CN111302755A - Composite building waterproof heat-insulating material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Composite building waterproof heat-insulating material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111302755A
CN111302755A CN202010252948.1A CN202010252948A CN111302755A CN 111302755 A CN111302755 A CN 111302755A CN 202010252948 A CN202010252948 A CN 202010252948A CN 111302755 A CN111302755 A CN 111302755A
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heat
parts
waterproof
insulating material
nano ceramic
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CN111302755B (en
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张家旸
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Heilongjiang Wendun Building Energy Saving Technology Co ltd
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Zhejiang Ni Ruan New Material Co Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
    • E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
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    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
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    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/30—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Other silicon-containing organic compounds; Boron-organic compounds
    • C04B26/32—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Other silicon-containing organic compounds; Boron-organic compounds containing silicon
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    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
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    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
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    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
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    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
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    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite building waterproof heat-insulating material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite building waterproof heat-insulating material consists of an upper waterproof layer, a lower waterproof layer and a middle nano ceramic hypha heat-insulating layer, wherein the waterproof layers consist of the following substances in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of expanded perlite, 20-30 parts of sodium methyl silicate and 10-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol; the nano ceramic hypha heat insulation layer is composed of the following substances in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of hypha, 30-50 parts of limestone, 15-25 parts of nano ceramic particles and 50-80 parts of straw. The nano ceramic hypha heat-insulating layer is formed by coating the limestone and the nano ceramic particles with hypha, has a structure similar to a shell structure, has the characteristics of improving the strength, hardness, high temperature resistance, hydrophobicity and the like of the material, and can obviously improve the heat-insulating and waterproof performance of the composite building waterproof heat-insulating material. The composite building waterproof heat-insulating material has the characteristics of heat preservation, heat insulation, sound insulation, light weight, water resistance, energy conservation, environmental protection and high strength.

Description

Composite building waterproof heat-insulating material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building material production, in particular to a composite building waterproof heat-insulating material and a preparation method thereof.
Technical Field
Along with the continuous improvement of the life quality of people, the waterproof and heat-insulating material for buildings plays an increasingly important role in the field of buildings, such as roof water leakage, water leakage in indoor kitchens, external wall plastering crack leakage, and hair growth caused by wall dewing and moisture, which seriously affect the normal life and production activities of people, the occurrence of leakage phenomenon can directly harm the internal structure of the buildings to influence the service life of the buildings, meanwhile, the heat-insulating material develops quickly, and particularly, good heat-insulating technology and materials are adopted in industry and buildings to often achieve the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort, although the existing heat-insulating material in the industry can achieve the purposes of water prevention and heat insulation to a certain extent, a plurality of problems exist in fire resistance and strength, the problems of poor fire resistance and insufficient strength often plague technical personnel in the industry, if the fire resistance and the strength are improved, often the requirements of water resistance and heat preservation cannot be met.
The existing building material has poor waterproof performance, the condition of water seepage of the building material occurs in the process of long-time rain and wet water of a building outer wall, meanwhile, the heat preservation and insulation effect is poor, the long-time isolation of the external temperature cannot be realized, the improvement on the building material components cannot be realized to enhance the waterproof and heat preservation performance, the improvement on the manufacturing method of the building material cannot be realized, the purpose of enabling the building material to well preserve heat by mixing expansion gas in the building material cannot be achieved, the normal long-time use of the waterproof and heat preservation building material by people cannot be ensured, and therefore, the great inconvenience is brought to the use of the waterproof and heat preservation building material by people.
In patent CN103171823B, mycelium and rice husk charcoal are reported as heat insulating materials of fillers, however, the mechanical strength of the materials is poor. And the mycelium biomass material has the characteristic of natural degradation, and the research based on the characteristic is also the basic premise for ensuring the use durability and the practical application of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a composite building waterproof heat-insulating material which comprises an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer are waterproof layers, and the middle layer is a nano ceramic hypha heat-insulating layer.
Preferably, the waterproof layer is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight:
50-60 parts of expanded perlite, namely,
20-30 parts of sodium methyl silicate,
10-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.
Preferably, the nano ceramic hypha heat insulation layer is prepared from the following materials in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002436150000000021
hypha is a biomass material widely existing in nature, and solves the problem of limitation of application of biomass in the field of building materials.
