CN110797128A - Test system for measuring aerosol concentration and behavior under test condition - Google Patents
Test system for measuring aerosol concentration and behavior under test condition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110797128A CN110797128A CN201911116378.7A CN201911116378A CN110797128A CN 110797128 A CN110797128 A CN 110797128A CN 201911116378 A CN201911116378 A CN 201911116378A CN 110797128 A CN110797128 A CN 110797128A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- aerosol
- test
- test container
- water
- container
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000013102 re-test Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001089 thermophoresis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000100135 Melanthera biflora Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005375 photometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
- G21C17/001—Mechanical simulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aerosol test in a containment, and particularly discloses a test system for measuring the concentration and behavior of aerosol under test conditions. The system comprises a test container, and an aerosol generating system, a water temperature control system, a steam generating system, an aerosol measuring system and a hydrogen combustion system which are simultaneously connected with the test container, wherein the test container is of a cylinder structure with an interlayer on the side wall, and the temperature in the test container is controlled by the water temperature control system; the aerosol generating system can generate aerosol and deliver the aerosol to the test container; the steam generating system can provide saturated steam with fixed temperature for the test container; the hydrogen combustion system generates the required expanded gas flow for the test vessel by controlling the hydrogen combustion. The system can provide test simulation of a real aerosol environment as far as possible, and is convenient for the system to comprehensively carry out test simulation research on the aerosol migration behavior in the passive containment vessel of the third-generation nuclear power plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerosol tests in containment vessels, and particularly relates to a test system for measuring the concentration and behavior of aerosol under test conditions.
Background
In a conventional second generation pressurized water reactor, a dry sealed containment vessel is generally employed. The containment is made of reinforced concrete, and a containment spraying system is specially arranged, so that the pressure and the temperature in the containment can be reduced under the accident condition. The third generation large-scale advanced pressurized water reactor AP1000 is provided with a passive containment cooling system, which comprises a water storage tank integrated with a containment shielding structure, a pipeline for conveying water from the water tank to a containment shell through a flow distribution device, and related instruments, pipelines and valves.
In a nuclear power plant, radioactive substances are released in the form of gas, vapor or aerosol in the event of a serious accident. Among them, aerosol is a solid or liquid particle suspended in gas, is a main carrier for radioactive substance release, and has been paid attention to in the field of safety of severe accidents of reactors, in the processes of diffusion, distribution, deposition, etc. in space.
In a second generation pressurized water reactor containment vessel, the deposition mechanism of aerosol particles is mainly gravity sedimentation, and the deposition mechanisms of thermophoresis, diffusion electrophoresis and Brownian diffusion are relatively secondary. In the third generation advanced pressurized water reactor AP1000, the passive containment cooling system can reduce the temperature of a steel containment, and the containment with the relatively reduced temperature forms a cold wall, so that the temperature gradient of the solid surface and the air space is enhanced, the steam condensation in the containment is enhanced, the thermophoresis and diffusion electrophoresis deposition effects of aerosol are influenced, and the deposition condition of the aerosol in the containment is further influenced.
At present, aerosol tests carried out at home and abroad mainly take the second generation pressurized water reactor containment as a research object. Containment vessel models adopted in aerosol behavior tests in containment vessels of nuclear power plants under the condition of serious accidents in research of countries in the world are shown as follows.
1、DEMONA
The DEMONA test was sponsored by the German Federal research technology department (BMFT) and the United states nuclear Congress (USNRC) and was conducted on a Battelle containment simulation test rig to study the natural removal of aerosols from the containment vessel in the event of a molten PWR core. The volume of a reinforced concrete structural containment model used in the test is 626m3, which is similar to the shape of a German pressurized water reactor containment. The interior is divided into a plurality of compartments. Steam is injected near the bottom to maintain pressure so that the containment gas space is better mixed.
The main characteristics of the test are as follows: (1) the multi-compartment has different thermal hydraulic conditions; (2) considering local condensation and its effect on aerosol deposition; (3) behavior of insoluble aerosol and hygroscopic aerosol in saturated steam and supersaturated steam environment; (4) effect of hydrogen deflagration on aerosol behavior (dry resuspension).
The Battelle safety shell model is of a reinforced concrete structure and is divided into 9 compartments, and the compartments are connected through openings. Steam was injected at the start of the test to heat the containment vessel and hygroscopic NaOH aerosol was generated by 3 plasma torches and injected into the compartments at two non-adjacent time periods respectively.
