CN111304499B - Improved 6005A aluminum alloy section and manufacturing process thereof - Google Patents
Improved 6005A aluminum alloy section and manufacturing process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111304499B CN111304499B CN201911208420.8A CN201911208420A CN111304499B CN 111304499 B CN111304499 B CN 111304499B CN 201911208420 A CN201911208420 A CN 201911208420A CN 111304499 B CN111304499 B CN 111304499B
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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Abstract
The invention discloses an improved 6005A aluminum alloy section, which has the technical scheme key points that the section comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.83-0.87% of silicon, 0.05-0.10% of copper, 0.30-0.40% of manganese, 0.52-0.57% of magnesium, 0.05-0.10% of chromium and the balance of aluminum. According to the invention, by optimizing the formula of the 6005A aluminum alloy, the prepared aluminum alloy section has the physical and mechanical properties equivalent to those of the 6082 aluminum alloy, has good tensile and impact resistance, has excellent elongation and is easy to machine and mold. In addition, the invention also correspondingly discloses a preparation method of the aluminum alloy section.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy sections and manufacturing thereof, in particular to an improved 6005A aluminum alloy section and a manufacturing process thereof.
Background
The new energy automobile power battery has the contradiction between the self weight defect and the energy density requirement, and the light weight requirement is particularly urgent in the whole automobile part subsystem. The aluminum alloy material has the characteristics of excellent machinability, low density (the density of the aluminum alloy is 2.7 g/cm), corrosion resistance, high recyclability, and the like, so that the aluminum alloy material has obvious advantages and is an important mark for realizing the lightweight process of the electric new energy automobile. On the premise of ensuring the functional safety of the battery, the weight reduction of the tray of the main structural member in the structural member accounting for 20-30% of the weight of the battery system becomes one of the main improvement targets. At present, the aluminum alloy for the vehicle mainly comprises 5000 series (Al-Mg series) 6000 series (Al-Mg-Si series) and the like, and the aluminum tray is mainly made of 6000 series aluminum profiles, such as a new energy automobile battery tray made of an aluminum alloy profile with the mark of 6005A.
GB/T3190-2008 "wrought aluminum and aluminum alloy chemical composition" makes provisions for the elemental composition of aluminum alloys under the designation 6005A: 0.50 to 0.9 percent of Si, 0.35 percent of Fe, 0.30 percent of Cu, 0.5 percent of Mn, 0.40 to 0.7 percent of Mg, 0.30 percent of Cr, 0.20 percent of Zn, 0.1 percent of Ti and the balance of Al, wherein the total content of Mn and Cr is 0.12 to 0.5 percent, the content of single impurity is less than or equal to 0.05 percent and the content of total impurity is less than or equal to 0.15 percent. GB/T26494-2016 aluminium alloy extruded section for rail transit vehicle structure basically stipulates the room temperature tensile mechanical property of 6005A aluminium alloy section and the room temperature tensile mechanical property of a welding joint. See in particular table 1 and table 2,
TABLE 1 tensile mechanical Properties at Room temperature
TABLE 2 tensile mechanical property table at room temperature of welded structure
On the other hand, it is known that steel and aluminum materials have very large differences in characteristic parameters such as strength, fatigue resistance, elastic modulus, tensile strength, compressive strength, shear strength, bending strength, and the like. The yield strength and the tensile strength of the aluminum and the aluminum alloy are respectively 30-500N/sq mm and 79-570N/sq mm; the yield strength and the tensile strength of the steel are respectively in the ranges of 250-1000N/sq mm and 400-1250N/sq mm. In vehicle engineering, the characteristic difference is more obvious under dynamic and static loads. So in the vehicle structural design, the aluminum alloy structure cannot be equated with the steel structural design, although the functions are identical parts. Aiming at the structural design of the aluminum alloy section bar, the teaching according to the material is needed.
Taking a battery tray made of a 6005A aluminum alloy section as an example, the density of the battery body is very high, and the battery tray or the case for carrying the battery module is always in a heavy load state. The fatigue performance of aluminum is only half of that of steel; the modulus of elasticity of aluminum is only one third of that of steel. If the bearing of the tray lifting lug exceeds the limit, or the stress difference of different lifting lugs is large and uneven, the dynamic performance is worse in the face of the complex road condition of the vehicle. The aluminum material is more prone to fatigue under high vibration and high stress concentration conditions, resulting in cracking and deformation. Therefore, the phenomenon that the tray cracks and other fault phenomena occur at the position of the lifting lug and the inner frame beam structure, and even the phenomenon that the fixed point of the module falls off is not surprising.
