CN111286686A - Short-process preparation method of TC4 titanium alloy large-size bar with fine equiaxial structure - Google Patents
Short-process preparation method of TC4 titanium alloy large-size bar with fine equiaxial structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN111286686A CN111286686A CN202010272116.6A CN202010272116A CN111286686A CN 111286686 A CN111286686 A CN 111286686A CN 202010272116 A CN202010272116 A CN 202010272116A CN 111286686 A CN111286686 A CN 111286686A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
- B21J1/025—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough affecting grain orientation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a short-process preparation method of a TC4 titanium alloy thin equiaxial large-size bar, which comprises the following steps: firstly, cogging and forging a TC4 titanium alloy ingot by using a large-tonnage press, and air-cooling to obtain a primary forging stock; secondly, upsetting and drawing the primary forging stock by using a large-tonnage press, and quickly cooling to room temperature to obtain an intermediate forging stock; thirdly, performing primary radial forging on the intermediate forging stock by using a large-tonnage precision forging machine to obtain a finished radial forged bar; and fourthly, carrying out annealing heat treatment on the finished radial forged bar to obtain the large-size TC4 titanium alloy bar with the fine-grained structure. The invention adopts the process of 'hot forging blank by a large-tonnage press and radial forming by a large-tonnage precision forging machine', so that the crystal grains are fully crushed and refined, the crystal grain refining efficiency is improved, the forging heat number is obviously reduced, the preparation flow is shortened, the production cost is reduced, and the yield of the TC4 titanium alloy bar is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy material processing, and particularly relates to a short-process preparation method of a TC4 titanium alloy thin equiaxial large-size bar.
Background
The TC4 titanium alloy has the excellent characteristics of simple components, good machinability, high specific strength, good toughness matching, capability of being used for a long time at 400 ℃, and the like, is a blade for an aircraft engine and a blade for a gas turbine which are most widely applied at present, has an obvious weight reduction effect compared with a steel blade, can obviously improve the power consumption efficiency of an aircraft engine or a gas turbine, improves the energy utilization rate, is used as a high-speed rotating piece, and meets the requirements of structural property consistency, fatigue performance and particularly high cycle fatigue performance of the blade of the TC4 as a high-speed rotating piece, and even though an isometric tissue, particularly a fine isometric tissue has good strong plasticity matching and high cycle fatigue performance of the high-cycle forging of the high-die forging of the blade, the requirements of removing single crystal phase grain size, forging, etc. 10-7, 35638, 7, 3, 5, 3, 5.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a short-flow preparation method of a large-size bar with a fine equiaxial structure of TC4 titanium alloy, aiming at the defects of the prior art. The method adopts a process of 'hot forging blank making by a large-tonnage press machine and radial forming by a large-tonnage precision forging machine', ensures the forging permeability, fully crushes and refines crystal grains, improves the crystal grain refinement efficiency, obviously reduces the forging fire number, shortens the preparation flow, reduces the production cost and improves the yield of the TC4 titanium alloy bar.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a short-process preparation method of a TC4 titanium alloy large-size bar with a fine equiaxial structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, adopting a large-tonnage press to perform cogging forging on a TC4 titanium alloy ingot for 2-3 times under the condition that the initial forging temperature is 1000-1150 ℃, wherein the total forging ratio of each cogging forging is not less than 6.0, the final forging temperature is not less than 900 ℃, and air cooling to obtain a primary forging stock;
step two, adopting a large-tonnage press to forge the primary forging stock obtained in the step one at the initial forging temperature of (T)β-30℃)～(TβUpsetting forging is carried out for 3-5 times at the temperature of-15 ℃, the total forging ratio of upsetting forging for each time is 5.6-10.8, the final forging temperature is not lower than 700 ℃, and the forging stock is quickly cooled to room temperature to obtain an intermediate forging stock; the T isββ phase of TC4 titanium alloyTransition temperature, TβThe unit of (A) is;
step three, adopting a large-tonnage precision forging machine to forge the intermediate forging stock obtained in the step two at the initial forging temperature of (T)β-60℃)～(TβCarrying out radial forging for one time under the condition of minus 30 ℃ to obtain a finished radial forged bar;
and step four, carrying out annealing heat treatment on the finished radial forged bar obtained in the step three to obtain the TC4 titanium alloy bar, wherein the annealing heat treatment specifically comprises the steps of preserving heat of the finished radial forged bar for 1-4 hours at the temperature of 700-800 ℃, and then carrying out air cooling, wherein the cross section diameter of the TC4 titanium alloy bar is 200-300 mm, the length of the TC4 titanium alloy bar is 5000-8000 mm, and the grade of the primary equiaxial α phase grain size in the TC4 titanium alloy bar is not lower than the 8-grade requirement in the GB/T6394-.
