CN111284586A - An electronic parking control module for an automatic parking system of an electric assisted vehicle - Google Patents
An electronic parking control module for an automatic parking system of an electric assisted vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62H—CYCLE STANDS; SUPPORTS OR HOLDERS FOR PARKING OR STORING CYCLES; APPLIANCES PREVENTING OR INDICATING UNAUTHORIZED USE OR THEFT OF CYCLES; LOCKS INTEGRAL WITH CYCLES; DEVICES FOR LEARNING TO RIDE CYCLES
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- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M6/00—Rider propulsion of wheeled vehicles with additional source of power, e.g. combustion engine or electric motor
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电动助力车自动驻车系统的电子驻车控制模块,包括有控制电路板和载荷传感器,控制电路板上设置有单片机最小系统、车速检测电路、负载检测电路和逻辑控制电路,单片机最小系统通过逻辑控制电路驱动驻车电机使得与驻车电机连接的驻车支撑架撑起或回收,载荷传感器为设置于驻车电机与驻车支撑架连接销轴上的轴销式载荷传感器。本发明用于实现对电动助力车的自动驻车进行控制,从而可以改变目前的两轮电动车依赖人工驻车造成的费力状况,实现自动驻车及相关的防误撑起、防过载等功能。
The invention discloses an electronic parking control module of an automatic parking system of an electric assist vehicle, comprising a control circuit board and a load sensor. The control circuit board is provided with a single chip minimum system, a vehicle speed detection circuit, a load detection circuit and a logic control circuit. The minimum system of the single-chip microcomputer drives the parking motor through the logic control circuit to support or recover the parking support frame connected to the parking motor. The load sensor is a shaft pin type load sensor arranged on the connecting pin of the parking motor and the parking support frame. . The present invention is used to control the automatic parking of the electric assisted vehicle, thereby changing the laborious situation caused by the current two-wheeled electric vehicle relying on manual parking, and realizing automatic parking and related functions of preventing false lift and overloading.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及驻车系统技术领域,具体是一种电动助力车自动驻车系统的电子驻车控制模块。The invention relates to the technical field of parking systems, in particular to an electronic parking control module of an automatic parking system of an electric power-assisted vehicle.
背景技术Background technique
目前,两轮电动助力车使用极其广泛,由于其环保节能及易存放等特点已经成为人们短距离出行的一种重要交通工具。但目前在用的两轮电动车的驻车仍多数采用人工方式,由于需要支撑包括车载电瓶等在内的较重车身,人工驻车显得非常费力。如果能够通过自动控制的方式实现两轮电动助力车的自动驻车,从而可以大大改变人工驻车的低效和费力等弊端。At present, two-wheeled electric bicycles are widely used, and they have become an important means of transportation for people to travel for short distances due to their environmental protection, energy saving and easy storage characteristics. However, most of the two-wheeled electric vehicles currently in use still use manual parking. Due to the need to support the heavier body including the vehicle battery, manual parking is very laborious. If the automatic parking of two-wheeled electric bicycles can be realized by automatic control, the disadvantages of manual parking such as inefficiency and labor can be greatly changed.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种电动助力车自动驻车系统的电子驻车控制模块,用于对驻车系统的自动驻车控制,同时具有防误撑起、防过载等功能。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electronic parking control module of an automatic parking system of an electric power-assisted vehicle, which is used for automatic parking control of the parking system, and has functions of preventing false prop up and preventing overload.
