CN111284001A - Dedicated colour mixture extruder of three-dimensional inkjet printer - Google Patents
Dedicated colour mixture extruder of three-dimensional inkjet printer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111284001A CN111284001A CN201911152093.9A CN201911152093A CN111284001A CN 111284001 A CN111284001 A CN 111284001A CN 201911152093 A CN201911152093 A CN 201911152093A CN 111284001 A CN111284001 A CN 111284001A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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Abstract
A color mixing extruder special for a three-dimensional printer belongs to the field of mechanical structure; the structure comprises a pushing motor, a throat heat radiation body and support (7), a heating metal body (9), a heating rod (5) and a Y channel nozzle or a parallel channel nozzle; spiral or bent wires are additionally arranged in the columnar space of the upper section of the vertical section of the public channel of the Y-channel nozzle, or a parallel channel nozzle is directly used without the Y-channel nozzle; the Y-channel nozzle (13) or the inclined channel part of the parallel channel nozzle or the continuous inclined channel part of the heating metal body (9) is provided with a non-return structure or keeps the inclined channel straight, the bottom center of the Y-channel nozzle contains 1 vertical nozzle or the parallel channel nozzle contains 2-10 independent vertical nozzles, the parallel channel nozzle is independent or integrated with the heating metal body, the tip part of the nozzle is provided with 2-10 discharge holes, and the Y-channel nozzle or the parallel channel nozzle is widely used in the fields of multicolor and fast FDM-3D printing.
Description
[ technical field ]
The invention belongs to the field of mechanical manufacturing, in particular to an extruder specially used for an FDM-3D printer, which is suitable for single color or multicolor conditions.
[ background art ]
The invention aims at FDM-3D printing technology: in detail, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)Rapid prototypingThe process is to mix various wire materials (such asEngineering plasticABS、Polycarbonate PCEtc.) heating and melting and then stacking layer by layer to form the method, which is called FDM for short. Most FDM rapid prototyping technologies can use many types of modeling materials, such as modified paraffin, (acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene) copolymer (ABS), nylon, rubber, and other thermoplastic materials, and multiphase hybrid materials, such as metal powder, ceramic powder, short fiber, and other blends with thermoplastic materials. Wherein, PLA (polylactic acid) has the advantages of lower shrinkage, easier shaping of a printing model, biodegradability and the like.
The basic construction and operation principle of the FDM-3D printer are expressed as follows:
the extruder mainly comprises a feeding mechanism, a mechanical carrying platform for carrying 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional (horizontal X-axis Y-axis motion and vertical Z-axis drive) motion of the extruder, or a mechanical carrying platform for carrying the extruder to keep static in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction), wherein the motion in the Z-axis direction is completed by the lifting of an independent carrying platform; the 3-dimensional mechanical system for addressing the driving extruder of the FDM-3D printer at present is divided into: a mechanical arm 3-dimensional displacement system, a belt or lead screw driven (X, Y axes) 2-dimensional mechanical transmission + (Z axes) lifting object stage system, a vertical 3-lead screw driven (commonly called mode) displacement driving system which uses a connecting rod to connect an extruder platform, and the like. Structural shells and the like which maintain the motion structure; there are also electronic control systems that support the movement of the mechanical system, etc. The working conditions were as follows: under the control of an electronic system, according to the section profile information of a product part, an extruder moves in an X-Y plane, an object stage adjusts the height, the plane of the stage is positioned at the nozzle position of a hot melt nozzle when printing is started, thermoplastic filamentous materials are sent to the hot melt nozzle by a wire supply mechanism, heated and melted in the nozzle to be semi-liquid, then extruded out, selectively coated on the stage, and rapidly cooled to form a sheet profile with the thickness of about 0.1-8 mm. After the section of one layer is formed, the workbench descends by a certain height, then cladding of the next layer is carried out, the section and the outline are 'drawn' layer by layer as if, and the process is repeated, and finally the three-dimensional product part is formed. Often 1 special nozzle is used for laying a support material (the support material is generally water-soluble and is washed away after printing); in the printing process, the displacement of the printing head on the plane and the vertical displacement of the printing platform are matched to form a three-dimensional space, the printing head and the printing platform perform printing according to the generated path, after the printing head completes a printing task on the plane, the printing platform automatically descends one layer, the printing head continues to print, and the printing is performed repeatedly until the finished product is finished. Or the Z-axis motor is not used for driving the printing object platform to lift, the printing object platform keeps the Z-axis direction static, and the Z-axis motor is used for driving the extruder to move up and down; or 3 vertically moving slide blocks are driven by 3 vertical lead screws, the 3 slide blocks are hinged with the extruder, and the purpose of three-dimensional displacement addressing is also achieved through an algorithm (the 3-dimensional space position of the extruder is determined by the position coordinates of the 3 slide blocks in the Z-axis direction). The temperature of the printing head is higher, and the temperature of the printing head is relatively different according to different materials and different model design temperatures. In order to prevent the occurrence of the problems of edge warping and the like of a printed object, the printing platform is generally heated, and the printing platform is generally covered with adhesive paper so as to facilitate the stripping of a printed finished product.