According to the invention, the TC4 titanium alloy ingot is subjected to cogging forging by adopting a large-tonnage press, the forging stock suitable for the large-tonnage press has larger weight, and the height-diameter ratio of the forging stock does not exceed 2.5 in order to avoid the occurrence of adverse phenomena such as folding, so that the cogging forging with large deformation amount is carried out by adopting the large-tonnage press, the original β crystal grains in the TC4 titanium alloy ingot structure are efficiently crushed, the TC4 titanium alloy ingot is not required to be cut and blanked while the forging penetration is ensured, the polishing loss is obviously reduced, and the yield and the production efficiency of the TC4 titanium alloy bar are favorably improved.
Then, the invention adopts a large-tonnage press to perform the forging on the primary forging stock near the top of the phase region α - β (T)β-30℃)～(TβThe method comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out near β forging modification and rapid cooling after forging at the temperature of-15 ℃ to obtain an intermediate forging blank, effectively crushing a primary strip α phase through near β forging modification, dynamically recrystallizing and spheroidizing the crushed strip α phase into α balls, wherein due to crushing deformation at the top of a α - β phase region, the α phase content is relatively low, further growth of the recrystallized α balls in the hot processing process is inhibited, the recrystallized α balls are kept as fine isometric α balls, and fine grain structures are favorably formed, and a large number of vacancies are introduced into the intermediate forging blank after rapid cooling after forging to provide energy for static recrystallization in the heating and heat preservation processes of subsequent heat times, so that the crystal grains of the single heat time are obviously improvedIn addition, because the weight of the primary forging stock is larger, the temperature drop in the hot working process is slower, the deformation heat can be effectively compensated, the deformation temperature in the preparation process of the intermediate forging stock is relatively constant or slightly reduced, and the process stability is good, but the cooling speed of the intermediate forging stock is slower, so that the microstructure grows up in the cooling process, and a fine equiaxial structure cannot be obtained, therefore, the growth of the microstructure in the cooling process is effectively inhibited by adopting the rapid cooling after forging, the generation of the fine equiaxial structure is further ensured, and the intermediate forging stock consisting of the fine equiaxial structure, a secondary needle-shaped α phase and a β matrix is obtained by adopting the process of large-tonnage near β forging and rapid cooling after forging.
Finally, the invention adopts a large-tonnage precision forging machine in the middle of the phase region (T) near α - ββ-60℃)～(TβThe method comprises the steps of carrying out one-time radial forging at the temperature of-30 ℃, adopting a large-tonnage precision forging machine to ensure good forging penetration, improving the circumferential processing precision of the bar, and obviously improving the yield and production efficiency, wherein in the one-time radial forging process, needle-shaped secondary α phases in a middle forging blank rapidly grow up to form α -phase lamellar fine sheets with large length-width ratio, crushing and spheroidizing the lamellar fine sheets, and then further spheroidizing and growing the lamellar fine sheets in the cooling process after forging, because the thickness of the α -phase fine sheets is relatively small, the isometric α balls obtained after crushing and spheroidizing the lamellar fine sheets are small in size, the TC4 titanium alloy with fine isometric tissues is obtained, the one-time radial forging process obviously improves the production efficiency, in addition, because the diameter of the finished radial forging bar obtained after one-time radial forging is obviously reduced, the cooling rate after forging is relatively small in the axial α -phase size, the cooling mode after one-time radial forging is not limited, the water cooling cutting is usually adopted to carry out rapid cutting, and the scale of the surface of the bar can be removed by water cooling, the subsequent large-cooling and the scale annealing process is adopted, so that the internal stress of the finished bar is reduced, and the subsequent large-tonnage of the large-diameter-scale forging process is formed by the subsequent one-time radial forging process of the large-forging is reduced.