本发明的技术方案为:The technical scheme of the present invention is:
一种电动助力车自动驻车系统的电子驻车控制模块,包括有控制电路板和载荷传感器,所述的控制电路板上设置有单片机最小系统、车速检测电路、负载检测电路和逻辑控制电路,所述的单片机最小系统通过逻辑控制电路驱动驻车电机使得与驻车电机连接的驻车支撑架撑起或回收,所述的载荷传感器为设置于驻车电机与驻车支撑架连接销轴上的轴销式载荷传感器,所述的载荷传感器与负载检测电路的负载采集端连接,负载检测电路的输出端与单片机最小系统的载荷采集引脚连接;An electronic parking control module of an automatic parking system of an electric power-assisted vehicle includes a control circuit board and a load sensor, wherein the control circuit board is provided with a single-chip minimum system, a vehicle speed detection circuit, a load detection circuit and a logic control circuit. The minimum system of the single-chip microcomputer drives the parking motor through the logic control circuit to support or recover the parking support frame connected with the parking motor, and the load sensor is provided on the connecting pin shaft of the parking motor and the parking support frame. A shaft pin type load sensor, the load sensor is connected with the load acquisition terminal of the load detection circuit, and the output terminal of the load detection circuit is connected with the load acquisition pin of the minimum system of the single-chip microcomputer;
所述的车速检测电路的车速采集端接入到电动助力车行驶电动机相线上采用相线测速,车速检测电路的输出端与单片机最小系统的负载采集引脚连接;The vehicle speed acquisition end of the vehicle speed detection circuit is connected to the phase line of the electric motor for driving the electric bicycle, and the phase line speed measurement is adopted, and the output end of the vehicle speed detection circuit is connected with the load acquisition pin of the minimum system of the single-chip microcomputer;
所述的逻辑控制电路包括有电门锁信号输入电路、防盗信号输入电路、上电启动电路和电机正反转继电器控制电路;所述的电门锁信号输入电路的输入端与电门锁和启动开关插接件P3的DianMS引脚连接,所述的电门锁信号输入电路的输出端与单片机最小系统的电门锁信号采集引脚连接;所述的防盗信号输入电路的输入端与防盗信号和速度采集插接件P4的FangDao引脚连接,所述的防盗信号输入电路的输出端与单片机最小系统的防盗信号采集引脚连接;所述的上电启动电路的输入端与电门锁和启动开关插接件P3的QiDong引脚连接,所述的上电启动电路的输出端与电机正反转继电器控制电路的启动控制端连接,所述的电机正反转继电器控制电路的电源输入端与车载电瓶连接,电机正反转继电器控制电路的电源输出端分别与电机正反转继电器的常开触点连接,电机正反转继电器的常闭触点与MOS管Q1的集电极连接,电机正反转继电器的控制端分别与电机的正反转控制端对应连接,MOS管Q1的源极通过MOS管专用驱动芯片与单片机最小系统的电机控制引脚连接,MOS管Q1的栅极接地。The logic control circuit includes an electric door lock signal input circuit, an anti-theft signal input circuit, a power-on start circuit and a motor forward and reverse relay control circuit; the input end of the electric door lock signal input circuit is connected to the electric door lock and The DianMS pin of the start switch connector P3 is connected, the output end of the electric door lock signal input circuit is connected with the electric door lock signal acquisition pin of the minimum system of the single-chip microcomputer; the input end of the anti-theft signal input circuit is connected to the anti-theft signal input circuit. The FangDao pin of the signal and speed acquisition connector P4 is connected, the output end of the anti-theft signal input circuit is connected with the anti-theft signal acquisition pin of the minimum system of the single-chip microcomputer; the input end of the power-on start circuit is connected to the electric door lock Connect with the QiDong pin of the start switch connector P3, the output end of the power-on start circuit is connected with the start control end of the motor forward and reverse relay control circuit, and the power input of the motor forward and reverse relay control circuit The terminal is connected to the vehicle battery, the power output terminal of the motor forward and reverse relay control circuit is connected to the normally open contact of the motor forward and reverse relay, and the normally closed contact of the motor forward and reverse relay is connected to the collector of the MOS transistor Q1. The control terminals of the motor forward and reverse relay are respectively connected with the forward and reverse control terminals of the motor. The source of the MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the motor control pin of the minimum system of the single-chip microcomputer through the MOS transistor dedicated driver chip, and the gate of the MOS transistor Q1 is grounded. .
所述的控制电路板上设置有系统电源电路,所述的系统电源电路包括有PFM型降压DC-DC电压变换器U2、输入端与PFM型降压DC-DC电压变换器U2连接的变压器T1,输入端与变压器T1的输出端连接的三端稳压芯片U1,所述的PFM型降压DC-DC电压变换器U2的输入端与车载电瓶连接,所述的变压器T1输出端输出12V电源,三端稳压芯片U1的输出端输出5V电源VCC,所述的5V电源VCC与单片机最小系统的VCC引脚连接。The control circuit board is provided with a system power supply circuit, and the system power supply circuit includes a PFM type step-down DC-DC voltage converter U2 and a transformer whose input end is connected to the PFM type step-down DC-DC voltage converter U2 T1, a three-terminal voltage regulator chip U1 whose input end is connected to the output end of the transformer T1, the input end of the PFM type step-down DC-DC voltage converter U2 is connected to the vehicle battery, and the output end of the
所述的车速检测电路包括有二极管D7、电阻R29、瞬态抑制二极管Z11、电容C16和电阻R32,电机速度和防盗信号插接件P4用于电动助力车行驶电机相线信号输出的Speed引脚与车速检测电路的车速采集端即二极管D7的正极连接,电阻R29的一端、瞬态抑制二极管Z11的负极均与二极管D7的负极连接,电阻R29的另一端、电容C16的一端和电阻R32的一端相互连接作为车速检测电路的输出端,所述的瞬态抑制二极管Z11的正极、电容C16的另一端和电阻R32的另一端均接地。The vehicle speed detection circuit includes a diode D7, a resistor R29, a transient suppression diode Z11, a capacitor C16 and a resistor R32. The motor speed and the anti-theft signal connector P4 are used for the Speed pin of the phase line signal output of the electric bicycle driving motor. The vehicle speed collection terminal of the vehicle speed detection circuit is connected to the anode of diode D7, one end of resistor R29 and the cathode of transient suppression diode Z11 are connected to the cathode of diode D7, the other end of resistor R29, one end of capacitor C16 and one end of resistor R32 are connected to each other. Connected as the output end of the vehicle speed detection circuit, the anode of the transient suppression diode Z11, the other end of the capacitor C16 and the other end of the resistor R32 are all grounded.
