CN111283127A - Forging method of alloy ingot - Google Patents
Forging method of alloy ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN111283127A CN111283127A CN202010097030.4A CN202010097030A CN111283127A CN 111283127 A CN111283127 A CN 111283127A CN 202010097030 A CN202010097030 A CN 202010097030A CN 111283127 A CN111283127 A CN 111283127A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
- B21J5/022—Open die forging
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of material processing and forging, and discloses a forging method of an alloy ingot, wherein the alloy ingot is cylindrical, and the forging method comprises the following steps: step one, preparing n tubular dies with different inner diameters and n punches which correspond one to one, wherein n is more than or equal to 3; and step two, sequentially placing the alloy ingots into the die according to the sequence of the inner diameters of the die from small to large, and stamping and upsetting the alloy ingots through the corresponding punches. By the technical scheme, cogging of the alloy cast ingot with the height-diameter ratio of 5 can be realized, cogging on a conventional hydraulic quick forging machine can be completed, instability of the ingot in an upsetting cogging process can be effectively prevented by using the die, bulging phenomenon cannot occur, the symmetry of the ingot after forming is good, uniform crushing of as-cast tissues is facilitated under three-dimensional constraint of the die and the punch, and deformation dead zones are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material processing and forging, in particular to a forging method of an alloy ingot.
Background
Ingot cogging is a first procedure of hot working and forging of the deformed high-temperature alloy, and the purpose of the method comprises two aspects, namely crushing an as-cast structure to obtain a uniform and fine isometric crystal structure, and improving the plasticity of the material; and secondly, changing the geometrical shape of the cast ingot so as to carry out the next processing. For a part of the high-temperature alloy ingot which is difficult to deform, because a large amount of alloying elements are added, the ingot with the diameter smaller than 350mm needs to be prepared, the element segregation of the alloy in the solidification process can be reduced, the chemical composition and the structural uniformity of the material can be improved, and in order to ensure that the total quality of the ingot meets the requirement of a subsequent final product, the high-temperature alloy ingot with the height-diameter ratio larger than 2.5 needs to be produced.
For a high-temperature alloy ingot with the diameter within 350mm, the length is not more than 2.5 times of the diameter generally, because when the ratio of the height of the ingot to the diameter exceeds 2.5, a destabilization phenomenon can occur during upsetting, or the waist of the ingot is folded to cause the loss of a large amount of materials, and after the destabilization, the surface of the ingot is cracked if being straightened, which brings difficulty to the cogging process, causes the loss of the materials, and the structure of the materials can not meet the ideal requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forging method of an alloy ingot, which aims to solve the problem that the alloy ingot with a large height-diameter ratio is not easy to cogging and forge.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides a forging method of an alloy ingot, wherein the alloy ingot is cylindrical, the forging method including:
step one, preparing n tubular dies with different inner diameters and n punches which correspond one to one, wherein n is more than or equal to 3;
and step two, sequentially placing the alloy ingots into the die according to the sequence of the inner diameters of the die from small to large, and stamping and upsetting the alloy ingots through the corresponding punches.
Optionally, in step two, the die and the corresponding punch are heated to a predetermined temperature and kept warm for a predetermined time; heating the alloy ingot to a forging temperature and then placing the alloy ingot into the die; stamping and upsetting the alloy ingot in the die by using the corresponding punch until the outer periphery of the alloy ingot is matched with the inner periphery of the die; taking out the alloy cast ingot from the mold, preserving the heat of the alloy cast ingot and storing the alloy cast ingot,
and forging the alloy ingot through the steps according to the sequence that the inner diameter of the die is from small to large.
Optionally, in step two, a lubricant is applied to the inner wall of the mold.
Optionally, the mould comprises a large end and a small end, the inner diameter of the mould is gradually reduced from the large end to the small end, in the second step, the mould is placed in a mode that the large end faces upwards, the alloy ingot is placed in the mould, and the height of the alloy ingot is larger than that of the mould; stamping and upsetting the alloy ingot by using a quick forging machine through the punch from top to bottom until the alloy ingot is as high as the die in height; and turning the die to enable the small end to face upwards, and punching the alloy cast ingot through the punch by using a quick forging machine until the outer periphery of the alloy cast ingot is matched with the inner periphery of the die.