Remote controlled filter stations were located at 7 positions in the safety housing model to measure aerosol concentration and particle size distribution. 12 filter samples were set up for each station, 8 of which measured the change in aerosol concentration over time and 4 additional filter samples measured the aerosol particle size distribution. Aerosol concentration can be derived by weighing the filter deposit and measuring the volume of air flow through the filter. Typical measurement errors are 12% to 30% of the measured value. To obtain a particle size distribution, 4 filters must deposit a relatively small amount of aerosol material (less than a monolayer of particles). The filters were observed using a scanning electron microscope and the particle number distribution and mass distribution were calculated using semi-automated optical methods (assuming that the deposited particles were all spherical).
2、KAEVER
The KAEVER project, conducted in 1993-1997 at Battelle institute in frankfurt, germany, was primarily investigating the aerosol deposition behavior under different thermohydraulic conditions when the core of a light water reactor is melted. The test device is a steel horizontal cylindrical container with the volume of 10.595m3The container has a heat insulating layer covering most of its outer surface and an insulating layer between the heat insulating layer and the wall of the steel container. The test pressure range is 1.06 ℃3.5bar, the temperature range is 85-100 ℃.
The crucible containing the aerosol material to be vaporized is heated, and as the material vaporizes, an aerosol is produced. Nitrogen was used as the aerosol carrier for transport to the test vessel and the gas flow was monitored in real time. The aerosol sample was extracted using a sampling line. Filter analysis can give the concentration and particle size distribution of the dried particles. Furthermore, the sample of the impactor can also give the particle size distribution of the aerosol. The photometric measurements have 12 different spectral wavelengths, which give the concentration size and particle size distribution in the gas space.
3、ThAI
ThAI test facilities (Thermal Hydraulics, Aerosol, Iodine) located in Eschborn, Germany, were run since 1998 to provide experimental data for validation of lumped parameter and computational fluid dynamics containment analysis programs. The body of the ThAI plant is a 60m3 stainless steel vessel 9.2m high and 3.2m in diameter. Can be operated under the working conditions of 180 ℃ and 1.4MPa, and can bear the mild hydrogen deflagration. The container may be divided into compartments by movable internals. The cylindrical portion of the container was fitted with three separate heating/cooling jackets for controlling wall temperature, and the outer surface of the container and the heating/cooling jackets were heat insulated with asbestos. The top is provided with a large flange and two manholes. Five height and circumferential position measurement flanges may be fitted with in-situ optics and conventional instrumentation or sampling lines. The supply system can inject steam, air, gas (helium or hydrogen), iodine or aerosol at multiple locations.
The above 3 types are the existing aerosol behavior test system and test method under the more typical serious accident condition. The test systems all comprise containment vessel models, aerosol generation and measurement systems and the like, but the containment vessel models all take a second-generation pressurized water reactor containment vessel as a research object and cannot be used for simulating a passive containment vessel cooling system of the AP1000 of a third-generation nuclear power plant, so that a new test system needs to be designed for testing.
In addition, no consideration is given to the control of the wall surface temperature except for the THAI facility. THAI, however, only designs an independent heating/cooling jacket, and cannot cope with heat dissipation under the condition of condensation of a large amount of steam.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test system for measuring the concentration and behavior of aerosol under test conditions, and solves the problem of experimental measurement of the behavior of the aerosol in a containment vessel under passive cooling.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a test system for measuring the concentration and behavior of aerosol under the retest condition comprises a test container, and an aerosol generating system, a water temperature control system, a steam generating system, an aerosol measuring system and a hydrogen combustion system which are simultaneously connected with the test container, wherein the test container is of a cylinder structure with a sandwich layer on the side wall, and the temperature in the test container is controlled by the water temperature control system; the aerosol generating system can generate aerosol and deliver the aerosol to the test container; the steam generating system can provide saturated steam with fixed temperature for the test container; the hydrogen combustion system generates required expanded airflow for the test container by controlling the hydrogen combustion; the aerosol measurement system comprises an aerosol sampling measurement module and a filter membrane collecting measurement module, and the particle size distribution of the aerosol is obtained through the sampling measurement module; and analyzing the quality and the composition of the aerosol generated secondarily by combining a weighing method and a scanning electron microscope observation by using a filter membrane collecting and measuring module.
