefied xenon jet injection protects against plasma cracking. The critical temperature of xenon is 289.74K, and the critical pressure is 5.764 MPa. The heat sink in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device begins to cool, so that the temperature of the heat sink is slightly lower than the critical temperature of xenon, such as 273K; when the temperature is 273K, the saturated vapor pressure of xenon is 4.18MPa, and the pressure of a xenon gas source is adjusted until the pressure is higher than the saturated vapor pressure of xenon at the current temperature, such as 4.2 MPa; a xenon gas source is switched on, and the gas pressure in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is balanced quickly; cutting off a xenon gas source; the pressure of xenon in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is reduced immediately, and the xenon begins to be liquefied in the device; keeping the temperature of the heat sink 273K unchanged, and connecting a xenon gas source for supplementing xenon for a plurality of times to ensure that the xenon pressure inside the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is always higher than the saturated vapor pressure of xenon at the current temperature; until the xenon pressure in the device is approximately kept unchanged, the liquefaction process is finished; after the injection preparation of the liquid xenon jet is finished, entering a state to be triggered; the drive power supply is triggered by a signal, the valve of the device is opened, and under the action of the xenon pressure in the device, liquefied xenon is sprayed out from the nozzle of the valve to form liquefied xenon jet flow which is injected into plasma.
Example 2
The liquefied krypton gas jet injection protects against plasma cracking. The critical temperature of krypton is 209.48K, and the critical pressure is 5.53 MPa. The heat sink in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device begins to cool, so that the temperature of the heat sink is slightly lower than the critical temperature of krypton, such as 203K; the saturated vapor pressure of the krypton gas is 4.62MPa when the temperature is 203K, and the pressure of the krypton gas source is adjusted until the saturated vapor pressure of the krypton gas is higher than the current temperature, such as 4.7 MPa; a krypton gas source is switched on, and the gas pressure in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is balanced quickly; disconnecting the krypton gas source; the pressure of krypton in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is reduced immediately, and the krypton begins to be liquefied in the device; keeping the temperature 203K of the heat sink unchanged, and connecting a krypton gas source to supplement krypton for a plurality of times to ensure that the pressure of krypton gas in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is always higher than the saturated vapor pressure of krypton gas at the current temperature; until the pressure of krypton in the device is approximately kept unchanged, the liquefaction process is finished; after the injection preparation of the liquid krypton jet is finished, entering a state to be triggered; the driving power supply is triggered by a signal, the valve of the device is opened, and under the action of the pressure of krypton gas in the device, liquefied krypton gas is sprayed out from the nozzle of the valve to form liquefied krypton gas jet injection plasma.
Example 3
The liquefied argon jet injection protects the plasma from cracking. The critical temperature of argon is 150.69K, and the critical pressure is 4.86 MPa. The heat sink in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device begins to cool, so that the temperature of the heat sink is slightly lower than the critical temperature of argon, such as 148K; when the temperature is 148K, the saturated vapor pressure of argon is 4.41MPa, and the pressure of an argon source is adjusted until the pressure is higher than the saturated vapor pressure of the argon at the current temperature, such as 4.5 MPa; connecting an argon gas source, and quickly balancing the gas pressure in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device; cutting off an argon gas source; the pressure of argon in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is reduced immediately, and the argon begins to liquefy in the device; keeping the temperature of the heat sink to be 203K unchanged, and connecting an argon gas source for supplementing argon gas for a plurality of times to ensure that the argon pressure inside the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is always higher than the saturated vapor pressure of the argon gas at the current temperature; until the argon pressure in the device is approximately kept unchanged, the liquefaction process is finished; after the injection preparation of the liquid argon jet is finished, entering a state to be triggered; the driving power supply is triggered by a signal, the valve of the device is opened, and under the action of the argon pressure in the device, the liquefied argon is sprayed out from the nozzle of the valve to form liquefied argon jet injection plasma.
The ultrasonic molecular beam injection device has the characteristics of relatively simple system, low temperature resistance and high pressure resistance, and meets the conditions of cooling, pressurizing and liquefying inert gas; the ultrasonic molecular beam injection system can flexibly control the opening time of the valve so as to control the quantity of gas injected by the liquefied gas jet; when necessary, the nozzle shape of the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device can be changed, the form of liquefied gas jet flow is changed, an atomized spray injection mode is formed, and various researches on plasma fracture protection are carried out. At present, an ultrasonic molecular beam injection system can work at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, so that inert gases with critical temperature higher than 100K, such as argon, krypton and xenon, can be used for experimental research of liquefied gas jet injection.
The main invention points are as follows: the device is cooled to below the critical temperature of inert gas by using the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device, meanwhile, the gas pressure is increased to exceed the saturated vapor pressure at the current temperature, the inert gas is liquefied in the device, and the liquefied inert gas is sprayed out by using the pressure of the gas to form liquid jet flow to be injected into plasma for preventing the plasma from being broken.

Claims (7)

1. A method of preventing plasma rupture by injection of a jet of liquefied inert gas, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: temperature reduction
Cooling a heat sink in the device requiring ultrasonic molecular beam injection to ensure that the temperature of the heat sink is lower than the critical temperature of the inert gas;
step two: voltage regulation
Adjusting the pressure of the high-pressure gas source to be higher than the saturated vapor pressure of the inert gas at the current temperature;
step three: pressure balance
Switching on a high-pressure gas source, quickly balancing the gas pressure in the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device, and switching off the high-pressure gas source;
step four: liquefaction
The gas pressure inside the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is reduced immediately, and the inert gas begins to liquefy inside the device;
step five: circulation of
Circularly executing the third step and the fourth step until the gas pressure inside the ultrasonic molecular beam injection device is greater than the saturated vapor pressure of the gas at the current temperature;
step six: injection of
After the above steps are completed, the formed liquefied gas jet is injected into the plasma according to an external signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquefied inert gas jet injection protects against plasma rupture, and further comprising: when the gas to be injected is liquefied xenon, the temperature reduction temperature in the first step is 273K.
3. A method of protecting against plasma rupture by injection of a jet of liquefied inert gas according to claim 2, wherein: and the pressure in the second step is 4.2 Mpa.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquefied inert gas jet injection protects against plasma rupture, and further comprising: when the gas to be injected is liquefied krypton gas, the temperature reduction temperature in the step one is 203K.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the liquefied inert gas jet injection protects against plasma rupture, and further comprising: the pressure in the second step is 4.7 MPa.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquefied inert gas jet injection protects against plasma rupture, and further comprising: when the gas to be injected is liquefied argon, the temperature reduction temperature in the first step is 148K.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the liquefied inert gas jet injection protects against plasma rupture, and further comprising: the pressure in the second step is 4.5 MPa.
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Cited By (1)

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