Optionally, in the second step, the alloy ingot is wrapped by a soft sheath and then placed into the mold.
Optionally, the soft cover is made of glass fiber cotton, and glass powder is spread on the inner surface of the soft cover.
Optionally, in the first step, three dies and three corresponding punches are prepared, including a first die, a second die and a third die with sequentially increasing inner diameters and a first punch, a second punch and a third punch corresponding to each other.
Optionally, the height difference between the alloy ingot and the mold to be used is Δ, the inner diameter of the mold to be used is D, and the ratio of Δ to D is less than or equal to 1.
Optionally, the volume of the alloy ingot is less than or equal to the volume of the mold.
Optionally, the ratio of the height to the diameter of the alloy ingot is 2.5-5, and the diameter of the alloy ingot is less than 350 mm.
Optionally, the alloy ingot is one of an iron-based superalloy ingot, a nickel-based superalloy ingot, or a cobalt-based superalloy ingot.
Alternatively, the alloy ingot is prepared by an electroslag remelting continuous directional solidification process.
By the technical scheme, cogging of the alloy cast ingot with the height-diameter ratio of 5 can be realized, cogging on a conventional hydraulic quick forging machine can be completed, instability of the ingot in an upsetting cogging process can be effectively prevented by using the die, bulging phenomenon cannot occur, the symmetry of the ingot after forming is good, uniform crushing of as-cast tissues is facilitated under three-dimensional constraint of the die and the punch, and deformation dead zones are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a die, a punch and an alloy ingot according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic image of a blank according to one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic image of a blank according to the second embodiment;
fig. 4 is a gold phase diagram of the billet in the comparative example.
Description of the reference numerals
1 first mould 2 second mould
3 third die 4 first punch
5 second punch 6 third punch
7 alloy ingot
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
The invention provides a forging method of an alloy ingot, wherein the alloy ingot is cylindrical, and the forging method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing n tubular dies with different inner diameters and n punches which correspond one to one, wherein n is more than or equal to 3;
and step two, sequentially placing the alloy ingots into the die according to the sequence of the inner diameters of the die from small to large, and stamping and upsetting the alloy ingots through the corresponding punches.
The forging method of the alloy ingot casting aims to forge and form the cylindrical alloy ingot casting into a blank with a lower height-diameter ratio, namely the height of the alloy ingot casting is reduced, the inner diameter of the alloy ingot casting is increased and the alloy ingot casting is gradually formed into a cake shape through forging and upsetting so as to facilitate subsequent processing.
The mould is generally tubular, i.e. has a cavity which is generally cylindrical (minor variations in internal diameter may be present), with the emphasis on the shape of the internal cavity and the external shape which may vary according to the requirements of the fixture, without any particular limitation, that is to say tubular is a broader concept. A plurality of said punches corresponds one to a plurality of said dies, where corresponding is primarily meant to mean that the outer diameter of the punches corresponds to the inner diameter of the dies, e.g. slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the dies.
The inner diameters of the plurality of dies are different, the alloy ingot is firstly placed into the die with the smallest inner diameter for stamping and upsetting, wherein the outer diameter of the alloy ingot is smaller than the inner diameter of the corresponding die, the length direction of the alloy ingot is matched with the length direction of the die, and then the alloy ingot is stamped and upset in the die with the larger inner diameter in sequence, so that the outer diameter of the alloy ingot is increased for multiple times.
In the scheme, the alloy ingot is subjected to multi-stage upsetting forging by using a plurality of dies, namely the alloy ingot is forged and upset by corresponding punches in the plurality of dies in sequence according to the sequence of the inner diameters from small to large, so that the inner diameter of the alloy ingot is gradually increased and the height of the alloy ingot is gradually reduced by taking each die as a limit, and the alloy ingot is formed into a required size and shape after being forged for multiple times.
