CN111290027A - Deep resource electromagnetic detection method combining mobile source and fixed source - Google Patents

Deep resource electromagnetic detection method combining mobile source and fixed source Download PDF

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CN111290027A
CN111290027A CN202010158004.8A CN202010158004A CN111290027A CN 111290027 A CN111290027 A CN 111290027A CN 202010158004 A CN202010158004 A CN 202010158004A CN 111290027 A CN111290027 A CN 111290027A
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frequency
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apparent resistivity
impedance phase
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付长民
底青云
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Institute of Geology and Geophysics of CAS
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Abstract

The invention provides a deep resource electromagnetic detection method combining a mobile source and a fixed source, which comprises the steps of (1) judging the lowest frequency flow(ii) a (2) Calculating an electromagnetic sounding curve in a detection frequency range by forward modeling; (3) judging frequency point f for starting to generate near field effectnf(ii) a (4) Designing a transmitting frequency table of a mobile transmitting source and a high-power fixed source; (5) acquiring a full-band electromagnetic detection time sequence; (6) obtaining the apparent resistivity and the impedance phase corresponding to each frequency point; (7) and carrying out data combination on the apparent resistivity values and the impedance phase values of all the frequency points to obtain a full-band electromagnetic sounding curve without the near field effect. The invention effectively solves the near field effect in the CSAMT method by collecting the high-frequency signal of the movable emission source, receiving the low-frequency signal emitted by the high-power fixed source and uniformly processing the two signals, and obtains the controllable source electromagnetic method data which does not contain the near field effect and has full frequency band reflecting the underground real electrical characteristics.

Description

Deep resource electromagnetic detection method combining mobile source and fixed source
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic detection, in particular to a deep resource electromagnetic detection method combining a mobile source and a fixed source.
Background
Among geophysical exploration methods, frequency domain electromagnetic exploration methods are widely used in the exploration of the internal structure of the earth and the detection of underground resources such as oil, gas, mineral products, geothermal heat and the like.
The Magnetotelluric (MT) method adopting natural source signals has weak anti-interference capability and low measurement accuracy, and in order to overcome the defects of the MT method, a Controllable Source Audio Magnetotelluric (CSAMT) method adopting an artificial source is provided. The CSAMT method has the obvious characteristics that the received signal has higher signal-to-noise ratio, and the accuracy and the working efficiency of field measurement can be improved compared with the geoelectromagnetic method.
The CSAMT method is widely applied in recent years, but the method is influenced by a near-field effect, and the received low-frequency electromagnetic data does not contain real electrical information of a deep part, so that the detection depth is shallow, and the maximum detection depth in the prior art is only about 2km, which cannot meet the requirement of deep part detection.
The 'extremely low frequency ground exploration engineering' is a new method for generating extremely low frequency electromagnetic waves by a high-power artificial source method to explore underground electrical structures, is called as WEM method, and is a product combining geophysics and radio physics. A limited long-distance (dozens of kilometers) cable source is laid in a high-resistance region close to the ground, high-power (more than 500kW) electromagnetic waves with the frequency of 0.1-300 Hz are emitted, and the electromagnetic signals are received in most of the whole country, so that the purpose of large-depth ground electromagnetic detection is achieved. The WEM has the characteristics of high strength of manual transmission signals, strong anti-interference capability and stable signals, and covers most regions in China. However, the high frequency of the conventional WEM method can only reach 300Hz, so the shallow detection resolution is weak.
CSAMT is a method for detecting electrical structures in subterranean formations by exciting electromagnetic waves with an artificially controllable grounded electrical source. In the method, an emission source is manually controlled to emit electromagnetic wave signals with the frequency range of 1Hz to 10kHz, and meanwhile, a receiver is adopted to receive corresponding frequency signals in a certain range to obtain frequency-apparent resistivity and frequency-phase electromagnetic detection data. Because the received electromagnetic signals carry subsurface electrical information, the subsurface electrical structural characteristics can be obtained by analyzing the observed data.