所述的负载检测电路包括有载荷传感器插接件P7、运算放大器U5A、电阻R30、电阻R33、电阻R28、电阻R34、电容C15、电容C18、电阻R31和电容C17,所述的电阻R30的一端与载荷传感器插接件P7的差分信号SIG-端口连接,电阻R30的另一端与运算放大器U5A的反相输入端连接,且电阻R30的另一端通过电容C15接地,电阻R33的一端与载荷传感器插接件P7的差分信号SIG+端口连接,电阻R33的另一端与运算放大器U5A的同相输入端连接,电阻R33的另一端通过电容C18接地,电阻R28连接于运算放大器U5A的反相输入端和输出端之间,电阻R34的一端与运算放大器U5A的同相输入端连接,电阻R34的另一端接地,电阻R31的一端与运算放大器U5A的输出端连接,电阻R31的另一端和电容C17的一端相互连接作为负载检测电路的输出端,电容C17的另一端接地。The load detection circuit includes a load sensor connector P7, an operational amplifier U5A, a resistor R30, a resistor R33, a resistor R28, a resistor R34, a capacitor C15, a capacitor C18, a resistor R31 and a capacitor C17. One end of the resistor R30 It is connected to the differential signal SIG- port of the load sensor connector P7, the other end of the resistor R30 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U5A, and the other end of the resistor R30 is grounded through the capacitor C15, and one end of the resistor R33 is connected to the load sensor plug. The differential signal SIG+ port of the connector P7 is connected, the other end of the resistor R33 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U5A, the other end of the resistor R33 is grounded through the capacitor C18, and the resistor R28 is connected to the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier U5A One end of the resistor R34 is connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier U5A, the other end of the resistor R34 is grounded, one end of the resistor R31 is connected to the output end of the operational amplifier U5A, and the other end of the resistor R31 and one end of the capacitor C17 are connected to each other as For the output end of the load detection circuit, the other end of the capacitor C17 is grounded.
所述的电门锁信号输入电路包括有电阻R6、电阻R8、电容C8、瞬态抑制二极管Z3,所述的电阻R6的一端作为电门锁信号输入电路的输入端与电门锁和启动开关插接件P3的DianMS引脚连接,所述的电阻R6的另一端、电阻R8的一端、电容C8的一端、瞬态抑制二极管Z3的负极相互连接作为电门锁信号输入电路的输出端与单片机最小系统的电门锁信号采集引脚DMS连接。The electric door lock signal input circuit includes a resistor R6, a resistor R8, a capacitor C8, and a transient suppression diode Z3. One end of the resistor R6 is used as the input end of the electric door lock signal input circuit and the electric door lock and the start switch. The DianMS pin of the connector P3 is connected, and the other end of the resistor R6, one end of the resistor R8, one end of the capacitor C8, and the negative electrode of the transient suppression diode Z3 are connected to each other as the output end of the electric door lock signal input circuit and the microcontroller The electric door lock signal acquisition pin of the minimum system is connected to DMS.
所述的防盗信号输入电路包括有二极管D4、电阻R7、瞬态抑制二极管Z4和电容C9,二极管D4的正极作为防盗信号输入电路的输入端与防盗信号和速度采集插接件P4的FangDao引脚连接,电阻R7的一端与二极管D4的负极连接,电阻R7的另一端、瞬态抑制二极管Z4的负极和电容C9的一端相互连接作为防盗信号输入电路的输出端与单片机最小系统的防盗信号采集引脚FD连接,瞬态抑制二极管Z4的正极和电容C9的另一端均接地。The anti-theft signal input circuit includes a diode D4, a resistor R7, a transient suppression diode Z4 and a capacitor C9. The anode of the diode D4 is used as the input terminal of the anti-theft signal input circuit and the FangDao pin of the anti-theft signal and speed acquisition connector P4. Connection, one end of the resistor R7 is connected to the negative electrode of the diode D4, the other end of the resistor R7, the negative electrode of the transient suppression diode Z4 and one end of the capacitor C9 are connected to each other as the output end of the anti-theft signal input circuit and the anti-theft signal acquisition lead of the minimum system of the microcontroller. The pin FD is connected, and the anode of the transient suppression diode Z4 and the other end of the capacitor C9 are both grounded.