In the scheme, the multistage die can effectively prevent the instability of the blank in the upsetting and cogging process, the bulging phenomenon cannot occur, the symmetry of the formed blank is good, the blank is beneficial to uniform breaking of as-cast tissues under the three-dimensional constraint of the die and the punch, and the deformation dead zone is reduced.
Specifically, in the second step, the die and the corresponding punch are heated to a preset temperature, and heat preservation is carried out for a preset time; heating the alloy ingot to a forging temperature and then placing the alloy ingot into the die; stamping and upsetting the alloy ingot in the die by using the corresponding punch until the outer periphery of the alloy ingot is matched with the inner periphery of the die; taking out the alloy cast ingot from the mold, preserving the heat of the alloy cast ingot and storing the alloy cast ingot,
and forging the alloy ingot through the steps according to the sequence that the inner diameter of the die is from small to large.
When the alloy ingot is forged, the alloy ingot needs to be heated to reach the forging temperature, such as 1100-1200 ℃, and correspondingly, the die and the punch need to be heated, so as to reduce the temperature difference between the die and the punch and the alloy ingot, certainly, the temperature of the die and the punch is not too high so as to ensure that the die and the punch have higher strength, for example, the temperature of the die and the punch can be 350-500 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 3-5 h, the die and the punch are both made of hot-working die steel materials, and the die and the punch are used after normalizing and annealing, so that the hardness reaches about HRC 42-47. In addition, the alloy ingot in the die is punched and upset by the punch, so that the outer diameter of the alloy ingot is basically consistent with the inner diameter of the die, namely the outer periphery of the alloy ingot is tightly attached to the inner periphery of the die, and then the alloy ingot can be ejected out of the die by a proper tool and subjected to heat preservation treatment, so that the next punching and upsetting or other subsequent steps are facilitated.
In addition, in the second step, a lubricant is coated on the inner wall of the mold. Before the alloy ingot is placed into the mold, a lubricant can be coated on the inner wall of the mold, relative movement between the alloy ingot and the mold is inevitable, and the lubricant can reduce friction between the alloy ingot and the mold. The lubricant may be graphite emulsion or other lubricant that can be used under high temperature conditions.
In the second step, the die is placed in a mode that the large end faces upwards, the alloy ingot is placed in the die, and the height of the alloy ingot is larger than that of the die; stamping and upsetting the alloy ingot by using a quick forging machine through the punch from top to bottom until the alloy ingot is as high as the die in height; and turning the die to enable the small end to face upwards, and punching the alloy cast ingot through the punch by using a quick forging machine until the outer periphery of the alloy cast ingot is matched with the inner periphery of the die. The inner diameter of the inner cavity of the die is gradually reduced along the axial direction, namely a large end and a small end exist, when the alloy ingot is forged, the die is placed in a mode that the large end faces upwards, the alloy ingot in the die is punched and upset by the punch from top to bottom until the alloy ingot is equal to the die in height, then the die is placed in a mode that the small end faces upwards, the alloy ingot in the die is punched and upset by the punch from top to bottom, so that the die is filled with the alloy ingot, namely the outer periphery of the alloy ingot is fully attached to the inner periphery of the die. When the alloy ingot in the die is punched, the die can be filled with the alloy ingot more easily in a mode of punching from two ends of the die, and the alloy ingot is fully attached to the die, so that the alloy ingot reaches a preset size, namely the inner diameter of the die.
In addition, in the second step, the alloy ingot is wrapped by a soft sheath and then is placed into the mold. The soft sheath can protect the alloy ingot, weaken friction between the die and the alloy ingot, and can preserve heat of the alloy ingot to avoid or relieve heat conduction of the alloy ingot to the die and the punch.
