CN111302854B - Biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biological fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111302854B CN111302854B CN202010094673.3A CN202010094673A CN111302854B CN 111302854 B CN111302854 B CN 111302854B CN 202010094673 A CN202010094673 A CN 202010094673A CN 111302854 B CN111302854 B CN 111302854B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention relates to a biological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the biological fertilizer consists of macroelements, organic matters and microorganisms, and is characterized in that the microorganisms are electricigens. The electrons generated by the electrogenic bacteria can fix trace elements such as phosphorus, ferrous iron and the like with poor mobility through electron transfer, have wider moving range, increase the contact probability of the phosphorus and the trace elements with the plant root system, facilitate the absorption of the plant root system, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and reduce the occurrence of nutrient deficiency symptoms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a biological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The season utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer is only 10% -25%, and the research progress of system analysis documents shows that the main reason of the low-efficiency utilization of the phosphate fertilizer is the fixation of the soil to phosphorus, the fixation mode comprises adsorption fixation and chemical reaction fixation, and the chemical fixation is mainly HPO4 2—、PO4 3—With Fe3+、Ca2+、Al3+And Mg2+Reacting divalent or trivalent cation to make HPO in ionic state4 2—And PO4 3—Changing into solid state of slightly soluble and insoluble water to remove HPO4 2—And PO4 3—Fixed so that it is not readily or readily absorbed by the plant.
Another reason for the low availability of phosphate fertilizers is the poor mobility of phosphorus in the soil, which is due to the diffusion of phosphorus in the soil, i.e., the diffusion coefficient of phosphorus is small, with a distance of only 1-4mm in 24 hours.
The nutrient elements absorbed by the plant root system mainly depend on two forms, namely active absorption and passive absorption, wherein the active absorbed nutrient substances are in an ionic stateAbsorption, whereas passive absorption includes diffusion, mass flow and interception due to HPO4 2—And PO4 3—Is easy to be adsorbed and fixed by chemical reaction, and destroys PO4 —And the poor mobility of the phosphorus itself, thus resulting in a lower phosphorus utilization.
Currently, methods for increasing phosphorus utilization are used to reduce the addition of divalent and trivalent elements and prevent PO4 3—The calcium and the magnesium are chemical fixation, however, the calcium and the magnesium are indispensable secondary elements of plants, and the zinc, the ferrous iron, the manganese and the copper are indispensable trace elements of the plants, so that the addition of divalent and trivalent elements is reduced, the utilization rate of phosphorus can be improved, but the phytoalexin deficiency is easily caused, and the yield of crops is reduced.
At present, phosphate solubilizing bacteria are also applied to soil to promote dissolution and release of phosphorus in the soil, however, although phosphorus can be partially dissolved, only a small part of phosphorus released by dissolution of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria is still utilized due to the problem of poor mobility of phosphorus, and the effect is not satisfactory.
The utilization rate of the potassium fertilizer is 30% -40%, the main reason of low-efficiency utilization of potassium is that the potassium is fixedly adsorbed by soil, the soil is mostly viscous and has negative charges, and the potassium is positively charged, so that the potassium is easily adsorbed and wrapped by the soil, and the utilization rate of the potassium in the season is low.
The utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is 20% -30%, and the existing method for improving the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer comprises two methods: one is to wrap the fertilizer so as to achieve the purpose of slow release, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved through slow release; the other method is to add a nitrification inhibitor and/or a urease inhibitor, so as to play a role in inhibiting the conversion of amide nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen and/or nitrite state by inhibiting the activity of urease or nitrite bacteria, and finally slow down the conversion of amide nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen, wherein the nitrogen loss is mainly the loss of nitrate nitrogen, because nitrate nitrogen has better fluidity, and the charge of soil is negative charge, and the charge of nitrate nitrogen also has negative charge, so that the nitrogen loss is easy to cause low nitrogen utilization rate. The addition of the nitrification inhibitor can control nitrogen in the soil to be in a mixed nitrogen environment of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen for a long time, so that the loss of nitrogen is reduced, and long-term tests show that the mixed nitrogen soil can better promote the absorption of nitrogen by crops.
After the nutrient substances are reduced and fixed, if the nutrient substances cannot be quickly absorbed by the root system, the nutrient substances may run off along with water, and the effect of improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer still cannot be achieved.