所述的上电启动电路包括有二极管D6、电阻R16和电阻R17,二极管D6的负极作为上电启动电路的输入端与电门锁和启动开关插接件P3的QiDong引脚连接,电阻R16的一端、电阻R17的一端相互连接与电机正反转继电器控制电路的启动控制端连接,二极管D6的正极与电阻R16另一端连接,电阻R17的另一端与车载电瓶连接。The power-on start-up circuit includes a diode D6, a resistor R16 and a resistor R17. The cathode of the diode D6 is used as the input end of the power-on start-up circuit to connect with the QiDong pin of the electric door lock and the start switch connector P3, and the resistance of the resistor R16 One end and one end of the resistor R17 are connected to each other and the start control end of the motor forward and reverse relay control circuit, the anode of the diode D6 is connected to the other end of the resistor R16, and the other end of the resistor R17 is connected to the vehicle battery.
所述的电机正反转继电器控制电路包括有MOS管专用驱动芯片U3、N沟道MOS管Q1、PNP型三极管Q2、电机反转继电器J1和电机正转继电器J2,所述的PNP型三极管Q2的基极作为电机正反转继电器控制电路的启动控制端,所述的电机反转继电器J1的常开触点和电机正转继电器J2的常开触点均与PNP型三极管Q2的集电极即正反转继电器控制电路的电源输出端连接,所述的PNP型三极管Q2的发射极作为电机正反转继电器控制电路的电源输入端与车载电瓶的正极连接,所述的电机反转继电器J1的常闭触点、电机正转继电器J2的常闭触点均与N沟道MOS管Q1的集电极连接,电机反转继电器J1的控制端与驻车电机正反转控制信号插接件P1的反转控制端Motor-连接,电机反转继电器J2的控制端与驻车电机正反转控制信号插接件P1的正转控制端Motor+连接,N沟道MOS管Q1的源极通过MOS管专用驱动芯片U3与单片机最小系统的电机控制引脚DR2连接,MOS管Q1的栅极通过电阻R10接地。The motor forward and reverse relay control circuit includes a dedicated drive chip U3 for MOS transistors, an N-channel MOS transistor Q1, a PNP type triode Q2, a motor reversal relay J1 and a motor forward rotation relay J2. The PNP type triode Q2 The base of the motor is used as the start control terminal of the motor forward and reverse relay control circuit. The normally open contact of the motor reverse relay J1 and the normally open contact of the motor forward rotation relay J2 are both connected with the collector of the PNP transistor Q2. The power output terminal of the forward and reverse relay control circuit is connected, and the emitter of the PNP type triode Q2 is used as the power input terminal of the motor forward and reverse relay control circuit to be connected to the positive pole of the vehicle battery. The normally closed contact and the normally closed contact of the motor forward rotation relay J2 are all connected to the collector of the N-channel MOS transistor Q1, and the control end of the motor reverse relay J1 is connected to the parking motor forward and reverse rotation control signal connector P1. The reverse control terminal Motor- is connected, the control terminal of the motor reverse relay J2 is connected to the forward rotation control terminal Motor+ of the forward and reverse rotation control signal connector P1 of the parking motor, and the source of the N-channel MOS transistor Q1 is dedicated to the MOS transistor. The drive chip U3 is connected to the motor control pin DR2 of the minimum system of the single-chip microcomputer, and the gate of the MOS transistor Q1 is grounded through the resistor R10.
所述的逻辑控制电路还包括有驻车电机工作状态采集电路,所述的驻车电机工作状态采集电路包括有电阻R9、电阻R12、电容C10和瞬态抑制二极管Z5,电阻R9的一端、电阻R12的一端均与MOS管Q1的栅极连接,电阻R12的另一端、电容C10的一端、瞬态抑制二极管Z5的负极相互连接后与单片机最小系统的电机状态采集引脚Motor_Det连接,电阻R9的另一端、电容C10的另一端和瞬态抑制二极管Z5的正极均接地。The logic control circuit also includes a parking motor working state acquisition circuit, the parking motor working state acquisition circuit includes a resistor R9, a resistor R12, a capacitor C10 and a transient suppression diode Z5, one end of the resistor R9, a resistor One end of R12 is connected to the gate of MOS transistor Q1, the other end of resistor R12, one end of capacitor C10, and the negative electrode of transient suppression diode Z5 are connected to each other and then connected to the motor state acquisition pin Motor_Det of the minimum system of the microcontroller. The other end, the other end of the capacitor C10 and the anode of the TVS diode Z5 are all grounded.