The details of the component structure of the extruder core are set forth as: the throat pipe, the heating metal body, the heating rod, the temperature sensor and other components are mainly characterized in that the heating rod is adopted to heat a metal block, a plastic wire is extruded into the throat pipe through the inlet end of the throat pipe and then guided by the throat pipe to reach the heating part of the metal block to be melted and then enter the nozzle area, the melted plastic wire is extruded out of the nozzle under the action of the pressure of a subsequent wire feeding (piston) and then extruded onto a printing table, the throat pipe in the extruder is made of stainless steel, in order to reduce the heat conduction performance of the throat pipe, the interior of the stainless steel throat pipe is lined with teflon, the temperature of the interior of the throat pipe is increased due to long-term heating and printing of the extruder, so that the material in the throat pipe is in a molten state, the material is bonded in the throat pipe after the printing and cooling are stopped, the adhesive in the next time, the adhesive in the throat pipe cannot be melted immediately when the printing is restarted, the material blocking phenomenon occurs, the teflon is lined in the throat pipe, the problem of the plug can be greatly improved. Meanwhile, a cooling fin and a fan are added outside the extruder by the author, mainly aiming at reducing the temperature of the upper part of the throat pipe and preventing the problem of a choke plug, and also aiming at cooling the extruder. The heated and melted plastic wire is extruded to the printing table by the nozzle, if the bad phenomena of edge warping and shrinkage and the like caused by the sudden temperature reduction of the plastic are reduced, and if the bad phenomena of edge warping and shrinkage and the like caused by the sudden temperature reduction of the plastic are reduced, a hot bed printing table can be used. The nozzle diameter of the nozzle at the lowermost end of the extruder is commonly of four types: 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.4mm is the most widely used spout in the market, after the spout diameter is selected, corresponding parameters such as printing layer height and printing speed in slicing software are set in the software during printing, so that the printing quality and precision are higher. Compared with a single extrusion head, the double extrusion head adopts two extruders to be arranged in parallel, the printing speed is higher, the printing efficiency is higher, the inertia generated during the operation is larger due to the larger mass of the double extrusion head, and the requirement on the rigidity of the guide rail is higher. This reduces the accuracy of printing. The head is compared in the single crowded, and two crowded heads adopt two extruders to arrange side by side to relative position is fixed, owing to there are two shower nozzles, and two crowded heads are installed on the slider, are connected with the guide rail by the slider, and the nozzle diameter that is located the bottom shower nozzle of extruder has four kinds: 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.4mm is the most widely used nozzle in the market, certainly can purchase the nozzle of different diameters according to the actual need, it is worth mentioning here that, after selecting the nozzle diameter, also need set up the corresponding parameter in the software while printing, such as print layer height, printing speed, etc. in the slicing software, make the quality and precision of printing higher. The gear is close to the material wire, the near-end wire feeding is to install the extruder on the printing head, the material is directly driven by the feeding motor, the material wire is extruded into the throat pipe by the friction thrust of the teeth, and the material wire is melted in the metal block and is sprayed out from the nozzle for printing. The installation mode has the advantages that the extruder and the printing head move together, the printing head has large mass and large inertia during printing, the printing is easy to be inaccurate, and the requirement on the rigidity of the guide rail by adopting the near-end wire feeding is higher. The far-end wire feeding is that the extruder is arranged at a position far away from the extruder, and the driving motor is generally arranged on a printer frame and is used for feeding the material wires through a guide pipe; rather than on an extruder, a distal wire requires a higher torque to extrude material into the print head than a proximal wire. Materials other than wire are used; the material can be directly prepared from ABS/PLA and other granular raw materials, poured into a feeding cabin, melted at high temperature to become liquid, and extruded under the control of a pneumatic system.