Optionally, the soft cover is made of glass fiber cotton, and glass powder is spread on the inner surface of the soft cover. The soft packing cover that glass fiber cotton made can play good thermal-insulated effect, guarantees the alloy ingot casting has enough high temperature, has sufficient deformability, on the one hand glass powder can to soft packing cover with friction between the alloy ingot casting is lubricated, on the other hand, also can realize the bonding effect, avoids soft packing cover to drop.
In the first step, three dies and three corresponding punches are prepared, including a first die, a second die, a third die, and a first punch, a second punch, and a third punch, which are in one-to-one correspondence, with the inner diameters of the dies being sequentially increased. The inner diameters of the three dies are sequentially increased, in the step two, the first die, the second die and the third die are sequentially used for forging, the three punches respectively correspond to the three dies, particularly the radial dimension, and the outer diameters of the punches can be slightly smaller than the inner diameters of the dies.
Further, the die is provided with a large end and a small end, the inner diameter of the die is gradually reduced from the large end to the small end, the inner diameter of the large end of the first die is 220mm-330mm, the inner diameter of the small end of the first die is 210mm-320mm, the height of the first die is 600mm-850mm, and the outer diameter of the first punch is 200mm-310 mm; the inner diameter of the large end of the second die is 270mm-390mm, the inner diameter of the small end of the second die is 260mm-380mm, the height of the second die is 400mm-550mm, and the outer diameter of the second punch is 250mm-370 mm; the inner diameter of the large end of the third die is 320-520 mm, the inner diameter of the small end of the third die is 310-510 mm, the height of the third die is 250-300 mm, and the outer diameter of the third punch is 300-500 mm. Referring to fig. 1, three dies may be used to upset the alloy ingot three times with corresponding three punches, the difference between the inside diameters of the large and small ends of the dies may be about 10mm, and the difference between the outside diameter of the punch and the inside diameter of the small end of the dies may be about 10 mm. In other embodiments, more dies and punches may be provided, e.g., 4, 5, etc.
The height difference between the alloy ingot and the mold to be used is delta, the inner diameter of the mold to be used is D, and the ratio of delta to D is less than or equal to 1. For the alloy ingot and the die to be used, the ratio of the height difference to the inner diameter of the die is less than or equal to 1, namely the height difference between the alloy ingot and the die is not suitable to be too large, so that the deformation of the alloy ingot in the die is kept in a certain range, and the problems of bulging, cracking and the like caused by too large deformation are avoided.
In addition, the volume of the alloy ingot is less than or equal to the volume of the mold. The outer diameter of the alloy ingot is smaller than the inner diameter of the die to be used, the height of the alloy ingot is larger than the height of the die to be used, and after the forging is completed, the outer diameter of the alloy ingot is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the die. In the scheme, the height-diameter ratio of the alloy cast ingot is relatively large, which is a main reason for adopting multi-stage forging, so that the alloy cast ingot can be deformed step by step without cracking or bulging.
In addition, the ratio of the height to the diameter of the alloy ingot is 2.5-5, and the diameter of the alloy ingot is less than 350 mm. In order to prevent or relieve the segregation in the alloy ingot, the diameter of the alloy ingot is controlled within 350mm (the alloy ingot before forging), namely the alloy ingot has a small section, on the basis, in order to ensure that the alloy ingot has enough volume and mass, the height of the alloy ingot is relatively large, particularly the ratio of the height to the diameter is relatively large, therefore, the forging cogging difficulty is large, which is the technical problem to be solved by the scheme.
The alloy ingot is one of an iron-based high-temperature alloy ingot, a nickel-based high-temperature alloy ingot or a cobalt-based high-temperature alloy ingot. The scheme can be used for forging and forming the high-temperature alloy ingot, and is preferably suitable for GH4096 alloy ingot. In other embodiments, the forging method of the present embodiment may be applied to other kinds of alloys.
