CN110725699A - Shear force measuring method for circular-end-shaped tenon and mortise of shield tunnel segment - Google Patents
Shear force measuring method for circular-end-shaped tenon and mortise of shield tunnel segment Download PDFInfo
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- CN110725699A CN110725699A CN201911183997.8A CN201911183997A CN110725699A CN 110725699 A CN110725699 A CN 110725699A CN 201911183997 A CN201911183997 A CN 201911183997A CN 110725699 A CN110725699 A CN 110725699A
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- tenon
- strain gauge
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
Abstract
The invention provides a shear force measuring method for a circular-end-shaped tenon and mortise of a shield tunnel segment, which comprises the following steps of: pre-burying a plurality of strain gauges at a plurality of angles around the tenon and the middle position of the front face of the tenon, wherein the pre-buried strain gauges at the upper part and the lower part of the tenon are symmetrically arranged up and down, and each strain gauge is connected to a strain gauge through a connecting wire; after the tenon is pressed, reading and recording the reading of each strain gauge through the strain gauge; and calculating the shearing force at the joint of the tenon and the segment according to the reading of each strain gauge. The invention solves the problem of troublesome tenon-tenon shear force measurement for a long time; the production process is simple, the target shear force can be obtained through corresponding data measurement and calculation only by simply arranging the strain gauge, the cost is low, and the operation is convenient; the traditional shear force measuring device can only measure the shear force in one direction, and the strain gauges are symmetrically arranged, so that the shear force in two directions can be measured simultaneously, and the shear force in the whole plane can be obtained by one measuring device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel engineering, in particular to a shear force measuring method for a circular-end-shaped tenon and mortise of a shield tunnel segment.
Background
With the development of urban infrastructure, the number of subways built in cities is increasing. The shield method is used as a main method for urban tunnel construction, and has a leading position in the subway construction method for a long time, and shield segments used as a lining structure of the shield tunnel face severe tests of load bearing and construction safety. Once the pipe is damaged, the construction operation of the tunnel is seriously influenced and is difficult to repair, and the joint is a weak link of the lining of the pipe piece, so that the research on the stress characteristic of the pipe piece structure is very necessary.
At present, the research on the structure and the stress performance of the shield segment is more and more, the design of some novel segments is also developed, and the segment with a tenon and a tenon on the joint is just one of the novel segments. The joint is provided with the tenon and the mortise, so that the stress of the bolt can be shared, the integrity of the segment at the joint can be improved, and the stress performance of the segment at the joint can be optimized. However, in such a design, the stress condition at the tenon and mortise is not easy to monitor, and mainly includes the following aspects:
1. the joint of the tenon and the segment main body is mainly under the action of shearing force, but no better method for directly measuring the shearing force in the structure exists at present. For example, the patent of invention with the publication number of CN106525576A discloses an embedded concrete shear stress sensor, which can theoretically measure the shear stress at the embedded point, but needs to open a hole at the measured point to embed the strain gauge, and may damage the structural integrity of the joint between the tenon and the segment, and generate a stress concentration phenomenon, thereby greatly affecting the test result, which is obviously not feasible.
2. The existing concrete strain gauge is mainly installed on the surface of a measured object, and for a tenon with stress similar to a cantilever beam, if a method of directly measuring surface strain to calculate shearing force is adopted, the method is easily influenced by factors such as small strain, multiple interference conditions and the like, so that a calculation result generates large errors. For heterogeneous materials such as concrete, the force-deformation relationship on the macroscopic level cannot ensure the consistency of theoretical analysis and test results, and even if the load-strain curves of the structure surface are the same, the force distribution in the member may be greatly different. Thus, conventional surface strain gages are not suitable for monitoring stress conditions at the tongue and groove.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a shear force measuring method for a circular-end-shaped tenon and mortise of a shield tunnel segment, and aims to solve the problem that the stress condition result measured by the existing method at the tenon and mortise is inaccurate.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention provides a shear force measuring method for a circular-end-shaped tenon and mortise of a shield tunnel segment, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) pre-burying a plurality of strain gauges at a plurality of angles around the tenon and the middle position of the front face of the tenon, wherein the pre-buried strain gauges at the upper part and the lower part of the tenon are symmetrically arranged up and down, and each strain gauge is connected to a strain gauge through a connecting wire;
(2) after the tenon is pressed, reading and recording the reading of each strain gauge through the strain gauge;
(3) and calculating the shearing force at the joint of the tenon and the segment according to the reading of each strain gauge.