The extruder also develops an extrusion structure with more inlets and 1 outlet, 2 inlets and 1 outlets, 3 inlets and 1 outlets, and even 5 inlets and 1 outlets are sold on the market, and the color change is slow due to the fact that the melting cavity is relatively simple and large; the color mixing is not sufficiently uniform for the mixed color to extrude. A representative prior attempt was Richard Horne, which accomplished compounding extrusion by modifying the pulse equivalent of the extruder. For example, a normal extruder is one millimeter with 90 pulses. If the total amount of the three groups of the mixture is 3 times of the original total amount. Richard Horne sets the pulses of extruder 1 to 45 pulses per millimeter, extruder 2 to 45 pulses per millimeter, and extruder 3 to 45 pulses per millimeter. By red, yellow and blue plastic filaments, green by fusing yellow and blue, and purple by fusing red and blue. The principle of operation of RichRap is more like tie-dyeing (a dyeing method where the fabric is partially tied off during dyeing so that it cannot be colored) than ink-jet printing. The colors are not mixed in a true sense, but are mixed in a "toothpaste effect" manner, with distances between the colors. Because the melted plastic requires a transition time.
The circuit part includes: the circuit part includes: the 3D printer circuit part plays a role in controlling the coordinated, ordered and complete operation of the whole printing process in the printer. A typical circuit part of the FDM type 3D printer mainly comprises an Arduinomega 2560 main control board, a Ramps 1.4 expanding board and a stepping motor driving board. The basic parameters and functions thereof are described below. The Arduino Mega2560 main control board comprises an Arduino Mega2560 main control board microcontroller atMega2560, a working voltage of 5V, 54 digital I/O pins, 16 analog input pins, 50 direct current of each I/O pin, and a main control board of a 3D printer, and is responsible for controlling the whole printer to complete specific actions, such as printing specific files and the like. It should be noted here that the diodes of the extended version supplying power to the main control board are not welded, that is, the diodes need to supply power to the mega2560 main control board separately, and the power is supplied directly by using the USB 5V or through a power connector. Arduino is a convenient, flexible and convenient open-source electronic prototype platform, comprises hardware (Arduino boards of various models) and software (Arduino IDE), has a circuit diagram design of open source codes, can be freely downloaded through a program development interface, can be modified according to individual needs, and meets the requirements of innovation and originality of different crowds. Before the 3D printer operation, need download Marlin firmware in Arduino IDE, part parameter satisfies the requirement of printing in modifying the firmware as required. The expansion board Ramps 1.4 is inserted on the main control board and is connected with the main control board through a contact pin, and the expansion board is used for being better connected with other hardware and controlling to play a role of a transition bridge. The expansion board needs to be connected with two 12V power supplies, wherein one power supply is 11A and is used for supplying power to the heating bed, the other power supply is 5A and is used for supplying power to elements such as an extruder, each shaft motor, a fan and the like, and the author only needs to use one 12V power supply and one 5A power supply without using the heating bed. The RAMPs 1.4 extension board is also provided with LEDs for outputting fan and heating rod, the extruder and each shaft motor are controlled by the main control board through the stepping motor driving board A4988, because the author adopts a single-head printer, the motor interface of the extruder 2 does not need to be provided with A4988 and is positioned at the upper right corner of the extension board, and the extension board is provided with a limit switch in the direction of X, Y, Z, so that the original point of the printer during each working can be controlled. The A4988 stepping motor driving board is used for connecting a stepping motor, so that the control of the main control board on the stepping motor is realized, and the actions of the XYZ-axis motor and the extruder are realized. The characteristic of A4988 stepping motor drive plate is that it has only simple stepping and direction control interface, there are 5 different stepping modes: full, half, 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16, the adjustable potentiometer can adjust the maximum current output, thereby obtaining higher stepping rate, and has the functions of overheating shutdown circuit, under-voltage locking, cross current protection, and the functions of grounding short-circuit protection and loading short-circuit protection. The driving board is inserted into the corresponding interface in the expansion board through pins.
