CN112946765A - Impedance tensor calculation method of WEM method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an impedance tensor calculation method of a WEM method, which comprises the following steps of 1, determining whether signals of a WEM station can cover a target detection area; step 2, setting the signal transmitting frequency and the transmitting time of the WEM station; recording a transmitting antenna, transmitting frequency, current, transmitting start time and transmitting end time in the signal transmitting process; step 3, receiving signals; step 4, data preprocessing, namely preprocessing the data according to the information recorded in the step 2 in the signal transmitting process and frequency points to obtain 2 apparent resistivity and phase curves; step 5, data inversion interpretation; and performing inversion calculation by adopting a two-dimensional and three-dimensional inversion method of an MT method, and dividing the obtained electromagnetic inversion profile into two-dimensional and three-dimensional underground electrical structure characteristics by combining geological and drilling geophysical exploration resources. The impedance tensor calculation method of the WEM method adopts a transmission mode of one-time rotation, the transmission frequency is transmitted from high to low or from low to high in sequence, the replacement times of the tuning capacitor are reduced, and the transmission time is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical electromagnetic detection, in particular to an impedance tensor calculation method of a WEM method.
Background
The magnetotelluric sounding Method (MT) is widely applied to the fields of resource exploration, geological exploration and the like by virtue of the advantages of wide detection range, large detection depth, low cost and the like, but has the defects of weak anti-interference capability and low detection precision; an artificial source electromagnetic method (such as a CSAMT method and a TEM method) adopts a high signal-to-noise ratio signal transmitted artificially to replace a natural field signal, overcomes the defects of the MT method, improves the anti-interference capability and the detection precision, but has the problems of shallow detection depth, small detection range, near field effect and the like, and because the coverage range of a transmission source signal is small, impedance tensor observation is difficult to achieve, inversion basically stays in one dimension, and the requirement of resource exploration on deep and complex geological structures cannot be met.
The WEM method is characterized in that a fixed high-power emission source is established, signals cover the whole country, the signal-to-noise ratio reaches 10-20 dB, the MT method has the characteristics of large detection depth, low cost, strong anti-interference capability of a manual source electromagnetic method (CSAMT and the like) and high detection precision, is convenient for area networking type observation, and can provide ideal conditions for the development of a three-dimensional electromagnetic exploration technology, so that the occurrence of the WEM method can bring brand-new development to the electromagnetic method.
The WEM station consists of a high-power transmitting system and transmitting antennas connected with two ends of which the length is dozens of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers. Because the transmitter power is large, the working voltage is high, and the working loop is provided with a tuning capacitor (because the long antenna is inductive, the antenna loop needs to be connected with the tuning capacitor in series to neutralize the reactance component of the antenna in the working frequency band above 30Hz, so that the antenna loop has pure resistance characteristic and is beneficial to signal radiation), the voltage reduction processing is needed in the switching process of the antenna and the signal frequency, so that the transmitting mode of the WEM method is greatly different from that of the CSAMT method, the transmitting antenna cannot be switched frequently, and signals with different frequencies cannot be changed randomly and frequently, therefore, a set of signal transmitting, external field observation and data preprocessing method suitable for WEM tensor impedance is provided by combining the working mode of the WEM platform.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an impedance tensor calculation method of a WEM method, which is characterized in that the transmission mode of the WEM method is greatly different from that of a CSAMT method because voltage reduction processing is required in the switching process of antenna and signal frequency in the prior art, the transmission antenna cannot be frequently switched, and signals with different frequencies cannot be randomly and frequently changed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an impedance tensor calculation method of a WEM method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining whether a WEM station signal can cover a target detection area;
recording a transmitting antenna, transmitting frequency, current, transmitting start time and transmitting end time by a WEM station in a signal transmitting process;
step 3, receiving signals by adopting a 2-electric 3-magnetic observation system;
step 4, data preprocessing, namely preprocessing data according to the antenna, the transmitting frequency, the current, the transmitting start time and the transmitting end time recorded by the WEM station and frequency points to obtain 2 apparent resistivity and phase curves;
step 4.1, selecting 1 frequency point, and extracting 5 electromagnetic time sequences in the emission time period of 2 antennas from the recording time sequence of the electromagnetic instrument;
step 4.2, dividing each electromagnetic time sequence into a plurality of same time intervals for power calculation, calculating a plurality of values of the frequency points by using a calculation formula (1) of an impedance tensor Z, an apparent resistivity formula (2) and a phase calculation formula (3), and obtaining the apparent resistivity and the phase value of the frequency points by a Roubst estimation method;
wherein E represents an electric path; h represents a track; the superscript NS represents the reception of signals transmitted by north and south antennas, and the EW receives signals transmitted by east and west antennas; subscript x represents the electromagnetic signals received by the sensor in the north-south arrangement, y represents the electromagnetic signals received by the sensor in the east-west arrangement, and Z represents the impedance tensor;
ρ＝0.2T|Z|2 (2)
where ρ represents the apparent resistivity,
representing the phase value, T being the period;
4.3, repeating the step 4.1 and the step 4.2 to obtain apparent resistivity and phase values of all frequency points and form an apparent resistivity and phase value curve;
and performing inversion calculation by adopting a two-dimensional and three-dimensional inversion method of an MT method, and dividing two-dimensional and three-dimensional underground electrical structure characteristics by combining the obtained electromagnetic inversion profile with geological and well drilling geophysical prospecting resources for resource detection, geological survey and earthquake prediction.