Further, the step (3) specifically includes:
according to the stress balance, the shearing force at the joint of the tenon and the segment is equal to the integral of the positive stress of the tenon in the z-axis direction on the surface of the tenon:
F＝∫∫σzdA
according to generalized hooke's law:
in the formula: v is the Poisson's ratio of the concrete, E is the elastic modulus of the concrete, sigmazIs the positive stress of the tenon in the z-axis direction, is ∈x，∈y，∈zPositive strain of the tenon in the directions of an x axis, a y axis and a z axis respectively, wherein the x axis is vertical to the front face of the tenon, the y axis is coplanar and vertical to the x axis in a horizontal plane, and the z axis is coplanar and vertical to the x axis in a vertical plane;
respectively calculating the corresponding E of each angle on the surface of the tenon through the reading of each strain gaugex，∈y，∈zSubstituting the calculation result into Hooke's law to obtain the average stress sigma corresponding to each directionz，θAnd further solving the shear stress of the tenon:
in the formula: h is the thickness of the tenon, L is the length of the upper surface of the cuboid structure of the tenon, and R is the radius of the semi-cylinders on the two sides of the tenon.
Further, the arrangement mode of the strain gauge in the step (1) is as follows: a first strain gauge, a second strain gauge, a third strain gauge and a fourth strain gauge which are arranged side by side along the thickness direction of the tenon are embedded in one side of the upper surface of the cuboid structure of the tenon, a eleventh strain gauge, a twelfth strain gauge, a thirteenth strain gauge and a fourteenth strain gauge which are arranged side by side along the thickness direction of the tenon are embedded in the other side of the cuboid structure of the tenon, a fifth strain gauge is embedded in the position of the radius of the arc-shaped surface of the semi-cylinder on one side of the tenon, which is at an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical direction, a sixth strain gauge and a seventh strain gauge are embedded in the position of the radius of 90 degrees with the vertical direction, a tenth strain gauge is embedded in the position of the radius of 45 degrees with the vertical direction on the arc-shaped surface of the semi-cylinder on the other side of the tenon, and an eighth strain gauge and a ninth strain gauge are embedded in the position of the radius of 90 degrees, a fifteenth strain gauge and a sixteenth strain gauge which are horizontally arranged are respectively embedded at the circle center positions of the two semi-cylinders on the two sides of the tenon; and strain gauges symmetrically arranged with the upper parts are embedded in the lower parts of the tenons.
Further, the E corresponding to each angle of the surface of the tenon is calculated through the reading of each strain gaugex，∈y，∈zThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
if the upper surface of the tenon is pressed, the readings from the first strain gauge to the sixteenth strain gauge are respectively epsilon1～ε16；
Wherein exThe following equation is used to obtain:
e corresponding to each angle on the surface of tenony，∈zThe following calculation formula is used to obtain:
wherein, the numbers in the subscript represent the angular difference between the radial direction of the strain point and the clockwise direction of the 12-point direction;
and if the lower surface of the tenon is pressed, replacing the strain data of the upper part of the tenon in the formula with the strain data of the lower part of the tenon symmetrically.
Further, the specific installation method of the strain gauge in the step (1) is as follows:
a strain gauge hole is formed in the position, where the tenon needs to measure strain, of the tenon;
cleaning and drying the strain gauge holes;
fixing the tenon;
pouring an adhesive into the strain gauge hole, and inserting the strain gauge;
waiting for the adhesive to harden;
connecting wires of the strain gauges to the strain gauges.
