CN111293743B - Recharging device, method for operating a recharging device, and vehicle - Google Patents

Recharging device, method for operating a recharging device, and vehicle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN111293743B
CN111293743B CN201911241181.6A CN201911241181A CN111293743B CN 111293743 B CN111293743 B CN 111293743B CN 201911241181 A CN201911241181 A CN 201911241181A CN 111293743 B CN111293743 B CN 111293743B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
recharging
connection
branch
series
battery cells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201911241181.6A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN111293743A (en
Inventor
B.科内留斯
R.库贝
C.维克
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of CN111293743A publication Critical patent/CN111293743A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN111293743B publication Critical patent/CN111293743B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Abstract

A recharging device, a method for operating a recharging device and a vehicle. The present invention relates to: recharging device for a battery pack, wherein the battery pack comprises a series connection of at least two battery cells, wherein the positive electrode of each odd battery cell and the negative electrode of each even battery cell of the series connection of all battery cells or of a first subset of battery cells are connectable to a first connection line via a switching element, wherein the positive electrode of each even battery cell and the negative electrode of each odd battery cell are connectable to a further connection line via a switching element, the recharging device comprising at least one first recharging branch, the first connection end of the recharging branch being connectable to the first connection line, the other connection end of the recharging branch being connectable to the further connection line, the recharging branch comprising a series connection of at least one capacitive element and at least one inductive element; as well as a method for operating a recharging device and a vehicle having a battery pack and a recharging device.

Description

Recharging device, method for operating a recharging device, and vehicle
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a recharging device for a battery pack and a method for operating such a recharging device. The invention also relates to a vehicle with such a recharging device.
Background
DE 102005045507 A1 discloses a charging method for extending the service life of a battery and a device for carrying out the method.
DE 102017037094A1 discloses a charge compensation circuit for a plurality of battery cells connected in series and a method for predictively controlling charge compensation between such battery cells.
Also known is M.Daowd et al, "A review of passive and active battery balancing based on Matlab/Simuling", international Review of Electrical Engineering, copyright 2011. This document discloses different circuit topologies for so-called passive and active compensation of different battery cells of a battery.
Methods for so-called active charge compensation and methods for so-called passive charge compensation are known.
Passive compensation of the state of charge disadvantageously generates undesirably high thermal energy, in particular because excessively high states of charge are reduced by the passing current through the resistor. The available capacity is also reduced by the thermal energy, in particular the values for the thermal energy.
The circuit topology of so-called active compensation circuits usually comprises a plurality of switching elements in order to establish or to disconnect the current paths that are required for compensation. What is desirable is: the number of switching elements required is reduced.
Also known are: in the case of active charge compensation, high currents may occur, which may be detrimental to the operational capabilities of the recharging device.
Thus, the following technical problems are presented: a recharging device for a battery pack, a method for operating such a recharging device, and a vehicle having such a recharging device are provided, which facilitate improved assurance of the operational capabilities of the recharging device. The following problems are also presented: providing a low cost recharging device, in particular a recharging device in which the number of switching elements is reduced to a minimum; and reducing thermal energy generated during charge compensation.
Disclosure of Invention
The solution to this technical problem is achieved by the subject matter according to the invention. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the description below.
A recharging device for a battery is proposed, wherein the battery comprises a series connection of at least two battery cells. Preferably, the battery comprises a series connection of more than two battery cells, in particular three, four, five, six, seven, eight or nine or more than nine battery cells. In this case, the series connection may include an odd number of battery cells or an even number of battery cells.
The battery pack may in particular form a vehicle battery pack or a part of a vehicle battery pack. The vehicle battery pack may in particular be a traction battery pack for providing energy for operating an electric machine for driving the vehicle.
The positive electrode of each odd battery cell and the negative electrode of each even battery cell in the series of all battery cells or the negative electrode of each odd battery cell in the series of the first subset of the battery cells can be connected to the first connection line by a switching element. In this case, the first subset may include a plurality, but not all, of the battery cells of the battery pack, wherein however the battery cells of the first subset are all battery cells in series.
In this case, the odd numbered battery cells represent odd numbered battery cells, wherein the ordinal numbers represent the placement of the battery cells in the order of the battery cells connected in series. In other words, the ordinal number is used to characterize the position of the battery cell within the row of series-connected battery cells. Thus, the odd battery cells are, for example, the first battery cell of the series, the third battery cell of the series, the fifth battery cell of the series, and so on. Correspondingly, even number of battery cells represents even numbered battery cells. The even number of battery cells is, for example, the second battery cell of the series, the fourth battery cell of the series, the sixth battery cell of the series, and so on.
It is possible that: each positive electrode of each odd battery cell and each negative electrode of each even battery cell can be connected to the first connection line through one switching element each, wherein the switching elements are configured independently of each other. However, if the negative electrode of the even battery cell is connected with the positive electrode of the odd battery cell, the poles may be connected with the first connection line through a common switching element.
Furthermore, the positive electrode of each even battery cell and the negative electrode of each odd battery cell in the series of all battery cells or the negative electrode of each even battery cell of the first subset of these battery cells can be connected with another connection line, i.e. the second connection line, by means of a switching element.
It is possible that: all positive electrodes of each even-numbered battery cell and all negative electrodes of each odd-numbered battery cell can be connected to the other connection line through switching elements configured independently of each other. However, if the negative electrode of the odd battery cells is connected with the positive electrode of the even battery cells, these poles may be connectable with the other connection line through a common switching element.
Therefore, in this case, the number of switching elements may be one more than the number of battery cells connected in series.
For the purposes of the present invention, "connected" means: the elements connected to each other may be electrically, in particular directly. A direct connection may indicate a connection via an electrical connection element, such as a wire, but not via an electrical or electronic device.
In this case, the recharging device comprises the illustrated switching element for connecting the poles of the battery cells with the corresponding connection lines. The switching element can be embodied in particular as an electronic switching element, in particular as a MOSFET or an IGBT.
The device further comprises the described connection line.
The recharging device further comprises at least one first recharging branch, which may also be referred to as first recharging portion. In this case, the first connection end of the recharging branch is connected or connectable to the first connection line, in particular by means of exactly one or at least one switching element, or is connectable, in particular permanently connected. The other connection of the recharging branch is furthermore connected or connectable, in particular by means of exactly one or at least one switching element, to the other connection line, in particular permanently.
In this case, the first connection line and the other connection line (the other connection line may also be referred to as a second connection line) are configured as connection lines different from each other.
The first and second connection ends of the recharging branch are different connection ends of the recharging branch from each other. Thus, the recharging branch may comprise an overall or total circuit of electrical or electronic devices arranged between a first connection end and another connection end of the recharging branch.