Further, in step 1, the method further comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, determining the frequency range of a WEM station according to the type of a target detection area;
when the target detection area is geological detection, the frequency range of the WEM station is 0.1-300 Hz;
when the target detection area is detected by engineering, the frequency range of the WEM station is between 0.5Hz and 300 Hz;
step 1.2, determining the value of the average signal-to-noise ratio according to the electromagnetic noise of the target detection area;
when the target detection area is positioned in an electromagnetic interference source, the effective radiation radius of a signal under the condition of an average signal-to-noise ratio of 20dB is taken as a signal coverage area, and the electromagnetic interference source comprises factories and mines, electric railways, substations and high-voltage wires;
when the target detection area is positioned in an open field far away from an electromagnetic interference source, the effective radiation radius of a signal under the condition of an average signal-to-noise ratio of 10dB is taken as a signal coverage area;
and step 1.3, determining the effective radiation radius of the signal according to the determined frequency range and the average signal-to-noise ratio of the WEM station, and judging whether the signal of the WEM station can cover the target detection area or not according to the effective radiation radius of the signal.
Further, in the step 2, when the emission frequency is 0.1-1 Hz, the emission time is 15-30 minutes; when the emission frequency is 1-30 Hz, the emission time is 5-15 minutes; when the transmitting frequency is 30-300 Hz, the transmitting time is 3-5 minutes.
Further, in step 3, the 2-electric 3-magnetic observation system comprises 2 electric sensors and 2 magnetic sensors which are horizontally and orthogonally arranged on the ground, and 1 magnetic sensor is vertically arranged on the ground, and continuously and synchronously receives all the preset frequency signals transmitted by the WEM station by adopting different antennas.
Further, in step 3, the 2 electric sensors and the 2 magnetic sensors also include a cross-shaped, L-shaped or T-shaped arrangement.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an impedance tensor calculation method of a WEM method, which adopts a one-time rotation transmission mode, namely, an east-west antenna (or a south-north antenna) transmits all signals with preset frequency according to preset time length, then a south-north antenna (or the east-west antenna) transmits signals with the same time length and the same frequency as the east-west antenna (or the south-north antenna), the transmission frequency is transmitted from high to low or from low to high in sequence, the replacement times of tuning capacitors are reduced, the transmission time is saved, and a receiving system adopts a continuous recording mode, so that the labor cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an impedance tensor calculation method of a WEM method according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a WEM transmission subsystem of an impedance tensor calculation method of a WEM method according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of electromagnetic layout of the electromagnetic receiver 2 in the method for calculating the impedance tensor of the WEM method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for calculating an impedance tensor by a WEM method, including the following steps:
step 1, determining whether a WEM station signal can cover a target detection area;
recording a transmitting antenna, transmitting frequency, current, transmitting start time and transmitting end time by a WEM station in a signal transmitting process;
step 3, receiving signals by adopting a 2-electric 3-magnetic observation system;
step 4, data preprocessing, namely preprocessing data according to the antenna, the transmitting frequency, the current, the transmitting start time and the transmitting end time recorded by the WEM station and frequency points to obtain 2 apparent resistivity and phase curves;
step 4.1, selecting 1 frequency point, and extracting 5 electromagnetic time sequences in the emission time period of 2 antennas from the recording time sequence of the electromagnetic instrument;
step 4.2, dividing each electromagnetic time sequence into a plurality of same time intervals for power calculation, calculating a plurality of values of the frequency points by using a calculation formula (1) of an impedance tensor Z, an apparent resistivity formula (2) and a phase calculation formula (3), and obtaining the apparent resistivity and the phase value of the frequency points by a Roubst estimation method;