Further, between the step (1) and the step (2), further comprising:
carrying out tension calibration on each strain gauge;
the temperature characteristics at zero point balance are checked.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for measuring the circular-end-shaped tenon-tenon shear force of the shield tunnel segment solves the problem of troublesome tenon-tenon shear force measurement for a long time; the production process is simple, the target shear force can be obtained through corresponding data measurement and calculation only by simply arranging the strain gauge, the cost is low, and the operation is convenient; the traditional shear force measuring device can only measure the shear force in one direction, and the strain gauges are symmetrically arranged, so that the shear force in two directions can be measured simultaneously, and the shear force in the whole plane can be obtained by one measuring device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of arrangement positions and serial numbers of strain gauges in a shield tunnel segment round-end tenon-and-mortise shear force measurement method provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a tenon provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a perspective view of a tenon provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a shear force measurement method for a circular-end-shaped tenon and mortise of a shield tunnel segment, where the circular-end-shaped tenon and mortise include semi-cylindrical structures located on two sides and a rectangular structure located between the two semi-cylindrical structures, and the method includes the following steps:
(1) embedding a plurality of strain gauges at a plurality of angles around the tenon and the middle position of the front surface of the tenon for measuring the strain corresponding to each angle of the tenon, wherein the plurality of angles around the tenon comprise a plurality of positions of the upper surface and the lower surface of a cuboid structure of the tenon and a plurality of positions of the arc surfaces of two semi-cylinder structures of the tenon, the middle position of the front surface of the tenon is not limited to the center position of the tenon, the strain gauges embedded at the upper part and the lower part of the tenon are vertically symmetrical, and each strain gauge is connected to a strain gauge through a connecting wire;
(2) after the tenon is pressed, reading and recording the reading of each strain gauge through the strain gauge;
(3) and calculating the shearing force at the joint of the tenon and the segment according to the reading of each strain gauge.
The method for measuring the circular-end-shaped tenon-and-mortise shear force of the shield tunnel segment provided by the embodiment of the invention solves the problem of troublesome tenon-and-mortise shear force measurement for a long time; the production process is simple, the target shear force can be obtained through corresponding data measurement and calculation only by simply arranging the strain gauge, the cost is low, and the operation is convenient; the traditional shear force measuring device can only measure the shear force in one direction, and the strain gauges are symmetrically arranged, so that the shear force in two directions can be measured simultaneously, and the shear force in the whole plane can be obtained by one measuring device.
The above steps will be described in detail below.
The specific installation method of the strain gauge in the step (1) is as follows:
1) a strain gauge hole is formed in the position, where the tenon needs to measure strain, of the tenon;
2) cleaning and drying the strain gauge holes;
3) fixing the tenon;
4) pouring an adhesive into the strain gauge hole, and inserting the strain gauge;
5) waiting for the adhesive to harden;
6) connecting wires of the strain gauges to the strain gauges.
Preferably, the method further comprises, between the step (1) and the step (2): carrying out tension calibration on each strain gauge; the temperature characteristics at zero point balance are checked. Thereby improving the measurement precision and reducing errors.
In order to obtain the concave-convex tenon shearing force through reading of the strain gauge, a method of material mechanics needs to be introduced, and the realization principle is as follows: for the tenon with the stress similar to the cantilever beam, the tenon is considered to be in accordance with the plane hypothesis and the small deformation hypothesis of the material mechanics, and the stress analysis is carried out on the tenon. Therefore, the step (3) specifically includes:
according to the stress balance, the shearing force at the joint of the tenon and the segment is equal to the integral of the positive stress of the tenon in the z-axis direction on the surface of the tenon:
F＝∫∫σzdA
according to generalized hooke's law:
in the formula: v is the Poisson's ratio of the concrete, E is the elastic modulus of the concrete, sigmazIs the positive stress of the tenon in the z-axis direction, is ∈x，∈y，∈zPositive strain of the tenon in the directions of an x axis, a y axis and a z axis respectively, wherein the x axis is vertical to the front face of the tenon, the y axis is coplanar and vertical to the x axis in a horizontal plane, and the z axis is coplanar and vertical to the x axis in a vertical plane;
respectively calculating the corresponding E of each angle on the surface of the tenon through the reading of each strain gaugex，∈y，∈zSubstituting the calculation result into Hooke's law to obtain the average stress sigma corresponding to each directionz，θAnd further solving the shear stress of the tenon:
in the formula: h is the thickness of the tenon, L is the length of the upper surface of the cuboid structure of the tenon, and R is the radius of the semi-cylinders on the two sides of the tenon.