It is possible that the first connection end can be connected not only to the first connection line but also to another connection line, in particular by means of a switching element, for example by means of a switching element. However, the first connection terminal cannot be connected to both the first connection line and the other connection line at the same time. In other words, the first connection terminal connectable with the first connection line and the other connection line may be connected with the first connection line in the first state but not with the other connection line, and connected with the other connection line in the other state but not with the first connection line. However, as will be explained further below, it is also possible in particular to: the first connection end is connected or connectable with the first connection line but is not connected or connectable with the further connection line. In other words, this may mean: the recharging device is configured such that an electrical connection cannot be established between the first connection end and the further connection line.
Correspondingly, it is possible to: the further connection can be connected both to the first connection line and to the further connection line, in particular by means of a switching element, for example by means of a changeover switching element. However, the other connection terminal cannot be connected to both the first connection line and the other connection line at the same time. In other words, the other connection terminal connectable with the first connection line and the other connection line may be connected with the first connection line in the first state but not with the other connection line, and connected with the other connection line in the other state but not with the first connection line. However, as will be explained further below, it is also possible in particular to: the other connection end is connected or connectable with the other connection line, but is not connected or connectable with the first connection line. In other words, this may mean: the recharging device is configured such that an electrical connection cannot be established between the first connection end and the further connection line.
According to the invention, the recharging branch comprises at least one capacitive element and at least one series connection of inductive elements. The recharging branch including the series may mean: the recharging branch also comprises other electrical or electronic devices in addition to the series. In this case, the capacitive element can be configured in particular as a capacitor. The inductive element can be configured in particular as a coil. The resonant circuit is formed by a series connection of at least one capacitive element and at least one inductive element.
Preferably, the recharging branches are formed by such a series connection. In this case, the recharging branch therefore comprises only the illustrated series.
The capacitive element of the recharging branch may also be referred to as a recharging capacitor. The capacitive element serves as a buffer for the electrical energy/charge during charge compensation. In this case, the process of charge compensation between the different battery cells may include a discharging process and a charging process.
Thus, for example, it is possible to: during discharge, charge is transferred from one or more battery cells into the capacitive element, in particular by a corresponding passing current. After this transfer has ended, the electrical energy/charge can then be transferred from the capacitive element of the recharging branch into the battery cell or cells during the charging process, in particular likewise by means of a corresponding passing current. In this case, the battery cell from which the electrical energy is transferred during discharge into the capacitive element of the recharging branch is preferably not part of the battery cell into which the electrical energy/charge is transferred from the capacitive element of the recharging branch during charging. Preferably, all battery cells in the capacitive element from which electrical energy/charge is transferred to the recharging branch during discharging are different from the battery cells in which electrical energy/charge is transferred from the capacitive element of the recharging branch during charging.
Thanks to the presence of an inductive element in the recharging branch, it is advantageously obtained: an undesirably high current cannot occur during the discharging process or the charging process. Hereby, advantageously, the operational capacity of the recharging device is ensured in an improved manner.
The recharging device may of course comprise at least one control means for controlling the switching element, in particular for adjusting the switching time point of the switching element. The control device may be configured as a computing device or comprise such a computing device. The computing device may be configured in particular as a microcontroller or as an integrated circuit, for example an FPGA.
The recharging apparatus may further comprise analysis means. The analysis device and the described control device can be configured as a common device. The analysis device may also be configured as a computing device or comprise such a computing device. The parameters which are described further below can be evaluated by means of an evaluation device.
In another embodiment, the recharging branch comprises a series connection of at least one capacitive element, at least one inductive element and at least one resistive element. The resistive element can be designed in particular as a resistor. However, it is also possible that: the recharging branch does not include or contain a resistive element. Preferably, the recharging branches are formed by the described series connection.
Thus, advantageously, it is obtained: the oscillation characteristics of the resonant circuit formed by the recharging branches may be adapted. In particular, the provision of a resistor enables the damping of such a resonant circuit and thus the desired electrical properties of the resonant circuit and thus of the recharging device to be adjusted.
In another embodiment, the series elements in the recharging branch form an undamped resonant circuit. By forming an undamped resonant circuit, ohmic losses during the recharging process are advantageously reduced. As a result, less thermal energy is transferred to the control board and less losses are formed in the components of the control electronics, which components can thus also be designed with correspondingly lower requirements. It is also advantageous to obtain a high efficiency in charge compensation, wherein the efficiency is referred to as the ratio of the charge taken from the battery cell/cells of the first part during discharge to the charge delivered to the battery cell/cells of the other part during charge.
It is also possible that: the series connected elements in the recharging branch form an underdamped resonant circuit. In this case, an underdamped resonant circuit means a resonant circuit in which the state variables, in particular the current and the voltage, at the connection end of the resonant circuit carry out a plurality of oscillation processes, i.e. a plurality of oscillation cycles, in which the amplitude of the oscillations decreases quantitatively over time and approaches a final value. A good compromise between a sufficiently high efficiency and ohmic losses in charge compensation is advantageously obtained thereby.
Alternatively, the series elements in the recharging branch form a damped resonant circuit, which may also be referred to as a damped resonant circuit. In this case, a damped resonant circuit means a resonant circuit in which the state variables, in particular the current and the voltage, at the connection end of the resonant circuit oscillate exactly one or exactly one half and then approach the end value without further oscillations.
Thus, advantageously, it is obtained: no computationally intensive analysis is required to determine the switching point in time at which the charge state is ended, since in the case of a damped resonant circuit the current through the recharging branch does not cross zero and thus no current flows back into the capacitive element of the recharging branch in an undesirable manner in the charge state. More specifically, the switching time point at which the state of charge is ended may be a predetermined period of time after the switching time point at which the state of charge is set.
In another embodiment, the first connection end of the recharging branch cannot be connected to the further connection line and the further connection end of the recharging branch cannot be connected to the first connection line. This has already been explained above. In particular, it is possible to: the first connection end is permanently connected or connectable with the first connection line and the recharging device does not comprise means for establishing an electrical connection between the first connection end and the further connection line. Also conceivable are: the further connection end is permanently connected or connectable with the further connection line and the recharging device does not comprise means for establishing an electrical connection between the further connection end and the first connection line. In other words, no direct electrical connection can exist or cannot be established between the first connection end and the further connection line and between the further connection end and the first connection line. However, it is of course possible that: such an electrical connection is established by at least one electrical or electronic device, in particular by one battery cell or a series connection of at least two battery cells.
Thus, advantageously, it is obtained: the number of switching elements in the proposed recharging device for active charge compensation is reduced. That is, in particular, a switching element for connecting the first connection terminal with the other connection line and for connecting the other connection terminal with the first connection line are not required. Advantageously, this in turn enables a saving in manufacturing costs in terms of manufacturing the recharging device and in terms of construction space in terms of manufacturing the recharging device.
The computational effort for actuating the switching element is also advantageously reduced. This in turn enables: using a computing device that performs less well than a recharging device with more switching elements; and further cost savings.
In another embodiment, the battery includes a series connection of at least four battery cells. Preferably, the battery pack comprises a series connection of exactly nine or more than nine battery cells. Corresponding advantages are further elucidated hereinafter.
