CN111299854A - Device and method for disassembling compressor by adopting laser - Google Patents
Device and method for disassembling compressor by adopting laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN111299854A CN111299854A CN201911257374.0A CN201911257374A CN111299854A CN 111299854 A CN111299854 A CN 111299854A CN 201911257374 A CN201911257374 A CN 201911257374A CN 111299854 A CN111299854 A CN 111299854A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for disassembling a compressor by adopting laser, wherein a power unit, a transmission unit, a clamping unit, a moving unit and a laser cutting unit in the device are integrated and assembled on a machine body rack and are respectively connected with a control system; the power unit provides power, and the power unit drives the plurality of clamping units to synchronously rotate around the central axes through transmission of the transmission unit; the plurality of clamping units are distributed on the machine body rack at equal intervals along the circumferential direction; each clamping unit is provided with a set of laser cutting unit, the laser cutting unit emits laser beams by means of a laser generator, the laser beams are transmitted to a laser cutting head through a laser transmission optical cable, the laser cutting head is used for focusing the laser beams on an outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled, and a laser range finder is arranged; the moving unit is a two-axis moving platform and is used as a carrier of the laser cutting head to drive the laser cutting head to move. The invention can solve the problems of complex and heavy structure, high operation cost and low shell opening efficiency of the existing compressor disassembling equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of waste electromechanical product recovery, in particular to a device and a method for disassembling a compressor by adopting laser.
Background
In a refrigeration apparatus such as an air conditioner and a refrigerator, a compressor is a core component thereof and is regarded as a "heart" of the refrigeration apparatus. In the design and manufacture process of a compressor in a household electrical product, in order to prevent the energy loss in a compressor stage and the leakage of internal gas to the outside, a motor, a cylinder body, a piston, a valve plate, a connecting rod, a crankshaft and other parts are generally assembled in a closed housing to form a compressor whole, an outer housing is formed by stretching and stamping a 3-4mm steel plate and is divided into an upper part and a lower part, and internal parts are sealed by adopting a welding process after the internal parts are assembled. The design and manufacture mode not only greatly reduces and shortens the size and the weight of the whole compressor, but also simplifies the structure of the whole compressor, and only the suction and exhaust pipe, the process pipe and other necessary pipelines (such as a spray pipe), the input power supply wiring terminal, the compressor bracket and the like are welded on the outer surface of the shell. However, since the entire compressor motor assembly and components are housed in a non-detachable hermetic housing, it is not easy to open for internal repair and component recycling when the compressor is out of order and discarded.
With the development of the field of household appliances, the production of refrigerators and air conditioners is rapidly increased, and the scrapping amount of the refrigerators and the air conditioners is also gradually increased. For waste household electrical appliances, the components are usually recycled or materials are recycled after being disassembled. When the waste air conditioner, refrigerator and other refrigeration equipment are recycled, the recycling and resourcing of the internal parts of the core component compressor need to be done with shell opening and disassembling first.
At present, the existing compressor recovery technical method at home and abroad mainly comprises the following steps:
manual cutting method: and (4) manually cutting and disassembling the shell of the waste compressor by using an angle grinder, a portable electric saw and the like. The method has high danger in the operation process, is easy to cause safety accidents and has low efficiency.
Low-temperature crushing method: the compressor is integrally cooled by adopting liquid nitrogen, and the low-temperature brittleness of the material is utilized to convert the material from a toughness state to a brittleness state at a low temperature, so that the material is convenient to crush. The method has the advantages of complex equipment, high operation cost, high energy consumption in the crushing process and no guarantee of the renewability of internal parts at low temperature.
Cutting by a numerical control machine: and controlling a saw blade milling cutter to perform circular cutting on the compressor by adopting a numerical control machine. The method has the advantages that the equipment is very heavy due to the fact that the cutting force borne by the main shaft is large during cutting, and the safety coefficient of the cutting process is low. The thickness of the saw blade milling cutter influences the size and the cutting force of the cutting seam, the thicker saw blade milling cutter can cause the cutting seam to be too wide and the cutting force to be too large, the too wide cutting seam can cause the shell after the maintenance of internal parts to be difficult to weld and sew again, and the too large cutting force of the main shaft can cause the equipment to be heavy. If a thinner cutter is selected, the cutter is seriously abraded, the strength of the cutter is reduced, the cutter is frequently replaced, and the cutter is likely to crack during cutting, so that safety accidents are caused.
