CN111307846B - Measurement system for measuring time evolution driving radiation flow at center of black cavity - Google Patents
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- CN111307846B CN111307846B CN202010096007.3A CN202010096007A CN111307846B CN 111307846 B CN111307846 B CN 111307846B CN 202010096007 A CN202010096007 A CN 202010096007A CN 111307846 B CN111307846 B CN 111307846B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring system for measuring time evolution driving radiant current at the center of a black cavity, which at least comprises: the device comprises a black cavity, a multi-step shock wave sample, a sample re-emitting jet flow measuring unit and a shock wave speed measuring unit; the sample re-emission jet flow measuring unit and the shock wave speed measuring unit are respectively positioned at two sides of the multi-step shock wave sample, and the detection included angle is 180 degrees; the center of the bottom layer of the multi-step shock wave sample is located at the center of the black cavity, and the contact surface between the steps in the multi-step shock wave sample is perpendicular to the connecting line between the sample re-emission jet flow measuring unit and the shock wave speed measuring unit. The invention combines the measurement of the shock wave pattern of the black cavity center sample with the sample re-emission jet flow measurement technology, and can realize the precise measurement of the time evolution driving radiation flow at the black cavity center target pellet.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of indirect drive laser fusion, and particularly relates to a measuring system for measuring time evolution drive radiant current at the center of a black cavity.
Background
At present, in the indirect driving inertial confinement fusion, a black cavity is usually adopted to convert laser energy into X-ray energy for driving target pellets to implode and enabling thermonuclear fuel to reach a high-temperature and high-density state. The black cavity mainly has the function of providing a driving radiation field which can realize high contraction ratio and spherical symmetric compression for the target pellet, wherein the X-ray radiation flow intensity for driving the target pellet implosion at the center of the black cavity is a problem of indirect driving inertial confinement fusion focus attention.
Conventionally, a time evolution driving radiation flow evaluation method at the center of a black cavity is characterized in that a soft X-ray radiation flow detector is adopted to measure X-ray radiation flow time evolution data emitted by the wall of the black cavity from a laser injection hole, numerical simulation program model parameters are verified, and the verified numerical simulation program is used for calculating the driving radiation flow time evolution data sensed by a target pill at the center of the black cavity.
However, 2011-2014 experimental results of the NIF laser devices in the united states indicate that theoretical calculated values of the driven radiation flux at the center of the black cavity estimated by the conventional method are 10% -20% higher than actual values (s.a. Maclaren et al, phys. Rev. Lett.112,105003, 2014), i.e., the conventional method overestimates the radiation flux intensity sensed by the target pellet. Series of precise physical experiments carried out by the NIF device show that the traditional method for measuring the X-ray radiation flow emitted by the wall of the black cavity through the laser injection hole is easily influenced by the laser injection hole shrinkage, and the laser injection hole shrinkage is difficult to evaluate and accurately diagnose (M.D. Rosen, H.Scott, D.Callahan et al, LLNL-PROC-655722,41st EPS conference, 2014).
In addition, the traditional method is used for evaluating the radiation flow at the center of the black cavity by measuring a black cavity wall radiation flow calibration program, when the radiation flow generated by the black cavity wall is transmitted in the black cavity, the intensity and the energy spectrum characteristics of the radiation flow are changed under the influence of plasma inside the black cavity, and the black cavity wall radiation flow measurement cannot directly reflect the radiation field characteristics at the center of the black cavity.