In another embodiment, the recharging device comprises other recharging branches. The other recharging branch comprises a series connection of at least one capacitive element and at least one inductive element. It is also possible that: the other recharging branch comprises a series connection of at least one capacitive element, at least one inductive element and at least one resistive element. Preferably, the other recharging branch is formed by one of the listed series. In other words, the other recharging branches are configured correspondingly to the recharging branches set forth above.
Furthermore, the first connection of the further recharging branch is connected or connectable, in particular by means of a switching element, to the third connection line, in particular permanently. The other connection of the further recharging branch is furthermore connected or connectable, in particular via a switching element, to the fourth connection line, in particular permanently.
The third and fourth connection lines are configured as connection lines different from each other. Furthermore, these connecting lines are also different from the first connecting line and the second connecting line set forth above. As already explained with respect to the first and second connection lines, it may be possible that: the first connection end of the other recharging branch cannot be connected to the fourth connection line. Also, the other connection end of the other recharging branch cannot be connected to the third connection line. Nor can these connection ends be connected to the first and second connection lines.
Furthermore, the positive electrode of each odd battery cell and the negative electrode of each even battery cell of all battery cells or another subset of the battery cells can be connected to the third connection line through a switching element. The other subset of battery cells includes a plurality of battery cells of the battery pack connected in series. However, in this case, the further subset of battery cells comprises at least one battery cell that is not part of the first subset of battery cells set forth above.
Alternatively, it is possible that: the positive electrode of each odd battery cell and the negative electrode of each even battery cell of the other battery pack can be connected to the third connection line through the switching element.
Furthermore, the positive electrode of each even-numbered battery cell and the negative electrode of each odd-numbered battery cell of all battery cells or of the other subset of the battery cells can be connected to the fourth connection line through a switching element.
Alternatively, it is possible that: the positive electrode of each even battery cell and the negative electrode of each odd battery cell of the other battery pack can be connected to the fourth connection line through the switching element.
Thus, advantageously, it is obtained: charge compensation may be achieved by a plurality of capacitive elements. In this way, the flexibility of recharging is advantageously obtained, too, as well as the possibility of using switching elements with a lower maximum compressive strength. In this way, costs can be saved in the production of the recharging device. Also advantageously obtained is: recharging between battery cells of different battery packs may also be achieved.
In another embodiment, the recharging device comprises: at least one means for detecting or determining a voltage across the capacitive element of the recharging branch; and at least one means for detecting or determining a voltage across the inductive element of the recharging branch.
The device for detecting can be configured in particular as a voltage sensor. However, the invention is of course not limited to a voltage sensor for detecting or determining a voltage. Alternatively or cumulatively, other means known to those skilled in the art for detecting or determining such voltages may be used. In this case, the device for detecting or determining can be connected to the analysis device described above in a data and/or signal-technical manner. Thus, advantageously, it is obtained: an improved control of the switching element of the recharging device, i.e. a control in dependence of the detected or determined voltage, can be achieved. This is further elucidated below.
A method for operating a recharging device according to one of the embodiments described in the present disclosure is also presented. In this case, a discharge state can be set, wherein in this discharge state the first part of the series connection of all battery cells is connected to the recharging branch. In this discharged state, electrical energy/charge may be transferred from the battery cell/cells into the at least one capacitive element of the recharging branch. This may also be referred to as a discharge process. The discharge state can be adjusted, for example, by actuating the corresponding switching element. In particular, in the discharge state, at least one battery cell of the first part can be discharged.
The first part of the series of all battery cells comprises at least one, however preferably a plurality of battery cells in the series of all battery cells, yet further preferably not all battery cells in the series. But it is also possible that: the first portion includes exactly one battery cell.
In the charged state, another part of the series connection of all battery cells is connected with the recharging branch. In this case, the other part of the battery cells comprises at least one, but preferably a plurality of battery cells in series of all battery cells. But it is also possible that: the other part includes exactly one battery cell.
Preferably, the first portion comprises more battery cells than the other portion. As a result, a rapid charge compensation over time is advantageously achieved.
In this state of charge, electrical energy/charge may be transferred from at least one capacitive element of the recharging branch into the one or more battery cells of the other part. This may also be referred to as a charging process. The state of charge can also be adjusted, in particular by actuating the corresponding switching element. Furthermore, at least one battery cell in the first portion is not part of the other portion. Preferably, none of the battery cells in the other part are battery cells in the first part (and vice versa). However, it is also possible that: the plurality of battery cells, but not all battery cells, in the first section are not part of the other section.
In this case, the adjustment of the discharge and charge states can be achieved by the control device described above. In particular, the discharge state may be set until the at least one capacitive element of the recharging branch has reached a predetermined charge state, in particular until the charge state has risen to a predetermined charge state, and/or until the one or more battery cells of the first part have reached a predetermined charge state, in particular until the charge state of the one or more battery cells has risen to a predetermined charge state.
The state of charge may be set until the one or more battery cells of the further part have respectively reached a predetermined (desired) state of charge, in particular until the state of charge of the one or more battery cells has risen to the predetermined state of charge, and/or until the state of charge of the at least one capacitive element has reached a predetermined threshold, in particular until the state of charge has fallen to a predetermined threshold.
In this case, the recharging device may comprise at least one means for detecting or determining the state of charge of at least one capacitive element of the recharging branch. The recharging device may further comprise at least one means for detecting the state of charge of the battery cells, preferably each battery cell, in the series of all battery cells.
The state "discharge state, charge state" or the sequence of "discharge state, no-load state, charge state" may be repeated periodically. In the states corresponding to each other in different cycles, the battery cells different from each other may be discharged or charged, respectively. For example, it is possible to: in the charge states of the temporally successive cycles, one of the odd battery cells is charged, respectively. After all the odd battery cells have been charged, one of the even battery cells may then be charged in the next, temporally successive cycles of charge state, respectively. The capacitor in the recharging branch may be recharged between a periodic sequence for charging the odd battery cells and a periodic sequence for charging the even battery cells, which recharging is further elucidated below.
Of course, it is also possible to: in the charge state of the temporally successive cycles, one of the even-numbered battery cells is charged, respectively. After all even-numbered battery cells have been charged, one of the odd-numbered battery cells may then be charged in a subsequent, temporally successive periodic state of charge, respectively. The capacitor in the recharging branch may be recharged between a periodic sequence for charging the even battery cells and a periodic sequence for charging the odd battery cells.
As a result, a method for performing charge compensation between different battery cells in a series connection of battery cells of a battery, which battery improves the securing of the working capacity, is advantageously achieved. In particular, the charging or discharging current, i.e. the magnitude of the current flowing in the discharged or charged state of the recharging device, is limited by at least one inductive element.
In a preferred embodiment, the first portion comprises more battery cells than the other portion. Preferably, the difference between the number of battery cells of the first portion and the number of battery cells of the other portion is greater than two. As a result, advantageously a short time period for charge compensation is obtained. Also advantageously obtained is: capacitive elements with low capacitance, in particular in the μf range, can be used which in turn reduces the manufacturing costs of the recharging circuit.