High-pressure water jet cutting method: and performing circular cutting on the shell of the compressor by using high-pressure water jet. The method is difficult to control the cutting depth during cutting, and internal parts are easy to damage; a large amount of water and abrasive particles are consumed during cutting, and the material consumption of equipment operation is large; meanwhile, the grinding can enter the inside of the compressor, pollute and damage internal parts, and increase the difficulty in remanufacturing and recycling the compressor.
Flame cutting method: the metal at the cutting seam is preheated to the ignition point by gas flame, and is violently combusted in pure oxygen flow to form slag and release a large amount of heat, and the slag is removed under the blowing action of high-pressure oxygen to form the cutting seam. The heat generated during cutting can damage internal parts, and the size of the cutting seam is difficult to control; the equipment consumes a large amount of high-pressure oxygen during operation, and the operation cost is high; the compressor temperature is high after the excision, just can replace and disassemble next compressor after needing to pass through the cold cut, disassembles inefficiency.
Plasma beam cutting method: the method is characterized in that compressed air is used as a main body, high-temperature and high-speed plasma arc is used as a heat source, a part of a slit of a shell of the compressor is melted, and meanwhile, melted metal is blown away by high-speed airflow to form a narrow slit. This method is similar to the flame cutting method except that the plasma is used as a heat transfer carrier. The plasma cutting is suitable for cutting thicker metal components and is not easy to be used for the thin wall (3-4mm) of a compressor shell, and the method has rough cut surface and large cutting gap which is about 3mm approximately.
Therefore, in the shell opening and disassembling process of the waste compressor, the safety and the disassembling efficiency in the disassembling process are improved, the complexity of disassembling equipment is simplified, the running cost of the equipment is reduced, the smoothness of a cutting seam is improved, and the damage of internal parts of the compressor in the cutting process is controlled, so that the method has important significance for the maintenance, remanufacturing and recycling of the waste compressor.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve the above technical problem at least to some extent. Therefore, the invention provides a device for disassembling a compressor by adopting laser, which utilizes a laser beam with high power density to irradiate the surface of a shell of the compressor and carries out cutting and disassembling on an outer housing of the compressor so as to solve the problems of complex and heavy structure, high operation cost and low shell opening efficiency of the existing compressor disassembling equipment; meanwhile, the invention provides a method for disassembling a compressor by adopting laser, which solves the problems that the existing method for disassembling the compressor cannot achieve high speed and high efficiency and a cutting seam is fine and smooth.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an adopt laser to disassemble device of compressor for disassemble the outside housing of compressor, the outside housing is the airtight shell structure that is formed by upper shield body and the welding of lower cover body, adopt laser to disassemble device structure setting of compressor:
the power unit, the transmission unit, the clamping unit, the moving unit and the laser cutting unit are integrated and assembled on the machine body rack, are respectively electrically connected with the control system and are controlled by the control system;
the power unit provides power, and the power unit drives the plurality of clamping units to synchronously rotate around each central axis along the Z axis through transmission of the transmission unit;
the clamping units are used for clamping and fixing the compressor to be disassembled and driving the compressor to be disassembled to synchronously rotate, and the plurality of clamping units are distributed on the machine body rack at equal intervals along the circumferential direction;
each clamping unit is provided with a set of laser cutting unit, the laser cutting unit emits laser beams by means of a laser generator, the laser beams are transmitted to a laser cutting head through a laser transmission optical cable, the laser cutting head which is arranged along the radial direction corresponding to the central axis of the clamping unit and points to the rotary central axis of the clamping unit is used for focusing the laser beams on an outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled, and a laser distance meter is arranged for measuring the distance between the laser cutting head and the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled along the radial direction of the central axis of the clamping unit and transmitting the distance to the control system;
the moving unit is a two-axis moving platform and is used as a carrier of the laser cutting head and used for driving the laser cutting head to move along the Z axis and move along the radial direction of the middle axis of the corresponding clamping unit.
The invention also has the structural characteristics that:
the power unit is powered by the servo motor and is output to the transmission unit through the speed reducer;
the transmission unit is a planetary gear transmission mechanism, a gear shaft of a main gear is connected with an output shaft of a speed reducer, a plurality of auxiliary gears which are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the clamping units are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction and are respectively meshed with the main gear, and the clamping units are fixedly connected with the gear shaft ends of the corresponding auxiliary gears to form synchronous rotating components with the auxiliary gears.
The speed reducer is an RV worm gear speed reducer.
The module and the tooth number of the main gear and each pinion are the same, the module of the gear is 1-2, and the tooth number is 200 and 400.
The clamping unit is composed of a chuck base and a chuck fixedly arranged on the chuck base, the chuck is one of a two-jaw chuck, a three-jaw chuck, a four-jaw chuck and a five-jaw chuck, and the compressor to be disassembled is clamped and fixed on the chuck.