Therefore, it is necessary to establish a novel black cavity center time evolution driven radiation flow experimental system to enhance understanding of the black cavity state under the condition of close ignition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a measuring system for measuring time evolution driving radiation flow at the center of a black cavity, the measuring system disclosed by the invention directly measures X-ray re-emission flow generated by irradiation of a shock wave sample by placing a multi-step shock wave sample at the center of the black cavity, and compared with the measurement of radiation flow at the wall of the black cavity, experimental data reflecting the characteristics of a radiation field at the center of the black cavity can be directly obtained; in addition, the shockwave velocity data reflecting the peak intensity information of the radiation flow can be obtained by measuring the shockwave image generated by irradiating the multi-step shockwave sample by the radiation flow at the center of the black cavity. By combining the re-emitted jet flow with the shock wave velocity measurement, the time evolution data of the driving radiant flow at the center of the black cavity with high confidence can be given.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a measurement system for measuring a time-evolution driven radiation flux at the center of a black cavity, the measurement system comprising at least: the device comprises a black cavity, a multi-step shock wave sample, a sample re-emitting jet flow measuring unit and a shock wave speed measuring unit; the sample re-emission jet flow measuring unit and the shock wave speed measuring unit are respectively positioned on two sides of the multi-step shock wave sample, and the detection included angle is 180 degrees; the center of the bottom layer of the multi-step shock wave sample is located at the right center of the black cavity, and the contact surface between the steps in the multi-step shock wave sample is perpendicular to the connecting line between the sample re-emission jet flow measuring unit and the shock wave speed measuring unit.
Specifically, after the multi-step shock wave sample is irradiated by X rays, a re-emitting jet flow is generated at one side of the multi-step shock wave sample, and the sample re-emitting jet flow measurement unit is used for measuring the re-emitting jet flow time evolution data of the multi-step shock wave sample; the other side of the multi-step shock wave sample is irradiated by X rays to generate shock waves, the shock waves are transmitted in the steps and sequentially pass through each step surface in the multi-step shock wave sample to generate visible light, the visible light is detected by the shock wave speed measuring unit to form a shock wave image, the shock wave speed can be obtained from the shock wave image, and the peak value driving radiation flow at the center of the black cavity can be obtained according to a calibration formula. Therefore, the time evolution data of the driving radiation flow at the center of the black cavity can be obtained by combining the peak driving radiation flow at the center of the black cavity and the time evolution data of the re-emitting jet flow of the sample.
According to a preferred embodiment, the side wall of the black cavity is provided with a diagnostic hole, and the diagnostic hole is positioned between the multi-step shockwave sample and the sample re-emitting jet flow measuring unit.
According to a preferred embodiment, a shock wave sample shielding cylinder is arranged between the multi-step shock wave sample and the shock wave velocity measuring unit. The shock wave sample shielding cylinder can prevent environmental stray light from entering a detection view field of the shock wave speed measurement unit, and accuracy of measurement results is improved.
According to a preferred embodiment, the shock wave sample shielding canister is made of gold or aluminum, and the canister thickness is in the range of 30-100um.
According to a preferred embodiment, the black cavity is made of gold, and the thickness of the gold material ranges from 30 to 50um.
According to a preferred embodiment, the multi-step shockwave sample comprises 2-6 steps.
According to a preferred embodiment, each layer of the multi-step shock wave sample is circular or square, the diameter or side length of the bottommost layer of the multi-step shock wave sample is the largest, the diameters or side lengths of the rest layers of the multi-step shock wave sample are sequentially reduced, and the diameter or side length of the bottommost layer of the multi-step shock wave sample ranges from 500um to 1500um.
According to a preferred embodiment, the multi-step shockwave sample is made of aluminum or titanium metal.
According to a preferred embodiment, the sample re-emitting jet flow measuring unit consists of a precise pinhole and a flat response XRD detector, and the spatial coverage of the sample re-emitting jet flow measuring unit is 100-800um.
According to a preferred embodiment, the shockwave velocity measuring unit comprises, but is not limited to, a passive shockwave measuring device SOP and a reflecting surface velocity interferometer VISAR.
The basic principle of the scheme is as follows:
after the wall of the black cavity is irradiated by high-power laser, the black cavity wall can generate a laser beam with the duration of about several nanoseconds and the intensity of about 10 11 And W/sr ultrashort and ultrastrong X-ray radiation flow irradiates a multi-step shock wave sample positioned in the center of the black cavity.