本发明的优点:Advantages of the present invention:
本发明采用高集成度高性能的单片机最小系统为核心,通过驱动驻车机构中用于驱动驻车支撑架支撑或收回的电机实现对电动车驻车机构支撑脚的撑起和收回,从而可以实现对电动车的自动驻车。本发明通过载荷传感器采集负载信号,并对负载信号进行采集处理获取电动助力车的实时载荷,实现过载保护功能,从而极大地提升了两轮电动助力车的使用便利性及安全性。通过对电动车行驶电机的驱动信号进行采集,辨别电动车的实时车速情况,可防止在行驶期间造成的支撑架误撑起造成的伤害发生。The invention adopts the minimum system of single-chip microcomputer with high integration and high performance as the core, and realizes the supporting and retracting of the supporting feet of the parking mechanism of the electric vehicle by driving the motor in the parking mechanism for driving the supporting or retracting of the parking support frame, so that it can be Realize automatic parking of electric vehicles. The present invention collects the load signal through the load sensor, and collects and processes the load signal to obtain the real-time load of the electric assist vehicle, thereby realizing the overload protection function, thereby greatly improving the convenience and safety of the two-wheeled electric assist vehicle. By collecting the driving signal of the driving motor of the electric vehicle, the real-time speed of the electric vehicle can be identified, which can prevent the occurrence of injuries caused by the incorrect support of the support frame during driving.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的安装结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the present invention.
图2是本发明的控制原理图。Fig. 2 is a control principle diagram of the present invention.
图3是本发明系统电源电路的电路图。FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the power supply circuit of the system of the present invention.
图4是本发明单片机最小系统的引脚接线图。Fig. 4 is the pin wiring diagram of the minimum system of the single-chip microcomputer of the present invention.
图5是本发明车速检测电路的电路图。FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the vehicle speed detection circuit of the present invention.
图6是本发明负载检测电路的电路图。FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the load detection circuit of the present invention.
图7是本发明逻辑控制电路的电路图。FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of the logic control circuit of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
见图1,一种电动助力车自动驻车系统的电子驻车控制模块,包括有控制电路板1和载荷传感器2,控制电路板1上设置有单片机最小系统U4(见图4)、车速检测电路、负载检测电路和逻辑控制电路,单片机最小系统U4通过逻辑控制电路驱动驻车电机3使得与驻车电机3连接的驻车支撑架4撑起或回收,载荷传感器2为设置于驻车电机3与驻车支撑架4连接销轴上的轴销式载荷传感器。As shown in Figure 1, an electronic parking control module of an automatic parking system of an electric assisted vehicle includes a
见图2,当关闭电门锁后,电动助力车驾驶人员按启动开关后,电子驻车控制模块驱动驻车电机3正向运转,使得驻车支撑架4开始撑起,然后由载荷传感器2检测支撑时的实际负载,当负载正常时,驻车支撑架4支撑到位,实现自动驻车;当驻车支撑架4在撑起的过程中,载荷传感器2检测到超载,则驻车支撑架4收回,直至超载解除后,才可以正常驻车。同时,当需要启动电动助力车时,开启电门锁,再按下启动开关后,由该电子驻车控制模块实现对驻车电机3的反向驱动,使得驻车支撑架4收回。As shown in Figure 2, when the electric door lock is turned off and the electric bicycle driver presses the start switch, the electronic parking control module drives the
见图3,控制电路板1上设置有系统电源电路,系统电源电路包括有PFM型降压DC-DC电压变换器U2、输入端与PFM型降压DC-DC电压变换器U2连接的变压器T1,输入端与变压器T1的输出端连接的三端稳压芯片U1,PFM型降压DC-DC电压变换器U2的输入端与车载电瓶的输出电压V+连接,变压器T1输出端输出12V电源,三端稳压芯片U1的输出端输出5V电源VCC,5V电源VCC与单片机最小系统U4的VCC引脚连接。两轮电动助力车的车载电瓶电压v+范围较大,一般在直流几十伏范围内变化,需要将其调压为系统所需要的电源。U2为一款原边控制,用于反激式开关电源的恒流恒压可选的PFM型降压DC-DC电压变换器,其内部集成了功率开关,能忽略线性光耦的反馈电路,可实现低静态功耗、低噪声等性能,且转换效率高。首先由PFM型降压DC-DC电压变换器U2激励变压器T1并通过整流得到12V的直流电源,再通过三端稳压芯片U1获得较为稳定的5V电源VCC。As shown in Figure 3, the
见图4,单片机最小系统U4其内部集成了多路12bit的逐次逼近型ADC,可作为载荷检测信号(ZaiHe_Det)、车载电瓶电压检测信号(BAR_V_Det)、转速检测信号(ZhuanS_Det)等的模数转换,同时其内部集成了稳定性较高的RC高频振荡电路,上电复位电路等,并可通过其串口控制器实现在系统编程(ISP),图中的P6为其ISP接口。As shown in Figure 4, the minimum system U4 of the single-chip microcomputer integrates multiple 12-bit successive approximation ADCs, which can be used as the analog-to-digital conversion of the load detection signal (ZaiHe_Det), the vehicle battery voltage detection signal (BAR_V_Det), the rotational speed detection signal (ZhuanS_Det), etc. At the same time, it integrates RC high-frequency oscillation circuit with high stability, power-on reset circuit, etc., and can realize in-system programming (ISP) through its serial port controller. P6 in the figure is the ISP interface.