Further preferably, the first portion includes an odd number of battery cells. Further preferably, the other part also comprises an odd number of battery cells.
In a further embodiment, the first part comprises at least three, in particular exactly three battery cells. In this embodiment, the other portion may include exactly one battery cell. Thus, high efficiency is advantageously obtained. In particular when exactly one battery cell should be charged, i.e. when the other part comprises exactly one battery cell, the highest possible efficiency is obtained, wherein a fast charge compensation over time can be achieved.
In a further embodiment, the switching point in time for establishing or disconnecting a part of the series, i.e. the first part or the further part, from the recharging branch is selected such that the magnitude of the current flowing through the recharging branch at this point in time, which may also be referred to as the current through the recharging branch, is zero or does not deviate from zero by more than a predetermined extent. The point in time when the magnitude of the current through the recharging branch is zero or does not deviate from zero by more than a predetermined degree may also be referred to as the zero current point in time. The time point can thus be, in particular, a time point for setting or ending a charge state or for setting or ending a discharge state. This time is in particular the time for ending the state of charge.
In this way, a high efficiency of charge compensation, a further improvement of the securing of the operating capacity and a reduction of the switching losses are advantageously achieved.
In connection with this, it should be noted that: in a recharging branch formed by an undamped resonant circuit, the current through the recharging branch, in particular in the discharged state, can have zero crossings and thus sign transitions. Thus, current may flow back from the battery cells into the capacitive element, whereby these battery cells may be discharged again and thus the efficiency of charge compensation is reduced. Zero crossings are not possible in the damped resonant circuit. In this case, however, the switching point in time may be selected such that the current through the recharging branch does not deviate from zero by more than a predetermined degree.
The recharging device may further comprise means for detecting or determining the current flowing through the recharging branch. The recharging device may further comprise means for predicting a point in time of a zero crossing of the current. The device may be constructed, for example, by an analysis or control device. For example, it is conceivable to: at least one current value or a time course of the current value of the current through the recharging branch is detected or determined, wherein a (future) point in time at which the magnitude of the current through the recharging branch is zero or does not deviate from zero by more than a predetermined extent is then determined (predicted) from the current value or the time course of the current value. Next, the switching time point of the switching element for establishing or disconnecting the illustrated connection may be selected as the time point.
In another embodiment, a voltage across at least one capacitive element of the recharging branch and a voltage across at least one inductive element of the recharging branch are determined or detected. A homodyne time point is also determined at which the voltage across the at least one capacitive element does not deviate from the voltage across the at least one inductive element or deviates from the voltage across the at least one inductive element by more than a predetermined extent. In this way, for example, a point in time can be determined at which the voltage across the at least one capacitive element exceeds the voltage across the at least one inductive element for the first time after a reference point in time, which is described further below.
Furthermore, a switching time point for establishing or disconnecting a connection of one part of the series, i.e. the first part or the further part, to the recharging branch is determined as a function of the homodyne time point. The starting point may be, in particular: the above-described points in time at which the current through the recharging branch is zero or does not deviate from zero by more than a predetermined extent remain associated, in particular functionally associated, with the described homodyne point in time. For example, the zero current time point may be a predetermined period of time after the homodyne time point. In this case, the function association may be formed by a summation function by which a predetermined time period is added to the homodyne time point in order to determine the zero current time point.
In this way, a simple and reliable determination of the zero-current time point described above is advantageously achieved, whereby switching losses can be reduced and an improved assurance of the operating capacity can be achieved in a simple manner.
In a further embodiment, a time length between the homodyne time point and the reference time point is determined, wherein the switching time point is defined such that the time length between the switching time point and the reference time point corresponds to three times the time length between the homodyne time point and the reference time point. Preferably, the provision is made if the resonant circuit formed by the recharging branch is a damped resonant circuit.
The time period between the switching time point and the reference time point may also be longer than 2.5 times, 2.8 times, or 2.9 times the time period between the homodyne time point and the reference time point. Alternatively or cumulatively, the duration between the switching time point and the reference time point may be shorter than 3 times the duration between the homodyne time point and the reference time point. Preferably, if the resonant circuit formed by the recharging branch is an undamped resonant circuit, the provision is made to prevent energy from being transmitted back into the recharging branch, in particular in the charged state.
If the resonant circuit formed by the recharging branch is a damped resonant circuit, the duration between the switching time point and the reference time point may be longer than 3 times the duration between the homodyne time point and the reference time point.
The reference point in time can in particular be selected as the point in time at which the recharging branch eventually becomes part of the closed circuit, i.e. has already been switched on. In this way, for example, the reference point in time can be selected as the last time of the switching process for establishing a connection of one part of the series to the recharging branch.
Simulations and experiments have shown that: in this way, a sufficiently accurate and simple prediction of the zero current time point and thus the switching time point for the switching on or off can be achieved.
In a further embodiment, in the recharging state, at least one capacitive element of the recharging branch is connected with at least one battery cell, preferably with a plurality of battery cells in series, such that recharging of the capacitive element takes place. In this case, in particular, a polarization transformation of the charge state of the capacitive element can be achieved. The polarization transformation can be achieved by: the voltage between the first connection of the capacitive element and the other connection of the capacitive element changes sign. This may mean: during the recharging process, the sign of the charge state of the at least one capacitive element changes. It is possible, but not mandatory, that: in the case of polarization conversion, although the sign changes, the value of the state of charge does not change. In this case, the recharging state can be adjusted, for example by actuating the corresponding switching element.
For recharging the capacitive element, exactly one battery cell, preferably the battery cell whose cell voltage is numerically highest, with which the series connection of a plurality of battery cells having the polarity to be adjusted otherwise has the polarity to be adjusted, may be connected to the capacitive element.
Thus, advantageously, it is obtained: not only the even battery cells in the series but also the odd battery cells in the series may be incorporated into the charge compensation. Therefore, despite the small number of switching elements, it is ensured that: the charge states of the plurality of battery cells may be compensated. In particular, a reduction in the required switching elements is obtained compared to a recharging device having two switching element levels, which is further elucidated below.
Also, the protection of the members when the charge compensation is performed not only for the even-numbered battery cells but also for the odd-numbered battery cells is advantageously obtained.
In another embodiment, in another discharge state, the first part of the series connection of all battery cells is connected to the other recharging branches.
Further alternatively or cumulatively, in another state of charge, one part of the series connection of all battery cells is connected with the other recharging branch.
It is also possible that: in this further discharge state, the series connection of all battery cells or one part of the series connection or only one battery cell, which also comprises a further battery pack, is connected to this further recharging branch. Further alternatively or cumulatively, it is possible that: in this further state of charge, the further recharging branch is connected to the series connection of all battery cells or to one part of the series connection or to the battery cells of the further battery.
In this case, the embodiments concerning the charging and discharging process via the first recharging branch also apply to the charging and discharging process via the other recharging branch.