As shown in fig. 5, the CSAMT method uses the "plane wave" assumption of the natural source magnetotelluric method MT, and the approximate electromagnetic wave is a normal incidence to the earth. This assumption is possible when the transmission frequency is high and the transmission and reception distances are long, but the CSAMT method is usually limited to a distance of 10km or less between the transmission source and the reception location in order to ensure effective signal strength because the power of the transmitter is small and the signal is weak. Therefore, when the transmitting frequency is low, the electromagnetic signal at the receiving position is a non-plane wave, and a near-field effect is generated.
The basic principle of electromagnetic exploration shows that the frequency is high, the detection depth is shallow, the frequency is low, and the detection depth is large. The existing CSAMT method is influenced by a near field effect and cannot effectively solve the problem, only high-frequency effective data can be acquired, and real low-frequency information cannot be acquired. Due to the lack of low-frequency data, the detection depth of the CSAMT method is small, and the requirements of more and more deep detection cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a deep resource electromagnetic detection method combining a mobile source and a fixed source, which can solve the problem of near field effect which cannot be solved in the existing CSAMT technology. By the technical scheme, detection data which are free of near field influence and can truly reflect underground electrical information can be obtained, and the detection depth in the prior art is greatly improved.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a deep resource electromagnetic detection method combining a mobile source and a fixed source comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the lowest frequency flowCollecting geological data related to a measuring area, and determining the position of a measuring point of a measuring line and the position of a mobile emission source according to the existing CSAMT field working method; determining the required lowest frequency by using the following formula according to the designed maximum detection depth range; in the formula, delta is the designed detection depth, rho is the earth resistivity determined according to the known geological data, and the required lowest frequency f is obtained by calculationlow
Figure BDA0002404765970000021
(2) Forward modeling calculates electromagnetic sounding curve in detection frequency range
Establishing a model according to the collected geological data, taking a measuring point closest to an emission source as a receiving point, carrying out forward simulation calculation to obtain the amplitudes of an electric field Ex and a magnetic field Hy on the measuring point, and calculating to obtain a frequency-apparent resistivity and a frequency-impedance phase sounding curve of the measuring point by adopting the following formula:
Figure BDA0002404765970000022
Figure BDA0002404765970000023
where p is the apparent resistivity and where p is the apparent resistivity,
Figure BDA0002404765970000024
is an impedance phase, ExElectric field component in x-direction, HyThe y-direction magnetic field component has an angular frequency ω of 2 pi f, f is the detection frequency used in the detection, μ is the permeability in vacuum, Im represents the imaginary part, and Re represents the real part.
(3) Judging frequency point f for starting to generate near field effectnf
Performing image formation of apparent resistivity and impedance phase of a log-log coordinate axis, and judging that an apparent resistivity curve starts to rise along a 45-degree straight line on the log-log coordinate axis, and a phase curve starts to approach to a frequency point of 0 degrees;
(4) emission frequency meter for designing mobile emission source and high-power fixed source
According to the determined near field effect frequency point fnfDesigning a transmission frequency table; designing a transmission frequency table of the mobile source transmitter with a frequency range of 10kHz to fnf(ii) a Designing a transmitting frequency table of a high-power fixed source in a very-low frequency earth-exploring WEM project, wherein the frequency range is fnfTo flow
(5) Acquiring to obtain full-frequency-band electromagnetic detection time sequence
Receivers are arranged on each measuring line of the measuring area in an array mode, and the signal transmitting and receiving work of the mobile source and the fixed source is carried out;
(6) obtaining the apparent resistivity and the impedance phase corresponding to each frequency point
Intercepting time sequence data corresponding to different frequencies according to a transmitting frequency table of the mobile transmitter, and performing FFT (fast Fourier transform) to obtain an electric field amplitude Ex and a magnetic field amplitude Hy of a frequency point corresponding to a high frequency band; intercepting time sequence sections corresponding to different frequencies of a low frequency band according to a transmitting frequency table of a high-power fixed source, and respectively carrying out FFT (fast Fourier transform) conversion to obtain electric field and magnetic field amplitudes corresponding to all frequency points of the low frequency band;
the apparent resistivity and the impedance phase are calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002404765970000033
Figure BDA0002404765970000031
where p is the apparent resistivity and where p is the apparent resistivity,
Figure BDA0002404765970000032
is an impedance phase, ExElectric field component in x-direction, HyThe y-direction magnetic field component has an angular frequency ω of 2 pi f, f is the detection frequency used in the detection, μ is the permeability in vacuum, Im represents the imaginary part, and Re represents the real part.