The short-process preparation method of the TC4 titanium alloy thin equiaxial structure large-size bar is characterized in that in the first step, the TC4 titanium alloy ingot is a cylindrical ingot with the cross-sectional diameter of 640-820 mm. The large-size TC4 titanium alloy ingot is selected, the height-diameter ratio of the TC4 titanium alloy ingot used as a forging stock in the cogging forging process is further reduced, and the cogging forging is smoothly carried out.
The short-process preparation method of the TC4 titanium alloy thin equiaxial structure large-size bar is characterized in that in the cogging forging process in the step one, a TC4 titanium alloy ingot is repeatedly upset and drawn for 2-3 times, and the accumulated deformation of each upset and drawn is not less than 65%. The cogging forging with large deformation is selected, which is beneficial to efficiently refining the crystal grains.
The short-process preparation method of the TC4 titanium alloy large-size bar with the fine equiaxial structure is characterized in that in the upsetting forging process in the step two, the primary forging stock is repeatedly upset and drawn for 3-5 times, and the accumulated deformation of each upset and drawing is 60% -100%. The deformation temperature of upsetting-drawing forging of the primary forging stock is below the phase transformation point, so that the cracking phenomenon is easily caused, the accumulated deformation amount of each upsetting and drawing is controlled, the efficient tissue refining is ensured, the process flow is shortened, the deformation cracking caused by overlarge accumulated deformation amount and the increase of the grinding loss ratio are avoided, and the preparation cost is further reduced.
The short-process preparation method of the TC4 titanium alloy large-size bar with the fine equiaxial structure is characterized in that in the upsetting forging process in the step two, the primary forging stock is repeatedly upset and drawn out, and then is rapidly cooled in a water quenching mode. The optimized cooling mode improves the cooling speed, inhibits the growth of a microstructure after upsetting-drawing forging and is beneficial to obtaining a fine equiaxial structure.
The short-process preparation method of the TC4 titanium alloy thin equiaxial large-size bar is characterized in that in the first step, after each time of cogging forging, surface grinding is carried out on a TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot, and in the second step, after each time of upsetting forging, surface grinding is carried out on a primary forging stock.
The short-process preparation method of the TC4 titanium alloy large-size bar with the fine equiaxial structure is characterized in that the forging ratio of the radial forging at one fire in the third step is 2.4-4.5. This preferred forging has realized the radial forging of a fire of big deflection, has improved the broken and grain refinement efficiency of tissue to improve forging efficiency, be favorable to having realized the radial forging of a fire, and the shaping precision is high.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts the process of 'hot forging blank by a large-tonnage press and radial forming by a large-tonnage precision forging machine', improves the grain refining efficiency, obviously reduces the forging heat number, shortens the preparation flow, reduces the production cost, correspondingly reduces the grinding time while reducing the forging heat number, and improves the yield of the TC4 titanium alloy bar.
2. According to the invention, through near β forging and rapid cooling after forging, the primary strip α phase in the TC4 titanium alloy ingot is effectively crushed, so that the primary strip α phase is converted into fine equiaxial α spheres and forms a fine grain structure, the problem that the primary α phase grows excessively due to too low air cooling rate after large-size blank forging is solved, a large number of vacancies are introduced, energy is provided for static recrystallization in the heating and heat preservation processes of subsequent fire, the grain refining efficiency of a single fire is obviously improved, an intermediate forging blank consisting of a fine equiaxial structure, a needle-shaped secondary α phase and a β matrix is obtained, and a solid foundation is laid for the subsequent preparation of a fine equiaxial bar.