Hereby, it is advantageously achieved that: charge compensation can also be achieved between the battery cells of different battery packs. It is also advantageously possible to achieve: in addition to or instead of the capacitive elements of the recharging branches, charge compensation can also be performed by the capacitive elements of the other recharging branches, whereby a larger charge amount can be transferred during charge compensation.
A vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, is also proposed, wherein the vehicle comprises: a battery pack having a plurality of battery cells connected in series; and a recharging device according to one of the embodiments described in the present disclosure.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by examples. In the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a recharging device according to a first embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2a shows a recharging device according to the invention in an empty state;
fig. 2b shows the recharging device shown in fig. 2a in a discharged state;
Fig. 2c shows the recharging device shown in fig. 2a in a charged state;
FIG. 3a shows a schematic time course of voltage and current in a recharging branch with an undamped resonant circuit;
fig. 3b shows a schematic time course of the voltage and current in a recharging branch with an underdamped resonant circuit;
fig. 3c shows a schematic time course of the voltage and current in a recharging branch with a damped resonant circuit;
fig. 4 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a recharging device according to another embodiment; while
Fig. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a recharging device according to another embodiment of the invention.
Subsequently, the same reference numerals denote elements having the same or similar technical characteristics.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a recharging device 1 for a battery pack according to the invention, wherein the battery pack comprises a plurality of battery cells BT1, BT2, BT3, BT 4. In fig. 1, the battery cell BT1 is shown with "+" sign, the positive electrode of BT12 and the battery cell BT1 is shown with "-" sign. Battery cell voltages U1, U2, U3, U4, U11, U12 are also shown, wherein the battery cell voltages U1, U12 fall on the respective battery cells BT1, BT 12.
In this case, the first battery cell BT1, the third battery cell BT3, the fifth battery cell, the seventh battery cell, the ninth battery cell, and the eleventh battery cell BT11 constitute the odd numbered battery cells of the series. The second battery cell BT2, the fourth battery cell BT4, the sixth battery cell, the eighth battery cell, the tenth battery cell, and the twelfth battery cell BT12 constitute the even-numbered battery cells of the series connection.
The recharging device further comprises switching elements S1, S2, S3, S4. In particular, the recharging device 1 is used to establish or disconnect the battery cells BT 1..the switching elements S1 of the positive or negative electrode of BT12 electrically connected to the first or second connection line BL1, BL 2..the number of S13 is one more than the number of battery cells BT1 of the battery pack in series.
In fig. 1 is shown: each odd battery cell BT1, BT3,... Also shown is: the negative electrode of each even-numbered battery cell of the series can also be connected to the first connection line BL1 through the switching element S3. In this case, all odd battery cells BT3 except the first battery cell BT1,..the positive electrode of BT11 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the immediately above one even battery cell BT2, BT4,...
Also shown is: each even battery cell BT2, BT4,... Also shown is: the positive electrode of BT12 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the odd battery cells BT1, BT3, BT11 immediately preceding in the series, respectively. Therefore, all the odd battery cells BT1, BT3, & gt, the negative electrode of BT11 can also be electrically connected to the second connection line BL2 through the switching elements S2, S4, & gt, S12.
Also shown is: the recharging device 1 comprises a recharging branch 2, wherein the recharging branch is formed by a series connection of a resistive element R, a capacitor C and a coil L. The recharging branch 2 has a first connection A1 and a second connection A2. The first connection A1 is electrically connected, in particular permanently electrically connected, to the first connection line BL 1. Furthermore, the first connection A1 of the recharging branch 2 cannot be connected directly or next to the second connection line BL 2. In particular, the electrical connection between the first connection A1 and the second connection line BL2 of the recharging branch 2 can only be established by means of at least one battery cell BT 1.
Also shown is: the second connection A2 of the recharging branch 2 is connected, in particular permanently connected, to the second connection line BL 2.
In particular, the second connection A2 cannot be connected directly or next to the first connection line BL 1. In this way, the electrical connection of the second connection terminal A2 with the first connection line BL1 (and thus with the first connection terminal A1) can only be established by means of at least one battery cell BT 1.
In this case, it is shown that: the recharging branch 2 comprises a resistor R. However, this is not mandatory. Thus, it is also conceivable that: the recharging branch 2 is formed by a series connection of a capacitor C and a coil L and does not comprise a resistive element R.
The capacitor voltage UC dropped on the capacitor C of the recharging branch 2 and the coil voltage UL dropped on the coil L are also shown.
The series connection of the resistor R, the capacitor C and the coil L forms a resonant circuit, in particular a damped resonant circuit. If there is no resistive element R in the recharging branch 2, the series connection in the recharging branch 2 forms an undamped resonant circuit.
A control and analysis device 3 is schematically shown, which can control the switching process of the switching elements S1, & S13. The control and evaluation device 3 can be configured, for example, as a microcontroller or an integrated circuit. The switching element S1, S13 can be embodied in particular as a power switch, and further in particular as a MOSFET or an IGBT.
Fig. 2a shows a recharging device 1 with six battery cells BT1, BT6 and seven switching elements S1, S7 in series. In fig. 2a is shown: all switching elements S1,..s 7 are open. Therefore, neither the battery cells BT1 nor BT6 are connected to the first connection line BL1 or the second connection line BL 2. This state of the recharging device 1 may also be referred to as an empty state.
In the illustrated embodiment, in the discharge state, the two switching elements, namely the third switching element S3 and the sixth switching element S6 are closed. The negative electrode of the second battery cell BT2 and the positive electrode of the third battery cell BT3 are connected to the first connection line BL 1. The negative electrode of the fifth battery cell BT5 and the positive electrode of the sixth battery cell BT6 are connected to the second connection line BL 2. Thus, in the discharged state, a first part of the series connection of all battery cells BT1, BT6 is connected to the recharging branch 2, wherein the first part is formed by the series connection of the third battery cell BT3, the fourth battery cell BT4 and the fifth battery cell BT 5. In the discharged state, charge flows from the first part of the series connection, i.e. from the third, fourth and fifth battery cells BT3, BT4, BT5 into the capacitor C of the recharging branch 2, which may also be referred to as a discharging process.
After a predetermined period of time or after a predetermined nominal state of charge of the capacitor C of the recharging branch 2 has been reached or after a predetermined minimum state of charge of the battery cells BT3, BT4, BT5 of the first part has been reached, all switching elements S1, S7 are opened and the no-load state shown in fig. 2a is set.
Next, i.e. after a discharge state and an empty state following the discharge state, the charge state of the recharging device 1 shown in fig. 2c is adjusted. For this purpose, the switching elements, i.e. in the present case the first and second switching elements S1, S2, are closed. Therefore, the positive electrode of the first battery cell BT1 is connected to the first connection line BL1 and thus to the first connection point A1. The negative electrode of the first battery cell BT1 is connected to the second connection line BL2 and the second connection point A2. In this discharge state, charge flows from the capacitor C into the first battery cell BT 1. This may also be referred to as a charging process.