Further, the alloy ingot is prepared by an electroslag remelting continuous directional solidification process, and the alloy ingot has a columnar crystal structure. The alloy ingot is formed by casting, particularly is manufactured by an electroslag remelting continuous directional solidification process, the metallographic structure of the alloy ingot is columnar crystal, and the metallographic structure of the alloy ingot is isometric crystal in a blank obtained by multistage forging. In addition, the smelting process of the alloy ingot can also adopt a two-combined (vacuum induction and vacuum consumable, vacuum induction and electroslag remelting) or three-combined (vacuum induction, electroslag remelting and vacuum consumable) process for preparation.
Preferred examples of the present invention and comparative examples are described below.
Example one
Upsetting and cogging of directionally solidified GH4096 alloy cast ingot with phi 265X 1160mm
Upsetting three times for cogging, respectively preheating three sets of dies and three sets of punches within the range of 350 ℃ and 500 ℃, and preheating for more than 3 hours before forging; the inner diameter of the large end and the inner diameter of the small end of the first die 1 are respectively 330mm and 320mm, the height is 850mm, and the diameter of the first punch 4 is 310 mm; the inner diameter of the large end and the inner diameter of the small end of the second die 2 are 390mm and 380mm respectively, the height is 550mm, and the diameter of the second punch 5 is 370 mm; the inner diameters of the large end and the small end of the third die 3 are 520mm and 510mm respectively, the height is 300mm, and the diameter of the third punch 6 is 500 mm. The large end of the mould is upward for each fire, and the inner wall is evenly coated with graphite emulsion for lubrication; the alloy ingot 7 is subjected to soft covering before forging, and is placed in the center of a mold after being discharged; upsetting is carried out through a punch by adopting a 4500-ton quick forging machine, and the blank is punched to be equal to the die in height; transferring the die, and punching again through the punch until the die is filled with the blank; ejecting the blank out of the die by adopting a proper tool, and keeping the temperature of the blank after returning to the furnace to continue the subsequent steps; and (4) sequentially completing three-fire upsetting to obtain a blank, and completing cogging. The billet was dissected and found to have completely fragmented as-cast structure to an equiaxed grain size of less than 200um, as shown in figure 2 for the billet border structure, with a grain size of about grade 5.
Example two
Upsetting and cogging directionally solidified GH4096 alloy cast ingot with phi 175 x 750mm
Upsetting three times for cogging, respectively preheating three sets of dies and three sets of punches within the range of 350 ℃ and 500 ℃, and preheating for more than 3 hours before forging; the inner diameters of the large end and the small end of the first die 1 are 220mm and 210mm respectively, the height is 600mm, and the diameter of the first punch 4 is 200 mm; the inner diameters of the large end and the small end of the second die 2 are 270mm and 260mm respectively, the height is 400mm, and the diameter of the second punch 5 is 250 mm; the inner diameters of the large end and the small end of the third die 3 are 320mm and 310mm respectively, the height is 250mm, and the diameter of the third punch 6 is 300 mm. The large end of the mould is upward for each fire, and the inner wall is evenly coated with graphite emulsion for lubrication; the alloy ingot 7 is subjected to soft covering before forging, and is placed in the center of a mold after being discharged; upsetting is carried out through a punch by adopting a 2500-ton quick forging machine, and the blank is punched to be equal to the die in height; transferring the die, and punching again through the punch until the die is filled with the blank; ejecting the blank out of the die by adopting a proper tool, and keeping the temperature of the blank after returning to the furnace to continue the subsequent steps; and (4) sequentially completing three-fire upsetting to obtain a blank, and completing cogging. The billet was dissected and found to have completely fragmented and transformed the as-cast structure into equiaxed grains less than 200um in size, as shown in figure 3, which is the border structure at the waist of the billet, with grains of about grade 6.
Comparative example: on the basis of the embodiment 1, the design of the first die is changed, so that the ratio delta/D of the height difference between the alloy ingot and the die and the inner diameter of the die is 1.2, the rest is consistent with the method of the embodiment, in the obtained blank, the middle part of the blank is easy to generate serious wrinkles, the head part of the ingot is easy to generate material turning, the material forging process is unstable, the subsequent forging causes serious material loss, and simultaneously, the ideal microstructure is difficult to obtain, fig. 4 shows that the ingot obtained by the comparative example 1 obtains the metallographic structure of a sample at the waist part of the ingot, and a larger area of unrecrystallized structure is found (the cast structure is not subjected to structure breaking and refining).