Cooling water can be circulated in an interlayer between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the test container to form a water jacket structure, and the temperature of the inner wall of the test container is controlled; the water jacket structure between the inner wall and the outer wall of the side wall of the test container is an upper-middle-lower three-layer structure, and cooling fluids in the three-layer water jackets can be separately controlled.
The test container is connected with a water temperature control system, the water temperature control system comprises a heat exchanger, a water filter, an inner heater and an air cooler, one end of the heat exchanger is connected with the water filter and the inner heater through pipelines respectively and then is connected with a water jacket water inlet at the lower end of the outer side wall of the test container, the other end of the heat exchanger is connected with a water jacket water outlet at the upper end of the outer side wall of the test container through a pressure stabilizer, the heat exchange end of the heat exchanger is connected with the air cooler, and heat in the heat exchanger is exchanged by cooling media circulated in the pipelines of the air.
The pressure stabilizer is arranged at the highest position of the water jacket cooling loop in the test container, and is communicated with the top pressure of the nitrogen cylinder and used for maintaining the pressure in the water jacket loop to be constant; the heat exchanger is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger which is matched with the air cooler and the internal heater to control the temperature of the cooling medium by the water jacket in the test container.
The steam generating system comprises a steam generator and a water replenishing tank, wherein the steam generator is a cylindrical stainless steel container, and a heater is arranged in the steam generator and can generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam; the steam generator is connected with a hand hole at the lower part of the test container through a steam supply pipeline, and is introduced to the lower part of the water jacket area of the test container by using a long pipe, and a baffle plate is arranged at the pipe orifice and used for steam diversion; the water replenishing tank is connected with the steam generator through a water pump and supplies deionized water for the steam generator through the water replenishing tank.
The aerosol sampling and measuring module comprises optical particle counters, condensation nucleus counters, cascade impact samplers, differential electric mobility counters and an optical particle size spectrometer, wherein a plurality of the optical particle counters are arranged at different positions of the test container in height, middle and low positions, and the quantity and concentration of aerosol in the test container in the process of resuspension and re-entrainment test are measured through sampling tubes arranged on side flanges, and aerosol sampling representativeness in the container is analyzed; the condensation nucleus counter measures the number concentration of re-entrained generated particles by using a sampling tube arranged in the area near the surface of the electric heating water pool; the cascade impact sampler, the differential electric mobility counter and the optical particle size spectrometer are arranged in the upper area of the aerosol resuspension sample and the re-entrainment water pool to obtain the particle size distribution of the aerosol.
The aerosol sampling and measuring module comprises a sampling buffer device at the rear end of an aerosol sampling pipe, and can dilute the sampling gas by 1: 10-1: 100 and measure the sampling gas by other existing aerosol measuring equipment.
The filter membrane collecting and measuring module comprises a filter membrane and a filter membrane clamp, wherein the filter membrane is fixed in the filter membrane clamp and is arranged at the rear end of a sampling tube, the sampling tube is positioned above an aerosol resuspension test disc or a re-clamping module, a manual variable frequency pump at the rear end is matched to collect aerosol released again by the two mechanisms, and the quality and the composition of the aerosol generated secondarily are analyzed by utilizing a weighing method and a scanning electron microscope to observe and analyze the combined mode.
Aerosol measurement system still include visual observation module, visual observation module include high-speed camera, ordinary surveillance camera head, lighting apparatus, data transmission and storage device, wherein, high-speed camera be temperature resistant, withstand voltage, dampproofing, the high-speed camera of the industry of shock-resistant, it can record in the experiment of smuggleing again, bubble size and the electric heating pond surface cracked bubble size of bubble rising stage in the electric heating pond help the observation experiment in the bubble to smuggleing again the influence of aerosol secondary generation in.
The hydrogen combustion system comprises a hydrogen and oxygen premixing container, a combustion tube controller and a flowmeter, wherein the hydrogen and oxygen premixing container is connected to the test container through the combustion tube controller and the flowmeter; the hydrogen-oxygen premixing container can mix hydrogen and oxygen in a certain proportion, a combustion tube controller is utilized to input a gas mixture into a vacuumized hydrogen combustion tube according to the pressure required by a test, an ignition device is utilized to ignite, expanded hot gas is sprayed out through a nozzle of the combustion tube, and the volume ratio and the injection amount of the hydrogen and the oxygen are controlled to control the generated pressure spike and the flow rate of the expanded hot gas.