It is possible that: the switching element S1, S7 of the recharging device 1, which is closed in the discharging state, is different from the switching element S1, S7 of the recharging device 1, which is closed in the charging state. In particular, at least one switching element S1 of the recharging device 1, which is closed in the discharging state, is not closed in the charging state. Furthermore, there are a plurality of switching elements S1, not only in the charged state but also in the discharged state.
Note that: the states shown in fig. 2a, 2b and 2c are purely exemplary. In particular, it is also possible to: other than the illustrated switching element S1, S7 is closed in a discharged or charged state.
From fig. 2a, 2b and 2 c: this first part comprises in the present embodiment three battery cells BT3, BT4, BT5, of which the other part comprises only battery cell BT1. Thus, the first portion includes more battery cells than the other portion. In this case, the first battery cell BT1 forms another part in the series of all battery cells BT1, BT6, wherein the battery cell BT1 of the other part is not part of the first part, i.e. is not the battery cells BT3, BT4, BT5 of the first part.
Fig. 3a shows a schematic time-dependent course of the capacitor voltage UC, the coil voltage UL and the current I2 flowing through the recharging branch 2 (see fig. 1), in particular when setting the charging state. In this case, it is assumed that: the recharging branch 2 forms an undamped resonant circuit. In particular, the recharging branch 2 comprises a series of a capacitor C and a coil L, wherein the series does not however comprise a resistive element R.
Showing: both the capacitor voltage UC, the coil voltage UL and the current I2 in the recharging branch 2 have a periodic time course.
Time point T 0 Indicating a reference point in time. The reference point in time may be, in particular, a point in time at which the recharging device 1 is ultimately placed in a discharging state (see fig. 2 b) or a charging state (see fig. 2 c).
Also shown is the homodyne time point T ND Wherein at the homodyne time point T ND The capacitor voltage UC is equal to the coil voltage UL or deviates therefrom by no more than a predetermined extent.
Also shown is the zero current time point T IN At the zero current time point, the current I2 in the recharging branch or the amplitude of the current I2 is zero or does not deviate from zero by more than a predetermined valueTo a degree of (3).
Preferably, the switching point in time for opening or closing the switching element S1, S13 (see fig. 1), in particular for ending the charging state and thus for adjusting the off-load state or the further discharging state, is selected such that it corresponds to such a zero-current point in time.
In fig. 3a is shown: from a reference point in time T 0 Up to the zero current time point T IN The duration of (2) corresponds to at the reference point in time T 0 From the homodyne time point T ND Three times the duration in between. If the homodyne time point T ND Is determined, for example, by determining/detecting and comparing the coil voltage UL and the capacitor voltage UC, the zero-current point in time T can be predicted, i.e. forecasted IN And thus also includes the switching point in time. This can be achieved in particular by the control and evaluation device 3 shown in fig. 1. For this purpose, the control and evaluation device can be connected to a voltage sensor (not shown) for detecting the capacitor and coil voltages UC, UL.
Fig. 3b schematically shows the time course of the capacitor voltage UC, the coil voltage UL and the current I2 through the recharging branch 2 (see fig. 1). If the recharging branch forms an underdamped resonant circuit, the time course shown in fig. 3b occurs. Corresponding to fig. 3a, a homodyne time point T is shown ND . Also shown is the zero current time point T IN . Also shown is a reference point in time T 0 . According to the time variant shown in fig. 3b, we also get: at a reference time point T 0 From the homodyne time point T ND The time period therebetween corresponds approximately to the time point T 0 With zero current time point T IN One third of the time in between.
Therefore, for recharging branch 2 configured as an underdamped resonant circuit, the zero-current time point T can also be predicted as described in relation to fig. 3a IN And thus the switching point in time.
Fig. 3c schematically shows the time course of capacitor voltage UC, coil voltage UL and current I2 through recharging branch 2 (see fig. 1), when recharged byThese time-varying processes occur when the resonant circuit formed by the charging branch 2 is a damped resonant circuit. In this case it can be seen that: the current I2 in the recharging branch 2 is not zero at any time. In this case, the switching point in time may be selected such that the switching element S1, S13 (see fig. 1) is opened or closed when the magnitude of the current I2 in the recharging branch 2 is smaller than a predetermined threshold value. Alternatively, the switching time point may be selected such that at the reference time point T 0 There is a predetermined time period between the time point of the handover.
For each of the embodiments shown in fig. 3a, 3b and 3c, the switching time point should preferably be chosen such that the switching process is completed or ended before the current in the recharging branch 2 flows in the opposite direction to the current direction immediately before the switching process is started. This prevents current from flowing back into the capacitor C, which in turn increases the efficiency of the charge compensation.
Fig. 4 shows a recharging device 1 according to another embodiment of the invention. A battery pack having 24 battery cells BT1, BT24 in series and a first recharging branch 2 and other recharging branches 4 is shown. The other recharging branch 4 comprises a series connection of a capacitor C4 and a coil L4 of the other recharging branch 4. Also shown is a capacitor voltage UC4, which falls on the capacitor C4 of the other recharging branch 4. The first connection a14 and the second connection a24 of the other recharging branch 4 are also shown. In this case, the further recharging branch 4 is connected to the third connecting line BL3 via the first connection a14 and to the fourth connecting line BL4 via the second connection a24, in particular permanently.
In this case, the first recharging branch 2 (which is formed by the series connection of the capacitor C2 and the coil L2 of the first recharging branch 2) is connected to the first connection line BL1 via the first connection A1 and to the second connection line BL2 via the second connection A2, in particular permanently.
Further, all battery cells BT1,..each odd battery cell BT1, BT3 of the first subset in the series of BT24,..the positive electrode of BT13 can be connected to the first connection line BL1 through the switching elements S1, S3. In addition, the negative electrode of each even-numbered battery cell of the first subset can also be connected to the first connection line BL1 through the switching element S3. In this case, all battery cells BT1,..a first subset of the series of BT24 includes the series of BT14 from the first to fourteenth battery cells BT 1. Furthermore, the positive electrode of each even-numbered battery cell of the first subset can be connected with the second connection line BL2 through the switching element S2, S4. Also, the negative electrode of each odd battery cell BT1, BT3, …, BT13 of the first subset can be connected to the second connection line BL2 by a switching element S2, S4.
Also shown are all battery cells BT1, BT11 of another subset of the series of BT24, wherein the other subset includes the series of from the eleventh battery cell BT11 to the twenty-fourth battery cell BT 24.
Also shown is: each positive electrode of the odd battery cells BT11, BT13, BT15, BT17, & gt, BT23 of the other subset is connectable to the third connection line BL3 through a switching element S11a, S13a, S15a, S17, & gt. Also shown is: each even-numbered battery cell BT12, BT14, BT16, BT18 of the other subset has a negative electrode of BT24 connectable to the third connection line BL3 through the switching element S13a, S15a, S17.