(7) And carrying out data combination on the apparent resistivity values and the impedance phase values of all the frequency points to obtain a full-band electromagnetic sounding curve without the near field effect.
The invention utilizes a small-sized mobile transmitter in the prior CSAMT method to transmit high-frequency signals, utilizes a high-power fixed source to transmit low-frequency electromagnetic signals, simultaneously transmits high frequency and low frequency in parallel, and adopts a full-time sequence data acquisition and processing mode, thereby effectively solving the problem of near field effect in the prior CSAMT detection method while ensuring the working efficiency, and greatly improving the detection depth in the prior art while ensuring the detection precision.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a deep resource electromagnetic detection method combining a mobile source and a fixed source, which can effectively solve the near-field effect in the CSAMT method by acquiring the high-frequency signal of the mobile emission source and receiving the low-frequency signal emitted by the high-power fixed source and uniformly processing the signals of the high-frequency signal and the low-frequency signal, thereby obtaining the controllable source electromagnetic method data which does not contain the near-field effect and reflects the underground real electrical characteristics in the full frequency band. The invention adopts the artificial controllable source signals for the high-frequency data and the low-frequency data, so the anti-interference capability is strong, and the underground electrical structure detection with large depth and high precision can be effectively realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a detection method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2a frequency-apparent resistivity sounding curve of CSAMT method;
FIG. 2b is a frequency-phase depth measurement curve of the CSAMT method;
FIG. 3a is a frequency-apparent resistivity sounding curve obtained by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3b is a frequency-phase sounding curve obtained by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a comparison of frequency versus apparent resistivity curves obtained in actual field survey using the CSAMT method and the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4b is a comparison of frequency-phase curves obtained by the CSAMT method and the method of the present invention in actual field detection;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a prior art CSAMT field work method.
Detailed Description
The specific technical scheme of the invention is described by combining the embodiment.
The invention provides an electromagnetic detection method which adopts the prior CSAMT technology to transmit high frequency, utilizes a high-power fixed antenna of a WEM method to transmit low-frequency signals, and combines a fixed source and a movable source which are simultaneously transmitted and received, and adopts a field working mode as shown in figure 1.
The working steps of the invention are as follows:
(1) determining the lowest frequency flow
And collecting geological data related to the measuring area, and determining the position of a measuring point of the measuring line and the position of a mobile emission source according to the existing CSAMT field working method. The lowest frequency required is determined according to the designed maximum detection depth range using the following formula. In the formula, delta is the designed detection depth, rho is the earth resistivity determined according to the known geological data, and the required lowest frequency f is obtained by calculationlow
Figure BDA0002404765970000041
In the example, the maximum detection depth is designed to be 50km, the ground resistivity is 1000 Ω m, the required minimum detection frequency is 0.1Hz, the maximum frequency adopts the maximum working frequency of 10kHz by the CSAMT method, and the working frequency range required by the detection is 0.1Hz-10 kHz.
(2) Forward modeling calculates electromagnetic sounding curve in detection frequency range
And establishing a model according to the collected geological data, taking a measuring point closest to the emission source as a receiving point, performing forward simulation calculation to obtain the amplitudes of the electric field Ex and the magnetic field Hy on the measuring point, and calculating the frequency-apparent resistivity and the frequency-impedance phase sounding curve of the measuring point by adopting the following formula.