This phenomenon is also commonly found in vibration tests that are examined for the results of the battery tray floor design. In the experiment, the cracks of welding the inner frame and the tray and the cracks of the inner frame supporting beam body are often encountered. In the preliminary analysis of the cracking reason, the important point is that the material characteristics are as follows, apart from the process factors and the structural design factors: the aluminum alloy profile has a lot of impurities and coarse profile grains, and when the stress of a failure point exceeds the bearing stress or stress concentration of the material, the cracking problem is easy to occur.
Therefore, the 6005A aluminum alloy used for manufacturing new energy automobile battery trays needs to be further improved to obtain an aluminum alloy profile with more excellent physical and mechanical properties, and solve the problem that the battery trays made of the existing 6005A aluminum alloy are easy to crack in an impact test.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an improved 6005A aluminum alloy profile which has the advantages of easiness in forming and excellent tensile and impact resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an improved 6005A aluminum alloy profile comprises the following components in percentage by mass,
silicon 0.83-0.87%
0.05 to 0.10 percent of copper
0.30 to 0.40 percent of manganese
0.52 to 0.57 percent of magnesium
0.05 to 0.10 percent of chromium
The balance being aluminum.
By adopting the technical scheme, the contents of silicon, copper, manganese, magnesium and chromium in the alloy are optimized on the basis of the 6005A aluminum alloy specified by the existing national standard. The aluminum alloy after the optimized proportioning keeps good elongation and has high processing and forming efficiency; the recrystallization temperature in the extrusion forming process is increased, the coarseness of crystal grains can be effectively inhibited, and the coarse grains formed in the extrusion process are reduced, so that the forming performance and the tensile and impact resistance of the aluminum alloy section are greatly improved, and the problem that the aluminum alloy new energy automobile battery bottom plate is easy to crack after an impact test is solved; the physical and mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy section material after the formula optimization meet the requirement of 6082 aluminum alloy.
Further comprises the following components in percentage by mass,
silicon 0.83-0.87%
0.05 to 0.10 percent of copper
0.30 to 0.40 percent of manganese
0.52 to 0.54 percent of magnesium
0.05 to 0.10 percent of chromium
The balance being aluminum.
By adopting the technical scheme, the content of the magnesium element is further optimized, the optimized formula is beneficial to magnesium silicide, and the strength of the aluminum alloy is further improved.
Further, the iron with the doping amount larger than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2 percent is also included according to the mass percentage.
The iron can refine the aluminum alloy grains, reduce shrinkage cavities, improve the high-temperature mechanical strength of the aluminum alloy and reduce the negative influence of high-temperature operation such as welding and the like on the strength of an aluminum alloy welding structure.
Furthermore, the zinc alloy also comprises zinc with the doping amount larger than 0 and less than or equal to 0.05 percent by mass percentage.
By adopting the technical scheme, the zinc and magnesium in the doping amount can form a strengthening phase Mg/Zn2, so that the alloy has obvious strengthening effect and the tensile strength and the yield strength can be obviously increased.
Furthermore, the titanium alloy also comprises titanium with the doping amount larger than 0 and less than or equal to 0.05 percent by mass percentage.
By adopting the technical scheme, the TiAl2 phase is formed by titanium and aluminum and becomes a non-spontaneous core during crystallization, and the effects of refining a casting structure and a welding seam structure are achieved.
The invention also aims to provide a manufacturing process of the improved 6005A aluminum alloy profile, and the aluminum alloy profile manufactured by the manufacturing process is easy to machine and form and has the advantage of good tensile and impact resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a manufacturing process of an improved 6005A aluminum alloy profile comprises the following steps,
smelting: extracting an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, a magnesium raw material, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy according to the proportion, charging into a furnace, smelting at the smelting temperature of 730 ℃ and 750 ℃ for 4-5h, and slagging off;
refining: adjusting the furnace temperature to 715-730 ℃, adding an aluminum alloy refining agent, stirring, refining for 20-30min, and slagging off;
pouring: adopting aluminum-titanium-boron wires to carry out on-line wire feeding and refining, wherein the pouring temperature is 730-735 ℃, and the pouring speed is 75-90mm/min, so as to obtain an aluminum alloy cast rod;
extruding: heating the aluminum alloy cast rod to 485-.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the aluminum alloy ex-trusions that make has remained enough shapeability on the basis of current 6005A brand alloy, has higher percentage elongation, and tensile shock resistance promotes by a wide margin simultaneously. The method is used for manufacturing the solar cell panel of the new energy automobile, and can effectively solve the problem that the solar cell panel of the existing new energy automobile is easy to crack.