Preferably, the particle size of the nano ceramic particles is 20-80 nm.
Preferably, the straw comprises at least one of wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw.
Preferably, the mycelium includes at least one of penicillium mycelium, shiitake mycelium, and mushroom mycelium.
Preferably, the nano ceramic hypha heat-insulating layer is prepared by the following steps:
1) crushing limestone and screening particles of 20-50 meshes; pulverizing wheat straw, and sieving to obtain 10-20 mesh granules.
2) Preparing a culture material: uniformly dispersing limestone powder and nano ceramic particles in water, adding the wheat straw powder under stirring, and adjusting the water content and the pH value in the culture raw materials.
3) And (3) sterilization treatment: sterilizing the culture material.
4) Inoculating and culturing: mixing the mycelium and sterilized culture material, placing into a mold, and culturing in sterile room under suitable conditions for 17 days.
5) Drying a sample: and (3) after hyphae grow in the mold, taking out the sample, and drying at 90 ℃ to obtain the nano ceramic hyphae heat-insulating layer.
The hyphae are used for coating limestone and nano ceramic particles to form a structure similar to a shell structure, so that a complex and changeable composite material can be formed between organic matters in the hyphae and the limestone and the nano ceramic particles.
A preparation method of the composite building waterproof heat-insulating material comprises the following steps:
1) 50-60 parts of expanded perlite and 20-30 parts of sodium methyl silicate are placed in a container to be stirred, 10-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol is added after stirring for 2 hours, and stirring is continued to be carried out to ensure that the materials are uniformly mixed, wherein the rotating speed is 120 r/min.
2) Pouring the mixture into a mold, adding a nano ceramic hypha thermal insulation layer, then pouring the mixture obtained in the step 1), and pressing the mixture to a required height by a tablet machine under a constant pressure condition to preliminarily form the composite building waterproof thermal insulation material.
3) Taking the preliminarily molded composite building waterproof and heat-insulating material obtained in the step 2) out of the mold, and drying the material in a vacuum drying oven at 200 ℃ for 48 hours to ensure that the material has sufficient mechanical strength and appearance quality.
4) Taking out the product, and curing for ten days at normal temperature to obtain the required composite building waterproof heat-insulating material.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the nano ceramic particles have the characteristics of improving the strength, hardness, high temperature resistance, hydrophobicity and the like of the material; limestone has the characteristic of chemical corrosion resistance; when the substances are uniformly dispersed in the material, the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the composite building waterproof heat-insulating material can be obviously improved. The expanded perlite has low thermal conductivity coefficient, and is a preferred material for the thermal insulation material. The nano ceramic hypha heat-insulating layer is formed by coating hypha on limestone and nano ceramic particles, so that a structure similar to a shell structure is formed, and a complex and changeable composite material can be formed among organic matters in the hypha, the limestone and the nano ceramic particles. Through being as for the intermediate level with nanometer ceramic hypha insulating layer, use methyl sodium silicate to be used for the gluing agent, get rid of the air in the material space after the tablet press pressfitting, can effectively prolong the degradation time of mycelium. The nano ceramic hypha heat-insulating layer and the waterproof layer have synergistic effect, and the heat-insulating and waterproof performance of the composite building waterproof heat-insulating material can be obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of examples 1 to 4.
In the figure: 1 and 3 are waterproof layers; 2 is a nano ceramic hypha heat insulation layer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the drawings and the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A composite waterproof and heat-insulating material for building is composed of upper, middle and lower layers, which are waterproof layers and middle layer is a nano ceramic hypha heat-insulating layer.
The waterproof layer is prepared from the following substances in parts by weight:
60kg of expanded perlite
30kg of sodium methyl silicate
Polyvinyl alcohol 20kg
The hypha heat-insulating layer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002436150000000031
Figure BDA0002436150000000041
the particle size of the nano ceramic particles is 20 nm.
The nano ceramic hypha heat insulation layer is prepared by the following steps:
1) 50kg of limestone is crushed and 20-mesh particles are screened; 80kg of wheat straw is crushed and screened to obtain 10-mesh granules.
2) Preparing a culture material: uniformly dispersing limestone powder and 25kg of nano ceramic particles in water, adding the wheat straw powder under stirring, and adjusting the water content and the pH value in the culture raw materials.
3) And (3) sterilization treatment: sterilizing the culture material.
4) Inoculating and culturing: mixing 8kg hypha and sterilized culture material, placing into mold, and culturing in sterile room under suitable conditions for 17 days.
5) Drying a sample: and (3) after hyphae grow in the mold, taking out the sample, and drying at 90 ℃ to obtain the nano ceramic hyphae heat-insulating layer.
A manufacturing method of a composite building waterproof heat-insulating material specifically comprises the following steps:
1) 60kg of expanded perlite and 30kg of sodium methylsilicate are placed in a container and stirred, 20kg of polyvinyl alcohol is added after stirring for 2 hours, and stirring is continued to uniformly mix the expanded perlite and the sodium methylsilicate at the rotating speed of 120 r/min.
2) Pouring the mixture into a mould, adding a nano ceramic hypha interlayer, then pouring the mixture obtained in the step 1), and pressing the mixture to a required height by a tablet press under a constant pressure condition to preliminarily form the composite building waterproof and heat-insulating material.
3) Taking the preliminarily molded composite building waterproof and heat-insulating material obtained in the step 2) out of the mold, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 200 ℃ to ensure that the material has sufficient mechanical strength and appearance quality.
4) Taking out the product, and curing for ten days at normal temperature to obtain the required composite building waterproof heat-insulating material.
Example 2
A composite waterproof and heat-insulating material for building is composed of upper, middle and lower layers, which are waterproof layers and middle layer is a nano ceramic hypha heat-insulating layer.
The waterproof layer is prepared from the following substances in parts by weight:
57kg of expanded perlite
28kg of sodium methylsilicate
17kg of polyvinyl alcohol
The hypha heat-insulating layer is prepared from the following substances in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002436150000000051
the particle size of the nano ceramic particles is 30 nm.
The nano ceramic hypha heat insulation layer is prepared by the following steps:
1) 45kg of limestone is crushed and 30-mesh particles are screened; 70kg of wheat straw is crushed and screened to obtain 10-mesh granules.
2) Preparing a culture material: uniformly dispersing limestone powder and 23kg of nano ceramic particles in water, adding the wheat straw powder under stirring, and adjusting the water content and the pH value in the culture raw materials.
3) And (3) sterilization treatment: sterilizing the culture material.
4) Inoculating and culturing: mixing 7kg hypha and sterilized culture material, placing into mold, and culturing in sterile room under suitable conditions for 17 days.
5) Drying a sample: and (3) after hyphae grow in the mold, taking out the sample, and drying at 90 ℃ to obtain the nano ceramic hyphae heat-insulating layer.
The manufacturing method of the composite building waterproof heat-insulating material specifically comprises the following steps:
1) 57kg of expanded perlite and 28kg of sodium methylsilicate were stirred in a vessel, and after stirring for 2 hours 17kg of polyvinyl alcohol were added and stirring was continued to mix them homogeneously. The rotating speed is 120 r/min.
2) Pouring the mixture into a mould, adding a nano ceramic hypha interlayer, then pouring the mixture obtained in the step 1), and pressing the mixture to a required height by a tablet press under a constant pressure condition to preliminarily form the composite building waterproof and heat-insulating material.
3) Taking the preliminarily molded composite building waterproof and heat-insulating material obtained in the step 2) out of the mold, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 200 ℃ to ensure that the material has sufficient mechanical strength and appearance quality.
Taking out the product, and curing for about ten days at normal temperature to obtain the required composite building waterproof heat-insulating material.
Example 3
A composite waterproof and heat-insulating material for building is composed of upper, middle and lower layers, which are waterproof layers and middle layer is a nano ceramic hypha heat-insulating layer.
The waterproof layer consists of the following substances in parts by weight:
55kg of expanded perlite
Sodium methyl silicate 25kg
15kg of polyvinyl alcohol
The hypha heat-insulating layer is composed of the following substances in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002436150000000061
the particle size of the nano ceramic particles is 50 nm.
The nano ceramic hypha heat insulation layer is prepared by the following steps:
1) 40kg of limestone is crushed and 35-mesh particles are screened; 65kg of wheat straw is crushed and 10-mesh granules are screened out.
2) Preparing a culture material: uniformly dispersing limestone powder and 20kg of nano ceramic particles in water, adding the wheat straw powder under stirring, and adjusting the water content and the pH value in the culture raw materials.
3) And (3) sterilization treatment: sterilizing the culture material.
4) Inoculating and culturing: mixing 7kg hypha and sterilized culture material, placing into mold, and culturing in sterile room under suitable conditions for 17 days.
5) Drying a sample: and (3) after hyphae grow in the mold, taking out the sample, and drying at 90 ℃ to obtain the nano ceramic hyphae heat-insulating layer.
The manufacturing method of the composite building waterproof heat-insulating material specifically comprises the following steps:
1) 55kg of expanded perlite and 25kg of sodium methylsilicate are placed in a vessel and stirred, after stirring for 2 hours, 15kg of polyvinyl alcohol is added, and stirring is continued to mix them uniformly. The rotating speed is 120 r/min.
2) Pouring the mixture into a mould, adding a nano ceramic hypha interlayer, then pouring the mixture obtained in the step 1), and pressing the mixture to a required height by a tablet press under a constant pressure condition to preliminarily form the composite building waterproof and heat-insulating material.
3) Taking the preliminarily molded composite building waterproof and heat-insulating material obtained in the step 2) out of the mold, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 200 ℃ to ensure that the material has sufficient mechanical strength and appearance quality.
4) Taking out the product, and curing for about ten days at normal temperature to obtain the required composite building waterproof heat-insulating material.
Example 4
The invention provides a composite building waterproof heat-insulating material which consists of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer and the lower layer are waterproof layers, and the middle layer is a nano ceramic hypha heat-insulating layer.
The waterproof layer consists of the following substances in parts by weight:
50kg of expanded perlite
Sodium methyl silicate 20kg
Polyvinyl alcohol 10kg
The hypha heat-insulating layer is composed of the following substances in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002436150000000071
the particle size of the nano ceramic particles is 20 nm.
The nano ceramic hypha heat insulation layer is prepared by the following steps:
1) 30kg of limestone is crushed and screened to obtain 50-mesh particles; 80kg of wheat straw is crushed and screened to obtain 20-mesh granules.
2) Preparing a culture material: uniformly dispersing limestone powder and 15kg of nano ceramic particles in water, adding the wheat straw powder under stirring, and adjusting the water content and the pH value in the culture raw materials.
3) And (3) sterilization treatment: sterilizing the culture material.
4) Inoculating and culturing: 5kg of hyphae and the sterilized culture raw materials are uniformly mixed, loaded into a mold and placed into a sterile room under proper conditions for culture for 17 days.
5) Drying a sample: and (3) after hyphae grow in the mold, taking out the sample, and drying at 90 ℃ to obtain the nano ceramic hyphae heat-insulating layer.
The manufacturing method of the composite building waterproof heat-insulating material specifically comprises the following steps:
1) 50kg of expanded perlite and 20kg of sodium methylsilicate were placed in a vessel and stirred for 2 hours, then 10kg of polyvinyl alcohol was added and stirring was continued to mix them uniformly. The rotating speed is 120 r/min.
2) Pouring the mixture into a mould, adding a nano ceramic hypha interlayer, then pouring the mixture obtained in the step 1), and pressing the mixture to a required height by a tablet press under a constant pressure condition to preliminarily form the composite building waterproof and heat-insulating material.
3) Taking the preliminarily molded composite building waterproof and heat-insulating material obtained in the step 2) out of the mold, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 200 ℃ to ensure that the material has sufficient mechanical strength and appearance quality.
4) Taking out the product, and curing for about ten days at normal temperature to obtain the required composite building waterproof heat-insulating material.
The composite waterproof and heat-insulating building material prepared in the embodiments 1 to 4 is subjected to heat conductivity coefficient measurement and water absorption measurement respectively, and the specific method is as follows:
thermal conductivity measurement:
the heat conductivity of the heat-insulating material is measured by using a DD300F-D30 type heat conductivity tester, and a circuit built in the tester heats a hot plate, a protective plate and a back plate according to the requirements of an experiment under the control of a computer program. The temperature is measured by temperature sensors built in the cold plate, the hot plate, the guard plate and the back plate under the control of a program. The temperature measurement is completed by 8 temperature sensors, including two hot plate temperature sensors, two guard plate temperature sensors, two back plate temperature sensors and two cold plate temperature sensors. The temperature sensor adopts high-precision Ptl00, and the sensor has the advantages of good stability, high precision, wide measuring range, good linearity and the like. The temperature sensor converts the temperature signal into an electric signal, the electric signal is amplified and transmitted to the signal acquisition card, and the signal acquisition card converts the analog signal into a digital signal and then receives the digital signal by the computer. The computer stores, processes, displays and outputs the signals, thus forming a complete and automatic measurement and control system for the whole instrument. The determination steps are as follows:
(1) an inorganic wall thermal insulation material product with the surface area of 300x300 ITlln2 and the thickness of 25mm is manufactured by using the composite building waterproof thermal insulation material;
(2) opening a left front door, opening an upper cover of the low-temperature tank, confirming that the liquid level of a liquid medium cannot be lower than the upper cover by 10mm, closing the front door, sequentially pressing a 'host power supply', 'starting' a 'water bath fan', starting a computer, namely opening an instrument, and adjusting the temperature of a cold water bath pot to be 15 ℃ and the temperature of a hot water bath pot to be 35 ℃;
(3) opening the sample chamber, placing the goods in it, pressing "cold drawing advances" button, later pressing "pressurize" button again, then upwards lifting the heat preservation door of sample chamber, the hasp of lock both sides:
(4) double-clicking a 'heat conductivity coefficient determination program' on a desktop, then clicking 'conventional measurement' to enter an operation interface, firstly performing 'thickness measurement', clicking 'quit' after a sample thickness value is stable, and clicking 'confirm' button to start measurement after setting experiment initial value information:
(5) and automatically storing the result after the experiment is finished, storing a group of sampling data every 10s, collecting 20 groups of data in total, and taking the average value of the 20 groups of data to be the thermal conductivity coefficient value of the sample.
(II) Water absorption measurement:
(1) placing the heat-insulating material in an electric heating air blast drying box, drying the heat-insulating material to constant mass at 383K +/-5K (110 +/-5 ℃), wherein the criterion of constant mass is constant temperature for 3 hours, the change rate of the mass of the heat-insulating material weighed twice is less than 0.2%, and then moving the heat-insulating material to a dryer to cool the heat-insulating material to room temperature;
(2) weighing the dried heat-insulating material with the mass G1 to be accurate to 0.1G;
(3) placing the heat-insulating material on a wooden grid at the bottom of the water tank, wherein the distance between the product and the periphery and the distance between the product and the test piece are not less than 25mm, then adding another grid on the product, and adding a heavy object to avoid floating;
(4) adding tap water with the temperature of about 20 ℃ into the product by 25mm, and soaking for 2 h;
(5) after 2h the product was taken out and immediately placed on a dry towel and drained for 10 min. And then absorbing water on the surface of the product by using foam plastics, wherein the water absorption of each surface is controlled to be about 1min, and each surface absorbs water twice.
(6) The insulation was then weighed to the nearest 0.1G mass G2.
(7) And (4) calculating and evaluating results: the density of the heat-insulating material is calculated according to the formula, and the mass water absorption is the arithmetic mean of the densities of three products. The results were accurate to 0.1%:
Figure BDA0002436150000000091
in the formula:
w' - -mass water absorption of the insulation material,%;
g2- -wet mass of the insulation material after immersion in water, G;
g1- -dry mass of the insulation material before immersion in water, G.
(III) determination of compressive strength:
(1) placing the heat-insulating material in an electric heating air blast drying oven, drying at 383K +/-5K (110 +/-5 ℃) until the mass is constant, wherein the constant mass criterion is that after the constant temperature is 3 hours, the change rate of the mass of the product weighed twice is less than 0.2%, and then transferring the product to a dryer to cool to the room temperature;
(2) measuring the thickness of the heat insulation material by using a straight steel ruler, accurately measuring the thickness to 1mm, calculating the thickness value of 5% of the product, then placing the heat insulation material on a pressure bearing plate of a universal testing machine, and placing the product right below the pressure bearing plate of the universal testing machine;
(3) starting the universal testing machine, starting program pressurization when the upper pressing plate is contacted with the surface of the heat insulation material, increasing the load on the product at the pressurization speed of about 10mm/min, and recording the pressure value P at the moment when the product is compressed downwards by 5% of the thickness of the product to be accurate to 10N.
The compressive strength of the heat-insulating material is calculated according to the formula (1), the compressive strength of the product is the arithmetic average of the compressive strengths of three products, and the compressive strength is accurate to 0.01 MPa:
Figure BDA0002436150000000101
in the formula: sigma-compressive strength of the thermal insulation material, MPa;
p-the destructive load of the thermal insulation material, N;
s- -area under pressure of thermal insulation material, mm2。
(IV) the experimental process of the seepage resistance pressure test is as follows: firstly, the waterproof heat-insulating material plate is horizontally placed on a rack in sequence, then four water spray guns are used for spraying the waterproof heat-insulating material plate from top to bottom under the same water pressure, the spraying is stopped after 1-2h, and then the spraying area of the waterproof heat-insulating material plate is cut to measure the water seepage depth.
The fire performance of the samples was measured according to the method of standard GB/T8625-.
The sound absorption of the samples was measured according to the method of standard GB/T19889.7-2005.
The performance test results of the composite waterproof and heat-insulating building materials obtained in examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 results of performance testing of examples 1-4
Figure BDA0002436150000000102
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a waterproof insulation material of compound building which characterized in that: consists of an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer:
the upper layer and the lower layer are waterproof layers;
the middle layer is a nano ceramic hypha heat insulation layer.
2. The composite building waterproof and heat-insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the nano ceramic hypha heat insulation layer is prepared from the following substances in parts by weight:
Figure FDA0002436149990000011
3. the composite building waterproof and heat-insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the waterproof layer is prepared from the following substances in parts by weight:
50-60 parts of expanded perlite, namely,
20-30 parts of sodium methyl silicate,
10-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.
4. The composite building waterproof and thermal insulation material as claimed in claim 1 and claim 2, wherein: the nano ceramic hypha heat insulation layer is prepared by the following steps:
1) crushing limestone and screening particles of 20-50 meshes; crushing straws, and screening 10-20 mesh particles;
2) preparing a culture material: uniformly dispersing limestone powder and nano ceramic particles in water, adding straw powder under stirring, and adjusting the water content and the pH value in the culture raw materials;
3) and (3) sterilization treatment: sterilizing the culture raw materials;
4) inoculating and culturing: mixing the mycelium with sterilized culture material, placing into a mold, and culturing in a sterile room under suitable conditions for 17 days;
5) drying a sample: and (3) after hyphae grow in the mold, taking out the sample, and drying at 90 ℃ to obtain the nano ceramic hyphae heat-insulating layer.
5. The preparation method of the composite building waterproof and heat-insulating material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) 50-60 parts of expanded perlite and 20-30 parts of sodium methyl silicate are placed in a container to be stirred, 10-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol is added after stirring for 2 hours, and stirring is continued to be carried out to ensure that the expanded perlite and the sodium methyl silicate are uniformly mixed, wherein the rotating speed is 120 r/min;
2) pouring the mixture into a mold, adding a nano ceramic hypha thermal insulation layer, then pouring the mixture obtained in the step 1), and pressing the mixture to a required height by a tablet press under a constant pressure condition to preliminarily form the composite building waterproof thermal insulation material;
3) taking the preliminarily molded composite building waterproof and heat-insulating material in the step 2) out of the mold, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 200 ℃ for 48 hours.
4) Taking out the product, and curing for ten days at normal temperature to obtain the required composite building waterproof heat-insulating material.
6. According to claims 1-5, characterized in that: the particle size of the nano ceramic particles is 20-80 nm.
7. According to claims 1-5, characterized in that: the straw is at least one of wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw.
8. The preparation method of the composite building waterproof and heat-insulating material according to claim 5, characterized in that: the mycelium is at least one of Penicillium mycelium, Lentinus Edodes mycelium or Agaricus campestris mycelium.
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