3. The invention adopts a large-tonnage press and a precision forging machine for forging, and performs multi-scale forming on the premise of ensuring the forging penetration, thereby effectively reducing the end cutting amount of the whole TC4 titanium alloy bar, and the radial forging has high circumferential precision, smaller machining amount and further improved production efficiency and yield.
4. The cross section diameter of the TC4 titanium alloy bar prepared by the method is 200-300 mm, the length of the TC4 titanium alloy bar is 5000-8000 mm, the primary isometric α phase grain size rating in the TC4 titanium alloy bar is not lower than the 8-level requirement of the GB/T6394-2017 metal average grain size determination method, and the actual use requirement is met.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microstructure diagram of a TC4 titanium alloy bar prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure diagram of a TC4 titanium alloy bar prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a microstructure diagram of a TC4 titanium alloy bar prepared in example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a microstructure diagram of a TC4 titanium alloy bar prepared in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The large-tonnage presses used in examples 1 to 3 were 4500t presses, and the large-tonnage precision forging machines used were 2000t precision forging machines.
Example 1
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, peeling a cylindrical 8TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot with the specification of phi 720mm multiplied by 550mm (section diameter multiplied by length) to the specification of phi 690mm multiplied by 550mm (section diameter multiplied by length), and then performing cogging forging for 2 times, wherein the initial forging temperature of the 1 st cogging forging is 1150 ℃, the final forging temperature is 930 ℃, the total forging ratio is 8.4, air cooling is performed after forging, the initial forging temperature of the 2 nd cogging forging is 1070 ℃, the final forging temperature is 930 ℃, the total forging ratio is 10.8, air cooling is performed after forging, and surface grinding treatment is performed on the TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot after each cogging forging to obtain a primary forging blank;
step two, the primary forging stock obtained in the step one is forged at the initial forging temperature of (T)βUpsetting forging is carried out for 4 times under the condition of-15 ℃, wherein the total forging ratio of each upsetting forging is 8.0, the final forging temperature is 730 ℃, the surface grinding treatment is carried out on the primary forging stock after each upsetting forging, and the intermediate forging stock with the specification of phi 350mm multiplied by 2130mm (section diameter multiplied by length) is obtained after water cooling to room temperature after forging; the T isβIs the β phase transition temperature, T, of TC4 titanium alloyβThe unit of (A) is;
step three, the intermediate forging obtained in the step twoThe initial forging temperature of the billet is (T)βPerforming one-time radial forging on the steel bar under the condition of minus 30 ℃, wherein the forging ratio is 2.8, and performing air cooling after forging to obtain a finished radial forged bar with the specification of phi 210mm multiplied by 5910mm (section diameter multiplied by length); the T isβIs the β phase transition temperature, T, of TC4 titanium alloyβThe unit of (A) is;
and step four, preserving the temperature of the finished radial forged bar obtained in the step three for 1h at the temperature of 800 ℃ (after air cooling, descaling through machining and saw cutting, and obtaining 5 TC4 titanium alloy bars with the specification of phi 200mm multiplied by 1100mm (section diameter multiplied by length).
Fig. 1 is a microstructure diagram of the TC4 titanium alloy bar prepared in this example, and as can be seen from fig. 1, the TC4 titanium alloy bar prepared in this example has a uniform structure, and the primary isometric α phase grain size rating meets the 8.5-level requirement in the GB/T6394-2017 metal average grain size determination method.