Software part examples: the authors have known that the software part of the 3D printer includes two major parts, namely upper computer software and lower computer software, each of which is subdivided, and the authors can set and control the printing parameters by the main control board only through the operation of the software. The complete running process of all software of one 3D printer is as follows: firstly, an author needs to complete part modeling in three-dimensional modeling software on a computer, such as Solidworks, UG, 3D Max and other three-dimensional software, a file is stored in an STL format after a 3D model is created, the STL file is opened in slice software Slic3r, slicing is carried out to generate codes through a series of printing settings, the codes are opened on another upper computer software Pronterface and connected with a mainboard, the lower computer software on the mainboard is Marlin firmware, parameter setting is carried out in advance before operation, after connection is successful, an LED lamp on the mainboard flickers, and printing is started after a heating pipe on a printer is heated and the temperature is raised to a set temperature. The software portion of the printer is described in detail below. The lower computer software Marlin firmware is free software and can be directly used for software development, when an author uses the Marlin firmware in a 3D printer, the author only needs to download the firmware in the Arduino IDE software to find a configuration.h file in the Marlin firmware, relevant code content can be modified according to own needs, and the printer developed by the author needs to be modified as follows.
The current technical defects are as follows: for large FDM-3D printers, the layer-by-layer accumulation of the extruded material results in a layered, rough surface structure.
[ summary of the invention ]
The purpose of the invention is as follows:
structurally, simple components are arranged to passively stir the mixed materials of different colors fully so as to mix the mixed materials uniformly.
The invention is characterized in that:
the structure is simple, specifically: the passive spiral or bent wires are placed on a common channel of a Y-channel nozzle to be fully and passively stirred, and then the check valves are matched to prevent mixed pigments from reversely flowing back to channels of various colors.
The specific structure of the invention:
the invention is specially designed for an FDM-3D printer, and the main components required by the operation of the FDM-3D printer comprise: the feeding mechanism containing the feeding disc is used for remotely pushing the material threads (the thread-shaped material is directly driven by a feeding motor to drive the gear, the material threads are extruded into the throat pipe by utilizing the friction thrust of the gear), and a mechanical carrying platform (28) of the carrying extruder (24) is static or does 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional motion; the matched object stage (27) is then matched to move in 3-dimensional, 2-dimensional, 1-dimensional or static way, and is also provided with a structural shell (26), an electronic control part, a display screen and the like which are constructed for keeping the motion. The working principle of the device is described in detail in the background section and belongs to the prior art.
The construction of the color mixing extruder includes: a pushing motor, a throat radiator and support (7), a heating metal body (9), a heating rod (5) and a Y-channel nozzle or a parallel channel nozzle; the technical characteristic points are as follows: spiral or bent wires are additionally arranged in the columnar space of the upper section of the vertical section of the public channel of the Y-channel nozzle, or a parallel channel nozzle is directly used without the Y-channel nozzle; a check structure is arranged or the straight-through of the inclined channel is kept at the inclined channel part of the Y-channel nozzle (13) or the parallel channel nozzle or the continuous inclined channel part of the heating metal body (9), the bottom center of the Y-channel nozzle contains 1 vertical nozzle or 2-10 vertical nozzles of independent parallel channel nozzles, the upper end of the vertical nozzle is branched into radial multi-path branch channels similar to Y characters or multi-path bent independent channels, and each branch channel is communicated with a respective melting cavity; the number of branch channels of the Y-channel nozzle is 1-10 channels.