wherein E represents an electric path; h represents a track; the superscript NS represents the reception of signals transmitted by north and south antennas, and the EW receives signals transmitted by east and west antennas; subscript x represents the electromagnetic signals received by the sensor in the north-south arrangement, y represents the electromagnetic signals received by the sensor in the east-west arrangement, and Z represents the impedance tensor;
ρ＝0.2T|Z|2 (2)
where ρ represents the apparent resistivity,
representing the phase value, T being the period;
4.3, repeating the step 4.1 and the step 4.2 to obtain apparent resistivity and phase values of all frequency points and form an apparent resistivity and phase value curve;
and performing inversion calculation by adopting a two-dimensional and three-dimensional inversion method of an MT method, and dividing two-dimensional and three-dimensional underground electrical structure characteristics by combining the obtained electromagnetic inversion profile with geological and well drilling geophysical prospecting resources for resource detection, geological survey and earthquake prediction.
Further, in step 1, the method further comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, determining the frequency range of a WEM station according to the type of a target detection area;
when the target detection area is geological detection, the frequency range of the WEM station is 0.1-300 Hz;
when the target detection area is detected by engineering, the frequency range of the WEM station is between 0.5Hz and 300 Hz;
step 1.2, determining the value of the average signal-to-noise ratio according to the electromagnetic noise of the target detection area;
when the target detection area is positioned in an electromagnetic interference source, the effective radiation radius of a signal under the condition of an average signal-to-noise ratio of 20dB is taken as a signal coverage area, and the electromagnetic interference source comprises factories and mines, electric railways, substations and high-voltage wires;
when the target detection area is positioned in an open field far away from an electromagnetic interference source, the effective radiation radius of a signal under the condition of an average signal-to-noise ratio of 10dB is taken as a signal coverage area;
and step 1.3, determining the effective radiation radius of the signal according to the determined frequency range and the average signal-to-noise ratio of the WEM station, and judging whether the signal of the WEM station can cover the target detection area or not according to the effective radiation radius of the signal.
Further, in the step 2, when the emission frequency is 0.1-1 Hz, the emission time is 15-30 minutes; when the emission frequency is 1-30 Hz, the emission time is 5-15 minutes; when the transmitting frequency is 30-300 Hz, the transmitting time is 3-5 minutes.
Further, in step 3, the 2-electric 3-magnetic observation system comprises 2 electric sensors and 2 magnetic sensors which are horizontally and orthogonally arranged on the ground, and 1 magnetic sensor is vertically arranged on the ground, and continuously and synchronously receives all the preset frequency signals transmitted by the WEM station by adopting different antennas.
Further, in step 3, the 2 electric sensors and the 2 magnetic sensors also include a cross-shaped, L-shaped or T-shaped arrangement.
Example 1
1. Determining whether WEM station signal can cover target detection area
The electromagnetic signal with the extremely low frequency of 0.1Hz-300Hz transmitted by the WEM station is transmitted through the cavity of the ground-ionized layer, the signal attenuation is small, and the signal can be transmitted far. The rated transmitting power of the WEM station is 500kW, and according to theoretical calculation and actual test results, the coverage ranges of different frequency signals under different signal-to-noise ratios are shown in Table 1. After a user determines a target detection area, the frequency range of a WEM station needs to be determined according to the requirements of practical application and detection depth, such as geological detection, mineral resource detection and the like, the detection depth is required to be large, and the frequency range is set to be 0.1-300 Hz; for engineering applications (detection of underground water, tunnels and the like), shallow detection depths are required, and the frequency range can be set to be 0.5Hz or a few Hz to 300 Hz. On the basis, local electromagnetic noise of a target detection area is combined, for example, the electromagnetic noise is large, the effective radiation radius under the condition of the average signal-to-noise ratio of 20dB is taken as a signal coverage area, otherwise, the effective radiation radius under the condition of the average signal-to-noise ratio of 10dB can be taken as the signal coverage area, so that a strong enough WEM signal can be received in the detection area, and the requirement of WEM method tensor impedance measurement is met.