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, peeling a cylindrical TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot with the specification of phi 820mm multiplied by 950mm (section diameter multiplied by length) to phi 790mm multiplied by 550mm (section diameter multiplied by length), and then performing cogging forging for 3 times, wherein the starting forging temperature of the 1 st cogging forging is 1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 940 ℃, the total forging ratio is 6.0, air cooling is performed after forging, the starting forging temperature of the 2 nd cogging forging is 1100 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 920 ℃, the total forging ratio is 9.6, air cooling is performed after forging, the starting forging temperature of the 3 rd cogging forging is 1050 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 920 ℃, the total forging ratio is 10.2, air cooling is performed after forging, and surface grinding treatment is performed on the TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot after each time of cogging forging to obtain a primary forging blank;
step two, the primary forging stock obtained in the step one is forged at the initial forging temperature of (T)βUpsetting forging for 5 times at-30 ℃, wherein the total forging ratio of upsetting forging for each time is 5.6-7.2, the final forging temperature is 720-740 ℃, surface grinding treatment is carried out on the primary forging stock after upsetting forging for each time, and an intermediate forging stock with the specification of phi 410mm multiplied by 2050mm (section diameter multiplied by length) is obtained after water cooling to room temperature after forging; the above-mentionedTβIs the β phase transition temperature, T, of TC4 titanium alloyβThe unit of (A) is;
step three, the intermediate forging stock obtained in the step two is forged at the initial forging temperature of (T)βRadial forging is carried out for one time under the condition of minus 60 ℃, the forging ratio is 2.5, air cooling is carried out after forging, and a finished radial forged bar with the specification of phi 310mm multiplied by 5200mm (section diameter multiplied by length) is obtained; the T isβIs the β phase transition temperature, T, of TC4 titanium alloyβThe unit of (A) is;
and step four, preserving the temperature of the finished radial forged bar obtained in the step three for 4 hours at 700 ℃, then air-cooling, mechanically processing to remove oxide skin, and sawing to obtain 4 TC4 titanium alloy bars with the specification of phi 300mm multiplied by 1150mm (section diameter multiplied by length).
Fig. 2 is a microstructure diagram of the TC4 titanium alloy bar prepared in this example, and as can be seen from fig. 2, the TC4 titanium alloy bar prepared in this example has a uniform structure, and the primary isometric α phase grain size rating meets the requirement of level 8 in the GB/T6394-2017 metal average grain size determination method.
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
step one, peeling a cylindrical TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot with the specification of phi 640mm multiplied by 550mm (section diameter multiplied by length) to phi 609mm multiplied by 550mm (section diameter multiplied by length), and then performing cogging forging for 3 times, wherein the initial forging temperature of the 1 st cogging forging is 1150 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 910 ℃, the total forging ratio is 8.4, air cooling is performed after forging, the initial forging temperature of the 2 nd cogging forging and the 3 rd cogging forging is 1070 ℃, the finish forging temperature is 920 ℃, the total forging ratio is 10.2, air cooling is performed after forging, and surface grinding treatment is performed on the TC4 titanium alloy cast ingot after each time of cogging forging to obtain a primary forging blank;
step two, the primary forging stock obtained in the step one is forged at the initial forging temperature of (T)βUpsetting forging for 3 times at-25 deg.c, wherein the total forging ratio of each upsetting forging is 7.2, the final forging temperature is 710-740 deg.c, and the surface grinding treatment is performed to the primary forging stock after each upsetting forging, and the forging stock is water cooled and water cooledObtaining an intermediate forging stock with the specification of phi 510mm multiplied by 1690mm (section diameter multiplied by length) when the temperature is reduced to room temperature; the T isβIs the β phase transition temperature, T, of TC4 titanium alloyβThe unit of (A) is;
step three, the intermediate forging stock obtained in the step two is forged at the initial forging temperature of (T)βPerforming one-time radial forging on the steel bar under the condition of minus 50 ℃, wherein the forging ratio is 4.5, and performing air cooling after forging to obtain a finished radial forged bar with the specification of phi 240mm multiplied by 7630mm (section diameter multiplied by length); the T isβIs the β phase transition temperature, T, of TC4 titanium alloyβThe unit of (A) is;
and step four, preserving the temperature of the finished radial forged bar obtained in the step three for 2 hours at the temperature of 750 ℃, then air-cooling, removing oxide skin through machining, and sawing to obtain 5 TC4 titanium alloy bars with the specification of phi 230mm multiplied by 1400mm (section diameter multiplied by length).