The laser generator of the laser cutting unit is connected with the laser cutting head through a laser transmission optical cable, and the laser range finder is installed on the laser cutting head.
A top frame is suspended on the machine body rack through upright rods positioned at the circle center positions of the clamping units, the top frame is provided with a plurality of suspension rods which radiate outwards by taking the upright rods as centers and correspond to the moving units, and the moving units are suspended and fixed at the peripheries of the corresponding clamping units by the suspension rods; the bottom of the machine body rack is supported by a stand column made of aviation aluminum profiles, and universal wheels are installed at the bottom of the stand column.
The maximum displacement distance of the laser cutting head driven by the moving unit along the Z axis and along the radial direction of the central axis of the corresponding clamping unit is set to be 100-400mm, and the moving speed is 1-5 m/min.
The invention also provides a compressor disassembling method based on the device for disassembling the compressor by adopting the laser, which comprises the following steps:
step 1) clamping of compressor
Selecting a matched clamping unit according to the shape of the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled, and clamping and fixing the compressor to be disassembled;
step 2) adjustment of the position of the laser cutting head
The control system controls the moving unit to adjust the laser cutting head, so that the height of the laser cutting head is consistent with the height of the cutting position required by the compressor to be disassembled in the Z-axis direction, and the radial distance d between the laser cutting head and the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled along the central axis of the clamping unit is the focal length of the laser cutting head;
step 3) laser cutting and disassembling
Starting a servo motor of the power unit, driving the clamping unit to rotate around the central axis through transmission of the transmission unit, simultaneously starting a laser generator of the laser cutting unit, transmitting laser to a laser cutting head through a laser transmission optical cable, focusing the laser beam on an outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled by using the laser cutting head, and further cutting the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled;
after the compressor to be disassembled synchronously rotates for 1 week under the driving of the clamping unit, the cutting is finished; in the cutting process, a laser distance meter is used for measuring the distance d between the laser cutting head and the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled in real time along the radial direction of the central axis of the clamping unit and transmitting the distance d to a control system, and the control system controls the moving unit to keep the distance d as the focal length of the laser cutting head;
step 4) compressor disassembly
After the outer housing of the disassembled compressor is cut, the laser cutting unit is closed firstly, then the power unit is closed, the clamping unit is released from clamping the compressor, the compressor is disassembled, and the shell opening and disassembling of the compressor are completed.
In the step 2) and the step 3), the focal length of the laser cutting head is 60-200 mm;
in the step 3), the laser generator is a fiber laser, a continuous light emitting mode is adopted, the laser power is 1-10KW, and the laser wavelength is 1064 nm; the servo motor is controlled by a control system to drive the main gear and the pinion to rotate together for a circle, and the rotating speed of the main gear and the pinion is 1-10r/min in the cutting process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) in the invention, the shell of the compressor is cut and opened by laser. Compared with the prior compressor disassembling technology, the laser cutting speed is high, the cut is smooth, and the heat influence is small. The laser energy concentrates the energy in a very small area, so the disassembly cut is narrow (0.1-0.2mm), the heat affected zone is small, the deformation of the compressor is small, the compressor parts are not damaged, and the re-packaging of the compressor is not influenced;
2) compared with the existing compressor disassembly technology, the laser cutting method only consumes electric energy to generate laser, and is low in operation and maintenance cost. Compared with mechanical cutting, the problems of blade deformation, burr, abrasion, replacement and the like of a cutting tool do not exist; compared with flame cutting and water jet cutting, the problem of consumption of a large amount of fuel gas or water abrasive does not exist;
3) compared with the traditional contact type cutting, the laser cutting belongs to non-contact processing, and no acting force is generated in the cutting process, so that excessive clamping force is not needed in the cutting process to offset the cutting acting force, and the compressor cannot be deformed and damaged due to the excessive clamping force on the compressor;
4) in the device for disassembling the compressor by adopting laser, the device is driven by a servo motor, driven by a planetary gear, clamped and fixed by a chuck and cut by a laser cutting system. Compared with the existing compressor disassembling device, the multi-station compressor disassembling device has the advantages that the driving force is transmitted to the clamping stations of the plurality of compressors by adopting planetary gear transmission, the multi-station compressor disassembling is realized, and the disassembling efficiency of the compressors is improved again on the basis of high-speed laser cutting;
5) compared with the existing compressor dismantling device, the laser cutting belongs to non-contact processing, and does not generate acting force, so the dismantling device is simple and convenient, has a light structure and is low in manufacturing and maintenance cost. Compared with devices such as mechanical cutting, flame cutting and water jet cutting, the safety is greatly improved because no cutting acting force exists and the energy density of laser is the largest only at the focus, and safety accidents caused by sharp change of cutting force, flame scalding or high-pressure water jet and the like of a cutter can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 1 from another perspective;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of the structure of FIG. 1 (the moving unit and the laser cutting unit are not shown);
FIG. 4 is a sectional top view of the transmission unit;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the assembly of the transmission unit and the clamping unit;
FIG. 6 is a front elevation view of the assembled cross-section of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a housing assembly of the transmission unit;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the base plate of FIG. 7;
FIG. 8a is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 8;
FIG. 8b is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. 8;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the top plate of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9a is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of FIG. 9;
FIG. 9b is a schematic cross-sectional view in the direction F-F of FIG. 9;
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the housing of FIG. 7;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of a mobile unit;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the construction of the head frame;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of the laser cutting unit.