逻辑控制电路包括有电门锁信号输入电路、防盗信号输入电路、上电启动电路、电机正反转继电器控制电路和驻车电机工作状态采集电路。The logic control circuit includes an electric door lock signal input circuit, an anti-theft signal input circuit, a power-on start circuit, a motor forward and reverse relay control circuit and a parking motor working state acquisition circuit.
见图4和图5,车速检测电路包括有二极管D7、电阻R29、瞬态抑制二极管Z11、电容C16和电阻R32,电机速度和防盗信号插接件P4(见图7)用于电动助力车行驶电机相线信号输出的Speed引脚与车速检测电路的车速采集端即二极管D7的正极连接,电阻R29的一端、瞬态抑制二极管Z11的负极均与二极管D7的负极连接,电阻R29的另一端、电容C16的一端和电阻R32的一端相互连接作为车速检测电路的输出端与单片机最小系统U4的负载采集引脚(引脚20)连接,瞬态抑制二极管Z11的正极、电容C16的另一端和电阻R32的另一端均接地。为防止在电动助力车行驶过程中的驻车误操作,需要对电动助力车的实际行驶速度进行检测,具体方法为从电动助力车行驶电动机的相线取信号(Speed),由于行驶电动机在行驶过程中属于PWM信号,对该信号进行一阶RC低通滤波后并适当分压得到直流信号(ZhuanS_Det)送到单片机最小系统U4的ADC2(引脚20)进行模数转换,以实现对电动助力车的车速检测。See Figure 4 and Figure 5, the vehicle speed detection circuit includes diode D7, resistor R29, transient suppression diode Z11, capacitor C16 and resistor R32, the motor speed and anti-theft signal connector P4 (see Figure 7) is used for electric bicycle driving motor The Speed pin output by the phase line signal is connected to the vehicle speed collection terminal of the vehicle speed detection circuit, that is, the anode of the diode D7. One end of the resistor R29 and the cathode of the transient suppression diode Z11 are connected to the cathode of the diode D7. The other end of the resistor R29, the capacitor One end of C16 and one end of resistor R32 are connected to each other as the output end of the vehicle speed detection circuit and connected to the load acquisition pin (pin 20) of the minimum system U4 of the microcontroller, the positive electrode of the transient suppression diode Z11, the other end of the capacitor C16 and the resistor R32 The other ends are grounded. In order to prevent the misoperation of parking during the driving process of the electric bicycle, it is necessary to detect the actual driving speed of the electric bicycle. PWM signal, perform first-order RC low-pass filtering on the signal and divide it properly to obtain a DC signal (ZhuanS_Det), which is sent to ADC2 (pin 20) of the minimum system U4 of the single-chip microcomputer for analog-to-digital conversion, so as to realize the speed detection of electric bicycles .
见图4和图6,负载检测电路包括有载荷传感器插接件P7、运算放大器U5A、电阻R30、电阻R33、电阻R28、电阻R34、电容C15、电容C18、电阻R31和电容C17,电阻R30的一端与载荷传感器插接件P7的差分信号SIG-端口连接,电阻R30的另一端与运算放大器U5A的反相输入端连接,且电阻R30的另一端通过电容C15接地,电阻R33的一端与载荷传感器插接件P7的差分信号SIG+端口连接,电阻R33的另一端与运算放大器U5A的同相输入端连接,电阻R33的另一端通过电容C18接地,电阻R28连接于运算放大器U5A的反相输入端和输出端之间,电阻R34的一端与运算放大器U5A的同相输入端连接,电阻R34的另一端接地,电阻R31的一端与运算放大器U5A的输出端连接,电阻R31的另一端和电容C17的一端相互连接作为负载检测电路的输出端与单片机最小系统U4的载荷采集引脚(引脚2)连接,电容C17的另一端接地。载荷传感器插接件P7的输出为毫伏级的差动电压信号,需要对其进行放大后才能由单片机最小系统U4内部的ADC进行模数转换,由轨到轨运放运算放大器U5A、电阻R30、电阻R33、电阻R28、电阻R34等组成的差动比例放大电路实现对载荷传感器2输出信号的放大,然后接入到单片机最小系统U4的ADC0通道,以实现对驻车支撑架4撑起过程中的负载检测。4 and 6, the load detection circuit includes a load sensor connector P7, an operational amplifier U5A, a resistor R30, a resistor R33, a resistor R28, a resistor R34, a capacitor C15, a capacitor C18, a resistor R31, and a capacitor C17. One end is connected to the differential signal SIG- port of the load sensor connector P7, the other end of the resistor R30 is connected to the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U5A, the other end of the resistor R30 is grounded through the capacitor C15, and one end of the resistor R33 is connected to the load sensor The differential signal SIG+ port of the connector P7 is connected, the other end of the resistor R33 is connected to the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U5A, the other end of the resistor R33 is connected to the ground through the capacitor C18, and the resistor R28 is connected to the inverting input end and