The non-return structure of the invention is a common one-way ring flow valve, and the moving part is a non-return ball or a non-return cylinder or a non-return reed; the number of the branch channels is 1-10, that is, the excellent and stable material stopping property of the check valve can also be used for the single color condition, and the Y channel is a single straight channel; when the check reed is used as a check valve, the reed is tightly attached to the hole from one side, the reed is pushed and tightened by utilizing the self impact force of fluid, the independent elastic force is also an auxiliary effect, a rooting fulcrum of the reed is needed, and the extending part of the reed is often needed to be connected to the wall of the columnar space.
The working principle of the color mixing extruder of the invention is briefly described as follows:
reference is made to the accompanying drawings; the feeding motor pushes the material wires into the heated metal body to enter respective melting cavities, and each melting cavity is a cylindrical space which is communicated with the upper melting space and the channel inlets of the Y-channel nozzles (13) below the upper melting space; the melted material pushes away the check ball or the check column or the check reed and is finally sprayed out from the nozzle.
Mixing the molten materials of the various colors: when the multi-color molten material enters the common channel of the upper section of the nozzle outlet, the multi-color molten material flows through the spiral or bent wire part additionally arranged in the columnar space of the upper section, and the molten material is disturbed by the spiral or bent wire part to generate local turnover and section spiral, so that the multi-color molten material is uniformly mixed. For parallel channel nozzles, no spiral or bent wires are required, but rather a direct mixing is possible in the coextrusion coating.
The color changing transient process is as follows: the 2-channel situation taking fig. 2 and 3 as an example is convenient for illustration (except that the non-return motion part of fig. 2 and 3 uses a non-return ball; the actual number of channels can be 2-10 channels); when one path of material channel is pumped back and stops feeding (the performance of the material channel depends on the maintaining degree of the negative pressure of the pumping back sealing), the other path starts to push feeding, and due to the existence of the positive pressure in the Y-channel nozzle (13) and the negative pressure of the pumping back path, the check ball or the check column body or the check reed is pushed to the upper bottom surface and blocks the circular hole (18) in the center, and the channel is sealed to prevent the continuous flow of the melting material. When the pigment is switched again, the material wire is firstly pumped back under the condition of keeping the other path to be continuously cut off, a small amount of melted material is pumped back because the rising process of the check ball or the check column body or the check reed) needs a certain time, the residual melted material of the Y-channel nozzle (13) is pumped back and recovered, and the check ball 2(2) continuously and stably keeps the cut-off state of the channel 2, so that the exchange between the melted materials of the color 2 is avoided. Feeding is started in the channel 1, the check ball or the check cylinder or the check reed is pushed open, the melt is extruded out through the Y-channel nozzle (13), and the channel 2 is difficult to be mixed by the melt in the channel 1 due to the sealing performance of the check ball or the check cylinder or the check reed; repeating the above process when switching the materials again; the spraying length of the two mixed paths sprayed by the nozzle in the color changing process can be controlled within 2-3 mm.
Further: the nozzle is separate or integral with the heated metal body.
Further: the non-return structure is a non-return valve, a non-return ball or a non-return cylinder or a non-return reed is arranged in a material melting cavity, the material melting cavity is a columnar space, a round hole (18) is formed in the center of the upper bottom surface of the columnar space, and when the non-return ball or the non-return cylinder is used as a motion blocking part in the non-return valve, a material passing hole or a porous shape deviating from the center is formed in the lower bottom surface; when the check reed is used as a motion blocking component in the check valve, the shape of the opening of the lower bottom surface is not limited; moving parts in the check valve: such as a check ball, a check cylinder or a check reed, which is characterized in that a free body restrained by the wall of the material melting chamber or a spring pre-tightening pushes a moving part to be tightly leaned against a round hole at the center of the upper bottom surface of a columnar space of the material melting chamber.
Further: the Y-channel nozzle and the parallel channel nozzle are characterized in that the nozzles are independent or integrated with a heating metal body, and the tip of the parallel channel nozzle is provided with 2-10 discharge holes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
because of the special channel check valve structure, the quantitative suck-back is realized during the suck-back, and the operation is stable and accurate; the length of excessive color ejected from the nozzle is extremely short during color changing, and the influence on multi-color printing is little. Simple and reliable operation.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic construction of an FDM-3D printer.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a two-color extruder configuration.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the core of a two-color extruder.