Also shown is: the positive electrode of each even-numbered battery cell of the other subset can be connected to the fourth connection line BL4 through the switching elements S12a, S14a, S16, S18. Also shown is: the negative electrode of each odd battery cell of the other subset can be connected to the fourth connection line BL4 through a switching element S12a, S14a, S16, S18.
Thus, for charge compensation between the battery cells BT1, not only the capacitor C2 of the first recharging branch 2 but also the capacitor C4 of the other recharging branch 4 may be used. In particular, the intersection of the battery cells BT11 of the first subset and the further subset, BT14 may be used not only to transfer charge/energy between the battery cells BT11, BT14 and the capacitor C2 of the first recharging branch 2 but also to transfer charge/energy between the battery cells BT11, BT14 and the capacitor C4 of the further recharging branch 4. Thus, i.e. the transfer may either take place between the capacitor C2 of the first recharging branch 2 and the battery cells BT11 of the intersection, BT14 or between the capacitor C4 of the other recharging branch 4 and the battery cells BT11, BT 14.
Thus, advantageously, it is obtained: the switching element S1, S25 having a low maximum compressive strength may also be used.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a recharging device 1 according to another embodiment of the invention. A recharging branch 2 is shown, having a capacitor C and a coil L connected in series. Also shown are a first connection A1 and a second connection A2 of the recharging branch 2. A series connection of four battery cells BT1, BT2, BT3, BT4 is also shown. The first and second connection lines BL1 and BL2 are also shown.
The positive electrode of each odd battery cell BT1, BT3 in the series of battery cells BT1, BT4 can be connected to the first connection line BL1 through the switching elements S1, S3. The negative electrode of each of the even-numbered battery cells BT2, BT4 can be connected to the first connection line BL1 through the switching elements S3, S5. The positive electrode of each even-numbered battery cell BT2, BT4 can be connected to the second connection line BL2 through the switching element S2, S4. Correspondingly, the negative electrode of each odd battery cell BT1, BT3 can be connected to the second connection line BL2 through the switching element S2, S4.
Also shown is: the first connection A1 of the recharging branch 2 can be connected either to the first connection line BL1 or to the second connection line BL2 via the switching element SA 1. This means: the first connection terminal A1 is connected or connectable with either the first connection line BL1 or the second connection line BL2 through the switching element SA 1. Also shown is: the second connection terminal A2 is connected or connectable with either the first connection line BL1 or the second connection line BL2 through the switching element SA 2. The switching elements SA1, SA2 via which the connection terminals A1, A2 can be connected to the connection lines BL1, BL2 are in particular configured as changeover switching elements. In this case, the recharging device 1 may be configured such that the second connection terminal A2 cannot be connected to the first connection line BL1 when the first connection terminal A1 is connected to the first connection line BL1 through the switching element SA 1. Further, when the first connection terminal A1 is connected to the second connection line BL2 through the switching element SA1, the second connection terminal A2 cannot be connected to the second connection line BL2 through the switching element SA 2.
In this case, the switching elements S1, S5 may be referred to as switching elements S1 of the first switching element hierarchy, S5 through which switching elements S1, S5, battery cells BT1, BT4 can be connected to the connection lines BL1, BL2, or through which switching elements S1, S5, connections between these poles and the connection lines BL1, BL2 can be established or broken. The switching elements SA1, SA2, by means of which switching elements SA1, SA2 an electrical connection between the connection terminals A1, A2 of the recharging branch 2 and the connection lines BL1, BL2 can be established or broken, can be referred to as switching elements of the second switching element hierarchy.
In this case, the embodiment shown in fig. 5 includes switching elements of the first and second switching element levels. In this case, the embodiment shown in fig. 1 includes switching elements of the first switching element level, but does not include switching elements of the second switching element level.
List of reference numerals
1. Recharging device
2. Recharging branch
3. Control and analysis device
4. Other recharging branches
C. C2, C4 capacitor
L, L2L 4 coil
R resistor element
S1..s 25 switching element
BT 1..bt 24 battery cells
BL1 first connecting line
BL2 second connecting wire
BL3 third connecting wire
BL4 fourth connecting wire
A1 First connecting end
A2 Second connecting end
A14 first connection of the other recharging branch
A24 second connection of the other recharging branch
I2 Current through recharging branch
UC capacitor voltage
UL coil voltage
T 0 Reference time point
T ND Time point of zero difference
T IN Zero current time point.

Claims (16)

1. A recharging device for a battery pack, wherein the battery pack comprises a series of at least two battery cells (BT 1, BT4, BT 24), wherein the series of all battery cells (BT 1, BT 24) or each odd battery cell (BT 1, BT3, BT 23) in the series of a first subset of the battery cells (BT 1, BT 24) is connectable to a first connection line (BL 1) by means of a switching element (S1, BT4, BT 24) at the negative electrode of the battery cell, wherein the series of all battery cells (BT 1, BT 24) or the series of battery cells (BT 1, BT 24) at each even battery cell (BT 2, 4, BT 24) in the series of a first subset of the battery cells (BT 24) is connectable to a positive electrode and each odd battery cell (BT 1, BT 3) at the positive electrode of BT 23) and each even battery cell (BT 2, BT4, BT 25) at the negative electrode of the battery cell is connectable to a first connection line (BL 1) by means of a switching element (S1, BT 25), wherein the recharging device (BL 1) is connectable to a second connection line (BL 2) at the negative electrode of the battery pack (BL 1) by means of a second connection line (BL 2) at the negative electrode of the battery pack,
It is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the recharging branch (2) comprises a series connection of at least one capacitive element and at least one inductive element,
wherein the recharging device (1) comprises: at least one device for detecting or determining the voltage across the capacitive element of the recharging branch (2, 4); and at least one means for detecting or determining the voltage across the inductive elements of the recharging branches (2, 4).
2. Recharging device according to claim 1, characterized in that the recharging branch (2) comprises a series connection of at least one capacitive element, at least one inductive element and at least one resistive element.
3. Recharging device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the series elements in the recharging branch (2) form an undamped resonant circuit or a damped resonant circuit.
4. Recharging device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first connection (A1) of the recharging branch (2) is not connectable to the further connection line (BL 2), while the other connection (A2) of the recharging branch is not connectable to the first connection line (BL 1).
5. The recharging device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the battery comprises a series connection of at least four battery cells (BT 1, BT 24).
6. The recharging device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the recharging device (1) comprises a further recharging branch (4), wherein the further recharging branch (4) comprises a series connection of at least one capacitive element and at least one inductive element, wherein the first connection (a 14) of the further recharging branch (4) is connectable or connectable to a third connection line (BL 3), wherein the further connection (a 24) of the further recharging branch (4) is connectable or connectable to a fourth connection line (BL 4), wherein all battery cells (BT 1,) or of the battery cells (BT 1,) of the further subset of BT 24) or of each odd battery cell (BT 1, BT3,) of the further battery pack, BT 23) is connectable or of the further battery pack, by means of a switching element (S11 a,) and the further connection line (a 24) of the further connection (a 24) is connectable or of the further connection line (BL 3,) to the third battery pack, BT 24) or of the further battery pack, BT1,) of the further subset of BT24 or of BT1, # of BT 24) and each odd battery cell (BT 1, BT3, # of the further battery pack, BT 23) of the further battery pack, BT 25) is connectable or of the further battery pack, BT3, # of BT 23) and the negative battery pack (BL,) of the further battery pack (BT 2, BT3, respectiveeven battery pack) of the third battery pack, BT3, BT 24) is connectable to the third battery pack, BT3, and the negative battery pack of the further battery pack (BT 3. S25) to be connected to the fourth connection line (BL 4).
