CN111289195A - Bridge deflection measuring system and measuring method - Google Patents
Bridge deflection measuring system and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111289195A CN111289195A CN202010142901.XA CN202010142901A CN111289195A CN 111289195 A CN111289195 A CN 111289195A CN 202010142901 A CN202010142901 A CN 202010142901A CN 111289195 A CN111289195 A CN 111289195A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0008—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of bridges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
- G01C9/12—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels by using a single pendulum plumb lines G01C15/10
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
- G01M5/0041—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress
- G01M5/005—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining deflection or stress by means of external apparatus, e.g. test benches or portable test systems
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Abstract
The application discloses bridge deflection measurement system and method, this bridge deflection measurement system includes: two ends of the inhaul cable (1) are respectively fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the bridge body (9); the strain measuring device (2) is fixed on the stay cable (1) and used for measuring the initial strain value of the tensioned stay cable (1) and changing the change strain value of the stay cable (1) after the load of the bridge body (9) is changed; the angle measuring device (3) is used for measuring the size of an included angle between the inhaul cable (1) and the lower side beam body (91) of the bridge; and calculating the deflection of the bridge according to the initial strain value, the change strain value, the length of the stay cable (1) and the included angle between the stay cable (1) and the lower side beam body (91) of the bridge. The method for measuring the bridge deflection has the advantages of low cost, simplicity and convenience in operation, high measurement efficiency and small influence of external conditions such as environment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of bridge detection, in particular to a bridge deflection measuring system and a measuring method.
Background
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
Along with the development of economic strength and social progress of China, the traffic volume of China is also greatly increased. The bridge plays an important traffic role as a link for connecting different regions and different terrains. The safety of the bridge structure not only affects the national economy and social development, but also threatens the safety of each person who goes out, so that the safety detection of the bridge is an indispensable link in the modern bridge engineering.
Under the action of load, the bridge will be subjected to flexural deformation, and the bridge deflection refers to the vertical displacement of each point after deformation. The bridge deflection is an important parameter for reflecting the vertical integral rigidity of the bridge and is an important index for evaluating the safety of the bridge. Currently, the field test of bridge deflection generally adopts the following method:
1. optical measuring instruments such as a level gauge and the like are adopted to measure the bridge deflection, although the operation is simple and convenient, more manpower is needed during measurement, and the measuring efficiency is lower;
2. the displacement meters such as dial indicators and dial indicators are adopted to test the deflection of the bridge, a scaffold needs to be built below the bridge body or a steel wire needs to be pulled at a measuring point, and when water exists below the bridge, direct measurement cannot be carried out; for the overpass bridge, the method cannot be used due to the influence of railway or highway driving limits;
3. based on a photoelectric image principle, a data processing method is adopted through acquired image signals to obtain a deflection value of the bridge, the working principle is complex, image data acquisition is limited by specific conditions such as weather, light and the like, data processing is complex, and cost is high;
4. based on the principle of communicating pipes, the method measures the deflection of the bridge according to the change of the liquid level in the open communicating pipes, and is simple in principle, but the test equipment is troublesome to arrange, high in cost and greatly influenced by the ambient temperature.
From the above, the above methods for measuring the deflection of the bridge have certain defects.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a bridge deflection measurement system, and is with low costs, easy and simple to handle, and measurement of efficiency is high, receives external conditions's such as environment influence little, and this bridge deflection measurement system includes:
two ends of the inhaul cable 1 are respectively fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the bridge body 9; the strain measuring device 2 is fixed on the inhaul cable 1 and used for measuring an initial strain value of the inhaul cable 1 after being tightened and a change strain value of the inhaul cable 1 after changing the load of the bridge body 9; the angle measuring device 3 is used for measuring the size of an included angle between the inhaul cable 1 and the lower side beam body 91 of the bridge; and calculating the deflection of the bridge according to the initial strain value, the change strain value, the length of the stay cable 1 and the included angle between the stay cable 1 and the lower side beam body 91 of the bridge.
The embodiment of the application also provides a bridge deflection measuring method, which is applied to a bridge deflection measuring system, has low cost, simple and convenient operation and high measuring efficiency, is slightly influenced by external conditions such as environment and the like, and comprises the following steps:
tensioning the guy cables 1 fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the bridge girder body 9, and measuring the length and the initial strain value of the tensioned guy cables and the included angle between the guy cables 1 and the bridge girder body 91; changing the load of a bridge body 9, and measuring the change strain value of the stay cable 1; and calculating the bridge deflection at the position of the second anchoring point 6 according to the length of the tensioned cable 1, the initial strain value, the included angle between the cable 1 and the lower side beam body 91 of the bridge and the changed strain value.