At present, no product capable of improving poor phosphorus mobility, reducing fixation of potassium, zinc, ferrous iron, manganese and copper, reducing loss of nitrogen, causing no deficiency disease and improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a biological fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which solve the technical problems of 1) improving the problems of easy fixation of phosphorus and poor mobility; 2) reduce the occurrence of nutrient deficiency and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a biofertilizer comprises macroelements, organic matters and microorganisms, wherein the microorganisms are electricigens.
The macroelements are one or more of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate; the organic matter is one or more of humic acid, potassium humate, mushroom residue, furfural residue and potassium fulvate; the electrogenesis bacteria are one of anaerobes or facultative anaerobes or two of anaerobes in any proportion.
The electrogenic bacteria are one or two of Geobacter and Shewanella in any proportion.
Acid-producing bacteria are also included.
The acid-producing bacteria also produce carbon dioxide.
The acid-producing bacteria are one or two of anaerobic bacteria or facultative anaerobic bacteria in any proportion.
A preparation method of a biological fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly mixing macroelements, organic matters and microorganisms according to the mass ratio of 1-95.99: 1-98.99: 0.01-4 to obtain the biological fertilizer;
also includes granulation.
The granulation temperature is lower than 85 ℃.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the application can improve H by adding the electrogenesis bacteria which generate electron current2PO4 —、HPO4 2—And PO4 3—Is moved by H2PO4 —、HPO4 2—And PO4 3—Is more easily and actively absorbed by the root system of the plant.
2. Acid-producing bacteria and electricity-producing bacteria are added, organic acid produced by the acid-producing bacteria is used as an electron donor of the electricity-producing bacteria, and produced carbon dioxide is used as an electron acceptor of the electricity-producing bacteria, so that electron current is formed in soil to drive H2PO4 —、HPO4 2—And PO4 3—Move, H2PO4 —、HPO4 2—And PO4 3—Has a larger moving range, and is more easily absorbed by plants so as to improve the utilization rate of phosphorus.
3. The electricity-generating bacteria and the acid-generating bacteria in the application are anaerobic bacteria, and the anaerobic respiration process is a biological process in which protons and electrons removed in the oxidation process of the substrate are transferred to an inorganic oxide and other exogenous electron acceptors through a series of electron transfer. According to the difference of final electron acceptors, the method is divided into nitrate respiration, sulfate respiration, carbonate respiration and fumaric respiration. In the presence of nitrate nitrogen in the soil, NO3 -As electron acceptor, NO3 -Performing reduction reaction to reduce to NO2 -And NH4 +NO which has good fluidity and is easy to run off3 -Is converted into NH which is not easy to lose4 +The nitrogen in the soil is in a nitrogen mixing state, thereby being more beneficial to the absorption of crops, improving the utilization rate of the nitrogen and promoting K in the electron transfer process+、H2PO4 —、HPO4 2—And PO4 3—Ionization and movement of the fertilizer, improving the utilization of the fertilizerAnd (4) rate.
Lack of NO in soil environment3 -In the method, the acid-producing bacteria utilize byproduct carbon dioxide to complete electron transfer, organic acid produced by the acid-producing bacteria provides an electron donor for the acid-producing bacteria under an anaerobic condition, and the produced carbon dioxide is used as an electron acceptor, so that transfer of protons and electrons produced in the oxidation process of the organic acid is completed, and K is promoted in the whole electron transfer process+、H2PO4 —、HPO4 2—And PO4 3—The ionization and the movement of the fertilizer can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer.
4. The acid-producing bacteria also produce carbon dioxide, so that divalent salt and trivalent salt of phosphate are converted into slightly soluble substances from insoluble substances, ionization is realized, the movement of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and manganese which are not easy to move is promoted under the drive of electron current, and the absorption of plant roots is facilitated, so that (Ca)3(PO4)2The reaction is as follows: 2CO2+2H2O+(Ca)3(PO4)2(insoluble) - - - -Ca (HCO)3)2(sparingly soluble) +2CaHPO4(sparingly soluble), CaHPO4---Ca2++HPO4 2-Thereby promoting the utilization rate of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and manganese.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view of a corn root system of example 3 of the present application;
fig. 2 is a view of the corn root system of example 1 of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A biofertilizer comprises macroelements, organic matters and microorganisms, wherein the microorganisms are electricigens.
The macroelements are a composition of urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to a mass ratio of 1:5:2: 1; the organic matter is a composition of potassium humate, mushroom residue and potassium fulvate according to a mass ratio of 1:1: 2; the electrogenic bacteria are Geobacter, purchased from North Nam under the name of ATCC51573, and named PCA.