Fig. 3 is a microstructure diagram of the TC4 titanium alloy bar prepared in this example, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the TC4 titanium alloy bar prepared in this example has a uniform structure, and the primary isometric α phase grain size rating meets the requirement of level 9 in the GB/T6394-2017 metal average grain size determination method.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example comprises the following steps:
step one, peeling cylindrical TC4 titanium alloy ingots with the specification of phi 720mm multiplied by 640mm (section diameter multiplied by length) to the specification of phi 690mm multiplied by 640mm (section diameter multiplied by length), and then performing cogging forging for 4 times, wherein the initial forging temperature of the 1 st cogging forging and the 2 nd cogging forging is 1150 ℃, the final forging temperature is 940 ℃, the total forging ratio is 8.4, air cooling is performed after forging, the initial forging temperature of the 3 rd cogging forging and the 4 th cogging forging is 1050 ℃, the final forging temperature is 910 ℃, the total forging ratio is 8.4, air cooling is performed after forging, and surface grinding treatment is performed on TC4 titanium alloy ingots after each time of cogging forging to obtain primary forging blanks;
step two, the primary forging stock obtained in the step one is forged at the initial forging temperature of (T)βUpset forging at 4 shots at-30 ℃ wherein the total forging ratio per upset forging is 6.0 and endsThe forging temperature is 710 ℃, the surface grinding treatment is carried out on the primary forging stock after each hot upsetting forging, and the intermediate forging stock with the specification of phi 325mm multiplied by 1450mm (section diameter multiplied by length) is obtained after the forging and water cooling to the room temperature; the T isβIs the β phase transition temperature, T, of TC4 titanium alloyβThe unit of (A) is;
step three, the intermediate forging stock obtained in the step two is forged at the initial forging temperature of (T)βCarrying out radial forging twice under the condition of minus 30 ℃, wherein the forging ratio is 2.4, and carrying out air cooling after forging to obtain a finished radial forged bar with the specification of phi 220mm multiplied by 3160mm (section diameter multiplied by length); the T isβIs the β phase transition temperature, T, of TC4 titanium alloyβThe unit of (A) is;
and step four, preserving the temperature of the finished radial forged bar obtained in the step three for 2 hours at the temperature of 750 ℃, then air-cooling, removing oxide skin through machining, and sawing to obtain 2 TC4 titanium alloy bars with the specification of phi 200mm multiplied by 1100mm (section diameter multiplied by length).
Fig. 4 is a microstructure diagram of a TC4 titanium alloy bar prepared by the comparative example, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the TC4 titanium alloy bar prepared by the present example has a uniform structure, and the primary equiaxial α phase grain size rating meets the requirement of level 9 in the GB/T6394-2017 metal average grain size determination method.