The system also comprises a hydrogen concentration monitoring module which is directly arranged on the test container and used for measuring the hydrogen concentration in the test container.
The aerosol generation system comprises an aerosol generation module and a nitrogen bottle, wherein the aerosol generation module is directly connected with the test container, the nitrogen bottle is directly connected with the aerosol generation module, the aerosol in the aerosol generation module is conveyed into the test container by taking compressed gas in the nitrogen bottle as a current-carrying gas, and the compressed gas with the pressure of 2-4 bar is stored in the nitrogen bottle.
The invention has the following remarkable effects: the test system for measuring the concentration and the behavior of the aerosol under the test condition can systematically and comprehensively carry out test model research on the migration behavior of the aerosol in the passive containment vessel of the third-generation nuclear power plant, and better simulate the steel containment vessel of AP1000 by utilizing the water-cooled double-layer containment vessel, thereby providing test simulation of a real aerosol environment and facilitating the development of aerosol behavior tests under serious accident conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a test system for determining aerosol concentration and behavior under test conditions according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a nitrogen gas cylinder; 2. an aerosol generating module; 3. a hydrogen concentration monitoring module; 4. an exhaust gas treatment module; 5. a pressure relief module; 6. an aerosol measurement system; 7. a water replenishing tank; 8. a steam generator; 9. filtering water; 10. a collection tank; 11. a water jacket water inlet; 12. an internal heater; 13. a water filter; 14. a heat exchanger; 15. a voltage regulator; 16. a water outlet of the water jacket; 17. an air cooler; 18. a hydrogen-oxygen premixing container; 19. a burner tube controller; 20. a flow meter; 21. and (4) testing the container.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a test system for measuring the concentration and behavior of aerosol under test conditions comprises a test container 21, an aerosol generating system, a water temperature control system, a steam generating system, a waste gas and waste liquid collecting system and a hydrogen combustion system, wherein the test container 21 is a stainless steel cylindrical structure and can bear mild hydrogen combustion, the side wall of the test container 21 is a double-layer structure, and cooling water can flow through an interlayer between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface to form a water jacket structure for cooling the inner wall of the test container 21; the water jackets between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the test container 21 form an upper-layer, middle-layer and lower-layer structure, cooling loops can be respectively arranged in the three layers of water jackets, and cooling fluids in the three layers of water jackets can be respectively controlled; the test container 21 is provided with a plurality of flange holes and is respectively connected with an aerosol generating system, a water temperature control system, a steam generating system, a waste gas and waste liquid collecting system, a hydrogen combustion system and an aerosol measuring system 6, wherein the water temperature control system comprises a heat exchanger 14, a water filter 13, an internal heater 12 and an air cooler 17, one end of the heat exchanger 14 is respectively connected with the water filter 13 and the internal heater 12 through pipelines and then is connected with a water jacket water inlet 11 at the lower end of the outer side wall of the test container 21, the other end of the heat exchanger 14 is connected with a water jacket water outlet 16 at the upper end of the outer side wall of the test container 21 through a voltage stabilizer 15, the heat exchange end of the heat exchanger 14 is connected with the air cooler 17, and heat in; the pressure stabilizer 15 is arranged at the highest position of the water jacket cooling loop in the test container 21, and the pressure stabilizer 15 is communicated with the top pressure of the nitrogen cylinder and is used for maintaining the pressure in the water jacket loop to be constant; the heat exchanger 14 is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and cooperates with the air cooler 17 and the internal heater 12 to control the temperature of the cooling medium in the water jacket of the test container 21.
The steam generating system comprises a steam generator 8 and a water replenishing tank 7, wherein the steam generator 8 is a cylindrical stainless steel container, and a heater is arranged in the steam generator 8 and can generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam; the steam generator 8 is connected with a hand hole at the lower part of the test container 21 through a steam supply pipeline, and is introduced to the lower part of the water jacket area of the test container 21 by a long pipe, and a baffle plate is arranged at the pipe orifice and used for steam diversion; the water replenishing tank 7 is connected with the steam generator 8 through a water pump, and deionized water is supplied to the steam generator 8 through the water replenishing tank 7.
