CN111294686B - 具有通风孔的耳机 - Google Patents

具有通风孔的耳机 Download PDF

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CN111294686B
CN111294686B CN201911221088.9A CN201911221088A CN111294686B CN 111294686 B CN111294686 B CN 111294686B CN 201911221088 A CN201911221088 A CN 201911221088A CN 111294686 B CN111294686 B CN 111294686B
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protrusion
earplug
earphone
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groove
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CN111294686A (zh
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奥勒·伯奇
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GN Audio AS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1041—Mechanical or electronic switches, or control elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
    • H04R1/1075—Mountings of transducers in earphones or headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1083—Reduction of ambient noise
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17873—General system configurations using a reference signal without an error signal, e.g. pure feedforward
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/10—Applications
    • G10K2210/108—Communication systems, e.g. where useful sound is kept and noise is cancelled
    • G10K2210/1081—Earphones, e.g. for telephones, ear protectors or headsets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/10—Details of earpieces, attachments therefor, earphones or monophonic headphones covered by H04R1/10 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/107—Monophonic and stereophonic headphones with microphone for two-way hands free communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/01—Hearing devices using active noise cancellation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/11—Aspects relating to vents, e.g. shape, orientation, acoustic properties in ear tips of hearing devices to prevent occlusion

Abstract

一种耳机，包括壳体、扬声器、沿着突出轴线延伸并包括内突出表面和外突出表面的扬声器突出部、包括内耳塞表面和外耳塞表面的弹性耳塞。耳塞可拆卸地附接到扬声器突出部，使得外突出表面在沿着突出轴线延伸的邻接区中邻接内耳塞表面的邻接部分。耳塞适于插入到使用者的外耳中，使得其邻接使用者的耳道，从而至少在扬声器、内突出表面、内耳塞表面和耳道之间提供腔体。耳机设置有耦接腔体与周围环境的通风通道，其中，通风通道包括位于外突出表面或内耳塞表面中的凹槽。通风通道设置在外突出表面中的凹槽和内耳塞表面之间或设置在内耳塞表面中的凹槽和外突出表面之间。凹槽包括在正交于突出轴线的平面中延伸的第一凹槽部分。