Figure BDA0002404765970000042
Figure BDA0002404765970000051
In this example, the distance from the transmitting source to the receiving point is 10km, the earth resistivity is 1000 Ω m, and the depth sounding curves received by the measuring point obtained by forward simulation calculation are shown in fig. 2a and 2 b.
(3) Judging frequency point f for starting to generate near field effectnf
And (3) mapping the apparent resistivity and the impedance phase of the log-log coordinate axes, and judging that the apparent resistivity curve starts to rise along a straight line of 45 degrees (when the horizontal and vertical axis proportions are consistent) on the log-log coordinate axes, and the phase curve starts to trend to a frequency point of 0 degree.
In the example, since the earth resistivity is 1000 Ω m, the true apparent resistivity value should be a horizontal straight line of 1000 Ω m, and the true impedance phase should be a horizontal straight line of 45 degrees. In the example, the simulated CSAMT detection curve enters the near field from 64Hz, in this case, the existing CSAMT technology can only collect effective data above 64Hz, and the detection depth calculated according to the formula 1 is only 2 km. Deep electrical probing information cannot be obtained.
(4) Emission frequency meter for designing mobile emission source and high-power fixed source
According to the determined near field effect frequency point fnfAnd designing a transmission frequency table. Designing a transmission frequency table of the mobile source transmitter with a frequency range of 10kHz to fnf. Designing a transmitting frequency table of a high-power fixed source in a very-low frequency earth-exploring WEM project, wherein the frequency range is fnfTo flow
In the example, the emission frequency of the mobile emission source is designed to be 10kHz to 64Hz, the emission frequency of the WEM fixed emission source is designed to be 64Hz to 0.1Hz, and the emission time of the mobile emission source and the WEM fixed emission source is designed to be 30 minutes.
(5) Acquiring to obtain full-frequency-band electromagnetic detection time sequence
And receivers are arranged on each measuring line of the measuring area in an array mode, and the receivers are used for transmitting and receiving signals of the mobile source and the fixed source.
The high-power fixed source and the mobile transmitter are respectively and simultaneously transmitted, and the working efficiency of the field is effectively ensured. The receiver acquires time sequence data of electromagnetic signals at a sampling rate of 24k to obtain time sequence data containing transmitting signals of a mobile source and a fixed source, and the acquisition time covers 30 minutes of the transmitting period of the transmitter, so that the receiver can acquire all frequency signals transmitted by the mobile source and the fixed source.
(6) Obtaining the apparent resistivity and the impedance phase corresponding to each frequency point
And intercepting time sequence data corresponding to different frequencies according to a transmitting frequency table of the mobile transmitter, and performing FFT (fast Fourier transform) to obtain the electric field amplitude Ex and the magnetic field amplitude Hy of the frequency point corresponding to the high frequency band. And intercepting time sequence sections corresponding to different frequencies of the low frequency band according to the transmitting frequency table of the high-power fixed source, and respectively carrying out FFT (fast Fourier transform) conversion to obtain the electric field and magnetic field amplitude corresponding to each frequency point of the low frequency band.
The apparent resistivity and the impedance phase are calculated by the following formulas.
Figure BDA0002404765970000061
Figure BDA0002404765970000062
(7) And carrying out data combination on the apparent resistivity values and the impedance phase values of all the frequency points to obtain a full-band electromagnetic sounding curve without the near field effect.
Fig. 3a and 3b are detection results obtained by the present invention, and it can be seen that the present invention can obtain effective detection data of the full frequency band from 0.1Hz to 10 kHz. The invention obtains an electromagnetic sounding curve which truly reflects the underground electrical characteristics, and the low-frequency data of 0.1Hz can reflect the electrical characteristics within the underground 50km depth range.
Fig. 4a and 4b show the application effect of the invention in actual field detection.
It can be seen that the CSAMT detection data of the measuring point enters the near field from 32Hz, and the deep information cannot be detected. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the electrical information of the deep part can be effectively obtained, and the detection depth is greatly improved while the detection precision is ensured.