The waste gas and waste liquid collecting system comprises a waste gas treatment module 4, a pressure relief module 5 and a collecting tank 10, wherein the collecting tank 10 is installed at the lower end of a test container 21 through a pipeline and an electromagnetic valve, the collecting amount of condensed water is judged through reading of a liquid level meter below the test container 21, and the condensed water at the lower end of the test container 21 is collected by the collecting tank 10 by opening the electromagnetic valve; the collecting tank 10 is connected with a water replenishing tank 7 in the steam generating system through a water filter 9, and condensed water in the test container 21 is fed back into the water replenishing tank; the waste gas treatment module 4 is connected with the test container 21 through the pressure relief module 5, wherein the waste gas treatment module 4 comprises a cyclone separator and a high-efficiency filter, and can purify waste gas and prevent aerosol generated in the test process from polluting the environment and damaging the health of test personnel.
The aerosol measurement system 6 comprises an aerosol sampling measurement module, a filter membrane collecting measurement module and a visual observation module, wherein the aerosol sampling measurement module comprises a sampling buffer device at the rear end of an aerosol sampling pipe, and can dilute the sampling gas by 1: 10-1: 100 and measure the sampling gas by measurement equipment; the aerosol sampling and measuring module further comprises an optical particle counter, a condensation nucleus counter, a cascade impact type sampler, a differential electric mobility counter and an optical particle size spectrometer, wherein the optical particle counters are arranged at different positions of the test container in height, middle and low positions, the quantity and concentration of the aerosol in the test container in the process of resuspension and entrainment test are measured through sampling tubes arranged on side flanges, and the sampling representativeness of the aerosol in the container is analyzed; the condensation nucleus counter measures the number concentration of the re-entrained generated particles by using a sampling tube arranged in the area near the surface of the electric heating water pool; the cascade impact sampler, the differential electric mobility counter and the optical particle size spectrometer are arranged in the upper area of the aerosol resuspension sample and the re-entrainment water pool to obtain the particle size distribution of the aerosol. The filter membrane collecting and measuring module comprises a filter membrane and a filter membrane clamp, wherein the filter membrane is fixed in the filter membrane clamp and is installed at the rear end of a sampling tube, the sampling tube is positioned above an aerosol resuspension test disc or a re-clamping module, a manual variable frequency pump at the rear end is matched to collect aerosol released again by the two mechanisms, and the quality and the composition of the aerosol generated secondarily are analyzed by utilizing a weighing method and a scanning electron microscope to observe and analyze the combined mode. Visual observation module includes high-speed camera, ordinary surveillance camera head, lighting apparatus, data transmission and storage device, and wherein, high-speed camera is the high-speed camera of temperature resistant, withstand voltage, dampproofing, the high-speed camera of industry of shock-resistant, and it can take notes in the experiment of smuggleing again, and the bubble size of bubble rising stage and the cracked bubble size in electric heating pond surface in the electric heating pond help the influence of bubble to smuggleing aerosol secondary generation in the observation experiment again.
The hydrogen combustion system comprises a hydrogen and oxygen premixing container 18, a combustion tube controller 19 and a flowmeter 20, wherein the hydrogen and oxygen premixing container 18 is connected to a test container 21 through the combustion tube controller 19 and the flowmeter 20, the hydrogen and oxygen premixing container 18 can mix hydrogen and oxygen in a certain proportion, the combustion tube controller 19 is used for inputting a gas mixture into a vacuumized hydrogen combustion tube according to the pressure required by the test, an ignition device is used for ignition, expanded hot gas is sprayed out through a nozzle of the combustion tube, the generated pressure spike and the flow rate of the expanded hot gas are controlled by controlling the volume ratio and the injection amount of the hydrogen and the oxygen, the test utilizes the combustion tube to generate required expanded air flow, and the bottom of the combustion tube aims at a sample or the wall surface of the container to spray gas so as to generate aerosol resuspension phenomenon;
the hydrogen concentration monitoring module 3 is directly connected to the test container 21 and can be used for measuring the hydrogen concentration inside the test container 21.
The aerosol generation system comprises an aerosol generation module 1 and a nitrogen cylinder 2, wherein the aerosol generation module 1 is directly connected with a test container 21, the nitrogen cylinder 2 is directly connected with the aerosol generation module 1, compressed gas in the nitrogen cylinder 2 serves as current carrying, aerosol in the aerosol generation module 1 is conveyed into the test container, and compressed gas with 2-4 bar pressure is stored in the nitrogen cylinder 2.