Further, the magnesium raw material in the smelting step comprises an aluminum magnesium intermediate alloy and a magnesium ingot; during smelting, firstly, the magnesium-aluminum intermediate alloy, the aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and the aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy are put into a furnace to be smelted together, the smelting temperature is 730-; then, adding magnesium ingots into the smelting furnace, continuously smelting for 25min, and slagging off.
By adopting the technical scheme, the aluminum-magnesium intermediate alloy is added in the smelting process, so that the magnesium element with low content is uniformly distributed in the aluminum alloy to reach the degree close to the designed doping amount; and then, adding magnesium ingots to continue smelting, and adjusting the content of magnesium element to the designed proportioning range, thereby reducing the magnesium content deviation caused by low content of magnesium element and burning loss in the aluminum-magnesium intermediate alloy, and improving the yield of magnesium element.
Further, aluminum alloy refining agent is added for at least 3 times in the refining step; after the aluminum alloy refining agent is added each time, stirring, refining for 20-30min, slagging off, and then adding the aluminum alloy refining agent for the next time.
By adopting the technical scheme, the hydrogen and the oxidation impurities in the aluminum alloy can be effectively reduced, and the defects of air holes, slag inclusion and the like of the aluminum alloy section are reduced. The aluminum alloy refining agent can be selected from common aluminum alloy refining agents sold in the market.
Furthermore, in the refining step, the adding amount of the aluminum alloy refining agent is 0.1-0.2wt% of the weight of the solution in each time.
By adopting the technical scheme, the effect of removing hydrogen and oxidized impurities in the alloy is excellent.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the existing national standard 6005A alloy formula is reasonably adjusted, the content of each element in the alloy is strictly controlled, the fineness and the uniformity of alloy crystal grains are improved, and the generation of coarse crystals in an extrusion forming result is inhibited, so that the improved aluminum alloy section has excellent compression resistance and impact resistance, and a new energy automobile battery tray bottom plate made of the aluminum alloy section is not easy to crack in an impact test; in addition, this application still correspondingly discloses a manufacturing process of improved generation 6005A aluminum alloy ex-trusions.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
an improved 6005A aluminum alloy profile comprises the following chemical components: 0.83wt% of silicon, 0.05wt% of copper, 0.3wt% of manganese, 0.52wt% of magnesium, 0.05wt% of chromium and the balance of aluminum. The specific manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
melting
Weighing aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, magnesium raw material and aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy as raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the magnesium raw material comprises aluminum-magnesium intermediate alloy and magnesium ingot, and the magnesium-aluminum alloy accounts for 90wt% of the weight of the magnesium raw material. When smelting, firstly, charging an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, an aluminum-magnesium intermediate alloy and an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy into a furnace for smelting, and smelting at 730 ℃ for 5 hours; then, adding the weighed magnesium ingot, stirring, continuously smelting for 25min, and slagging off.
(II) refining
Adjusting the temperature of a smelting furnace to 730 ℃, adding an aluminum alloy refining agent 9RF accounting for 0.2 percent of the total raw material mass, refining for 20min, and slagging off; adding the same amount of aluminum alloy refining agent again, refining for 20min, and slagging off; in this example, the operation of "adding an aluminum alloy refining agent-refining-slagging-off" was performed 3 times in total. Aluminum alloy refining agent 9RF used in this example was purchased from Evens (Johnson) Metallurgical materials, Inc.
(III) pouring
And adopting an aluminum-titanium-boron wire to carry out on-line wire feeding and thinning, and pouring at the temperature of 730 ℃ and the speed of 90mm/min to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod.
(IV) extrusion
Heating the aluminum alloy cast rod to 485 ℃, heating the extrusion die to 475 ℃, and extruding and forming to obtain the aluminum alloy section.
Examples 2 to 8:
examples 2-8 all relate to a modified 6005A aluminium alloy profile having the chemical composition shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 chemical composition tables for examples 2-8
The preparation process steps of examples 2 to 8 were the same as those of example 1, except that the process parameters of the respective process steps were different, as shown in table 4,
TABLE 4 Process parameter tables for examples 2-8
The refining agents used in examples 2-8 were all aluminum alloy refining agents 9RF available from Evens (Jones) metallurgy materials, Inc.