As shown in fig. 1, the above embodiment is refined, and the arrangement of the strain gauges in step (1) is specifically as follows: a first strain gauge, a second strain gauge, a third strain gauge and a fourth strain gauge which are arranged side by side along the thickness direction of the tenon are embedded in one side of the upper surface of the cuboid structure of the tenon, a eleventh strain gauge, a twelfth strain gauge, a thirteenth strain gauge and a fourteenth strain gauge which are arranged side by side along the thickness direction of the tenon are embedded in the other side of the cuboid structure of the tenon, a fifth strain gauge is embedded in the position of the radius of the arc-shaped surface of the semi-cylinder on one side of the tenon, which is at an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical direction, a sixth strain gauge and a seventh strain gauge are embedded in the position of the radius of 90 degrees with the vertical direction, a tenth strain gauge is embedded in the position of the radius of 45 degrees with the vertical direction on the arc-shaped surface of the semi-cylinder on the other side of the tenon, and an eighth strain gauge and a ninth strain gauge are embedded in the position of the radius of 90 degrees, a fifteenth strain gauge and a sixteenth strain gauge which are horizontally arranged are respectively embedded at the circle center positions of the two semi-cylinders on the two sides of the tenon; and strain gauges symmetrically arranged with the upper part are embedded in the lower part of the tenon, namely a seventeenth strain gauge to a twenty-sixth strain gauge. The strain gauge arrangement mode can measure the strain corresponding to each angle of the tenon, is reasonable in arrangement mode, and has small damage to the tenon and the tenon.
Based on the arrangement mode, the corresponding E-shaped part of each angle on the surface of the tenon is respectively calculated through the reading of each strain gaugex，∈y，∈zThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
from the first to the sixteenth strain gauge if the upper surface of the tenon is stressedRead out as respectively1～ε16；
Wherein exThe following equation is used to obtain:
e corresponding to each angle on the surface of tenony，∈zThe following calculation formula is used to obtain:
wherein, the numbers in the subscript represent the angular difference between the radial direction of the strain point and the clockwise direction of the 12-point direction;
and if the lower surface of the tenon is pressed, replacing the strain data of the upper part of the tenon in the formula with the strain data of the lower part of the tenon symmetrically.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A shear force measuring method for a circular-end-shaped tenon and mortise of a shield tunnel segment is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) pre-burying a plurality of strain gauges at a plurality of angles around the tenon and the middle position of the front face of the tenon, wherein the pre-buried strain gauges at the upper part and the lower part of the tenon are symmetrically arranged up and down, and each strain gauge is connected to a strain gauge through a connecting wire;
(2) after the tenon is pressed, reading and recording the reading of each strain gauge through the strain gauge;
(3) and calculating the shearing force at the joint of the tenon and the segment according to the reading of each strain gauge.
2. The shield tunnel segment round-end tenon-and-mortise shear force measuring method of claim 1, wherein the step (3) specifically comprises:
according to the stress balance, the shearing force at the joint of the tenon and the segment is equal to the integral of the positive stress of the tenon in the z-axis direction on the surface of the tenon:
F＝∫∫σzdA
according to generalized hooke's law:
in the formula: v is the Poisson's ratio of the concrete, E is the elastic modulus of the concrete, sigmazIs the positive stress of the tenon in the z-axis direction, is ∈x，∈y，∈zPositive strain of the tenon in the directions of an x axis, a y axis and a z axis respectively, wherein the x axis is vertical to the front face of the tenon, the y axis is coplanar and vertical to the x axis in a horizontal plane, and the z axis is coplanar and vertical to the x axis in a vertical plane;
respectively calculating the corresponding E of each angle on the surface of the tenon through the reading of each strain gaugex，∈y，∈zSubstituting the calculation result into Hooke's law to obtain the average stress sigma corresponding to each directionz，θAnd further solving the shear stress of the tenon:
in the formula: h is the thickness of the tenon, L is the length of the upper surface of the cuboid structure of the tenon, and R is the radius of the semi-cylinders on the two sides of the tenon.