Claims (12)
1. A test system for determining aerosol concentration and behavior under retest conditions, comprising: the system comprises a test container (21), and an aerosol generating system, a water temperature control system, a steam generating system, an aerosol measuring system (6) and a hydrogen combustion system which are simultaneously connected with the test container (21), wherein the test container (21) is of a cylinder structure with an interlayer on the side wall, and the temperature in the test container (21) is controlled by the water temperature control system; the aerosol generating system can generate aerosol and deliver the aerosol to a test container (21); the steam generating system can provide saturated steam with fixed temperature for the test container (21); the hydrogen combustion system generates required expanded airflow for the test container (21) by controlling the hydrogen combustion; the aerosol measurement system (6) comprises an aerosol sampling measurement module and a filter membrane collecting measurement module, and the particle size distribution of the aerosol is obtained through the sampling measurement module; and analyzing the quality and the composition of the aerosol generated secondarily by combining a weighing method and a scanning electron microscope observation by using a filter membrane collecting and measuring module.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the aerosol concentration and behavior under retest conditions are determined by: cooling water can flow through an interlayer between the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of the test container (21) to form a water jacket structure, and the temperature of the inner wall of the test container (21) is controlled; the water jacket structure between the inner wall and the outer wall of the side wall of the test container (21) is an upper-middle-lower three-layer structure, and cooling fluids in the three-layer water jackets can be controlled independently.
3. A test system for determining aerosol concentration and behaviour under re-test conditions according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that: the test container (21) is connected with a water temperature control system, the water temperature control system comprises a heat exchanger (14), a water filter (13), an inner heater (12) and an air cooler (17), one end of the heat exchanger (14) is connected with the water filter (13) and the inner heater (12) through pipelines respectively and then is connected with a water jacket water inlet (11) at the lower end of the outer side wall of the test container (21), the other end of the heat exchanger (14) is connected with a water jacket water outlet (16) at the upper end of the outer side wall of the test container (21) through a voltage stabilizer (15), the heat exchange end of the heat exchanger (14) is connected with the air cooler (17), and heat in the heat exchanger (14) is exchanged by a cooling medium circulated through the air cooler pipeline.
4. A test system for determining aerosol concentration and behaviour under retest conditions according to claim 3, wherein: the pressure stabilizer (15) is arranged at the highest position of the water jacket cooling loop in the test container (21), and the pressure stabilizer (15) is communicated with the top pressure of the nitrogen cylinder and is used for maintaining the pressure in the water jacket loop to be constant; the heat exchanger (14) is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, and is matched with the air cooler (17) and the internal heater (12) to control the temperature of a cooling medium in a water jacket in the test container (21).
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the aerosol concentration and behavior under retest conditions are determined by: the steam generation system comprises a steam generator (8) and a water replenishing tank (7), wherein the steam generator (8) is a cylindrical stainless steel container, and a heater is arranged in the steam generator and can generate high-temperature and high-pressure steam; the steam generator (8) is connected with a hand hole at the lower part of the test container (21) through a steam supply pipeline, and is introduced to the lower part of a water jacket area of the test container (21) through a long pipe, and a baffle plate is arranged at the pipe orifice and used for steam diversion; the water replenishing tank (7) is connected with the steam generator (8) through a water pump, and deionized water is supplied to the steam generator (8) through the water replenishing tank (7).
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the aerosol concentration and behavior under retest conditions are determined by: the aerosol sampling and measuring module comprises optical particle counters, condensation nucleus counters, cascade impact samplers, differential electric mobility counters and an optical particle size spectrometer, wherein a plurality of the optical particle counters are arranged at different positions of the test container in height, middle and low positions, and the quantity and concentration of aerosol in the test container in the process of resuspension and re-entrainment test are measured through sampling tubes arranged on side flanges, and aerosol sampling representativeness in the container is analyzed; the condensation nucleus counter measures the number concentration of re-entrained generated particles by using a sampling tube arranged in the area near the surface of the electric heating water pool; the cascade impact sampler, the differential electric mobility counter and the optical particle size spectrometer are arranged in the upper area of the aerosol resuspension sample and the re-entrainment water pool to obtain the particle size distribution of the aerosol.