Claims (4)

1. A deep resource electromagnetic detection method combining a mobile source and a fixed source is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining the lowest frequency flow
Collecting geological data related to a measuring area, and determining the position of a measuring point of a measuring line and the position of a mobile emission source according to the existing CSAMT field working method; determining the required lowest frequency according to the designed maximum detection depth range;
(2) forward modeling calculates electromagnetic sounding curve in detection frequency range
Establishing a model according to the collected geological data, taking a measuring point closest to the emission source as a receiving point, and carrying out forward simulation calculation to obtain an electric field E on the measuring pointxAnd a magnetic field HyCalculating to obtain frequency-apparent resistivity and frequency-impedance phase sounding curves corresponding to different frequencies of the measuring point;
(3) determine to start generating a near fieldFrequency point f of effectnf
Performing image formation of apparent resistivity and impedance phase of a log-log coordinate axis, and judging that an apparent resistivity curve starts to rise along a 45-degree straight line on the log-log coordinate axis, and a phase curve starts to approach to a frequency point of 0 degrees;
(4) emission frequency meter for designing mobile emission source and high-power fixed source
According to the determined near field effect frequency point fnfDesigning a transmission frequency table; designing a transmission frequency table of the mobile source transmitter with a frequency range of 10kHz to fnf(ii) a Designing a transmitting frequency table of a high-power fixed source in a very-low frequency earth-exploring WEM project, wherein the frequency range is fnfTo flow
(5) Acquiring to obtain full-frequency-band electromagnetic detection time sequence
Receivers are arranged on each measuring line of the measuring area in an array mode, and the signal transmitting and receiving work of the mobile source and the fixed source is carried out;
(6) obtaining the apparent resistivity and the impedance phase corresponding to each frequency point
Intercepting time sequence data corresponding to different frequencies according to a transmitting frequency table of the mobile transmitter, and performing FFT (fast Fourier transform) to obtain an electric field amplitude Ex and a magnetic field amplitude Hy of a frequency point corresponding to a high frequency band; intercepting time sequence sections corresponding to different frequencies of a low frequency band according to a transmitting frequency table of a high-power fixed source, and respectively carrying out FFT (fast Fourier transform) conversion to obtain electric field and magnetic field amplitudes corresponding to all frequency points of the low frequency band; calculating to obtain apparent resistivity and impedance phase;
(7) and carrying out data combination on the apparent resistivity values and the impedance phase values of all the frequency points to obtain a full-band electromagnetic sounding curve without the near field effect.
2. The method for electromagnetic detection of deep resources by combining a mobile source with a fixed source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lowest frequency required is determined in step (1) by using the following formula; in the formula, delta is the designed detection depth, rho is the earth resistivity determined according to the known geological data, and the required lowest frequency f is obtained by calculationlow
Figure FDA0002404765960000011
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the frequency-apparent resistivity and frequency-impedance phase sounding curve corresponding to different frequencies of the measuring point is obtained by calculating in step (2) according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002404765960000021
Figure FDA0002404765960000022
where p is the apparent resistivity and where p is the apparent resistivity,
Figure FDA0002404765960000025
is an impedance phase, ExElectric field component in x-direction, HyThe y-direction magnetic field component has an angular frequency ω of 2 pi f, f is the detection frequency used in the detection, μ is the permeability in vacuum, Im represents the imaginary part, and Re represents the real part.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the apparent resistivity and the impedance phase are calculated in step (6) by using the following formulas:
Figure FDA0002404765960000023
Figure FDA0002404765960000024
where p is the apparent resistivity and where p is the apparent resistivity,
Figure FDA0002404765960000026
is an impedance phase, ExElectric field component in x-direction, HyThe y-direction magnetic field component has an angular frequency ω of 2 pi f, f is the detection frequency used in the detection, μ is the permeability in vacuum, Im represents the imaginary part, and Re represents the real part.
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