3. The shield tunnel segment round-end tenon-mortise shear force measurement method of claim 2, wherein the arrangement mode of the strain gauges in the step (1) is as follows: a first strain gauge, a second strain gauge, a third strain gauge and a fourth strain gauge which are arranged side by side along the thickness direction of the tenon are embedded in one side of the upper surface of the cuboid structure of the tenon, a eleventh strain gauge, a twelfth strain gauge, a thirteenth strain gauge and a fourteenth strain gauge which are arranged side by side along the thickness direction of the tenon are embedded in the other side of the cuboid structure of the tenon, a fifth strain gauge is embedded in the position of the radius of the arc-shaped surface of the semi-cylinder on one side of the tenon, which is at an angle of 45 degrees with the vertical direction, a sixth strain gauge and a seventh strain gauge are embedded in the position of the radius of 90 degrees with the vertical direction, a tenth strain gauge is embedded in the position of the radius of 45 degrees with the vertical direction on the arc-shaped surface of the semi-cylinder on the other side of the tenon, and an eighth strain gauge and a ninth strain gauge are embedded in the position of the radius of 90 degrees, a fifteenth strain gauge and a sixteenth strain gauge which are horizontally arranged are respectively embedded at the circle center positions of the two semi-cylinders on the two sides of the tenon; and strain gauges symmetrically arranged with the upper parts are embedded in the lower parts of the tenons.
4. The shield tunnel segment round-end tenon shear force measuring method according to claim 3, wherein the epsilon corresponding to each angle of the tenon surface is respectively calculated through the reading of each strain gaugex，∈y，∈zThe method specifically comprises the following steps:
if the upper surface of the tenon is pressed, the readings from the first strain gauge to the sixteenth strain gauge are respectively epsilon1～ε16；
Wherein exThe following equation is used to obtain:
e corresponding to each angle on the surface of tenony，∈zThe following calculation formula is used to obtain:
wherein, the numbers in the subscript represent the angular difference between the radial direction of the strain point and the clockwise direction of the 12-point direction;
and if the lower surface of the tenon is pressed, replacing the strain data of the upper part of the tenon in the formula with the strain data of the lower part of the tenon symmetrically.
5. The shield tunnel segment round-end tenon-mortise shear force measurement method of claim 1, wherein the specific installation method of the strain gauge in the step (1) is as follows:
a strain gauge hole is formed in the position, where the tenon needs to measure strain, of the tenon;
cleaning and drying the strain gauge holes;
fixing the tenon;
pouring an adhesive into the strain gauge hole, and inserting the strain gauge;
waiting for the adhesive to harden;
connecting wires of the strain gauges to the strain gauges.
6. The shield tunnel segment round-end tenon shear force measurement method of claim 1, wherein the step (1) and the step (2) further comprise:
carrying out tension calibration on each strain gauge;
the temperature characteristics at zero point balance are checked.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113221220A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-06 | 北京城建设计发展集团股份有限公司 | Method for calculating shearing resistance and bearing capacity of grouting type mortise joint of assembled underground structure |
| CN113756781A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-12-07 | 西南交通大学 | Low-cost ground stress test method |
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| CN105890834A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2016-08-24 | 中铁建设投资集团有限公司 | Shield segment connecting screw bolt stress state detection method |
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| CN110321623A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-10-11 | 中交一公局第三工程有限公司 | A kind of duct pieces of shield tunnel faulting of slab ends deformation acquisition methods |
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| CN103790632A (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2014-05-14 | 华中科技大学 | Subway shield tunnel segment structural stress visual warning device and operating method thereof |
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| CN113221220B (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2023-10-27 | 北京城建设计发展集团股份有限公司 | Method for calculating shearing bearing capacity of grouting tongue-and-groove joint of assembled underground structure |
| CN113756781A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-12-07 | 西南交通大学 | Low-cost ground stress test method |
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