In the figure, 1a machine body stand; 1a top frame; 2 a mobile unit; 3, clamping a chuck; 4, the compressor is to be disassembled; 5 a transmission unit; 6, erecting a column; 7 universal wheels; 8, cutting the laser head; 9 laser range finder; 10, a speed reducer; 11 a servo motor; 12 a support pillar; 13 a main gear; 14 pinion gears; 15 master gear axle; 16 bearing retainer rings a; 17 a chuck base; 18 pinion axles; 19 bearing retainer b; 20 angular contact bearings; 21 bearing retainer c; 22 a top plate; 23 an outer cover; 24 a base plate; 25 connecting plates; 26 a laser generator; 27 laser transmission optical cable.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 13, the apparatus for disassembling a compressor by using laser according to the embodiment of the present invention is used for disassembling an outer casing of a compressor, the outer casing of the compressor 4 to be disassembled is a sealed shell structure formed by welding an upper casing body and a lower casing body, and a series of parts such as a motor, a cylinder body, a piston, a valve plate, a connecting rod, a crankshaft and the like are built in the apparatus, and the apparatus for disassembling a compressor by using laser according to the embodiment of the present invention is configured as follows:
the power unit, the transmission unit 5, the clamping unit, the moving unit 2 and the laser cutting unit are integrated and assembled on the machine body rack 1, are respectively electrically connected with the control system and are controlled by the control system, and the moving unit 2, the power unit and the laser cutting unit are coordinately controlled by the control system to cooperatively complete shell opening and disassembling of the compressor;
the power unit provides power, and the power unit drives the plurality of clamping units to synchronously rotate around each central axis along the Z axis through the transmission of the transmission unit 5;
the clamping units are used for clamping and fixing an outer housing of the compressor 4 to be disassembled and driving the compressor 4 to be disassembled to synchronously rotate, and the plurality of clamping units are distributed on the machine body rack 1 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction;
each clamping unit is provided with a set of laser cutting unit, the laser cutting unit is used for generating high-energy laser to cut and disassemble the outer housing of the compressor 4 to be disassembled, specifically, the laser generator 26 is used for emitting laser beams, the laser is transmitted to the laser cutting head 8 through the laser transmission optical cable 27, the laser cutting head 8 which is arranged along the radial direction corresponding to the center shaft of the clamping unit and points to the rotation middle axis of the clamping unit is used for focusing the laser beams on the outer housing of the compressor 4 to be disassembled, and the laser distance measuring instrument 9 is arranged and used for measuring the distance between the laser cutting head 8 and the outer housing of the compressor 4 to be disassembled along the radial direction of the center shaft of the clamping unit and transmitting the distance to the;
the moving unit 2 is a two-axis moving platform, is used as a carrier of the laser cutting head, and is used for driving the laser cutting head to move along the Z axis and along the radial direction of the central axis of the corresponding clamping unit in the cutting process, so as to perform laser focusing and control the position of a cutting seam of the outer housing of the compressor 4 to be disassembled.
In specific implementation, the corresponding structural arrangement also includes:
the power unit is powered by a servo motor 11 and outputs power to the transmission unit 5 through a speed reducer 10;
the transmission unit 5 is a planetary gear transmission mechanism, the gear shaft of the main gear 13 is connected with the output shaft of the reducer 10, a plurality of auxiliary gears 14 which are configured corresponding to each clamping unit one by one are arranged along the circumferential direction at equal intervals and are respectively meshed with the main gear 13, and the clamping units are fixedly connected with the gear shaft ends of the corresponding auxiliary gears 14 to form synchronous rotating components with the auxiliary gears 14. The transmission unit 5 is arranged in an outer cover 23, the top and the bottom of the outer cover 23 are respectively sealed by a top plate 22 and a bottom plate 24, and the top plate 22 and the bottom plate 24 are connected and fixed by a support 12. Shafting components used for mounting the gear shafts of the main gear 13 and the pinion gear 14 include an angular contact bearing 20, a bearing ring 16/19/21, and the like.