In the embodiment of the application, the bridge deflection is measured by using the devices such as the guy cable, the strain measuring device, the angle measuring device and the like, and the devices have lower cost, so that the total cost of the bridge deflection measuring system is reduced; in the measuring process, the methods that the stay cables are fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the bridge body, the strain numerical value of the stay cable and the included angle between the stay cable and the lower side beam body of the bridge are adopted, the operation is simple and convenient, the execution is easy, and the influence of external conditions such as environment and the like is not easy to occur; meanwhile, parameters such as the length of the stay cable, the strain value and the included angle of the lower side beam body of the bridge are easy to obtain, and the measurement efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout of a bridge deflection measuring system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an angle measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a pretensioning device in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for measuring bridge deflection in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is an overall schematic view of a bridge body before and after deformation in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a partial schematic view of a bridge body before and after deformation in an embodiment of the present application.
Drawings
1: the stay rope 2: strain measuring device
3: angle measuring device 4: pre-tightening device
5: first anchor point 6: second anchor point
7: fixing support 8: movable support
31: scale 32: plumb bob
41: fastener 42: bolt
9: bridge beam 91: lower side beam body of bridge
92: bridge upper side beam body
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present application are provided herein to explain the present application and not to limit the present application.
The embodiment of the application provides a bridge deflection measurement system, and as shown in fig. 1, the system comprises a stay cable 1, a strain measurement device 2 and an angle measurement device 3.
Wherein, the two ends of the guy cable 1 are respectively fixed on the upper and lower sides of the bridge body 9. As shown in fig. 1, a guy cable 1 and a bridge lower side beam body 91 are fixed at a first anchoring point 5, and the first anchoring point 5 is positioned at the lower side of the end of a fixed support 7 in a box girder of a bridge and is far away from a movable support 8; the inhaul cable 1 and the side beam body 92 on the bridge are fixed on a second anchoring point 6, and the second anchoring point 6 is located at the position for measuring the deflection of the bridge. Specifically, two ends of the inhaul cable 1 are respectively fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the bridge body through fastening bolts. The bridge deflection measuring position can be any position on the bridge, such as 1/4 position, 1/2 position or 3/4 position of the upper side beam body 92 of the bridge, and exemplarily, the second anchoring point 6 is arranged at 1/2 position of the upper side beam body 92 of the bridge in fig. 1.
And the strain measuring device 2 is fixed on the inhaul cable 1 and used for measuring the initial strain value of the inhaul cable 1 after being tightened and changing the change strain value of the inhaul cable 1 after the load of the bridge beam body 9 is changed. In the present embodiment, the strain measuring device 2 is used with an accuracy of 1 μ ∈ or more.
And the angle measuring device 3 is used for measuring the included angle between the inhaul cable 3 and the lower side beam body 91 of the bridge. The angle measuring device 3 comprises a graduated scale 31 and a plumb bob 32, as shown in fig. 1, when measuring, a right-angle side of the graduated scale 31 is attached to the inhaul cable 1, the line end of the plumb bob 32 is fixed at the right-angle vertex of the graduated scale 31, and the plumb bob 32 naturally droops to indicate the size of the included angle between the inhaul cable 1 and the lower side beam body 91 of the bridge. As shown in fig. 2, the scale of the graduated scale 31 is marked clockwise; when measuring, the right-angle side where the 90-degree scale mark of the graduated scale 31 is located is attached to the inhaul cable 1, and the scale indicated by the plumb line is the size of the measured included angle when the plumb bob 32 naturally droops.
In the embodiment of the application, the bridge deflection measuring system further comprises a pre-tightening device 4. As shown in fig. 1, two ends of the pre-tightening device 4 are respectively connected with one end of one cable 1, the other ends of the two cables 1 are respectively connected with the upper side and the lower side of the bridge body 9, and the pre-tightening device is used for tightening the cables. As shown in fig. 3, the pretensioner 4 includes a fastening member 41 and bolts 42 installed at both ends of the fastening member 41, and the cable 1 is connected to the bolts 42 and tightened by adjusting the bolts 42.
And calculating the deflection of the bridge according to the initial strain value, the change strain value, the length of the stay cable 1 and the included angle between the stay cable 1 and the lower side beam body 91 of the bridge. Note that, if the pretensioner 4 is attached to the cable 1, the total length of the two cables 1 and the pretensioner 4 is defined as the length of the cable 1.
