CN111276269A - Device and method for verifying aerosol retention efficiency of narrow slit of penetrating piece - Google Patents
Device and method for verifying aerosol retention efficiency of narrow slit of penetrating piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN111276269A CN111276269A CN202010180775.7A CN202010180775A CN111276269A CN 111276269 A CN111276269 A CN 111276269A CN 202010180775 A CN202010180775 A CN 202010180775A CN 111276269 A CN111276269 A CN 111276269A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
- G21C17/002—Detection of leaks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
A device for verifying aerosol retention efficiency of a penetration slot, comprising: a leak container, an aerosol supply, a vapor supply, an electrical penetration, a condensation drying and a plurality of flow meters, wherein: the aerosol supply part and the steam supply part are respectively connected with the input end of the leakage container through the flow meter, and the output end of the leakage container is sequentially connected with the electric penetration piece, the condensation drying part and the flow meter. The method adopts the penetrating piece test piece section to verify the retention efficiency of the aerosol particles by the narrow slit, and is simple and easy to operate; a circulating heating channel is arranged in the leakage container, so that a stable and uniform aerosol environment can be provided for the leakage channel of the penetration piece for a long time; the method of measuring after condensation is adopted, so that the leakage rate of the penetration piece is measured under the conditions of low leakage flow and high water vapor content.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technology in the field of aerosols, in particular to a device and a method for verifying aerosol retention efficiency of a narrow slit of a penetrating piece.
Background
The containment vessel is the last physical barrier for preventing radioactive substances from escaping from the nuclear power plant and should have good sealing performance. However, due to manufacturing processes, overpressure loading or local aging, the containment pressure boundary presents different forms of micro-scale leakage paths, wherein the penetration slot under accident is an important leakage path of the containment. According to the test acceptance standard of each part of the local test of the nuclear power plant, the allowable leakage rate magnitude of each electric penetration piece is close to 0.1L/min on average. In a serious accident, the containment vessel of the nuclear power plant may be overpressurized and disperse the aerosol containing radioactivity in the containment vessel. At the same time, the excess pressure may also cause some of the electrical penetrations to fail, forming a narrow slit leakage path, resulting in the amount of leakage through the penetrations approaching or exceeding the average allowable leakage rate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for verifying aerosol retention efficiency of a narrow slit of a penetrating piece, which are used for researching retention effect of aerosol in the narrow slit of the penetrating piece and providing reference basis for radioactivity release analysis and power plant site selection after nuclear power plant accidents.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a device for verifying aerosol retention efficiency of a narrow slot of a penetrating piece, which comprises: a leak container, an aerosol supply, a vapor supply, an electrical penetration, a condensation drying and a plurality of flow meters, wherein: the aerosol supply part and the steam supply part are respectively connected with the input end of the leakage container through the flow meter, and the output end of the leakage container is sequentially connected with the electric penetration piece, the condensation drying part and the flow meter.
The aerosol supply portion includes: air compressor machine, dust generator and pipe heater, wherein: the gas from the air compressor is divided into two paths, one path is transmitted to the dust generator, and the other path is transmitted to the leakage container through the pipeline heater.
The steam supply part is a water steam generator.
The condensation drying part comprises: condenser pipe, condensation bottle and the desicator that connects gradually, wherein: the condensing bottle is placed in ice water.
And a filter is arranged between the electric penetration piece and the condensation drying part.
The inside of leaking the container be equipped with heater, fan and vertical circulating line, wherein: the heater is arranged at the lower end part of the vertical circulating pipeline, and the fan is arranged in the middle of the vertical circulating pipeline.
The outer layer of the leakage container is provided with a heat insulation layer.
The leakage container is provided with an external interface connected with a particle size spectrometer.
The invention relates to a method for verifying aerosol retention efficiency of a narrow slit of a penetration piece based on the device, which comprises the steps of filling steam-air mixed gas into a leakage container until the pressure in the container reaches a preset pressure, measuring the leakage flow of the narrow slit of the penetration piece, then injecting aerosol particles into the leakage container and maintaining the concentration of the aerosol particles, introducing the proportioned aerosol into the penetration piece, recording the change of the leakage flow, finally weighing the retained aerosol particles and calculating the retention efficiency.