7. A test system for determining aerosol concentration and behaviour under re-test conditions according to claim 1 or 6, characterised in that: the aerosol sampling and measuring module comprises a sampling buffer device at the rear end of an aerosol sampling pipe, and can dilute the sampling gas by 1: 10-1: 100 and measure the sampling gas by other existing aerosol measuring equipment.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the aerosol concentration and behavior under retest conditions are determined by: the filter membrane collecting and measuring module comprises a filter membrane and a filter membrane clamp, wherein the filter membrane is fixed in the filter membrane clamp and is arranged at the rear end of a sampling tube, the sampling tube is positioned above an aerosol resuspension test disc or a re-clamping module, a manual variable frequency pump at the rear end is matched to collect aerosol released again by the two mechanisms, and the quality and the composition of the aerosol generated secondarily are analyzed by utilizing a weighing method and a scanning electron microscope to observe and analyze the combined mode.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the aerosol concentration and behavior under retest conditions are determined by: aerosol measurement system (6) still include visual observation module, visual observation module include high-speed camera, ordinary surveillance camera head, lighting apparatus, data transmission and storage device, wherein, high-speed camera be temperature resistant, withstand voltage, dampproofing, the high-speed camera of the industry of shock-resistant, it can record and smuggle experimental again, bubble size and the electric heating pond surface cracked bubble size of bubble rising stage in the electric heating pond help the observation experiment in the bubble to smuggleing the influence of aerosol secondary generation again.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the aerosol concentration and behavior under retest conditions are determined by: the hydrogen combustion system comprises a hydrogen and oxygen premixing container (18), a combustion tube controller (19) and a flow meter (20), wherein the hydrogen and oxygen premixing container (18) is connected to a test container (21) through the combustion tube controller (19) and the flow meter (20); the hydrogen-oxygen premixing container (18) can mix hydrogen and oxygen in a certain proportion, a combustion tube controller (19) is utilized to input a gas mixture into the vacuumized hydrogen combustion tube according to the pressure required by the test, an ignition device is utilized to ignite, expanded hot gas is sprayed out through a nozzle of the combustion tube, and the generated pressure spike and the flow rate of the expanded hot gas are controlled by controlling the volume ratio and the injection amount of the hydrogen and the oxygen.
11. A test system for determining aerosol concentration and behaviour under retest conditions according to claim 10, wherein: the system also comprises a hydrogen concentration monitoring module (3), wherein the hydrogen concentration monitoring module (3) is directly arranged on the test container (21) and is used for measuring the hydrogen concentration inside the test container (21).
12. The system of claim 1, wherein the aerosol concentration and behavior under retest conditions are determined by: the aerosol generation system comprises an aerosol generation module (1) and a nitrogen cylinder (2), wherein the aerosol generation module (1) is directly connected with a test container (21), the nitrogen cylinder (2) is directly connected with the aerosol generation module (1), compressed gas in the aerosol generation module (1) is used as current carrying, and the compressed gas with 2-4 bar pressure is stored in the nitrogen cylinder (2).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911116378.7A CN110797128A (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2019-11-15 | Test system for measuring aerosol concentration and behavior under test condition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911116378.7A CN110797128A (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2019-11-15 | Test system for measuring aerosol concentration and behavior under test condition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110797128A true CN110797128A (en) | 2020-02-14 |
Family
ID=69444628
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911116378.7A Pending CN110797128A (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2019-11-15 | Test system for measuring aerosol concentration and behavior under test condition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110797128A (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111276269A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-06-12 | 上海交通大学 | Device and method for verifying aerosol retention efficiency of narrow slit of penetrating piece |
| CN111579313A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-25 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Portable aerosol sampling device |
| CN111736204A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-10-02 | 南京理工大学 | Aerosol radioactivity monitoring device and measuring method |
| CN112557108A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-26 | 山东大学 | Jet type ocean spray aerosol simulation generation device and method |
| CN112666049A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-04-16 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Platform and method for simulating multi-compartment transportation of aerosol in post-treatment fire accident |
| CN113188852A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-30 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Sampling and measuring device for micro-nano aerosol in different environments |
| CN113990171A (en) * | 2021-10-31 | 2022-01-28 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一八研究所 | Test device for simulating hydrogen deflagration environment of severe accident of nuclear power station |
| CN114220578A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-22 | 上海交通大学 | Experimental evaluation method for condensation removal speed of aerosol steam in steel containment space |
| CN114252376A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-29 | 上海交通大学 | System and method for testing multiple single-item migration mechanisms of aerosol |