And (3) performance testing:
the room temperature tensile mechanical property and the room temperature tensile mechanical property of the welded joint of the aluminum alloy section of each embodiment are respectively tested by referring to GB/T26494-2016 (aluminum alloy extruded section for rail transit vehicle structure), and the experimental results are compared with the performances of the aluminum alloy sections with the mark numbers of 6005A and 6082 specified by the national standard. The results of the experiments are reported in tables 5-6,
TABLE 5 tensile mechanical Properties at Room temperature in examples 1 to 8
TABLE 6 tensile mechanical Properties at Room temperature of welded structures of examples 1-8
From the experimental data of tables 5 and 6, it can be seen that: the improved 6005A aluminum alloy profile has excellent mechanical property, high elongation rate and high processing and forming efficiency, and the tensile strength and the specified non-proportional elongation strength reach the standard of 6082 type aluminum alloy. Meanwhile, test results show that the improved 6005A aluminum alloy section welding structure has excellent room-temperature mechanical property and is suitable for manufacturing new energy automobile battery tray bottom plates.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can modify the embodiments without inventive contribution as required after reading this specification, but only fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an improved generation 6005A aluminum alloy section bar which characterized in that: comprises the following components in percentage by mass,
silicon 0.83-0.87%
0.05 to 0.10 percent of copper
0.30 to 0.40 percent of manganese
0.52 to 0.54 percent of magnesium
0.05 to 0.10 percent of chromium
The balance being aluminum;
the manufacturing process of the improved 6005A aluminum alloy profile comprises the following steps,
smelting: extracting an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, a magnesium raw material, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy according to the proportion, charging into a furnace, smelting at the smelting temperature of 730 ℃ and 750 ℃ for 4-5h, and slagging off;
refining: adjusting the furnace temperature to 715-730 ℃, adding an aluminum alloy refining agent, stirring, refining for 20-30min, and slagging off;
pouring: adopting aluminum-titanium-boron wires to carry out on-line wire feeding and refining, wherein the pouring temperature is 730-735 ℃, and the pouring speed is 75-90mm/min, so as to obtain an aluminum alloy cast rod;
extruding: heating the aluminum alloy cast rod to 485-.
2. The improved 6005A aluminium alloy section bar of claim 1, wherein: the iron with the doping amount larger than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2 percent is also included according to the mass percentage.
3. The improved 6005A aluminium alloy section bar of claim 1, wherein: the zinc alloy also comprises zinc with the doping amount larger than 0 and less than or equal to 0.05 percent by mass percentage.
4. The improved 6005A aluminium alloy section bar of claim 1, wherein: according to the mass percentage, the titanium alloy also comprises titanium with the doping amount larger than 0 and less than or equal to 0.05 percent.
5. The improved 6005A aluminium alloy section production process according to claim 1, wherein: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
smelting: extracting an aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, an aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, a magnesium raw material, an aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and an aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy according to the proportion, charging into a furnace, smelting at the smelting temperature of 730 ℃ and 750 ℃ for 4-5h, and slagging off;
refining: adjusting the furnace temperature to 715-730 ℃, adding an aluminum alloy refining agent, stirring, refining for 20-30min, and slagging off;
pouring: adopting aluminum-titanium-boron wires to carry out on-line wire feeding and refining, wherein the pouring temperature is 730-735 ℃, and the pouring speed is 75-90mm/min, so as to obtain an aluminum alloy cast rod;
extruding: heating the aluminum alloy cast rod to 485-.
6. The improved 6005A aluminium alloy section production process as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the magnesium raw material in the smelting step comprises an aluminum magnesium intermediate alloy and a magnesium ingot; during smelting, firstly, the magnesium-aluminum intermediate alloy, the aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, the aluminum-copper intermediate alloy, the aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy and the aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy are put into a furnace to be smelted together, the smelting temperature is 730-; then, adding magnesium ingots into the smelting furnace, continuously smelting for 25min, and slagging off.
7. The improved 6005A aluminium alloy section production process as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the refining step, aluminum alloy refining agent is added for at least 3 times; after the aluminum alloy refining agent is added each time, stirring, refining for 20-30min, slagging off, and then adding the aluminum alloy refining agent for the next time.
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