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an extruder core with spiral threads.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a core of a two-color extruder.
The attached drawings are marked as follows:
(1) check ball 1
(2) Check ball 2
(3) Melting chamber 1
(4) Melting chamber 2
(5) Heating rod
(6) Heat insulation pad
(7) Throat radiator and support
(8) Teflon throat
(9) Heating metal body
(10) Parallel passage nozzle
(11) Remote feeding pipe
(12) Spiral wire
(13) Y-channel nozzle
(14) Eccentric shaft material passing hole 1
(15) Eccentric shaft material passing hole 2
(16) Feed channel 1
(17) Feed channel 2
(18) Round hole
(20) Common passage (nozzle outlet upper segment)
(21) Remote feeding motor
(22) Feeding mechanism
(23) Material thread
(24) Extruding machine
(25) Feeding plate
(26) Structural shell
(27) Object carrying workbench
(28) Mechanical carrying platform
[ example of embodiment ]
The invention is further described in the following preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in fig. 1:
the basic construction and operation principle of the FDM-3D printer are expressed as follows: the device mainly comprises a feeding disc (25) and a feeding mechanism (22) (a component in a square frame) of a material wire (23), wherein a remote feeding motor (21) drives the material wire to pass through a remote feeding pipe (11) through a gear to be sent to an extruder. A mechanical stage (28) for carrying 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional (horizontal X-axis Y-axis motion and vertical Z-axis drive) motion of the extruder (24), or a structural housing (26) constructed by holding the motion in the Z-axis direction while the extruder is held stationary in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) and by a separate stage (27) by the motion in the Z-axis direction. The figure shows a single-channel FDM-3D printer, and multiple channels are formed by adding a plurality of feeding disks and a plurality of feeding motors.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3:
note that: the left and right of the two figures are the same part, and the left part is an exploded view of the right assembly body.
Similar to the structure of the traditional FDM extruder, a remote feeding motor pushes a feed wire to a Teflon throat (8) in a throat heat radiation body and support (7) through a remote feeding pipe (11); the heat dissipation fan is responsible for carrying out air cooling heat dissipation on the throat heat dissipation body and support (7) under the flow guidance of the fan flow guide sleeve; the heat insulation pad (6) is used for insulating heat of the heating metal body (9). The remote feed pipe (11) and the Teflon throat (8) can use the same pipe.
The 2 paths are provided with independent channels, the heating rod (5) heats the metal body (9), and the melting cavity 1(3) and the melting cavity 2(4) are part of the high-temperature melting space; the melting cavity 1(3) and the melting cavity 2(4) are a columnar space and communicated with the upper melting space and a Y-channel nozzle (13) below; the round hole (18) which is positioned at the center of the upper bottom surface of the cylindrical space is led to the upper melting space, and the eccentric shaft material passing hole (1), (14) and the eccentric shaft material passing hole (2), (15) which are positioned at the center of the lower bottom surface of the cylindrical space are led to the Y-channel nozzle (13); the check balls 1(1) and 2(2) are respectively placed in the melting chamber 1(3) and the melting chamber 2 (4).
The instant switching color changing principle is as follows:
feed channels 1(16) and 2(17) are 2 independent channels; because the diameter of the check ball is smaller than that of the melting cavity, when the melting furnace normally works, one path of material channel is drawn back and closed (the check ball blocks the feed hole of the feed channel, the blocking performance depends on the maintaining degree of the negative pressure of the drawing back seal, the long sealing performance of the material wire is needed, once the check ball seals and blocks the channel, the channel is divided into 2 parts, the melting material of the vertical section of the nozzle is drawn back into the channel, and the relation with the drawing back length of the material wire is not large, so that the material of the common channel part is pumped out to make room for the entering of the other path of material and change color completely), the other path of material is pushed to supply, due to the existence of the positive pressure in the Y channel nozzle (13) and the negative pressure of the drawing back path, the check ball 1(1) is pushed to the round hole (18) in the center of the upper bottom surface, and the channel is sealed to prevent the continuous flowing of the melting material.