A preparation method of a biological fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly mixing macroelements, organic matters and microorganisms according to the mass ratio of 50:49.5:0.5, and then extruding and granulating to obtain the biological fertilizer.
Example 2
A biological fertilizer comprises macroelements, organic substances, electricity-producing bacteria and acid-producing bacteria.
The macroelements are a composition of urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to a mass ratio of 1:5:2: 1; the organic matter is a composition of potassium humate, mushroom residue and potassium fulvate according to a mass ratio of 1:1: 2; the electrogenic bacteria are Geobacter, purchased from North Nam under the name of ATCC51573, and named PCA.
The acid-producing bacteria are lactic acid bacteria, specifically animal bifidobacteria, purchased from China center for culture collection and management of industrial microorganisms, and are numbered as CICC 21711.
A preparation method of a biological fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly mixing macroelements, organic matters, electricity generating bacteria and acid generating bacteria according to the mass ratio of 50:49:0.5:0.5, and then extruding and granulating to obtain the biological fertilizer.
Example 3
A biological fertilizer comprises macroelements, organic substances, electricity-producing bacteria and acid-producing bacteria.
The macroelements are a composition of urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to a mass ratio of 1:5:2: 1; the organic matter is a composition of potassium humate, mushroom residue and potassium fulvate according to a mass ratio of 1:1: 2; the electrogenic bacteria are Geobacter, purchased from North Nam under the name of ATCC51573, and named PCA.
The acid-producing bacteria are clostridium swellfun, produce acetic acid, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, are purchased from China industrial microorganism strain preservation management center and are numbered as CICC 10730.
A preparation method of a biological fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly mixing macroelements, organic matters, electricity generating bacteria and acid generating bacteria according to the mass ratio of 50:49:0.5:0.5, and then extruding and granulating to obtain the biological fertilizer.
Example 4
A biological fertilizer comprises macroelements, organic substances, electricity-producing bacteria and acid-producing bacteria.
The macroelement is a composition of urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate according to a mass ratio of 2:1:3: 4; the organic matter is a composition of furfural residue and potassium fulvate according to a mass ratio of 1: 2; the electrogenic bacteria are Shewanella, purchased from North Nah Bio with the number BNCC198906 and named Shewanella.
The acid-producing bacteria are clostridium termiticum, produce acetic acid, hydrogen and carbon dioxide, are purchased from bantam, and have the number of BNCC 220761.
A preparation method of a biological fertilizer comprises the step of uniformly mixing macroelements, organic matters, electricity-producing bacteria and acid-producing bacteria according to the mass ratio of 20:79.2:0.3:0.5 to obtain the biological fertilizer.
Example 5
A biofertilizer comprises macroelements, organic matters and microorganisms, wherein the microorganisms are electricigens.
The macroelements are a composition of urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate according to a mass ratio of 5:1:2: 1; the organic matter is a composition of potassium humate, mushroom residue and potassium fulvate according to a mass ratio of 1:1: 2; the electrogenic bacteria are a composition of PCA and SZ according to the mass ratio of 2:1, and the PCA is purchased from Beina organism with the number of ATCC 51573; SZ was purchased from North Nah Bio-number ATCCBA-1511.
A preparation method of a biological fertilizer comprises the step of uniformly mixing macroelements, organic matters and microorganisms according to the mass ratio of 75:24.8:0.2 to obtain the biological fertilizer.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are further illustrated below in conjunction with experimental data:
test material
1, materials and methods:
1.1 test site: sailan county guanzhen ming xingxu.
1.2 test detection: the soil condition of the experimental field, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in each 100g of grains and the yield of the corn.
1.3 test materials: comparative example 1 (preparation method was identical to example 2 except that the added microorganism was Bacillus subtilis), example 1, example 2 and example 3.
1.4 Experimental methods:
the test field takes 8 mu fields with similar land conditions, and every two mu fields are taken as a group. Corn seeds of 2.3kg are sown per mu by mechanical sowing, the corn seeds are golden ears of No. 3, and each group adopts comparison 1 (except that the added microorganism is bacillus subtilis, the other preparation methods are the same as those of example 2), example 1, example 2 and example 3 as base fertilizers and base fertilizers of 50 kg/mu.
1.5 detection method: the soil nutrient status was measured by a method shown in "third edition of soil agro-chemical analysis", published by the chinese agricultural press, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in corn were detected by kjeldahl method, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and flame photometry.