Description

具有通风孔的耳机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种耳机，该耳机包括壳体、扬声器、沿着突出轴线延伸并包括内突出表面和外突出表面的扬声器突出部、包括内耳塞表面和外耳塞表面的弹性耳塞(eargel)，其中，耳塞可拆卸地附接到扬声器突出部，使得外突出表面在邻接区中邻接内耳塞表面的一部分，耳塞适于插入到使用者的外耳中，使得外耳塞表面邻接使用者的耳道，从而在扬声器、内突出表面、内耳塞表面和耳道之间提供腔体，并且其中，该耳机设置有使腔体与周围环境耦接的泄漏孔/通风孔，其中，通风孔包括位于外突出表面或内耳塞表面中的凹槽，从而在凹槽和内耳塞表面或外突出表面之间提供通风通道。
背景技术
上述类型的耳机可用于听声音(诸如，音乐)。如果其具体化为头戴式耳机或其是头戴式耳机的一部分，则其可用于双向通信。其可以是有线的并插入到智能手机或电脑中，或者其可以是无线的并设置有收发器(诸如，蓝牙收发器)。这种类型的耳机可密封地配合在耳道的入口中，这可提供一些优点但也有一些缺点。一个优点在于，可将周围环境噪音阻挡在外，以确保使用者在嘈杂的环境中可更好地听到由扬声器产生的声音。另一个优点在于，需要更少的能量来提供高质量的声音，尤其是在较低频率下。一个缺点在于，当插入耳塞时，在耳道中可能出现高气压，这可能导致使用者的不适和/或损坏扬声器膜和/或降低声音质量。因此，需要提供一种提供了压力均衡而不消除由密封/紧密配合所提供的正面声学特性的受控通风孔。
US 7,784,583公开了一种上述类型的具有设置成在腔体和周围环境之间在耳塞中延伸的薄通道的通风孔的耳机类型。US 9,237,394公开了一种上述类型的耳机，其中凹槽设置在耳塞的内表面中，从而在耳塞和外突出表面之间提供通风通道。同样，US 8,189,846 B公开了一种耳机，其中通风通道设置在耳塞的内侧上。
发明内容
根据初始部分的耳机的特征在于，凹槽包括在正交于突出轴线的平面中延伸的第一凹槽部分。在制造扬声器突出部或耳塞期间易于提供这种通道，并且由于第一凹槽部分在正交于突出轴线的平面中延伸，因此可得到通道的一定长度而不用将扬声器突出部制造得不必要的长。
根据一个实施例，第一凹槽部分具有至少为5mm、10mm、12mm、16mm或20mm的长度。
根据一个实施例，第一凹槽部分在外突出表面中并且至少沿着外突出表面的外围的四分之一、三分之一或一半延伸。
根据一个实施例，第一凹槽部分与连接内突出表面和外突出表面的贯穿钻孔连通。
根据一个实施例，第二凹槽部分在外突出表面中从第一凹槽部分沿着突出轴线延伸超出邻接区。
根据一个实施例，通风通道的横截面小于2mm2、1mm2、0.8mm2或0.5mm2。
根据一个实施例，第一凹槽部分设置在内耳塞表面中。
根据一个实施例，邻接区沿着扬声器突出部的整个长度延伸。
根据一个实施例，第二凹槽部分延伸到壳体的外侧中。
根据一个实施例，扬声器突出部具有椭圆形横截面。
根据一个实施例，在任何给定的位置处，第一凹槽部分垂直于从突出轴线正交地延伸到该给定位置的轴线延伸。
根据一个实施例，通风通道的尺寸形成为提供大约20Hz的截止频率。
根据一个实施例，在耳机壳体中设置有反馈式有源噪音消除麦克风。
本发明还涉及一种头戴式耳机，该头戴式耳机包括上述耳机和用于获取头戴式耳机的使用者的声音的至少一个语音麦克风。
附图说明
在下文中参考示出了本发明的优选实施例的附图对本发明进行详细解释，并且其中：
图1是根据本发明的第一实施例的具有扬声器突出部和耳塞的耳机的透视图，
图2是耳机的另一透视图，
图3是耳机的俯视图，
图4是其中移除了耳塞的头戴式耳机的透视图，
图5是具有扬声器突出部的区域的透视图，
图6是从另一角度示出的图5的区域，
图7是穿过扬声器突出部和耳塞的横截面图，
图8是穿过耳塞的横截面图，
图9是穿过第二实施例的横截面图，以及
图10是穿过第二实施例的另一横截面图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2是根据本发明的第一实施例的具有扬声器突出部和耳塞5的耳机1的透视图。耳机1被具体化为用于双向通信的无线头戴式耳机。头戴式耳机1包括壳体2、扬声器突出部4和附接到扬声器突出部4的弹性材料的耳塞5。壳体2容纳扬声器、信号处理电子器件、DA/AD转换器、可充电电池、蓝牙TM收发器等。壳体2中的麦克风开口16提供了对麦克风的声学访问。头戴式耳机1是包括两个耳机1(每个耳机用于一个耳朵)的“完全无线”头戴式耳机的一部分。它们都经由蓝牙TM标准与智能手机等连通。然而，它们也可适于直接彼此连通，例如，通过磁感应。图1中示出的头戴式耳机1也可单独作为单耳头戴式耳机使用。在耳塞5插入使用者的耳道中后，头戴式耳机1由于在耳塞5的可变形的耳塞裙部25和耳道开口的内壁之间的摩擦而保持在位。头戴式耳机1适用于使用者的右耳。
图3是耳机1的俯视图。扬声器突出部4和耳塞5具有椭圆形横截面。设置充电站19以为头戴式耳机1的电池充电。耳塞5的声音出口20在使用期间将声音从扬声器传递到使用者的耳道。
图4是其中移除了耳塞5的头戴式耳机1的透视图。耳塞5能用不同尺寸的其它耳塞替代，以使头戴式耳机1适合于使用者的耳朵。或可取下耳塞以进行清洁或由于磨损而替换。作为壳体2的整体部分的扬声器突出部4在Z方向上大约为2.7mm高。扬声器突出部具有柄部分21和具有比柄部分21更大的直径的边缘部分18。柄部分21在最宽的位置处为大约7.8mm宽并在最窄的位置处为5.4mm宽。边缘部分18在Z方向上大约为1.5mm高。边缘部分在最宽的位置处为大约9mm宽并在最窄的位置处为大约6.6mm宽。扬声器突出部4的内径在大约4.0mm至6.4mm之间变化。边缘部分18中的贯通钻孔11和边缘部分18的外突出表面中的凹槽8将在下文关于图5和图6的描述中进一步地解释。
图8是耳塞5的横截面图。耳塞5具有芯体部分22和外部耳塞裙部25。耳塞5分为坚硬部分23和柔软部分24。柔软部分24包括芯体部分22的上部和薄壁柔性耳塞裙部25。芯体部分22的下部坚硬部分23由更坚硬的材料制成，并与柔软部分24共同模塑。耳塞裙部25适于在插入以提供紧密配合时进入耳道。芯体部分22的坚硬部分23具有芯体凹部32和下芯体边缘26。
图5和图6是具有扬声器突出部4的区域的不同透视图。扬声器突出部4具有柄部分21和具有比柄部分21更大的直径的边缘部分18。扬声器突出部4的边缘部分18适于接收在耳塞5的芯体凹部32中。坚硬部分23具有足够的弹性以在耳塞5附接到扬声器突出部4时膨胀。外突出表面6具有第一凹槽部分14和第二凹槽部分15。第一凹槽部分14围绕扬声器突出部4的外围在大致正交于扬声器突出轴线Z的平面中延伸大约180度。第一凹槽部分14为大约0.5mm宽且0.25mm深。第一凹槽部分14在一个端部处与大致平行于突出轴线Z超出柄部分21延伸到出口31的第二凹槽部分15连通。第一凹槽部分14的另一端部与从外突出表面6延伸到内突出表面12的贯通钻孔11连通。该钻孔具有大约0.5mm的直径。当耳塞5附接到扬声器突出部4时，通风通道9从扬声器突出部4的内侧到周围环境设置。该通风通道9由钻孔11、第一凹槽部分14和第二凹槽部分15以及耳塞5的坚硬部分23界定。
图7是穿过扬声器突出部4和耳塞5的横截面图。扬声器3示意性地示出在壳体2内侧。在突出轴线Z的左边可看到钻孔11。在突出轴线Z的右边可看到壳体2中的第二凹槽部分15和出口31。第一凹槽部分14在钻孔11和第二凹槽部分15之间在图7的平面之后延伸。当耳机1插入到使用者的耳朵中时，在扬声器3、前室壁33、内突出表面12、内耳塞表面10和使用者的耳朵之间建立“前室”或腔体7。在插入耳朵中期间，如果头戴式耳机1没有设置通风通道9，则腔体中的气压将升高。如果不存在通风通道，则高气压可导致使用者的不适，因为鼓膜将暴露在高压下。同样，扬声器隔膜可能暴露在这种高压下，导致其可能破裂。通风通道9具有12mm的长度，并且因此起到低通滤波器的作用，实际上，其仅允许频率低于20Hz的声音通过。因此，气压与周围环境气压实时均衡。然而，由于仅是非常低的频率通过通风通道，实际上，腔体在声学上是闭合的。因此保持了闭合腔体在声学上的优点。通风通道9的低通滤波器特征由长度和横截面限定。如果横截面也非常小，则20Hz的截止频率也可通过短得多的通道获得。然而，与扬声器突出轴线Z平行延伸的通道将单独具有这种小的横截面，使得制造具有均匀特性的产品可能存在问题，因为公差和磨损的模具将影响该特性。
图9和10是替代实施例的示意性横截面图。此时，第一凹槽部分14设置在内耳塞表面10中。第一凹槽部分14的一个端部与在耳塞的芯体部分22中的钻孔30连通。第一凹槽部分14的另一端部与扬声器突出部4中的第一钻孔28连通。由于芯体部分22和扬声器突出部4具有椭圆形横截面，因此耳塞5可附接到相对于彼此位移180度的两个位置中。如果耳塞附接到如图10所示的其它位置，则第一凹槽部分14将与扬声器突出部中的第二钻孔29连通。因此，将在任何情况下提供通风通道，使得使用者无法以错误的方式附接耳塞。
扬声器突出部4和耳塞5的横截面可具有其它形状并且例如是圆形的。
参考标记
Figure BDA0002300871000000081
Figure BDA0002300871000000091