output of the operational amplifier U5A Between the terminals, one end of the resistor R34 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U5A, the other end of the resistor R34 is grounded, one end of the resistor R31 is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U5A, and the other end of the resistor R31 is connected to one end of the capacitor C17. As the output end of the load detection circuit, it is connected to the load acquisition pin (pin 2) of the minimum system U4 of the single-chip microcomputer, and the other end of the capacitor C17 is grounded. The output of the load sensor connector P7 is a differential voltage signal of millivolt level, which needs to be amplified before analog-to-digital conversion by the ADC inside the minimum system U4 of the single-chip microcomputer. The rail-to-rail operational amplifier U5A, resistor R30 The differential proportional amplifier circuit composed of resistor R33, resistor R28, resistor R34, etc. realizes the amplification of the output signal of the
见图4和图7,电门锁信号输入电路包括有电阻R6、电阻R8、电容C8、瞬态抑制二极管Z3,电阻R6的一端作为电门锁信号输入电路的输入端与电门锁和启动开关插接件P3的DianMS引脚连接,电阻R6的另一端、电阻R8的一端、电容C8的一端、瞬态抑制二极管Z3的负极相互连接作为电门锁信号输入电路的输出端与单片机最小系统U4的电门锁信号采集引脚DMS(引脚4)连接;防盗信号输入电路包括有二极管D4、电阻R7、瞬态抑制二极管Z4和电容C9,二极管D4的正极作为防盗信号输入电路的输入端与防盗信号和速度采集插接件P4的FangDao引脚连接,电阻R7的一端与二极管D4的负极连接,电阻R7的另一端、瞬态抑制二极管Z4的负极和电容C9的一端相互连接作为防盗信号输入电路的输出端与单片机最小系统U4的防盗信号采集引脚FD(引脚5)连接,瞬态抑制二极管Z4的正极和电容C9的另一端均接地;上电启动电路包括有二极管D6、电阻R16和电阻R17,二极管D6的负极作为上电启动电路的输入端与与电门锁和启动开关插接件P3的QiDong引脚连接,电阻R16的一端、电阻R17的一端相互连接与电机正反转继电器控制电路的启动控制端连接,二极管D6的正极与电阻R16另一端连接,电阻R17的另一端与车载电瓶连接;电机正反转继电器控制电路包括有MOS管专用驱动芯片U3、N沟道MOS管Q1、PNP型三极管Q2、电机反转继电器J1和电机正转继电器J2,PNP型三极管Q2的基极作为电机正反转继电器控制电路的启动控制端,电机反转继电器J1的常开触点和电机正转继电器J2的常开触点均与PNP型三极管Q2的集电极即正反转继电器控制电路的电源输出端连接,PNP型三极管Q2的发射极作为电机正反转继电器控制电路的电源输入端与车载电瓶的正极连接,电机反转继电器J1的常闭触点、电机正转继电器J2的常闭触点均与N沟道MOS管Q1的集电极连接,电机反转继电器J1的控制端与驻车电机正反转控制信号插接件P1的反转控制端Motor-连接,电机反转继电器J2的控制端与驻车电机正反转控制信号插接件P1的正转控制端Motor+连接,N沟道MOS管Q1的源极通过MOS管专用驱动芯片U3与单片机最小系统U4的电机控制引脚DR2(引脚14)连接,MOS管Q1的栅极通过电阻R10接地;驻车电机工作状态采集电路包括有电阻R9、电阻R12、电容C10和瞬态抑制二极管Z5,电阻R9的一端、电阻R12的一端均与MOS管Q1的栅极连接,电阻R12的另一端、电容C10的一端、瞬态抑制二极管Z5的负极相互连接后与单片机最小系统U4的电机状态采集引脚Motor_Det(引脚19)连接,电阻R9的另一端、电容C10的另一端和瞬态抑制二极管Z5的正极均接地;车载电瓶(BAT+、GND为车载电瓶正负极)通过自恢复保险丝F1后给电子驻车控制模块供电,供电的实时电压通过单片机最小系统U4的引脚BAT_V_Det(引脚1)进行采集。See Figure 4 and Figure 7, the electric door lock signal input circuit includes resistor R6, resistor R8, capacitor C8, transient suppression diode Z3, one end of resistor R6 is used as the input end of the electric door lock signal input circuit and the electric door lock and start The DianMS pin of the switch connector P3 is connected, the other end of the resistor R6, one end of the resistor R8, one end of the capacitor C8, and the negative electrode of the transient suppression diode Z3 are connected to each other as the output end of the electric door lock signal input circuit and the MCU minimum system The electric door lock signal acquisition pin DMS (pin 4) of U4 is connected; the anti-theft signal input circuit includes a diode D4, a resistor R7, a transient suppression diode Z4 and a capacitor C9, and the anode of the diode D4 is used as the input terminal of the anti-theft signal input circuit Connect to FangDao pin of anti-theft signal and speed acquisition connector P4, one end of resistor R7 is connected to the negative pole of diode D4, the other end of resistor R7, the negative pole of transient suppression diode Z4 and one end of capacitor C9 are connected to each other as anti-theft signal The output end of the input circuit is connected to the anti-theft signal acquisition pin FD (pin 5) of the minimum system U4 of the single-chip microcomputer. The positive electrode of the transient suppression diode Z4 and