In the embodiment of the application, the bridge deflection is measured by using the devices such as the guy cable, the strain measuring device, the angle measuring device and the like, and the devices have lower cost, so that the total cost of the bridge deflection measuring system is reduced; in the measuring process, the methods that the stay cables are fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the bridge body, the strain numerical value of the stay cable and the included angle between the stay cable and the lower side beam body of the bridge are adopted, the operation is simple and convenient, the execution is easy, and the influence of external conditions such as environment and the like is not easy to occur; meanwhile, parameters such as the length of the stay cable, the strain value and the included angle of the lower side beam body of the bridge are easy to obtain, and the measurement efficiency is improved.
The embodiment of the present application provides a method for measuring bridge deflection, as shown in fig. 4, where the method is applied to a bridge deflection measuring system in the previous embodiment, and the method includes steps 401 to 403:
In the embodiment of the application, the guy cable 1 can be tightened by the pre-tightening device 4, the initial strain value and the change strain value are measured by the strain measuring device 2, and the included angle between the guy cable 1 and the lower side beam body 91 of the bridge is measured by the angle measuring device 3.
And 402, changing the load of the bridge body 9 and measuring the change strain value of the inhaul cable 1.
It should be noted that the load applied to change the load of the bridge beam 9 includes not only specific and definite external stimuli such as vehicles, test blocks, water bags and the like arranged on the bridge beam 9, but also beam load changes caused by environment (such as temperature or temperature field change), foundation settlement and the like, so that the measuring system is not only suitable for bridge load tests specially planned in a short time, but also suitable for long-term monitoring of bridge deflection.
When the load on the bridge beam body 9 changes, the bridge beam body 9 is subjected to flexural deformation, the strain of the tightening guy cable 1 fixed with the bridge beam body 9 changes, and the change strain value of the guy cable 1 is measured.
And step 403, calculating the deflection of the bridge according to the length of the tensioned cable 1, the initial strain value, the included angle between the cable 1 and the lower side beam body 91 of the bridge and the changed strain value.
In particular, according to the formula
Calculating the deflection delta of the bridge; wherein epsilon1Indicating a change strain value; epsilon0Representing an initial strain value; l is0Showing the length of the cable 1 after tightening; theta represents the size of an included angle between the stay cable 1 and the bridge lower side beam body 91.
In the embodiment of the application, the bridge deflection is measured by using the devices such as the guy cable, the strain measuring device, the angle measuring device and the like, and the devices have lower cost, so that the total cost of the bridge deflection measuring system is reduced; in the measuring process, the methods that the stay cables are fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the bridge body, the strain numerical value of the stay cable and the included angle between the stay cable and the lower side beam body of the bridge are adopted, the operation is simple and convenient, the execution is easy, and the influence of external conditions such as environment and the like is not easy to occur; meanwhile, parameters such as the length of the stay cable, the strain value and the included angle of the lower side beam body of the bridge are easy to obtain, and the measurement efficiency is improved.
Since the method for analyzing the error of the second anchoring point 6 at any position of the upper side beam body 92 of the bridge is the same, the error of the bridge deflection measuring method provided by the embodiment of the present application will be described below with reference to fig. 5 and 6, taking only the position 1/2 of the second anchoring point 6 at the upper side beam body 92 of the bridge as an example. Wherein, fig. 5 is an overall schematic view of the bridge body before and after deformation; fig. 6 is a partial schematic view of the bridge body before and after deformation, which is obtained by partially enlarging the portion in fig. 5.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, ∠ a, ∠ B and ∠ C are angle values generated before and after cable deformation, δ is a bridge deflection value, Δ L is a cable length change value before and after beam deformation, and Δ θ is a cable angle change value before and after beam deformation, and the relationship of the above parameters is as follows:
order to
The above equation is simplified to δ ═ f (x) Δ L
Performing taylor series expansion on f (x):
from the above formula, it can be seen that f (x) is composed of four terms, and the following table calculates the ratio of the sum of the latter three terms to the first term in the case of common angles and bending span ratios (ratio of mid-span deflection to bridge span).
The results show that the cumulative maximum relative contribution of the last three terms is about 2 ‰ (occurring in the case of a flex span of 300, θ being 20 °) of term 1, i.e., the last three terms are negligible, and the formula can be simplified as follows:
the error composition of the method is as follows:
in the formula, delta is a deflection measurement error; Δ ε is the strain measurement error; Δ θ is the angle measurement error.