The reducer 10 is an RV worm reducer 10.
The module and the number of teeth of the main gear 13 and each pinion 14 are the same, the module of the gear is 1-2, and the number of teeth is 200 and 400.
The clamping unit is composed of a chuck base 17 and a chuck 3 fixedly arranged on the chuck base 17, the chuck 3 is one of a two-jaw chuck, a three-jaw chuck, a four-jaw chuck and a five-jaw chuck, and the compressor 4 to be disassembled is clamped and fixed on the chuck 3. The clamping mode of the chuck 3 can be pneumatic or manual, and the diameter of the chuck 3 is 30-50 cm.
The laser cutting head among the laser cutting unit is installed on the moving platform of moving unit 2 through connecting plate 25, and laser generator wherein is connected with laser cutting head 8 through laser transmission optical cable, transmits high energy laser to laser cutting head 8, and laser range finder 9 is installed on laser cutting head 8.
An upper frame 1a is suspended above each clamping unit on the machine body rack 1 through a vertical rod positioned at the circle center position of each clamping unit, the upper frame 1a is provided with a plurality of suspension rods which radiate outwards by taking the vertical rod as the center corresponding to each moving unit 2, and the moving units 2 are suspended and fixed at the periphery of the corresponding clamping units by the suspension rods; the bottom of the machine body rack 1 is supported by a plurality of vertical columns 6 made of aviation aluminum profiles, and universal wheels 7 are mounted at the bottom of each vertical column 6.
The maximum distance between the laser cutting head and the moving unit 2 is set to be 100-400mm, and the moving speed is 1-5 m/min.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a compressor disassembling method based on the device for disassembling the compressor by adopting the laser, which comprises the following steps:
step 1) clamping of compressor
Selecting a matched clamping unit according to the shape of the outer housing of the compressor 4 to be disassembled, and clamping and fixing the compressor 4 to be disassembled;
step 2) adjustment of the position of the laser cutting head
The control system controls the moving unit to adjust the laser cutting head, so that the height of the laser cutting head is consistent with the height of the position, required to be cut, of the compressor 4 to be disassembled in the Z-axis direction, and the distance d between the laser cutting head and the outer housing of the compressor 4 to be disassembled along the radial direction of the center shaft of the clamping unit is the focal length of the laser cutting head;
step 3) laser cutting and disassembling
Starting a servo motor of the power unit, driving the clamping unit to rotate around the central axis through transmission of the transmission unit, simultaneously starting a laser generator of the laser cutting unit, transmitting laser to a laser cutting head through a laser transmission optical cable, focusing the laser beam on an outer housing of the compressor 4 to be disassembled by using the laser cutting head, and further cutting the outer housing of the compressor 4 to be disassembled;
after the compressor 4 to be disassembled synchronously rotates for 1 week under the driving of the clamping unit, the cutting is finished; in the cutting process, a laser range finder is used for measuring the distance d between the laser cutting head and the outer housing of the compressor 4 to be disassembled in real time along the radial direction of the central axis of the clamping unit and transmitting the distance d to the control system, and the control system controls the moving unit to keep the distance d as the focal length of the laser cutting head;
step 4) compressor disassembly
After the outer housing of the compressor 4 to be disassembled is cut, the laser cutting unit is closed firstly, then the power unit is closed, the clamping of the clamping unit on the compressor is released, the compressor is disassembled, and the shell opening and disassembling of the compressor are completed.
In the step 2) and the step 3), the focal length of the laser cutting head is 60-200 mm;
in the step 3), the laser generator is a fiber laser, a continuous light emitting mode is adopted, the laser power is 1-10KW, and the laser wavelength is 1064 nm; the servo motor is controlled by a control system to drive the main gear and the pinion to rotate together for a circle, and the rotating speed of the main gear and the pinion is 1-10r/min in the cutting process.
Example 1:
in this embodiment, there are 5 sets of clamping units, and the numbers of the auxiliary gears in the laser cutting unit and the transmission unit which are correspondingly configured are matched with those of the auxiliary gears. The module and the tooth number of the main gear and each pinion are the same, the module of the gear is 2, and the tooth number is 200.