Technical effects
The method integrally solves the problem of measuring the leakage rate of the penetration piece in the environment with high temperature and high water vapor content and verifies the aerosol retention efficiency of the narrow slit of the penetration piece.
Compared with the prior art, the method adopts the penetrating piece test piece section to verify the retention efficiency of the aerosol particles by the narrow slit, and is simple and easy to operate; a circulating heating channel is arranged in the leakage container, so that a stable and uniform aerosol environment can be provided for the leakage channel of the penetration piece for a long time; the method of measuring after condensation is adopted, so that the leakage rate of the penetration piece is measured under the conditions of low leakage flow and high water vapor content.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a leaking container;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an electrical penetration;
in the figure: an aerosol supply part A, a steam supply part B, a condensation drying part C, a first input end a, a second input end B, a first output end C, a second output end d, a third output end e, an air compressor 1, an air filter screen 2, an air regulating valve 3, an air flow meter 4, a carrier gas flow meter 5, a first gate valve 6, a dust generator 7, a second gate valve 8, a pipeline heater 9, an air bypass valve 10, an aerosol supply pipeline gate valve 11 and a water vapor bypass valve 12, the system comprises a water vapor generator 13, a water vapor flow meter 14, a steam supply pipeline stop valve 15, a leakage container 16, an insulating layer 17, an electric penetration piece 18, a pipe wall electric heater 19, a filter 20, a needle valve 21, a condensation pipe 22, a condensation bottle 23, an exhaust valve 24, a dryer 25, a dry type mass flow meter 26, a sampling pipeline needle valve 27, a particle size spectrometer 28, a built-in heater 30, a fan 31 and a vertical circulating pipeline 32.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment relates to a device for verifying aerosol retention efficiency of a narrow slot of a penetration piece, comprising: a leak container 16 having two inputs and three outputs, an aerosol supply a, a vapor supply B, an electrical penetration 18 with a tube wall heater 19, a filter 20, a condensation drying section C, a particle size spectrometer 28, and a plurality of flow meters, wherein: the aerosol supply part A is connected with a first input end a of the leakage container 16 through the air flow meter 4, the steam supply part B is connected with a second input end B of the leakage container 16 through the water vapor flow meter 14, a first output end C of the leakage container 16 is sequentially connected with an electric penetration piece 18, a filter 20, a condensation drying part C and a dry mass flow meter 26, a second output end d of the leakage container 16 is connected with a particle size spectrometer 28 through a sampling line needle valve 27, and a third output end e of the leakage container 16 is an exhaust end and is controlled by an exhaust valve 24.
The aerosol supply part A comprises: air compressor machine 1, air filter 2, dust generator 7 and pipe heater 9, wherein: the gas from the air compressor 1 via the air filter 2, the air regulating valve 3 and the air flow meter 4 is divided into two paths, one path passes through the carrier gas flow meter 5, the first gate valve 6, the dust generator 7 and the second gate valve 8, the other path passes through the pipeline heater 9 and the air bypass valve 10, and the two paths are controlled by the aerosol supply pipeline gate valve 11 to supply aerosol to the leakage container 16.
The steam supply section B is a steam generator 13, and the steam generator 13 supplies steam to the leak container 16 through a steam flow meter 14 and a steam supply line shut-off valve 15.
A water vapor bypass valve 12 is arranged between the aerosol supply part A and the steam supply part B and is used for controlling the water vapor bypass valve.
The filter 20 is connected to a condensation drying part C through a needle valve 21, and the condensation drying part C includes: condenser pipe 22, condensation bottle 23 and desicator 25 that connect gradually, wherein: the condenser bottle 23 is set in ice water, and the dryer is connected to a dry mass flow meter 26.
The outer layer of the leakage container 16 is provided with an insulating layer 17.