Taking a 32m beam as an example, the net height in the tank is 2.5m, i.e. theta is 0.155rad, L016194 mm; assuming that the L/3000 deflection, i.e., δ, is 10.7mm, the theory can be derived
The error components shown in the following table II are introduced, and it can be seen that the accuracy of the horizontal angular quantity theta is a control factor, the maximum error is 1.19mm, and the theoretical deflection proportion is 11.1%, which is equivalent to the relative accuracy of the angle
The influence of the strain measurement precision and the cable length precision can be ignored, namely the measuring precision of theta is ensured in the field operation process.
Watch two
The above-mentioned embodiments are further described in detail for the purpose of illustrating the invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A bridge deflection measurement system, comprising:
two ends of the inhaul cable (1) are respectively fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the bridge body (9);
the strain measuring device (2) is fixed on the stay cable (1) and used for measuring the initial strain value of the tensioned stay cable (1) and changing the change strain value of the stay cable (1) after the load of the bridge body (9) is changed;
the angle measuring device (3) is used for measuring the size of an included angle between the inhaul cable (1) and the lower side beam body (91) of the bridge;
and calculating the deflection of the bridge according to the initial strain value, the change strain value, the length of the stay cable (1) and the included angle between the stay cable (1) and the lower side beam body (91) of the bridge.
2. The bridge deflection measurement system of claim 1,
the accuracy of the strain measuring device (2) is greater than or equal to 1 [ mu ] epsilon.
3. The bridge deflection measurement system of claim 1,
angle measuring device (3), including scale (31) and plummet (32), when measuring, tight cable (1) is pasted to a right-angle side of scale (31), the right angle summit department at scale (31) is fixed to the line end of plummet (32), indicate the contained angle size of cable (1) and bridge downside roof beam body (91) when plummet (32) hang down naturally.
4. The bridge deflection measuring system according to claim 3, wherein the scales of the graduated scale (31) are marked clockwise; when in measurement, the right-angle side where the 90-degree scale mark of the graduated scale (31) is located is attached to the inhaul cable (1).
5. A bridge deflection measuring system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the system further comprises:
two ends of the pre-tightening device (4) are respectively connected with one end of one stay cable (1), and the other ends of the two stay cables (1) are respectively connected with the upper side and the lower side of the bridge body (9); the pre-tightening device is used for tightening the inhaul cable (1).
6. The bridge deflection measurement system of claim 5,
the pre-tightening device (4) comprises a fastening piece (41) and bolts (42) installed at two ends of the fastening piece (41), the inhaul cable (1) is connected with the bolts (42), and the inhaul cable (1) is tightened by adjusting the bolts (42).
7. The bridge deflection measuring system according to claim 1, wherein two ends of the guy cable (1) are respectively fixed on the upper side and the lower side of the bridge body (9) through fastening bolts.
8. The bridge deflection measuring system according to claim 1 or 7, wherein the guy cable (1) and the bridge lower side beam body (91) are fixed to a first anchoring point (5), and the first anchoring point (5) is positioned at the lower side of the fixed support end in the box girder of the bridge; the inhaul cable (1) and the side beam body (92) on the bridge are fixed to a second anchoring point (6), and the second anchoring point (6) is located at the position of bridge deflection measurement.
9. A bridge deflection measuring method, which is applied to the bridge deflection measuring system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprising:
tensioning the guy cables (1) fixed on the upper side and the lower side of a bridge beam body (9), and measuring the length and the initial strain value of the tensioned guy cables and the size of an included angle between the guy cable (1) and the lower side beam body (91) of the bridge;
changing the load of a bridge body (9) and measuring the change strain value of the stay cable (1);
and calculating the bridge deflection at the position of the second anchoring point (6) according to the length of the tensioned cable (1), the initial strain value, the included angle between the cable (1) and the bridge lower side beam body (91) and the change strain value.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the step of calculating the bridge deflection at the position of the second anchoring point (6) according to the length of the tensioned cable (1), the initial strain value, the included angle between the cable (1) and the bridge lower side beam body (91) and the change strain value comprises the following steps:
according to the formula
Calculating the bridge deflection delta at the position of the second anchoring point (6);
wherein epsilon1Indicating a change strain value; epsilon0Representing an initial strain value; l is0Indicating the length of the tensioned cable (1); theta represents the size of an included angle between the stay cable (1) and the lower side beam body (91) of the bridge.
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