TABLE 1 coverage of signals of WEM station under different frequencies and different SNR conditions
2. Presetting WEM station signal transmission frequency and transmission time length
The WEM station is composed of a transmitting station and two transmitting antennas, as shown in fig. 1 to 3. Because the length of the transmitting antenna reaches dozens of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers, the antenna is obviously inductive, and when the antenna works in a frequency band above 30Hz, a tuning capacitor is required to be connected in series in an antenna loop to offset reactance components of the antenna, so that the antenna has pure resistance characteristics. The antenna is tuned by series capacitors, and a plurality of continuous transmitting frequencies are adopted to tune a group of capacitors. When transmitting signals, such as those involving switching tuning capacitors, it is necessary to reduce the voltage and then switch the capacitors (which takes time) since the capacitors cannot operate at high voltage. Therefore, when the transmission signals are arranged, the signals are required to be transmitted in the order of high frequency and low frequency, from high to low or from low to high, so that the times of switching the tuning capacitance are reduced, and the transmission time is saved. Under the general condition, the emission time of 0.1-1 Hz is 15-30 minutes, the emission time of 1-30 Hz is 5-15 minutes, and the emission time of 30-300 Hz is 3-5 minutes. For example, the electromagnetic noise is larger at some frequency points in the detection area, or signals of some frequencies are interested (corresponding to the detection depth), the time for transmitting and receiving signals can be lengthened to improve the observation accuracy of the frequency points. In the signal transmission process, the transmitting station needs to record the transmitting antenna, the transmitting frequency, the current, the transmitting start time and the transmitting end time in detail for data preprocessing.
3. Signal reception
The signal reception is the same as other existing electromagnetic methods, and a 2-electric 3-magnetic observation system is adopted, as shown in fig. 1 to 3. 2 electric sensors and 2 magnetic sensors are horizontally and orthogonally arranged on the ground (a cross-shaped, L-shaped or T-shaped electrode arrangement mode can be adopted), 1 magnetic sensor is vertically arranged on the ground, and all preset frequency signals transmitted by different antennas of the WEM station are continuously and synchronously received.
4. Data pre-processing
And according to the antenna, the transmitting frequency, the current, the transmitting start time and the transmitting end time recorded by the transmitting station, carrying out data preprocessing according to frequency points to obtain 2 apparent resistivity and phase curves. The data preprocessing method comprises the following steps: selecting 1 frequency point, extracting 5 electromagnetic time sequences in the transmission time period of 2 antennas from the recording time sequence of the electromagnetic instrument, such as Ex NS、Ey NS、Hx NS、Hy NS、Hz NSAnd Ex EW、Ey EW、Hx EW、Hy EW、Hz EW(E denotes a track; H denotes a track; superscript NS denotes a reception north-southThe signal transmitted by the antenna and the signal transmitted by the east-west antenna are received by EW; subscript x represents electromagnetic signals received by the sensors arranged in the north-south direction, y represents electromagnetic signals received by the sensors arranged in the east-west direction, and Z represents electromagnetic signals received by the sensors arranged perpendicular to the ground), each time sequence is divided into a plurality of same time periods for power calculation, a plurality of values of the frequency point are calculated by using a calculation formula (1) of impedance tensor Z, an apparent resistivity (2) and a phase calculation formula (3), and then the final apparent resistivity and phase value of the frequency point are obtained by using an estimation method such as correlation or Roubst. In this way, apparent resistivity and phase values of all the transmission frequency points can be obtained, and an apparent resistivity and phase curve value curve is formed, as shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3.
ρ＝0.2T|Z|2 (2)
Where ρ represents the apparent resistivity,
representing the phase value, T being the period, Z comprising Zxx、Zxy、Zyx、Zyy；
5. Data inversion interpretation
The inversion of WEM electromagnetic data is consistent with the inversion of MT method data, the inversion calculation is carried out by applying a two-dimensional and three-dimensional inversion method of the MT method, and the obtained electromagnetic inversion profile is combined with geology, well drilling and other geophysical prospecting methods to mark out different stratum structures and target geologic bodies for resource detection, geological survey, earthquake prediction and the like.