The experiment was conducted in a consistent manner except for the different experimental treatments.
2 results and analysis
The soil conditions are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
The corn grain per 100g and the average yield detection data are shown in Table 2
TABLE 2
| Nitrogen (mg) | Phosphorus (mg) | Potassium (mg) | Average yield (kg/mu) | |
| Comparative example 1 | 1079.3 | 111.3 | 276.5 | 684.5 |
| Example 1 | 1088.6 | 116.6 | 279.4 | 693.2 |
| Example 2 | 1094.3 | 118.4 | 281.8 | 705.3 |
| Example 3 | 1096.3 | 121.3 | 283.5 | 721.6 |
As can be seen from the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the corn in the table 2, the bacillus subtilis is added in the comparison 1, the electrogenic bacteria are used in the embodiment 1, and finally, the nitrogen in each 100g of corn grains is increased by 9.3mg, the phosphorus is increased by 5.3mg, the potassium is increased by 2.9mg, and the yield is increased by 8.7 kg/mu in the embodiment 1 compared with the comparison 1.
As can be seen from the data of the example 1 and the example 2 in the table 2, the nitrogen content is increased by 5.7mg, the phosphorus content is increased by 1.8mg, the potassium content is increased by 2.4mg, and the yield is increased by 12.1 kg/mu in the example 2 with the addition of the electrogenic bacteria and the acid-producing bacteria compared with the example 1 with the addition of the electrogenic bacteria only.
As can be seen from the data of the example 2 and the example 3 in the table 2, the nitrogen content, the phosphorus content, the potassium content, and the yield of the corn grain of each 100g of the corn grain of the example 3 added with the electricity-producing bacteria and the acid-producing bacteria (by-product carbon dioxide) are increased by 2.0mg, 2.9mg, 1.7mg, and 16.3 kg/mu, respectively, compared with the example 2 added with the electricity-producing bacteria and the acid-producing bacteria (lactic acid bacteria, without by-product carbon dioxide), so that the fertilizer utilization rate and the yield can be further improved by matching the electricity-producing bacteria and the acid-producing bacteria (by-product carbon dioxide).
Comparing fig. 1 and fig. 2, it can be seen that, compared with example 1 in which only the electricity generating bacteria are added, in example 3 in which the combination of the electricity generating bacteria and the acid generating bacteria is adopted, the number of fibrous roots is increased, the total area of the root system is increased, the probability of contact between the root system and the nutrient is increased, and the application can promote the growth of the fibrous roots and is beneficial to the absorption of the nutrient by the plant.
Claims (5)
1. A biological fertilizer consists of macroelements, organic matters and microorganisms, and is characterized in that the microorganisms are electricity-producing bacteria and acid-producing bacteria;
the macroelements are one or more of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate; the organic matter is one or more of humic acid, potassium humate, mushroom residue, furfural residue and potassium fulvate; the electrogenesis bacteria are one or two of anaerobes or facultative anaerobes in any proportion;
the electrogenic bacteria are one or two of Geobacter and Shewanella in any proportion;
the acid-producing bacteria are one or two of anaerobic bacteria or facultative anaerobic bacteria in any proportion;
the mass ratio of the macroelements, the organic matters and the microorganisms is 1-95.99: 1-98.99: 0.01-4.
2. The biological fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein said acid-producing bacteria also produce carbon dioxide.
3. The preparation method of the biofertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the biofertilizer is obtained by uniformly mixing macroelements, organic matters and microorganisms according to a mass ratio of 1-95.99: 1-98.99: 0.01-4.
4. The method of producing a biofertilizer according to claim 3, further comprising granulating.
5. A process for the preparation of a biological fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that the granulation temperature is lower than 85 ℃.
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| CN111789016B (en) * | 2020-08-01 | 2022-03-29 | 湖南特沃斯生态科技股份有限公司 | Cultivation medium for improving fertilizer utilization rate and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN107099480A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-08-29 | 沈阳农业大学 | A kind of method for preparing chicken blood liquid fertilizer of fermenting |
| CN108276228A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-07-13 | 航天凯天环保科技股份有限公司 | One kind being used for the fertilizer and preparation method thereof of Cr (VI) contaminated soil remediations and improvement |
| CN108558530A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-09-21 | 烟台华知知识产权服务有限公司 | A kind of bio-feritlizer and its preparation and application |
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