As is apparent from the above description and examples, the present invention has the following advantages and effects
1. The progressive matching use of the die is beneficial to cast structure crushing and dynamic recrystallization of the cast ingot;
2. effectively eliminating the instability phenomenon of the high-temperature alloy ingot casting with the height-diameter ratio of more than 2.5 in the upsetting process, and obtaining a blank with high quality surface quality;
3. the material utilization rate is improved, the material cost is reduced, and national strategic resources are saved;
4. eliminating bulging and facilitating recrystallization of the texture near the circumferential surface of the blank;
5. the deformation amount can be accurately calculated by upsetting and cogging, the deformation is controllable, and the quality consistency and the stability of cogging batch production are good.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, numerous simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of the specific features in any suitable way, and the invention will not be further described in relation to the various possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition. Such simple modifications and combinations should be considered within the scope of the present disclosure as well.
Claims (12)
1. A forging method of an alloy ingot, which is characterized in that the alloy ingot is cylindrical, and the forging method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing n tubular dies with different inner diameters and n punches which correspond one to one, wherein n is more than or equal to 3;
and step two, sequentially placing the alloy ingots into the die according to the sequence of the inner diameters of the die from small to large, and stamping and upsetting the alloy ingots through the corresponding punches.
2. The forging method of alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein in step two, the die and the corresponding punch are heated to a predetermined temperature and held for a predetermined time; heating the alloy ingot to a forging temperature and then placing the alloy ingot into the die; stamping and upsetting the alloy ingot in the die by using the corresponding punch until the outer periphery of the alloy ingot is matched with the inner periphery of the die; taking out the alloy cast ingot from the mold, preserving the heat of the alloy cast ingot and storing the alloy cast ingot,
and forging the alloy ingot through the steps according to the sequence that the inner diameter of the die is from small to large.
3. The forging method of an alloy ingot according to claim 2, wherein in the second step, a lubricant is applied to an inner wall of the die.
4. The forging method of an alloy ingot according to claim 2, wherein the die comprises a large end and a small end, the inner diameter of the die gradually decreases from the large end to the small end, and in step two, the die is placed with the large end facing upward, the alloy ingot is placed in the die, and the height of the alloy ingot is greater than the height of the die; stamping the alloy ingot from top to bottom by using a quick forging machine through the punch until the alloy ingot is as high as the die in height; and (3) turning the die to enable the small end to face upwards, and stamping and upsetting the alloy ingot by using a quick forging machine through the punch until the outer periphery of the alloy ingot is matched with the inner periphery of the die.
5. The method for forging an alloy ingot according to claim 2, wherein in the second step, the alloy ingot is wrapped with a soft jacket and then placed in the mold.
6. The forging method of an alloy ingot according to claim 5, wherein the soft cover is made of glass fiber cotton, and glass powder is scattered on an inner surface of the soft cover.
7. The method of forging an alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein in step one, three dies and three corresponding punches are prepared, including a first die, a second die, and a third die having successively larger inner diameters, and a first punch, a second punch, and a third punch corresponding to one another.
8. The forging method of an alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the height difference between the alloy ingot and the die to be used is Δ, the inner diameter of the die to be used is D, and the ratio of Δ to D is not more than 1.
9. The method for forging an alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the volume of the alloy ingot is equal to or less than the volume of the die.
10. The forging method for the alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the height to the diameter of the alloy ingot is 2.5 to 5, and the diameter of the alloy ingot is less than 350 mm.
11. The forging method of an alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein the alloy ingot is one of an iron-based superalloy ingot, a nickel-based superalloy ingot, or a cobalt-based superalloy ingot.
12. The forging method of the alloy ingot according to claim 11, wherein the alloy ingot is prepared by an electroslag remelting continuous directional solidification process.
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