The drying agent in the dryer 25 is silica gel.
As shown in fig. 2, the inside of the leakage container 16 is provided with a built-in heater 30, a fan 31, and a vertical circulation duct 32, wherein: the vertical circulating pipeline 32 is fixed through a steel wire, a steel bar support is arranged at the bottom of the vertical circulating pipeline, the built-in heater 30 is arranged at the lower section of the vertical circulating pipeline 32, and the fan 31 is arranged at the middle section of the vertical circulating pipeline 32; the built-in vertical circulation channel 32 is used for weakening the deposition of aerosol particles, and can maintain the uniform concentration of aerosol in the container for a long time; the low leakage rate of the narrow gap of the penetration piece under the aerosol environment with high temperature and high water vapor is obtained by a mode of firstly condensing water vapor and then measuring dry air.
The flow velocity of the gas in the pipe of the built-in vertical circulation channel 32 is about 5 m/s; the output ends c and d are sampling tubules of phi 10.
There are potential leak points at the end tubing connections of the electrical penetration 18 as shown in phantom outline in FIG. 3.
The electric heater 19 is used for compensating the heat dissipated from the leakage container 16.
The measurement range of the dry mass flowmeter 26 is 50-500 ml/min.
The embodiment relates to a method for verifying aerosol retention efficiency of a narrow slit of a penetration piece, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing an aerosol carrier gas environment: filling water vapor-air mixed gas into the leakage container 16, in order to avoid the supercooling condensation of the water vapor, firstly using high-temperature air to discharge the normal-temperature air in the leakage container 16, wherein the high-temperature air is heated to a preset temperature through the pipeline heater 9, then enters the leakage container 16 through the control of the air bypass valve 10, then supplying the air until the internal pressure of the leakage container 16 reaches the air partial pressure value of the aerosol, finally supplying the water vapor to ensure that the internal pressure of the leakage container 16 is equal to the preset pressure, opening a circulation-heating channel in the leakage container 16, and adjusting the electric power of the built-in heater 30 to ensure that the mixed gas and the pressure in the leakage container 16 are stable.
Step two, measuring the leakage flow of the narrow gap of the electric penetration piece 18: the average allowable leakage rate of the single-containment electrical penetration 18 is hundreds of milliliters per minute, the total leakage time is 4 hours, and for the conditions of high temperature of the leaked gas and large water vapor share, after the leaked gas is dried by the condenser pipe 22 and the dryer 25, the gas temperature is reduced, the water vapor is removed, and then the residual dry air flow and the mass of the condensed water in the condenser bottle 23 are measured, so that the leakage rate of the electrical penetration 18 is obtained.
Step three, injecting aerosol particles into the leak container 16 and maintaining a uniform concentration: on the basis that the narrow-slit leakage rate meets the preset requirement, the needle valve 21 is closed, the aerosol supply pipeline gate valve 11 is opened again, solid particles are injected into the leakage container 16, the particle size of the solid particles is 0.5-1.0 um, in order to reduce uneven aerosol concentration distribution caused by solid particle settlement, the built-in circulating heating channel is opened to convey aerosol in the lower area of the leakage container 16 to the upper area, the aerosol particle concentration in the leakage container 16 is measured by a particle size spectrometer 28, the measurement is performed once per hour, the single sampling time is 2min, and the total volume of the sampling gas is ignored compared with the volume of the leakage container 16.
Due to the deposition of aerosol particles in the leak container 16, when the aerosol concentration deviates from the preset value, the aerosol concentration in the container is supplemented to be close to 200mg/m3。
Step four, recording the leakage flow of the electric penetration piece 18: and (3) introducing the proportioned aerosol into the electric penetration assembly 18, recording the change condition of the leakage flow rate by the same measurement method as the step two so as to judge whether the narrow slit of the electric penetration assembly 18 is obviously blocked or not in the operation process.