the other end of the capacitor C9 are both grounded; the power-on startup circuit includes a diode D6, a resistor R16 and resistor R17, the negative pole of diode D6 is used as the input terminal of the power-on start circuit and is connected to the QiDong pin of the electric door lock and start switch connector P3, one end of the resistor R16 and one end of the resistor R17 are connected to each other and the positive and negative of the motor Connect the start control end of the relay control circuit, the positive pole of the diode D6 is connected to the other end of the resistor R16, and the other end of the resistor R17 is connected to the vehicle battery; the motor forward and reverse relay control circuit includes a MOS tube dedicated drive chip U3, N channel MOS tube Q1, PNP type triode Q2, motor reverse relay J1 and motor forward rotation relay J2, the base of PNP type transistor Q2 is used as the start control end of the motor forward and reverse relay control circuit, and the normally open contact of the motor reverse relay J1 The point and the normally open contact of the motor forward rotation relay J2 are connected with the collector of the PNP type triode Q2, that is, the power output terminal of the forward and reverse relay control circuit, and the emitter of the PNP type triode Q2 is used as the motor forward and reverse relay control circuit. The power input terminal is connected to the positive pole of the vehicle battery. The normally closed contact of the motor reverse relay J1 and the normally closed contact of the motor forward rotation relay J2 are all connected to the collector of the N-channel MOS transistor Q1. The control terminal is connected to the reverse control terminal Motor- of the parking motor forward and reverse rotation control signal connector P1, and the control terminal of the motor reverse relay J2 is connected to the forward rotation control terminal of the parking motor forward and reverse rotation control signal connector P1. Motor+ is connected, the source of the N-channel MOS transistor Q1 is connected to the motor control pin DR2 (pin 14) of the MCU minimum system U4 through the dedicated MOS transistor driver chip U3, and the gate of the MOS transistor Q1 is grounded through the resistor R10; The motor working state acquisition circuit includes resistor R9, resistor R12, capacitor C10 and transient
图7中的P1-P5均为标准的接插件,用于将相关的信号线接入控制电路板1。其中,Motor+为驻车电机的正转控制信号,Motor-为驻车电机的反转控制信号,XW_DW为驻车支撑架的下限位信号,XW_UP为驻车支撑架的上限位信号,QiDong为启动开关信号,DianMS为电门锁信号,FangDao为原电动助力车上的防盗信号,Speed为电动助力车行驶电机的相线测速信号,BAT+及GND为车载电瓶正负极。P1-P5 in FIG. 7 are all standard connectors, which are used to connect the relevant signal lines to the
电门锁是否开启由单片机最小系统U4通过DMS信号的逻辑电平判断,当单片机最小系统U4引脚4输入的信号为低电平时代表电门锁未开启,否则开启。将原有的电动助力车防盗信号FangDao经过二极管D4及电阻R7送入单片机最小系统U4的引脚5,单片机最小系统U4根据防盗信号来决定驻车支撑架4是否收回。当启动开关按下后,启动开关信号QiDong与系统电源地接通,三级管Q2接通,使得三级管Q2输出的电源V_JDQ分别与电机反转继电器J1的常开触点、电机正转继电器J2的常开触点连接,为驻车电机3的转动提供动力电源条件,在电门锁及启动按钮按下的前提下,单片机最小系统U4发出驻车电机控制信号给MOS管专用驱动芯片U3,MOS管专用驱动芯片U3驱动N沟道MOS管Q1导通,从而驱动驻车支撑架4撑起;而当电门锁关闭时并按下启动开关时,则通过上述电路使得驻车电机3反转,驻车支撑架4收回。驻车支撑架4收回到位及撑起到位后,即接插件P2输入XW_DW或XW_UP信号,此时电机反转继电器J1和电机正转继电器J2的线圈失电,从而切断驻车电机3的动力电源,驻车支撑架4的收回或撑起动作停止。单片机最小系统U4通过对Motor_Det信号的获取,可以判断驻车电机3的工作状态,当单片机最小系统U4引脚19的输入电平为低时,驻车电机3未工作,输入电平为高时,驻车电机3则为工作状态。Whether the electric door lock is open or not is judged by the logic level of the DMS signal in the minimum system U4 of the single-chip microcomputer. When the signal input by
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, and substitutions can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention and modifications, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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