The room temperature mechanical properties of the TC4 titanium alloy bars prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and comparative example 1 were measured, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical properties at room temperature of TC4 titanium alloy bars prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1
As can be seen from table 1, the room temperature mechanical properties of the TC4 titanium alloy bars prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 of the present invention all satisfy the requirements of the technical specifications, and the room temperature mechanical properties of the TC4 titanium alloy bars prepared in examples 1 to 3 are slightly better than that of comparative example 1. meanwhile, when comparing example 1 with comparative example 1 adopting the existing preparation process, the total forging number of fire is 10 in comparative example 1, the radial turning amount of the finished TC4 titanium alloy bar is about 17%, the end cutting amount is about 11.4% of the total length, while the total forging number of fire is 7 in example 1, the radial turning amount of the finished TC4 titanium alloy bar is about 9.3%, and the end cutting amount is about 5% of the total length, as compared with the comparative example 1, the machining yield of the turned and end sawed TC4 titanium alloy bar prepared in example 1 is improved by about 14.1% as compared with the comparative example 1, the production cost is reduced by about 30 yuan/kg, the forging number of fire is reduced by 3, the production cost is reduced by about 12 yuan, and the average grain size of the TC 3994 of the prepared by the TC 391 and the room temperature mechanical properties of the prepared by the comparative example 1 and the equivalent of the method of the equivalent processes of the large-grade TC 397 alloy bar prepared by the equivalent-grade method, which satisfies the equivalent-grade TC alloy bar prepared by equivalent mechanical property of the equivalent method, and the equivalent-.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A short-process preparation method of a TC4 titanium alloy large-size bar with a fine equiaxial structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, adopting a large-tonnage press to perform cogging forging on a TC4 titanium alloy ingot for 2-3 times under the condition that the initial forging temperature is 1000-1150 ℃, wherein the total forging ratio of each cogging forging is not less than 6.0, the final forging temperature is not less than 900 ℃, and air cooling to obtain a primary forging stock;
step two, adopting a large-tonnage press to forge the primary forging stock obtained in the step one at the initial forging temperature of (T)β-30℃)～(TβUpsetting forging is carried out for 3-5 times at the temperature of-15 ℃, the total forging ratio of upsetting forging for each time is 5.6-10.8, the final forging temperature is not lower than 700 ℃, and the forging stock is quickly cooled to room temperature to obtain an intermediate forging stock; the T isβIs the β phase transition temperature, T, of TC4 titanium alloyβIs not only a sheetThe position is as follows;
step three, adopting a large-tonnage precision forging machine to forge the intermediate forging stock obtained in the step two at the initial forging temperature of (T)β-60℃)～(TβCarrying out radial forging for one time under the condition of minus 30 ℃ to obtain a finished radial forged bar;
and step four, carrying out annealing heat treatment on the finished radial forged bar obtained in the step three to obtain the TC4 titanium alloy bar, wherein the annealing heat treatment specifically comprises the steps of preserving heat of the finished radial forged bar for 1-4 hours at the temperature of 700-800 ℃, and then carrying out air cooling, wherein the cross section diameter of the TC4 titanium alloy bar is 200-300 mm, the length of the TC4 titanium alloy bar is 5000-8000 mm, and the grade of the primary equiaxial α phase grain size in the TC4 titanium alloy bar is not lower than the 8-grade requirement in the GB/T6394-.
2. The short-process preparation method of the TC4 titanium alloy large-size bar with the fine equiaxial structure according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the TC4 titanium alloy ingot is a cylindrical ingot with the cross-sectional diameter of 640-820 mm.
3. The short-process preparation method of the TC4 titanium alloy large-size bar with the fine equiaxial structure according to claim 1, wherein in the cogging forging process in the step one, the TC4 titanium alloy ingot is repeatedly upset and drawn for 2-3 times, and the accumulated deformation of each upset and drawn is not less than 65%.
4. The short-process preparation method of the TC4 titanium alloy large-size bar with the fine equiaxial structure according to claim 1, wherein in the upsetting forging process in the step two, the primary forging stock is repeatedly upset and drawn for 3-5 times, and the accumulated deformation of each upset and drawing is 60-100%.
5. The short-process preparation method of the TC4 titanium alloy large-size bar with the fine equiaxial structure according to claim 1, wherein in the upsetting forging process in the step two, the primary forging stock is repeatedly upset and drawn out, and then is rapidly cooled by means of water quenching.
6. The method for preparing the large-size bar with the TC4 titanium alloy fine equiaxial structure in the short process according to claim 1, wherein the surface grinding treatment is carried out on the TC4 titanium alloy ingot after each time of the cogging forging in the step one, and the surface grinding treatment is carried out on the primary forging stock after each time of the upsetting forging in the step two.
7. The short-process preparation method of the TC4 titanium alloy large-size bar with the fine equiaxial structure according to claim 1, wherein the forging ratio of the first-fire radial forging in the third step is 2.4-4.5.
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