Step five, calculating the retention efficiency of the aerosol: after the leak test for a total 24 hour period is completed, the aerosol particles within the electrical penetration 18 and filter 20 are sampledWashed with an ethanol solution and weighed according to the formula η*＝m1/(m1+m2) Calculating aerosol retention efficiency, wherein: m is1、m2Mass of retained particles within the electrical penetration 18 and filter 20, respectively, η is the retention efficiency of the electrical penetration 18.
As a practical matter, the water vapor content of 80% and the aerosol concentration of about 200mg/m at a temperature of 150 ℃ and a pressure of 0.4MPag3The leakage rate of the narrow slits of the penetration piece and the aerosol retention efficiency of the narrow slits of the penetration piece under the leakage rate are obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the method can obviously improve the concentration uniformity of the aerosol in the container and obtain low leakage rate of the narrow slot of the penetration piece under high temperature and high water vapor content.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. An apparatus for verifying aerosol retention efficiency of a penetration slot, comprising: a leak container, an aerosol supply, a vapor supply, an electrical penetration, a condensation drying and a plurality of flow meters, wherein: the aerosol supply part and the steam supply part are respectively connected with the input end of the leakage container through flow meters, and the output end of the leakage container is sequentially connected with an electric penetration piece, a condensation drying part and the flow meters;
the aerosol supply portion includes: air compressor machine, dust generator and pipe heater, wherein: the gas delivered by the air compressor is divided into two paths, one path is delivered to the dust generator, and the other path is delivered to the leakage container through the pipeline heater;
the inside of leaking the container be equipped with heater, fan and vertical circulating line, wherein: the heater is arranged at the lower end part of a vertical circulating pipeline for weakening deposition of aerosol particles and maintaining uniform aerosol concentration in the container, and the fan is arranged in the middle of the vertical circulating pipeline.
2. The apparatus as set forth in claim 1, wherein said condensing and drying section comprises: condenser pipe, condensation bottle and the desicator that connects gradually, wherein: the condensing bottle is placed in ice water.
3. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air compressor delivers air which is filtered by an air filter screen.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the electrical feedthrough is provided with a tubular wall electric heater on an outer wall thereof.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein a filter is disposed between the electrical feedthrough and the condensate dryer section.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outer layer of the leakage container is provided with an insulating layer.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the leak container is provided with an external port to which a particle size spectrometer is connected.
8. A method for verifying the efficiency of aerosol retention in a narrow slot of a penetration assembly based on any one of the preceding claims, wherein a leak container is filled with a vapor-air mixture until the internal pressure of the container reaches a predetermined pressure, the leak flow rate of the narrow slot of the penetration assembly is determined, aerosol particles are injected into the leak container while maintaining the concentration of the aerosol particles, a prepared aerosol is introduced into the penetration assembly, the change in the leak flow rate is recorded, and the retained aerosol particles are weighed and the retention efficiency is calculated.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the amount of leakage through the slot is measured by reducing the temperature of the gas and removing water vapor after the leaked gas is dried by passing through the condenser tube and dryer, and measuring the remaining dry air flow and the mass of water condensed in the condenser bottle.
10. The method of claim 8 wherein said retention efficiency is obtained by washing and weighing aerosol particles in the electrical penetration and filter according to the formula η*＝m1/(m1+m2) Calculating, wherein: m is1、m2Mass of trapped particles in the electrical penetration and filter, η respectively*The retention efficiency of the electrical penetration.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113188598A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-30 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Experimental system for researching retention characteristics of radioactive substances in steam generator |
| CN114279929A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-05 | 上海交通大学 | Method for determining aerosol penetration efficiency in geometrically unknown microscale rectangular groove |
| WO2023030358A1 (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-03-09 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Experimental research system and method for retention of aerosol in containment in micro-channel |
| CN116052912A (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-05-02 | 四川晟蔚智能科技有限公司 | Nuclear leakage detection method and system based on aerosol transport analysis |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116052912B (en) * | 2023-04-03 | 2023-06-16 | 四川晟蔚智能科技有限公司 | Nuclear leakage detection method and system based on aerosol transport analysis |
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