In order to adapt to the diversity of compressor clamping, two of the 5 clamping units adopt two-jaw chucks, three adopt three-jaw chucks, and all adopt a manual clamping mode, and the diameter of each chuck is 30 cm.
The maximum distance of the displacement of the moving unit along the Z axis and the displacement along the radial direction of the central axis of the corresponding clamping unit is set to be 100mm, and the moving speed is 1 m/min.
The compressor disassembling method based on the device for disassembling the compressor by adopting the laser comprises the following steps:
step 1) clamping of compressor
Selecting a matched clamping unit according to the shape of the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled, and clamping and fixing the compressor to be disassembled;
step 2) adjustment of the position of the laser cutting head
The control system controls the moving unit to adjust the laser cutting head, so that the height of the laser cutting head is consistent with the height of the cutting position required by the compressor to be disassembled in the Z-axis direction, and the radial distance d between the laser cutting head and the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled along the central axis of the clamping unit is the focal length of the laser cutting head;
step 3) laser cutting and disassembling
Starting a servo motor of the power unit, driving the clamping unit to rotate around the central axis through transmission of the transmission unit, simultaneously starting a laser generator of the laser cutting unit, transmitting laser to a laser cutting head through a laser transmission optical cable, focusing the laser beam on an outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled by using the laser cutting head, and further cutting the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled;
after the compressor to be disassembled synchronously rotates for 1 week under the driving of the clamping unit, the cutting is finished; in the cutting process, a laser distance meter is used for measuring the distance d between the laser cutting head and the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled in real time along the radial direction of the central axis of the clamping unit and transmitting the distance d to a control system, and the control system controls the moving unit to keep the distance d as the focal length of the laser cutting head;
step 4) compressor disassembly
After the outer housing of the disassembled compressor is cut, the laser cutting unit is closed firstly, then the power unit is closed, the clamping unit is released from clamping the compressor, the compressor is disassembled, and the shell opening and disassembling of the compressor are completed.
In the steps 2) and 3), the focal length of the laser cutting head is 60 mm;
in the step 3), the laser generator is a fiber laser, a continuous light emitting mode is adopted, the laser power is 1KW, and the laser wavelength is 1064 nm; the power unit is powered by a servo motor, the servo motor is controlled by a control system, the main gear and the pinion are driven to rotate together for a circle, and the rotating speed of the main gear and the pinion is 1r/min in the cutting process.
Example 2:
in this embodiment, there are 5 sets of clamping units, and the numbers of the auxiliary gears in the laser cutting unit and the transmission unit which are correspondingly configured are matched with those of the auxiliary gears. The module and the tooth number of the main gear and each pinion are the same, the module of the gear is 1, and the tooth number is 400.
In order to adapt to the diversity of compressor clamping, two of 5 clamping units adopt two-jaw chucks, three adopt three-jaw chucks, all adopt the mode of manual clamping, and the diameter of chuck is 50 cm.
The maximum distance of the displacement of the moving unit along the Z axis and the displacement along the radial direction of the central axis of the corresponding clamping unit is set to be 400mm, and the moving speed is 5 m/min.
The compressor disassembling method based on the device for disassembling the compressor by adopting the laser comprises the following steps:
step 1) clamping of compressor
Selecting a matched clamping unit according to the shape of the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled, and clamping and fixing the compressor to be disassembled;
step 2) adjustment of the position of the laser cutting head
The control system controls the moving unit to adjust the laser cutting head, so that the height of the laser cutting head is consistent with the height of the cutting position required by the compressor to be disassembled in the Z-axis direction, and the radial distance d between the laser cutting head and the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled along the central axis of the clamping unit is the focal length of the laser cutting head;
step 3) laser cutting and disassembling
Starting a servo motor of the power unit, driving the clamping unit to rotate around the central axis through transmission of the transmission unit, simultaneously starting a laser generator of the laser cutting unit, transmitting laser to a laser cutting head through a laser transmission optical cable, focusing the laser beam on an outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled by using the laser cutting head, and further cutting the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled;
after the compressor to be disassembled synchronously rotates for 1 week under the driving of the clamping unit, the cutting is finished; in the cutting process, a laser distance meter is used for measuring the distance d between the laser cutting head and the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled in real time along the radial direction of the central axis of the clamping unit and transmitting the distance d to a control system, and the control system controls the moving unit to keep the distance d as the focal length of the laser cutting head;
step 4) compressor disassembly
After the outer housing of the disassembled compressor is cut, the laser cutting unit is closed firstly, then the power unit is closed, the clamping unit is released from clamping the compressor, the compressor is disassembled, and the shell opening and disassembling of the compressor are completed.
In the steps 2) and 3), the focal length of the laser cutting head is 200mm
In the step 3), the laser generator is a fiber laser, a continuous light emitting mode is adopted, the laser power is 10KW, and the laser wavelength is 1064 nm; the power unit is powered by a servo motor, the servo motor is controlled by a control system, the main gear and the auxiliary gear are driven to rotate together for a circle, and the rotating speed of the main gear and the auxiliary gear in the cutting process is 10 r/min.
Example 3:
in this embodiment, there are 5 sets of clamping units, and the numbers of the auxiliary gears in the laser cutting unit and the transmission unit which are correspondingly configured are matched with those of the auxiliary gears. The module and the tooth number of the main gear and each pinion are the same, the module of the gear is 1.25, and the tooth number is 320.
In order to adapt to the diversity of compressor clamping, two of the 5 clamping units adopt two-jaw chucks, three adopt three-jaw chucks, and all adopt a manual clamping mode, and the diameter of each chuck is 40 cm.
The maximum distance of the displacement of the moving unit along the Z axis and the displacement along the radial direction of the central axis of the corresponding clamping unit is set to be 200mm, and the moving speed is 3 m/min.
The compressor disassembling method based on the device for disassembling the compressor by adopting the laser comprises the following steps:
step 1) clamping of compressor
Selecting a matched clamping unit according to the shape of the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled, and clamping and fixing the compressor to be disassembled;
step 2) adjustment of the position of the laser cutting head
The control system controls the moving unit to adjust the laser cutting head, so that the height of the laser cutting head is consistent with the height of the cutting position required by the compressor to be disassembled in the Z-axis direction, and the radial distance d between the laser cutting head and the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled along the central axis of the clamping unit is the focal length of the laser cutting head;
step 3) laser cutting and disassembling
Starting a servo motor of the power unit, driving the clamping unit to rotate around the central axis through transmission of the transmission unit, simultaneously starting a laser generator of the laser cutting unit, transmitting laser to a laser cutting head through a laser transmission optical cable, focusing the laser beam on an outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled by using the laser cutting head, and further cutting the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled;
after the compressor to be disassembled synchronously rotates for 1 week under the driving of the clamping unit, the cutting is finished; in the cutting process, a laser distance meter is used for measuring the distance d between the laser cutting head and the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled in real time along the radial direction of the central axis of the clamping unit and transmitting the distance d to a control system, and the control system controls the moving unit to keep the distance d as the focal length of the laser cutting head;
step 4) compressor disassembly
After the outer housing of the disassembled compressor is cut, the laser cutting unit is closed firstly, then the power unit is closed, the clamping unit is released from clamping the compressor, the compressor is disassembled, and the shell opening and disassembling of the compressor are completed.
In the steps 2) and 3), the focal length of the laser cutting head is 100mm
In the step 3), the laser generator is a fiber laser, a continuous light emitting mode is adopted, the laser power is 5KW, and the laser wavelength is 1064 nm; the power unit is powered by a servo motor, the servo motor is controlled by a control system, the main gear and the pinion are driven to rotate together for a circle, and the rotating speed of the main gear and the pinion is 5r/min in the cutting process.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an adopt laser to disassemble device of compressor for disassemble the outside housing of compressor, the outside housing is by last cover body and the airtight shell structure of cover body welding formation down, characterized by adopt laser to disassemble device structure setting of compressor:
the power unit, the transmission unit, the clamping unit, the moving unit and the laser cutting unit are integrated and assembled on the machine body rack, are respectively electrically connected with the control system and are controlled by the control system;
the power unit provides power, and the power unit drives the plurality of clamping units to synchronously rotate around each central axis along the Z axis through transmission of the transmission unit;
the clamping units are used for clamping and fixing the compressor to be disassembled and driving the compressor to be disassembled to synchronously rotate, and the plurality of clamping units are distributed on the machine body rack at equal intervals along the circumferential direction;
each clamping unit is provided with a set of laser cutting unit, the laser cutting unit emits laser beams by means of a laser generator, the laser beams are transmitted to a laser cutting head through a laser transmission optical cable, the laser cutting heads which are arranged along the radial direction corresponding to the central axis of the clamping unit and point to the rotary central axis of the clamping unit are used for focusing the laser beams on an outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled, and a laser distance meter is arranged for measuring the distance between the laser cutting head and the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled along the radial direction of the central axis of the clamping unit and transmitting the distance to the control system;
the moving unit is a two-axis moving platform and is used as a carrier of the laser cutting head and used for driving the laser cutting head to move along the Z axis and move along the radial direction of the middle axis of the corresponding clamping unit.