When the pigment is switched again, the material wire is firstly pumped back under the condition of keeping the other path to be continuously cut off, a small amount of melt is pumped back due to the fact that a certain time is needed in the rising process of the check ball 2(2), the residual melt of the Y-channel nozzle (13) is pumped back and recovered, and the check ball 2(2) continuously and stably keeps the cut-off state of the channel 2, so that the exchange between the 2-color melt is avoided. Then, feeding is started in the channel 1, the check balls 1(1) are pushed away, the melt is extruded out through the Y-channel nozzle (13), and the channel 2 is difficult to be mixed by the melt in the channel 1 due to the existence of the tightness of the check balls 2 (2); repeating the above process when switching the materials again; the spraying length of the two mixed paths sprayed by the nozzle in the color changing process can be controlled within 5 mm.
As shown in fig. 4:
the spiral wire (12) is arranged in the cylindrical space of the public channel (20) (the section of the nozzle is cut along the symmetrical plane) at the upper section of the nozzle outlet, and the bending state of the spiral wire is in the shape of spiral line state, broken line state and the like, so that the flow of the melt is not hindered, the melt can roll and flow radially, and the aim of uniform mixing is fulfilled.
As shown in fig. 5:
the parallel channel nozzle (10) (the section of the nozzle taken along the plane of symmetry) differs from the Y-channel nozzle in that: a plurality of independent spray holes are formed in the 1 nozzle, and each spray hole corresponds to an independent channel. For parallel channel nozzles, no spiral or bent wires are required, but rather a direct mixing is possible in the coextrusion coating.
Claims (3)
1. A special color mixing extruder for a three-dimensional printer; the structure comprises a pushing motor, a throat heat radiation body and support (7), a heating metal body (9), a heating rod (5) and a Y channel nozzle or a parallel channel nozzle; the method is characterized in that: spiral or bent wires are additionally arranged in the columnar space of the upper section of the vertical section of the public channel of the Y-channel nozzle, or a parallel channel nozzle is directly used without the Y-channel nozzle; a check structure is arranged or the straight-through of the inclined channel is kept at the inclined channel part of the Y-channel nozzle (13) or the parallel channel nozzle or the continuous inclined channel part of the heating metal body (9), the bottom center of the Y-channel nozzle contains 1 vertical nozzle or the parallel channel nozzle contains 2-10 independent vertical nozzles, the upper end of each vertical nozzle is branched into a radial multi-path branch channel similar to a Y shape or a multi-path bent independent channel, and each branch channel is communicated with a respective melting cavity; the number of branch channels of the Y-channel nozzle is 1-10 channels.
2. The check structure of the color mixing extruder specially used for the three-dimensional printer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the check structure is a check valve, a check ball, a check cylinder or a check reed is placed in the material melting cavity, the material melting cavity is a columnar space, a circular hole (18) is formed in the center of the upper bottom surface of the columnar space, and when the check ball or the check cylinder is used as a motion blocking component in the check valve, a material passing hole or a porous shape with an eccentric center is formed in the lower bottom surface; when the check reed is used as a motion blocking component in the check valve, the shape of the opening of the lower bottom surface is not limited; moving parts in the check valve: such as a check ball, a check cylinder or a check reed, which is characterized in that a free body restrained by the wall of the material melting chamber or a spring pre-tightening pushes a moving part to be tightly leaned against a round hole at the center of the upper bottom surface of a columnar space of the material melting chamber.
3. The color mixing extruder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nozzle is independent or integrated with the heating metal body, and the nozzle has 2-10 discharge holes at its tip.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2018114973387 | 2018-12-07 | ||
| CN201811497338 | 2018-12-07 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111284001A true CN111284001A (en) | 2020-06-16 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911152093.9A Pending CN111284001A (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2019-11-22 | Dedicated colour mixture extruder of three-dimensional inkjet printer |
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| CN (1) | CN111284001A (en) |
Cited By (2)
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| CN113478825A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-08 | 杭州捷诺飞生物科技股份有限公司 | Compound formula 3D printer of extruding |
| CN114734062A (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-07-12 | 上海工程技术大学 | 3D metal printing device and printing method |
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