Claims (12)

1.一种耳机，包括壳体、扬声器、沿着突出轴线延伸并包括内突出表面和外突出表面的扬声器突出部、包括内耳塞表面和外耳塞表面的弹性耳塞，其中，所述耳塞能拆卸地附接到所述扬声器突出部，使得所述外突出表面在沿着所述突出轴线延伸的邻接区中邻接所述内耳塞表面的邻接部分，所述耳塞适于插入到使用者的外耳中，使得所述耳塞邻接使用者的耳道，从而至少在所述扬声器、所述内突出表面、所述内耳塞表面和所述耳道之间提供腔体，并且其中，所述耳机设置有耦接所述腔体与周围环境的通风通道，其中，所述通风通道包括位于所述外突出表面或所述内耳塞表面中的凹槽，所述通风通道设置在所述外突出表面中的所述凹槽和所述内耳塞表面之间或设置在所述内耳塞表面中的所述凹槽和所述外突出表面之间，其中，所述凹槽包括在正交于所述突出轴线的平面中延伸的第一凹槽部分；并且其中，所述第一凹槽部分与连接所述内突出表面和所述外突出表面的贯穿钻孔连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耳机，其中，所述第一凹槽部分具有至少5mm、10mm、12mm、16mm或20mm的长度。
3.根据权利要求2所述的耳机，其中，所述第一凹槽部分在所述外突出表面中并至少沿着所述外突出表面的外围的四分之一、三分之一或一半延伸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耳机，其中，第二凹槽部分在所述外突出表面中从所述第一凹槽部分沿着所述突出轴线延伸超出所述邻接区。
5.根据权利要求4所述的耳机，其中，所述通风通道的横截面小于2mm2、1mm2、0.8mm2或0.5mm2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的耳机，其中，所述第一凹槽部分设置在所述内耳塞表面中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的耳机，其中，所述邻接区沿着所述扬声器突出部的整个长度延伸。
8.根据权利要求4所述的耳机，其中，所述第二凹槽部分延伸到所述壳体的外侧中。
9.根据权利要求8所述的耳机，其中，所述扬声器突出部具有椭圆形横截面。
10.根据权利要求9所述的耳机，其中，所述通风通道的尺寸形成为提供20Hz的截止频率。
11.根据权利要求10所述的耳机，其中，在所述耳机的所述壳体中设置有反馈式有源噪音消除麦克风。
12.一种头戴式耳机，包括根据权利要求11所述的耳机和用于获取所述头戴式耳机的使用者的声音的至少一个语音麦克风。
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