7. Recharging device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the time point of homodyne (T ND ) At the homodyne time point, the voltage (UC) across the at least one capacitive element does not deviate from the voltage (UL) across the at least one inductive element or deviates from the voltage (UL) across the at least one inductive element by more than a predetermined extent, wherein according to the homodyne time point (T ND ) To determine a switching point in time for establishing or disconnecting a connection of one of the series with the recharging branch (2).
8. A method for operating a recharging device (1) according to any of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in a discharged state a first part of a series of all battery cells (BT 1, BT 24) is connected with the recharging branch (2), wherein in a charged state another part of a series of all battery cells (BT 1, BT 24) is connected with the recharging branch (2), wherein at least one battery cell (BT 1, BT 24) of the first part is not part of the other part.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first portion includes more battery cells (BT 1,..bt 24) than the other portion.
10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the first part comprises at least three battery cells (BT 1, BT 24).
11. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the switching point in time for establishing or disconnecting a connection of one part of the series with the recharging branch (2) is selected such that the magnitude of the current (I2) flowing through the recharging branch (2) is zero or does not deviate from zero by more than a predetermined extent.
12. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that a voltage (UC) over at least one capacitive element of the recharging branch (2) and a voltage (UL) over at least one inductive element of the recharging branch (2) are determined or detected, wherein a homodyne time point (T ND ) At the homodyne time point, the voltage (UC) across the at least one capacitive element does not deviate from the voltage (UL) across the at least one inductive element or deviates from the voltage (UL) across the at least one inductive element by more than a predetermined extent, wherein according to the homodyne time point (T ND ) To determine a switching point in time for establishing or disconnecting a connection of one of the series with the recharging branch (2).
13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the time point (T ND ) With reference point in time (T 0 ) The time period between the switching time point and the reference time point (T 0 ) The time period between corresponds to the time period between the homodyne time points (T ND ) Is in communication with the reference point in time (T 0 ) Three times the duration in between.
14. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that in a recharging state at least one capacitive element of the recharging branch (2) is connected with at least one battery cell (BT 1, BT 24) such that recharging of the capacitive element takes place.
15. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that in another discharge state, a first part of the series of all battery cells (BT 1,..sub.bt 24) is connected with the other recharging branch (4); and/or in another state of charge, one part of the series of all battery cells (BT 1,..sub.bt 24) is connected with the other recharging branch (4).
16. A vehicle having a battery pack and a recharging device (1) according to any of claims 1 to 7.
CN201911241181.6A 2018-12-06 2019-12-06 Recharging device, method for operating a recharging device, and vehicle Active CN111293743B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018221099.3 2018-12-06
DE102018221099.3A DE102018221099A1 (en) 2018-12-06 2018-12-06 Transfer device, method for operating a transfer device and vehicle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111293743A CN111293743A (en) 2020-06-16
CN111293743B true CN111293743B (en) 2023-07-14

Family

ID=70776336

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201911241181.6A Active CN111293743B (en) 2018-12-06 2019-12-06 Recharging device, method for operating a recharging device, and vehicle

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN111293743B (en)
DE (1) DE102018221099A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020204400A1 (en) 2020-04-03 2021-10-07 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Transfer device, method for operating a transfer device and vehicle
DE102020204392A1 (en) 2020-04-03 2021-10-07 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Transfer device, method for operating a transfer device and vehicle
DE102020207857A1 (en) * 2020-06-25 2021-12-30 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft High-voltage electrical system of a vehicle and method for producing such a high-voltage electrical system
CN112350407A (en) * 2020-11-08 2021-02-09 马东林 Voltage-sharing circuit of battery pack and control method thereof

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005045107A1 (en) 2005-09-21 2007-03-29 Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg Charging method for extending the life of batteries and apparatus for carrying it out
DE102010029015A1 (en) * 2010-05-17 2011-11-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Inductive battery balancing with reduced circuit complexity
US9203121B2 (en) * 2011-10-12 2015-12-01 Texas Instruments Incorporated Inductor-based active balancing for batteries and other power supplies
KR101712244B1 (en) * 2014-10-08 2017-03-13 주식회사 엘지화학 System and method for balancing a battery cell using LC resonance
DE102015205291A1 (en) * 2015-03-24 2016-09-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh METHOD FOR COMPENSATING BATTERY VOLTAGES
DE102015106773A1 (en) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Battery system with battery control
KR101917913B1 (en) * 2015-07-23 2018-11-12 주식회사 엘지화학 Apparatus for balancing battery stack
CN106532852B (en) * 2016-12-16 2023-06-20 华南理工大学 Battery pack equalization circuit based on LC series energy storage

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN111293743A (en) 2020-06-16
DE102018221099A1 (en) 2020-06-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN111293743B (en) Recharging device, method for operating a recharging device, and vehicle
CN101765958B (en) Apparatus and method for balancing of battery cell's charge capacity
CN108736107B (en) Heating module, battery pack heating method and heating system
US8164305B2 (en) Battery management system with energy balance among multiple battery cells
EP2720343B1 (en) Battery control device and battery system
JP3803042B2 (en) Apparatus and method for adjusting state of charge of battery pack
US11011920B2 (en) Energy storage apparatus for engine start-up, method for controlling the same, and vehicle
US10396569B2 (en) Battery cell balancing system and method using LC resonance
CN110999023B (en) Method and apparatus for balancing states of charge of individual cells of a battery system
JP6137631B2 (en) Secondary battery pack and authentication method
US10559860B2 (en) Power storage device, power storage control device, and power storage control method
JP2001178008A (en) Cell balance adjusting method and circuit thereof, irregular cell voltage detecting circuit, and method therefor
JP5397013B2 (en) Battery control device
JP2006246646A (en) Equalization method and its device
WO2011060096A2 (en) Interlock mechanism for a multiple battery pack
JP2015070653A (en) Battery voltage equalization control device and method
JP5482809B2 (en) Equalization equipment
JP2013153588A (en) Battery cell voltage equalization circuit
JP2007043788A (en) Method of adjusting charge state of battery pack and its device
JP2006246645A (en) Equalization method and its device
JPH11355966A (en) Charger and discharger for battery pack
JP2002042901A (en) Capacity equalizing device for storage battery device
JP4108339B2 (en) Lithium ion secondary battery charging method and apparatus
JP7154201B2 (en) Cell balance controller
JP4333058B2 (en) Secondary battery charger

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant