CN111302421B - Seawater desalination device and working method thereof - Google Patents

Seawater desalination device and working method thereof Download PDF

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CN111302421B
CN111302421B CN202010139765.9A CN202010139765A CN111302421B CN 111302421 B CN111302421 B CN 111302421B CN 202010139765 A CN202010139765 A CN 202010139765A CN 111302421 B CN111302421 B CN 111302421B
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seawater
water
pipe
evaporation chamber
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CN111302421A (en
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周延
车少敏
孟现阳
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/043—Details
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种海水淡化装置及其工作方法，利用水的自身重力使蒸发腔内形成低压蒸发空间，海水在蒸发腔内迅速蒸发，蒸气由加压风机加压进入液化腔液化，得到的液态水经过管道进入储水池。本发明结构简单，可以应用于海岛、沿海盐碱地、内陆苦咸水地等缺乏淡水地区的水处理，也可用于城市污水处理及晒盐工艺。

Figure 202010139765

The invention discloses a seawater desalination device and a working method thereof. The self-gravity of water is used to form a low-pressure evaporation space in an evaporation chamber, the seawater evaporates rapidly in the evaporation chamber, and the steam is pressurized by a pressurizing fan and enters the liquefaction chamber for liquefaction. Liquid water is piped into the reservoir. The invention has a simple structure and can be applied to water treatment in areas lacking fresh water, such as sea islands, coastal saline-alkali land, inland brackish water land, etc., and can also be used for urban sewage treatment and drying technology.

Figure 202010139765

Description

Seawater desalination device and working method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, in particular to a seawater desalination device and a working method thereof.
Background
Fresh water is one of basic substances which depend on the survival and development of the human society, and in regions which lack fresh water, such as islands, coastal saline-alkali soil, inland brackish water land and the like, the problem that the shortage of fresh water supply is a serious problem in China is solved. The water treatment methods are various, such as distillation method, ion exchange method, reverse osmosis method and the like, and the common characteristics of the water treatment methods are high energy consumption and high cost. Solar energy is a clean and pollution-free renewable energy source and is widely used for water desalination in recent years, however, most solar water desalination devices also need additional energy supply, are relatively complex, and are only suitable for water-deficient areas with long sunshine duration, so that the device with low energy consumption, simple structure and wide application range is an important way for solving the problem of shortage of fresh water resources in the areas. At present, a water desalination method by depressurization evaporation is also available, namely, water to be treated at a certain temperature is instantaneously evaporated under the condition of sudden pressure reduction without an additional heating process.
Chinese patent No. CN03142188.1 discloses a negative pressure seawater desalination method and apparatus, which comprises precipitating and filtering seawater, inputting into a sealed container, extracting the residual air in the container to generate low pressure in the container, lowering the boiling point of water to boil at normal temperature, extracting water vapor and introducing into liquid water to mix and dissolve to obtain fresh water; the seawater desalination device has the advantages of small occupied area, no influence from weather, simple production process and long service life of equipment, but the installation position of the air extractor in the device is easy to simultaneously absorb steam and a small amount of seawater, so that the air extractor works under the condition of two-phase flow, the performance of the air extractor is influenced, and the water desalination efficiency of the device is reduced; secondly, the method of extracting the residual air in the container is adopted to obtain vacuum, and the requirement on the performance of the vacuum pump is high. Chinese patent No. CN201410529236.4 discloses a seawater desalination device and desalination method using temperature difference energy of seawater, comprising a natural circulation communication pipe, an evaporation tank with a vacuum pump, a condenser, a liquid storage tank with a water pump, a power supply device and a connection pipeline, wherein the vacuum pump and the water pump are powered by the power supply device, the upper part of the natural circulation communication pipe is located in the evaporation tank, the lower part of the natural circulation communication pipe is connected to the sea surface, the bottom of the evaporation tank is provided with an opening connected to the sea surface, the depth of the natural circulation communication pipe connected to the sea surface is larger than the depth of the evaporation tank connected to the sea surface, the buoyancy force formed by the density difference between the surface temperature seawater and the deep cold seawater is used as the driving force, so that the seawater enters from the bottom of the evaporation tank and flows out from the natural circulation communication pipe to form natural circulation, the device has, the energy-saving effect is obvious, but the energy-saving device is only suitable for water-deficient areas with long sunshine time, and places with deeper water areas, such as seawater, lakes and the like, and the vacuum state in the evaporating tank is obtained by using the vacuum pump, so that the requirement on the performance of the vacuum pump is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a seawater desalination device and a working method thereof, and the seawater desalination device has the advantages of energy conservation, simple structure, low cost and wide application range.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a seawater desalination device comprises a water inlet pipe A with a water inlet arranged in a seawater pool 1, wherein the water inlet pipe A is a vertical ascending pipe, the vertical upper part of the water inlet pipe A is connected with an inlet of a first check valve 3A, an outlet of the first check valve 3A is connected with a water pump 2, the installation direction of the first check valve 3A is installed according to the direction from the water inlet pipe A to the water pump 2, a water inlet bypass 4 is connected between the water inlet pipe A and the outlet of the water pump 2 in parallel, a second check valve 3B is arranged on the bypass 4, the installation direction of the second check valve 3B is from the water inlet pipe A to the outlet of the water pump 2, the outlet of the water pump 2 is upwards connected with a vertical ascending pipe 5, the upper end of the vertical ascending pipe 5 is connected with a horizontal water inlet pipe 6 of an evaporation cavity, the horizontal water inlet pipe 6 of the evaporation cavity is communicated with an evaporation cavity 7 through a water inlet B of the evaporation, the lower end of the third check valve 3C is connected with a third check valve 3C, the inlet of the third check valve 3C in the installation direction is arranged below the upper outlet, and the outlet of the third check valve 3C is connected with a concentrated seawater outlet pipe D arranged in a concentrated seawater pool 9; the upper end of the evaporation cavity 7 is connected with a steam pipeline 10 through an evaporation cavity steam outlet C2, the steam pipeline 10 is sequentially divided into a vertical ascending pipe section, a horizontal pipe section and a vertical descending pipe section, the vertical descending pipe section is connected with a pressurizing fan 11, an outlet of the pressurizing fan 11 is connected with a liquefaction cavity 12, the bottom of the liquefaction cavity 12 is connected with a condensed water vertical descending pipe 8B, the bottom of the condensed water vertical descending pipe 8B is connected with a fourth check valve 3D, the fourth check valve 3D is arranged in a water storage tank 13, and the installation direction of the fourth check valve is from top to bottom.
The evaporation cavity 7 is a cylindrical container at the upper part, the cylindrical axis of the evaporation cavity is vertical to the horizontal plane, the bottom of the evaporation cavity is conical, and the vertical height between the connection part of the bottom and the side surface of the cylinder in the evaporation cavity 7 and the liquid level G of the concentrated seawater pool is less than h1The unit: m, is derived from1＝(P-P1)/(ρ1g) Calculation of where p1The density of the evaporated concentrated seawater is as follows: kg/m3P is local atmospheric pressure, unit: pa, P1The saturation pressure corresponding to the seawater in the seawater pool 1 at that time, and g is the local gravity acceleration; the vertical height of the top in the evaporation cavity 7 and the sea water pool liquid level F is not less than h2From h2＝P/(ρ2g) Calculation of where p2Is the density of the seawater to be treated in the seawater pool 1, and the unit is as follows: kg/m3(ii) a The evaporation cavity 7 is wrapped by a heat insulation material and insulated from the external environment; the vertical height between the position of the water inlet B of the evaporation cavity and the liquid level G of the concentrated seawater pool is more than h1The unit: m, the vertical height between the position of the water inlet B of the evaporation cavity and the liquid level F of the seawater pool 1 is less than h2The unit: and m is selected.
The vertical height of the bottom in the liquefaction cavity 12 and the liquid level J of the water storage pool is not less than h3The unit: m, represented by the formula: h is3＝P/(ρ3g) Calculation of where p3Density of the condensed water, unit: kg/m3。
The position of a water-air interface H in the evaporation cavity 7 is always lower than the position of a water inlet B of the evaporation cavity, so that the evaporated concentrated seawater flows out from a concentrated seawater outlet pipe D.
The water to be treated is instantaneously evaporated in the evaporation cavity 7 in a negative pressure state, and the steam is pressurized and liquefied into condensed water through the pressurizing fan 11.
The booster fan 11 is an axial flow fan, a rotating shaft of the booster fan is perpendicular to a horizontal plane, the installation position of the booster fan is higher than that of the liquefaction cavity, and condensed water falls into the liquefaction cavity 12 in time under the action of self gravity.
The vertical ascending pipe 5, the evaporation cavity horizontal water inlet pipe 6, the evaporation cavity 7, the strong brine vertical descending pipe 8A, the steam pipeline 10 and the liquefaction cavity 12 are all in a closed heat insulation state.
The working method of the seawater desalination device adopts the methods of negative pressure evaporation and pressurized liquefaction to realize seawater desalination; starting the water pump 2, enabling the seawater to be treated to enter along the vertical ascending pipe 5 and fill all pipe sections and containers of the seawater desalination device, continuously reducing the pressure in the pipe along with the increase of the height, closing the water pump 2, forming a negative pressure working state in the evaporation cavity 7 in a natural state, so as to reduce the boiling point of the seawater to be treated, instantly evaporating the seawater, enabling the unevaporated seawater to become strong brine to pass through a strong brine vertical descending pipe 8A, discharging the strong brine from a strong brine outlet D, and further processing or preparing industrial salt; in the subsequent operation of the seawater desalination device, the water pump 2 is closed, only the booster fan 11 is started, the seawater to be treated enters the evaporation cavity 7 in a negative pressure state from the water inlet bypass 4 under the action of pressure difference, the continuous operation is realized, the pressure of the evaporation cavity 7 is reduced under the action of the booster fan 11 to cause the seawater evaporation to be accelerated, meanwhile, the pressure of the liquefaction cavity 12 is increased, the steam entering the liquefaction cavity 12 from the evaporation cavity steam outlet C2 is pressurized and condensed, and the condensed water is discharged from the condensed water outlet E through the condensed water vertical descending pipe 8B and enters the water storage tank 13, so that the continuous seawater desalination process of negative pressure evaporation and pressurized liquefaction is completed.
The invention adopts the water pump to send the water to be treated into the evaporation cavity, the pressure in the pipe is continuously reduced along with the increase of the height of the liquid column, after the water pump is closed, the negative pressure working state in the evaporation cavity is maintained in a natural state, and the boiling point of the water to be treated is further reduced, so that the water to be treated is instantaneously evaporated, the heating process is not needed, and the steam is liquefied into condensed water under the action of the pressurizing fan and enters the water storage tank. The water pump is closed in the subsequent operation of the device, the water to be treated enters the evaporation cavity in a negative pressure state from the water inlet bypass under the action of pressure difference, and the continuous negative pressure evaporation and pressurization liquefaction processes of the water to be treated can be finished only by starting the pressurization fan. The invention is especially suitable for water treatment in areas lacking fresh water, such as islands, coastal saline-alkali lands, inland brackish water areas and the like, can also be used for urban sewage treatment and salt drying processes, and has the advantages of simple structure, no heat exchange process, low energy consumption and cost, high fresh water conversion efficiency and capability of realizing continuous and stable operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a seawater desalination plant of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in figure 1, the seawater desalination device comprises a water inlet pipe A with a water inlet arranged in a seawater pool 1, wherein the water inlet pipe A is a vertical ascending pipe, the vertical upper part of the water inlet pipe A is connected with an inlet of a first check valve 3A, an outlet of the first check valve 3A is connected with a water pump 2, the installation direction of the first check valve 3A is installed according to the direction from the water inlet pipe A to the water pump 2, a water inlet bypass 4 is connected between the water inlet pipe A and an outlet of the water pump 2 in parallel, a second check valve 3B is arranged on the bypass 4, the installation direction of the second check valve 3B is from the water inlet pipe A to the outlet of the water pump 2, the outlet of the water pump 2 is upwards connected with a vertical ascending pipe 5, the upper end of the vertical ascending pipe 5 is connected with a horizontal water inlet pipe 6 of an evaporation cavity, the horizontal water inlet pipe 6 of the evaporation cavity is communicated with an evaporation cavity 7 through a water inlet B, the bottom of, the lower end of the third check valve 3C is connected with a third check valve 3C, the inlet of the third check valve 3C in the installation direction is arranged below the upper outlet, and the outlet of the third check valve 3C is connected with a concentrated seawater outlet pipe D arranged in a concentrated seawater pool 9; the upper end of the evaporation cavity 7 is connected with a steam pipeline 10 through an evaporation cavity steam outlet C2, the steam pipeline 10 is sequentially divided into a vertical ascending pipe section, a horizontal pipe section and a vertical descending pipe section, the vertical descending pipe section is connected with a pressurizing fan 11, an outlet of the pressurizing fan 11 is connected with a liquefaction cavity 12, the bottom of the liquefaction cavity 12 is connected with a condensed water vertical descending pipe 8B, the bottom of the condensed water vertical descending pipe 8B is connected with a fourth check valve 3D, the fourth check valve 3D is arranged in a water storage tank 13, and the installation direction of the fourth check valve is from top to bottom.
The water to be treated is instantaneously evaporated in the evaporation cavity 7 in a negative pressure state, and the steam is pressurized and liquefied into condensed water through the pressurizing fan 11.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the evaporation cavity 7 is an upper cylindrical container, the cylindrical axis of the upper cylindrical container is vertical to the horizontal plane, the bottom of the upper cylindrical container is conical, and the vertical height between the connection part of the bottom and the side surface of the cylinder in the evaporation cavity 7 and the liquid level G of the concentrated seawater pool is less than h1The unit: m, is derived from1＝(P-P1)/(ρ1g) Calculation of where p1The density of the evaporated concentrated seawater is as follows: kg/m3P is local atmospheric pressure, unit: pa, P1The saturation pressure corresponding to the seawater in the seawater pool 1 at that time, and g is the local gravity acceleration; the vertical height of the top in the evaporation cavity 7 and the sea water pool liquid level F is not less than h2From h2＝P/(ρ2g) Calculation of where p2Is the density of the seawater to be treated in the seawater pool 1, and the unit is as follows: kg/m3(ii) a The evaporation cavity 7 is wrapped by a heat insulation material and insulated from the external environment; the vertical height between the position of the water inlet B of the evaporation cavity and the liquid level G of the concentrated seawater pool is more than h1The unit: m, the vertical height between the position of the water inlet B of the evaporation cavity and the liquid level F of the seawater pool 1 is less than h2The unit: and m is selected.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the vertical height of the bottom in the liquefaction cavity 12 and the liquid level J of the water storage tank is not less than h3The unit: m, represented by the formula: h is3＝P/(ρ3g) Calculation of where p3Density of the condensed water, unit: kg/m3。
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the position of the water-air interface H in the evaporation cavity 7 is always lower than the position of the water inlet B of the evaporation cavity, so that the evaporated concentrated seawater flows out from the concentrated seawater outlet pipe D.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressure fan 11 is an axial flow fan, the rotation axis of the axial flow fan is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and is installed at a position higher than the liquefaction chamber, and the condensed water falls into the liquefaction chamber 12 in time under the action of its own gravity.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vertical rising pipe 5, the horizontal water inlet pipe 6 of the evaporation chamber, the evaporation chamber 7, the vertical downcomer 8A of concentrated brine, the steam pipeline 10 and the liquefaction chamber 12 are all in a closed heat-insulating state.
The working method of the seawater desalination device of the invention adopts the methods of negative pressure evaporation and pressurized liquefaction to realize seawater desalination; starting the water pump 2, enabling the seawater to be treated to enter along the vertical ascending pipe 5 and fill all pipe sections and containers of the seawater desalination device, continuously reducing the pressure in the pipe along with the increase of the height, closing the water pump 2, forming a negative pressure working state in the evaporation cavity 7 in a natural state, so as to reduce the boiling point of the seawater to be treated, instantly evaporating the seawater, enabling the unevaporated seawater to become strong brine to pass through a strong brine vertical descending pipe 8A, discharging the strong brine from a strong brine outlet D, and further processing or preparing industrial salt; in the subsequent operation of the seawater desalination device, the water pump 2 is closed, only the booster fan 11 is started, the seawater to be treated enters the evaporation cavity 7 in a negative pressure state from the water inlet bypass 4 under the action of pressure difference, the continuous operation is realized, the pressure of the evaporation cavity 7 is reduced under the action of the booster fan 11 to cause the seawater evaporation to be accelerated, meanwhile, the pressure of the liquefaction cavity 12 is increased, the steam entering the liquefaction cavity 12 from the evaporation cavity steam outlet C2 is pressurized and condensed, and the condensed water is discharged from the condensed water outlet E through the condensed water vertical descending pipe 8B and enters the water storage tank 13, so that the continuous seawater desalination process of negative pressure evaporation and pressurized liquefaction is completed.
The invention adopts the method of negative pressure evaporation and pressurization liquefaction to realize seawater desalination, namely, a water pump is adopted to enable water to be treated to enter the device along a vertical ascending pipe, the pressure in the pipe is continuously reduced along with the increase of the height, after the water pump is closed, a negative pressure working state is formed in an evaporation cavity in a natural state, the boiling point of the seawater to be treated is reduced, the negative pressure evaporation is carried out, no additional heating process is needed, steam is pressurized and liquefied into condensed water under the action of a pressurization fan, the water pump is closed in the subsequent operation of the seawater desalination device, only the pressurization fan is started, and the seawater to be treated can continuously work after entering the evaporation cavity in the negative pressure state from a water inlet bypass under the action of pressure difference. The water treatment device is particularly suitable for water treatment in areas lacking fresh water, such as islands, coastal saline-alkali lands, inland brackish water areas and the like, can also be used for urban sewage treatment and salt sunning processes or emergency fresh water supplement in field work, and has the advantages of no heat exchange process, low energy consumption, simple structure, low cost, high fresh water conversion efficiency and capability of realizing continuous and stable operation.

Claims (7)

1.一种海水淡化装置，其特征在于：所述装置包括进水口置于海水池(1)内的进水管(A)，进水管(A)为垂直上升管，其垂直上部连接第一逆止阀(3A)进口，第一逆止阀(3A)出口连接水泵(2)，第一逆止阀(3A)安装方向依照从进水管(A)到水泵(2)的方向安装，进水管(A)与水泵(2)出口之间并联进水旁路(4)，旁路(4)上设置第二逆止阀(3B)，第二逆止阀(3B)安装方向从进水管(A)到水泵(2)出口，水泵(2)出口处向上连接垂直上升管(5)，垂直上升管(5)上端连接蒸发腔水平进水管(6)，蒸发腔水平进水管(6)后通过蒸发腔水进口(B)连通蒸发腔(7)，蒸发腔(7)底部通过蒸发腔水出口(C1)连接浓盐水垂直下降管(8A)，浓盐水垂直下降管(8A)竖直安装，其下端连接第三逆止阀(3C)，第三逆止阀(3C)安装方向进口在上出口在下，其出口连接置于浓海水池(9)内的浓海水出水管(D)；蒸发腔(7)上端通过蒸发腔蒸气出口(C2)连接蒸汽管路(10)，蒸汽管路(10)依次分垂直上升管段、水平管段及垂直下降管段，垂直下降管段连接加压风机(11)，加压风机(11)出口连接液化腔(12)，液化腔(12)底部连接凝结水垂直下降管(8B)，凝结水垂直下降管(8B)底部连接第四逆止阀(3D)，第四逆止阀(3D)置于储水池(13)内，其安装方向自上而下；1. a seawater desalination device, it is characterized in that: described device comprises the water inlet pipe (A) that the water inlet is placed in the seawater pool (1), the water inlet pipe (A) is a vertical riser, and its vertical upper part is connected with the first backstop The inlet of the valve (3A) and the outlet of the first check valve (3A) are connected to the water pump (2). The installation direction of the first check valve (3A) is installed in the direction from the inlet pipe (A) to the water pump (2). A) The water inlet bypass (4) is connected in parallel with the outlet of the water pump (2). The bypass (4) is provided with a second check valve (3B), and the installation direction of the second check valve (3B) is from the water inlet pipe (A). ) to the outlet of the water pump (2), the outlet of the water pump (2) is upwardly connected to the vertical riser pipe (5), the upper end of the vertical riser pipe (5) is connected to the horizontal water inlet pipe (6) of the evaporation chamber, and the horizontal water inlet pipe (6) of the evaporation chamber passes through the The water inlet (B) of the evaporation chamber is connected to the evaporation chamber (7), and the bottom of the evaporation chamber (7) is connected to the concentrated brine vertical descending pipe (8A) through the evaporation chamber water outlet (C1), and the concentrated brine vertical descending pipe (8A) is installed vertically, Its lower end is connected to the third check valve (3C), the installation direction of the third check valve (3C) is at the top and the outlet is at the bottom, and its outlet is connected to the concentrated seawater outlet pipe (D) placed in the concentrated seawater pool (9); evaporation; The upper end of the cavity (7) is connected to the steam pipeline (10) through the vapor outlet (C2) of the evaporation chamber. The steam pipeline (10) is divided into a vertical ascending pipe section, a horizontal pipe section and a vertical descending pipe section in turn, and the vertical descending pipe section is connected to the pressurizing fan (11) , the outlet of the pressurizing fan (11) is connected to the liquefaction chamber (12), the bottom of the liquefaction chamber (12) is connected to the condensate vertical descending pipe (8B), and the bottom of the condensate vertical descending pipe (8B) is connected to the fourth check valve (3D), The fourth check valve (3D) is placed in the water storage tank (13), and its installation direction is from top to bottom; 所述蒸发腔(7)为上部圆柱状容器，其圆柱轴垂直于水平面，底部为圆锥状，蒸发腔(7)内底部与圆柱侧面连接处与浓海水池液面(G)的垂直高度小于h1，单位：m，由h1＝(P-P1)/(ρ1g)计算，其中ρ1为蒸发后的浓海水密度，单位：kg/m3，P为当地大气压，单位：Pa，P1为当时海水池(1)中海水对应的饱和压力，g为当地重力加速度；蒸发腔(7)内顶部与海水池液面(F)垂直高度不低于h2，由h2＝P/(ρ2g)计算，其中ρ2为海水池(1)中的待处理海水密度，单位：kg/m3；蒸发腔(7)由隔热材料包裹与外部环境隔热；蒸发腔水进口(B)的位置与浓海水池液面(G)的垂直高度大于h1，单位：m，蒸发腔水进口(B)的位置与海水池(1)液面(F)的垂直高度小于h2，单位：m。The evaporation chamber (7) is an upper cylindrical container, the cylindrical axis of which is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the bottom is conical. h 1 , unit: m, calculated by h 1 =(PP 1 )/(ρ 1 g), where ρ 1 is the density of concentrated seawater after evaporation, unit: kg/m 3 , P is the local atmospheric pressure, unit: Pa, P 1 is the corresponding saturation pressure of the seawater in the seawater pool (1) at that time, g is the local acceleration of gravity ; the vertical height between the top of the evaporation chamber (7) and the liquid surface (F) of the seawater pool is not lower than h2, and from h2=P /(ρ 2 g) calculation, where ρ 2 is the density of the seawater to be treated in the seawater pool (1), unit: kg/m 3 ; the evaporation chamber (7) is wrapped by thermal insulation material and insulated from the external environment; the water in the evaporation chamber The vertical height between the position of the inlet (B) and the liquid level (G) of the concentrated seawater pool is greater than h 1 , unit: m, and the vertical height between the position of the water inlet (B) of the evaporation chamber and the liquid level (F) of the seawater pool (1) is less than h 2 , unit: m. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水淡化装置，其特征在于：所述液化腔(12)内底部与储水池液面高度(J)的垂直高度不低于h3，单位：m，由公式：h3＝P/(ρ3g)计算，其中ρ3为凝结水的密度，单位：kg/m3。2. A seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vertical height between the inner bottom of the liquefaction chamber (12) and the liquid level (J) of the storage tank is not lower than h 3 , unit: m, Calculated by the formula: h 3 =P/(ρ 3 g), where ρ 3 is the density of condensed water, unit: kg/m 3 . 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水淡化装置，其特征在于：所述蒸发腔(7)内的水气交界面(H)的位置始终低于蒸发腔水进口(B)的位置，使得蒸发后的浓海水从浓海水出水管(D)流出。3. A seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the position of the water-gas interface (H) in the evaporation chamber (7) is always lower than the position of the water inlet (B) of the evaporation chamber, The evaporated concentrated seawater is made to flow out from the concentrated seawater outlet pipe (D). 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水淡化装置，其特征在于：待处理的水在负压状态的蒸发腔(7)内瞬间蒸发，蒸气通过加压风机(11)被加压液化为凝结水。4. A seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water to be treated evaporates instantaneously in the evaporation chamber (7) in a negative pressure state, and the steam is pressurized and liquefied by a pressurized fan (11) into Condensed water. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水淡化装置，其特征在于：所述加压风机(11)为轴流风机，其旋转轴垂直于水平面且安装位置高于液化腔，凝结水在自身重力的作用下及时落入液化腔(12)内。5. A seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pressurized fan (11) is an axial flow fan, and its rotation axis is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and the installation position is higher than the liquefaction chamber, and the condensed water is in itself Under the action of gravity, it falls into the liquefaction chamber (12) in time. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种海水淡化装置，其特征在于：所述垂直上升管(5)、蒸发腔水平进水管(6)、蒸发腔(7)、浓盐水垂直下降管(8A)、蒸汽管路(10)和液化腔(12)，均处于密闭绝热状态。6. A seawater desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the vertical riser pipe (5), the evaporation chamber horizontal water inlet pipe (6), the evaporation chamber (7), the concentrated brine vertical descender pipe (8A) ), the steam pipeline (10) and the liquefaction chamber (12) are all in a closed and insulated state. 7.权利要求1至6任一项所述的一种海水淡化装置的工作方法，其特征在于：采用负压蒸发，加压液化的方法实现海水淡化；启动水泵(2)，使待处理的海水沿垂直上升管(5)进入并充满海水淡化装置所有管段及容器，随着高度的增加管中压力不断降低，关闭水泵(2)后，在自然状态下蒸发腔(7)内形成负压工作状态，以此降低待处理海水的沸点，海水瞬间蒸发，未蒸发的海水成为浓盐水经过浓盐水垂直下降管(8A)，从浓盐水出口(D)排出，进一步加工或制备工业盐；在海水淡化装置的后续运行中关闭水泵(2)，仅启动加压风机(11)，待处理的海水在压差的作用下从进水旁路(4)进入负压状态的蒸发腔(7)内即连续工作，在加压风机(11)的作用下，蒸发腔(7)压力降低引起海水蒸发加速，同时液化腔(12)压力升高使从蒸发腔蒸气出口(C2)进入液化腔(12)的蒸气被加压凝结，凝结水经过凝结水垂直下降管(8B)从凝结水出口(E)排出并进入储水池(13)，如此完成连续的负压蒸发、加压液化的海水淡化过程。7. the working method of a kind of seawater desalination device described in any one of claim 1 to 6, it is characterized in that: adopt negative pressure evaporation, the method for pressurized liquefaction realizes seawater desalination; Seawater enters along the vertical riser pipe (5) and fills all pipe sections and containers of the seawater desalination device. With the increase of height, the pressure in the pipe continues to decrease. After the water pump (2) is turned off, a negative pressure is formed in the evaporation chamber (7) under natural conditions. Working state, so as to reduce the boiling point of the seawater to be treated, the seawater evaporates instantly, and the unevaporated seawater becomes concentrated brine, passes through the concentrated brine vertical descending pipe (8A), and is discharged from the concentrated brine outlet (D) for further processing or preparation of industrial salt; In the subsequent operation of the seawater desalination device, the water pump (2) is turned off, and only the pressurized fan (11) is started, and the seawater to be treated enters the negative pressure evaporation chamber (7) from the inlet bypass (4) under the action of the pressure difference. Under the action of the pressurized fan (11), the pressure of the evaporation chamber (7) decreases to accelerate the evaporation of seawater, and at the same time, the pressure of the liquefaction chamber (12) increases, so that the steam from the evaporation chamber (C2) enters the liquefaction chamber ( The steam of 12) is condensed under pressure, and the condensed water is discharged from the condensed water outlet (E) through the condensed water vertical descending pipe (8B) and enters the water storage tank (13), thus completing the continuous negative pressure evaporation and pressurized liquefaction of seawater desalination process.
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