In the description herein, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and it is therefore intended that all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention be considered as within the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. An impedance tensor calculation method of a WEM method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining whether a WEM station signal can cover a target detection area;
step 2, setting the signal transmitting frequency and the transmitting time of the WEM station;
recording a transmitting antenna, transmitting frequency, current, transmitting start time and transmitting end time by a WEM station in a signal transmitting process;
step 3, receiving signals by adopting a 2-electric 3-magnetic observation system;
step 4, data preprocessing, namely preprocessing data according to the antenna, the transmitting frequency, the current, the transmitting start time and the transmitting end time recorded by the WEM station and frequency points to obtain 2 apparent resistivity and phase curves;
step 4.1, selecting 1 frequency point, and extracting 5 electromagnetic time sequences in the emission time period of 2 antennas from the recording time sequence of the electromagnetic instrument;
step 4.2, dividing each electromagnetic time sequence into a plurality of same time intervals for power calculation, calculating a plurality of values of the frequency points by using a calculation formula (1) of an impedance tensor Z, an apparent resistivity formula (2) and a phase calculation formula (3), and obtaining the apparent resistivity and the phase value of the frequency points by a Roubst estimation method;
wherein E represents an electric path; h represents a track; the superscript NS represents the reception of signals transmitted by north and south antennas, and the EW receives signals transmitted by east and west antennas; subscript x represents the electromagnetic signals received by the sensor in the north-south arrangement, y represents the electromagnetic signals received by the sensor in the east-west arrangement, and Z represents the impedance tensor;
ρ＝0.2T|Z|2 (2)
where ρ represents the apparent resistivity,
representing the phase value, T being the period;
4.3, repeating the step 4.1 and the step 4.2 to obtain apparent resistivity and phase values of all frequency points and form an apparent resistivity and phase value curve;
step 5, data inversion interpretation;
and performing inversion calculation by adopting a two-dimensional and three-dimensional inversion method of an MT method, and dividing two-dimensional and three-dimensional underground electrical structure characteristics by combining the obtained electromagnetic inversion profile with geological and well drilling geophysical prospecting resources for resource detection, geological survey and earthquake prediction.
2. The method of calculating an impedance tensor of a WEM method according to claim 1, further comprising, in step 1, the steps of:
step 1.1, determining the frequency range of a WEM station according to the type of a target detection area;
when the target detection area is geological detection, the frequency range of the WEM station is 0.1-300 Hz;
when the target detection area is detected by engineering, the frequency range of the WEM station is between 0.5Hz and 300 Hz;
step 1.2, determining the value of the average signal-to-noise ratio according to the electromagnetic noise of the target detection area;
when the target detection area is positioned in an electromagnetic interference source, the effective radiation radius of a signal under the condition of an average signal-to-noise ratio of 20dB is taken as a signal coverage area, and the electromagnetic interference source comprises factories and mines, electric railways, substations and high-voltage wires;
when the target detection area is positioned in an open field far away from an electromagnetic interference source, the effective radiation radius of a signal under the condition of 10dB of the average signal-to-noise ratio is taken as a signal coverage area;
and step 1.3, determining the effective radiation radius of the signal according to the determined frequency range and the average signal-to-noise ratio of the WEM station, and judging whether the signal of the WEM station can cover the target detection area or not according to the effective radiation radius of the signal.
3. The method for calculating the impedance tensor of the WEM method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, when the transmission frequency is 0.1 to 1Hz, the transmission time is 15 to 30 minutes; when the emission frequency is 1-30 Hz, the emission time is 5-15 minutes; when the transmitting frequency is 30-300 Hz, the transmitting time is 3-5 minutes.
4. The method for calculating the impedance tensor of the WEM method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, the 2-electric 3-magnetic observation system comprises 2 electric sensors and 2 magnetic sensors which are horizontally and orthogonally arranged on the ground, wherein 1 magnetic sensor is vertically arranged on the ground, and all the signals with the preset frequency transmitted by different antennas of the WEM station are continuously and synchronously received.
5. The method of calculating an impedance tensor of a WEM method as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step 3, the 2 electrical sensors and the 2 magnetic sensors further comprise a cross-shaped, L-shaped or T-shaped layout.
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