2. The apparatus for disassembling compressor using laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the power unit is powered by the servo motor and is output to the transmission unit through the speed reducer;
the transmission unit is a planetary gear transmission mechanism, a gear shaft of a main gear is connected with an output shaft of a speed reducer, a plurality of auxiliary gears which are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the clamping units are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction and are respectively meshed with the main gear, and the clamping units are fixedly connected with the gear shaft ends of the corresponding auxiliary gears to form synchronous rotating components with the auxiliary gears.
3. The apparatus for disassembling compressor using laser as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the speed reducer is an RV worm gear speed reducer.
4. The apparatus for disassembling compressor using laser as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the module and the tooth number of the main gear and each pinion are the same, the module of the gear is 1-2, and the tooth number is 200 and 400.
5. The apparatus for disassembling compressor using laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the clamping unit is composed of a chuck base and a chuck fixedly arranged on the chuck base, the chuck is one of a two-jaw chuck, a three-jaw chuck, a four-jaw chuck and a five-jaw chuck, and the compressor to be disassembled is clamped and fixed on the chuck.
6. The apparatus for disassembling compressor using laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the laser generator of the laser cutting unit is connected with the laser cutting head through a laser transmission optical cable, and the laser range finder is installed on the laser cutting head.
7. The apparatus for disassembling compressor using laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the machine body rack is provided with a top frame which is suspended right above each clamping unit through a vertical rod positioned at the circle center position of each clamping unit, the top frame is provided with a plurality of suspension rods which radiate outwards by taking the vertical rod as the center corresponding to each moving unit, and the suspension rods suspend and fix the moving units on the periphery of the corresponding clamping units; the bottom of the machine body rack is supported by a stand column made of aviation aluminum profiles, and universal wheels are installed at the bottom of the stand column.
8. The apparatus for disassembling compressor using laser as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the maximum displacement distance of the laser cutting head driven by the moving unit along the Z axis and along the radial direction of the central axis of the corresponding clamping unit is set to be 100-400mm, and the moving speed is 1-5 m/min.
9. A method for disassembling a compressor based on the apparatus for disassembling a compressor using a laser according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
step 1) clamping of compressor
Selecting a matched clamping unit according to the shape of the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled, and clamping and fixing the compressor to be disassembled;
step 2) adjustment of the position of the laser cutting head
The control system controls the moving unit to adjust the laser cutting head, so that the height of the laser cutting head is consistent with the height of the cutting position required by the compressor to be disassembled in the Z-axis direction, and the radial distance d between the laser cutting head and the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled along the central axis of the clamping unit is the focal length of the laser cutting head;
step 3) laser cutting and disassembling
Starting a servo motor of the power unit, driving the clamping unit to rotate around the central axis through transmission of the transmission unit, simultaneously starting a laser generator of the laser cutting unit, transmitting laser to a laser cutting head through a laser transmission optical cable, focusing the laser beam on an outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled by using the laser cutting head, and further cutting the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled;
after the compressor to be disassembled synchronously rotates for 1 week under the driving of the clamping unit, the cutting is finished; in the cutting process, a laser distance meter is used for measuring the distance d between the laser cutting head and the outer housing of the compressor to be disassembled in real time along the radial direction of the central axis of the clamping unit and transmitting the distance d to a control system, and the control system controls the moving unit to keep the distance d as the focal length of the laser cutting head;
step 4) compressor disassembly
After the outer housing of the disassembled compressor is cut, the laser cutting unit is closed firstly, then the power unit is closed, the clamping of the clamping unit on the compressor is released, the compressor is disassembled, and the shell opening and disassembling of the compressor are completed.
10. A method for disassembling a compressor according to claim 9, wherein:
in the step 2) and the step 3), the focal length of the laser cutting head is 60-200 mm;
in the step 3), the laser generator is a fiber laser, a continuous light emitting mode is adopted, the laser power is 1-10KW, and the laser wavelength is 1064 nm; the servo motor is controlled by a control system to drive the main gear and the pinion to rotate together for a circle, and the rotating speed of the main gear and the pinion is 1-10r/min in the cutting process.
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| CN201911257374.0A CN111299854A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Device and method for disassembling compressor by adopting laser |
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| CN201911257374.0A CN111299854A (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2019-12-10 | Device and method for disassembling compressor by adopting laser |
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| US20160076374A1 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2016-03-17 | General Electric Company | Laser net shape manufactured component using an adaptive toolpath deposition method |
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Application publication date: 20200619 |
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