The multi-step shock wave sample forms plasma after being irradiated and ablated, on one hand, X-ray re-emission jet flow is generated and is detected by a sample re-emission jet flow measuring unit through a diagnosis hole, and sample re-emission jet flow time evolution data is obtained;
on the other hand, high-speed shock waves can be formed in the multi-step shock wave sample, the side, subjected to irradiation and ablation, of the multi-step shock wave sample is a plane, steps with different thicknesses are arranged on the other side of the multi-step shock wave sample, when the high-speed shock waves are transmitted in the sample, the steps of the sample are sequentially transmitted at different moments, visible light is generated at different moments, the visible light is detected by a shock wave speed measuring system to form a shock wave image, the shock wave speed can be obtained from the shock wave image, and the peak value driving radiation flow at the center of the black cavity can be obtained according to a calibration formula.
And combining the peak value driving radiation flow at the center of the black cavity with the sample re-emission jet flow time evolution data to obtain the driving radiation flow time evolution data at the center of the black cavity.
The main scheme and the further selection schemes can be freely combined to form a plurality of schemes which are all adopted and claimed by the invention; in the invention, the selection (each non-conflict selection) and other selections can be freely combined. The skilled person in the art can understand various combinations according to the prior art and the common general knowledge after understanding the solution of the present invention, and the combinations are all the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention, and are not exhaustive here.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the traditional method for measuring the radiation flow of the wall of the black cavity, the method has the advantages that the uncertainty generated by the radiation transport process evaluation of the radiation flow of the wall of the black cavity in the black cavity is avoided;
the multi-step shock wave sample re-emission jet flow is measured through the diagnosis hole, the background stray light signal intensity generated by high atomic number gold plasma in the detection field is low, and high-confidence-degree X-ray re-emission stream data can be obtained;
through multi-step shock wave sample shock wave velocity measurement, black cavity center peak value time point drive radiation flow intensity data can be provided, and the uncertainty of the current shock wave velocity measurement can reach within 3%, so that high-confidence-value peak value time point drive radiation flow intensity can be obtained;
by adopting a mode of combining the reissued jet flow measurement and the shock wave velocity measurement, on one hand, the reissued jet flow with time evolution can be obtained, the reissued jet flow is closely related to the time evolution behavior of the driving radiation flow, on the other hand, the intensity of the driving radiation flow at the peak time point can be obtained, and the time evolution data of the driving radiation flow with high confidence level at the center of the black cavity can be obtained by combining the reissued jet flow measurement and the shock wave velocity measurement.
The target design provided by the invention can realize the precise measurement of the time evolution data of the driving radiation flow at the center of the black cavity in the laser inertial confinement fusion experiment, and has very wide application prospect.
In conclusion, compared with the prior art, the invention has substantive characteristics and progress, and the beneficial effect of the implementation is also obvious.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment 1 of the measurement system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-step shockwave sample in example 1 of the measurement system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a measurement result of a three-step shockwave pattern experiment obtained in example 1 of the measurement system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a time evolution measurement result of a three-step shockwave sample re-emitted jet obtained in embodiment 1 of the measurement system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is the time evolution data of the driving radiation flow at the center of the black cavity obtained by the embodiment 1 of the measurement system of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-black cavity, 2-multi-step shock wave sample, 3-shock wave sample shielding cylinder, 4-diagnosis hole, 5-sample re-emission jet flow measurement unit, 6-shock wave speed measurement unit, 7-three-step shock wave sample bottommost step, 8-three-step shock wave sample middle step, 9-three-step shock wave sample topmost step, and 10-black cavity center driving radiation flow.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments of the present invention are provided by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, it should be noted that, in the present invention, if the specific structures, connection relationships, position relationships, power source relationships, and the like are not written in particular, the structures, connection relationships, position relationships, power source relationships, and the like related to the present invention can be known by those skilled in the art without creative work on the basis of the prior art.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a measurement system for measuring time-evolution driven radiation flow at the center of a black cavity, comprising: the device comprises a black cavity 1, a multi-step shock wave sample 2, a shock wave sample shielding cylinder 3, a sample re-emitting jet flow measuring unit 5 and a shock wave speed measuring unit 6.
Preferably, the sample re-emitting jet flow measuring unit 5 and the shock wave velocity measuring unit 6 are respectively positioned at two sides of the multi-step shock wave sample 2, and the detection included angle is 180 degrees.
Preferably, the center of the bottom layer of the multi-step shock wave sample 2 is located at the right center of the black cavity 1, and the contact surface between each step in the multi-step shock wave sample 2 is perpendicular to the connecting line between the sample re-emitting jet flow measuring unit 5 and the shock wave velocity measuring unit 6.
Specifically, after the multi-step shock wave sample 2 is irradiated by X rays, a re-emitting jet flow is generated on one side of the multi-step shock wave sample, and the sample re-emitting jet flow measuring unit 5 is used for measuring the re-emitting jet flow time evolution data of the multi-step shock wave sample. The other side of the multi-step shock wave sample 2 is irradiated by X rays to generate shock waves, the shock waves are transmitted in the steps and sequentially pass through each step surface in the multi-step shock wave sample to generate visible light, the visible light is detected by the shock wave speed measuring unit 6 to form a shock wave image, the shock wave speed can be obtained from the shock wave image, and the peak value driving radiation flow at the center of the black cavity can be obtained according to a calibration formula. Therefore, the time evolution data of the driving radiation flow at the center of the black cavity can be obtained by combining the peak driving radiation flow at the center of the black cavity and the time evolution data of the re-emitting jet flow of the sample.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the multi-step shock wave sample 2 may have a three-step structure, specifically including a bottom step 7, an intermediate step 8, and a top step 9.
Preferably, each layer of steps in the multi-step shock wave sample 2 is arranged in a circular structure. The diameter or side length of the bottommost step in the multi-step shock wave sample 2 is the largest, and the diameter is 1300um. The diameters of the steps of the rest layers are reduced in sequence.
Further, the multi-step shockwave sample 2 can be made of aluminum or titanium.
Preferably, a diagnostic hole 4 is arranged on the side wall of the black cavity 1, and the diagnostic hole 4 is positioned between the multi-step shock wave sample 2 and the sample re-emitting jet flow measuring unit 5.
Furthermore, the black cavity 1 is made of gold, and the thickness range of the gold material is 30um.
Preferably, a shock wave sample shielding cylinder 3 is arranged between the multi-step shock wave sample 2 and the shock wave velocity measuring unit 6. Environmental stray light can be prevented from entering a detection view field of the shock wave velocity measuring unit 6 through the shock wave sample shielding cylinder 3, and accuracy of a measuring result is improved.
Further, the shock wave sample shielding cylinder 3 is made of gold or aluminum, and the cylinder thickness is 30um.
Preferably, the sample re-emitting jet flow measuring unit 5 consists of a precise pinhole and a flat response XRD detector, and the spatial coverage of the sample re-emitting jet flow measuring unit 5 is 400um.
Preferably, the shock wave velocity measuring unit 6 is a passive shock wave measuring device SOP.
The measurement result of the three-step shock wave pattern experiment obtained by performing the inertial confinement laser fusion experiment by using the measurement system disclosed in the embodiment is shown in fig. 3, in which three clear shock wave steps can be seen, and the obtained equivalent radiation temperature of the peak driving radiation flow intensity at the center of the black cavity 1 is 179eV.
The measurement result of the time evolution of the jet current re-emitted by the three-step shock wave sample obtained by the inertial confinement laser fusion experiment by adopting the measurement system disclosed by the embodiment is shown in fig. 4, the signal to noise ratio of the re-emitted jet current can be seen in the graph to be extremely high, the maximum value of the equivalent radiation temperature of the re-emitted jet current of the sample at the center of the black cavity 1 is about 140eV, the albedo of the corresponding aluminum step sample is about 0.35, and the theoretical expectation is met.
The time evolution data of the driving radiation flow at the center of the black cavity 1, which is obtained by adopting the measuring system disclosed by the embodiment to carry out the inertial confinement laser fusion experiment, is shown in fig. 5.
Example 2
The structure of this example is the same as that of example 1, except that the multi-step shockwave sample 2 includes 4 steps, and the shockwave velocity measurement system 6 is an arbitrary reflecting surface velocity interferometer VISAR. Therefore, higher-precision shock wave velocity and peak time point driving radiation flow data can be obtained.
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A measurement system for measuring a time-evolution driven radiation flux at the center of a black cavity, the measurement system comprising at least: the device comprises a black cavity (1), a multi-step shock wave sample (2), a sample re-emitting jet flow measuring unit (5) and a shock wave speed measuring unit (6);
the sample re-emitting jet flow measuring unit (5) and the shock wave speed measuring unit (6) are respectively positioned at two sides of the multi-step shock wave sample (2), and a detection included angle is 180 degrees;
the center of the bottom layer of the multi-step shock wave sample (2) is located at the right center of the black cavity (1), and the contact surface between steps in the multi-step shock wave sample (2) is perpendicular to the connecting line between the sample re-emission jet flow measuring unit (5) and the shock wave speed measuring unit (6);
the sample reissuing jet flow measuring unit (5) consists of a precise pinhole and a flat response XRD detector, and the space coverage range of the sample reissuing jet flow measuring unit (5) is 100-800um;
and a diagnosis hole (4) is formed in the side wall of the black cavity (1), and the diagnosis hole (4) is positioned between the multi-step shock wave sample (2) and the sample re-emitting jet flow measuring unit (5).
2. A measurement system for measuring time evolution driven radiation flow in the center of a black cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that a shock wave sample shielding canister (3) is provided between said multi-step shock wave sample (2) and said shock wave velocity measurement unit (6).
3. A measurement system for measuring time-evolution driven radiation flux in the center of a black cavity according to claim 2, characterized in that said shockwave sample shielding cylinder (3) is made of gold or aluminum with a cylinder thickness in the range of 30-100um.
4. A measurement system for measuring the time-evolution driven radiation flux at the center of a black cavity as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the black cavity (1) is made of gold, and the thickness of the gold material is in the range of 30-50um.
5. A measurement system for measuring time-evolution driven radiation flux at the center of a black cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that said multi-step shockwave sample (2) comprises 2-6 steps.
6. A measurement system for measuring time-evolution driven radiation flux at the center of a black cavity according to claim 5, characterized in that each layer step in the multi-step shockwave sample (2) is circular or square,
the diameter or the side length of the bottommost step in the multi-step shock wave sample (2) is the largest, the diameters or the side lengths of the rest layers are sequentially reduced, and the diameter or the side length range of the bottommost step is 500-1500 mu m.
7. A measurement system for measuring the time-evolution driven radiation flux at the center of a black cavity according to claim 6, wherein the multi-step shockwave sample (2) is made of aluminum or titanium metal.
8. A measurement system for measuring the time-evolution driven radiation flux at the center of a black cavity according to claim 1, characterized in that said shockwave velocity measuring unit (6) comprises but is not limited to a passive shockwave measuring device SOP and a reflecting surface velocity interferometer VISAR.
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| "Experimental demonstration of early time, hohlraum radiation symmetry tuning for indirect drive ignition experiments";E. L. Dewald等;《AIP Physics of Plasmas》;20111231;第18卷;第092703，1-9页 * |
| "Measurement of P2 M-band flux asymmetry in indirect-drive hohlraum on Shenguang-III prototype laser facility";Qi Li等;《Review of Scientific Instruments 》;20191231;第90卷;第043505，1-8页 * |
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