| CN114295524A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 暨南大学 | Device and method for measuring multi-phase relative humidity and non-dry system aerosol hygroscopicity |
| WO2023030358A1 (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-03-09 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Experimental research system and method for retention of aerosol in containment in micro-channel |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005003484A (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2005-01-06 | Natl Inst Of Radiological Sciences | Simulated environmental test system |
| CN104392753A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-03-04 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Experimental system used for simulating severe accident conditions of containment of nuclear power plant, and implementation method thereof |
| CN106568887A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Experimental device for research on hydrogen combustion in nuclear power plant containment shell |
| CN206893306U (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-01-16 | 国核华清（北京）核电技术研发中心有限公司 | For nuclear power plant containment shell performance test and the contracting proportion composite experimental rig of research |
| CN109187289A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2019-01-11 | 清华大学 | A kind of aerosol electromobility partial size spectral measurement system and method |
| CN109342492A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of experimental provision and its experimental method for the liquid-pool surface bubbles burst behavioral trait research containing aerosol |
| CN211654328U (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-10-09 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Test system for measuring aerosol concentration and behavior under test condition |
-
2019
- 2019-11-15 CN CN201911116378.7A patent/CN110797128A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005003484A (en) * | 2003-06-11 | 2005-01-06 | Natl Inst Of Radiological Sciences | Simulated environmental test system |
| CN104392753A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-03-04 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Experimental system used for simulating severe accident conditions of containment of nuclear power plant, and implementation method thereof |
| CN106568887A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Experimental device for research on hydrogen combustion in nuclear power plant containment shell |
| CN206893306U (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-01-16 | 国核华清（北京）核电技术研发中心有限公司 | For nuclear power plant containment shell performance test and the contracting proportion composite experimental rig of research |
| CN109187289A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2019-01-11 | 清华大学 | A kind of aerosol electromobility partial size spectral measurement system and method |
| CN109342492A (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-02-15 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of experimental provision and its experimental method for the liquid-pool surface bubbles burst behavioral trait research containing aerosol |
| CN211654328U (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-10-09 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Test system for measuring aerosol concentration and behavior under test condition |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| S. GUPTA 等: "THAI test facility for experimental research on hydrogen and fissionproduct behaviour in light water reactor containments", NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN, 24 October 2015 (2015-10-24), pages 183 - 201 * |
| 孙雪霆;陈林林;史晓磊;肖增光;魏严凇;季松涛;: "严重事故下水蒸气凝结对气溶胶扩散泳影响研究", 原子能科学技术, no. 01, 20 January 2017 (2017-01-20) * |
| 肖增光;孙雪霆;陈林林;史晓磊;魏严凇;: "安全壳内气溶胶沉积试验的浓度测点设计", 核安全, no. 01, 30 March 2017 (2017-03-30) * |
| 陈林林;孙雪霆;魏严凇;史晓磊;肖增光;季松涛;: "安全壳内气溶胶扩散泳行为的试验方法研究", 辐射防护, no. 01, 20 January 2017 (2017-01-20), pages 45 - 49 * |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111276269A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2020-06-12 | 上海交通大学 | Device and method for verifying aerosol retention efficiency of narrow slit of penetrating piece |
| CN111579313A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2020-08-25 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Portable aerosol sampling device |
| CN111736204A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-10-02 | 南京理工大学 | Aerosol radioactivity monitoring device and measuring method |
| CN111736204B (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2024-01-09 | 南京理工大学 | Aerosol radioactivity monitoring device and measuring method |
| CN112557108A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-03-26 | 山东大学 | Jet type ocean spray aerosol simulation generation device and method |
| CN112666049A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-04-16 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Platform and method for simulating multi-compartment transportation of aerosol in post-treatment fire accident |
| CN112666049B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2024-03-01 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Platform and method for simulating aerosol multi-compartment transportation of post-treatment fire accident |
| CN113188852A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-07-30 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Sampling and measuring device for micro-nano aerosol in different environments |
| WO2023030358A1 (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2023-03-09 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Experimental research system and method for retention of aerosol in containment in micro-channel |
| CN113990171A (en) * | 2021-10-31 | 2022-01-28 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一八研究所 | Test device for simulating hydrogen deflagration environment of severe accident of nuclear power station |
| CN113990171B (en) * | 2021-10-31 | 2023-11-07 | 中国船舶集团有限公司第七一八研究所 | Test device for simulating hydrogen deflagration environment of severe accident of nuclear power station |
| WO2023109201A1 (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-06-22 | 上海交通大学 | Experimental evaluation method for rate of removal of aerosol in steel containment space by means of vapor condensation |
| CN114220578A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-22 | 上海交通大学 | Experimental evaluation method for condensation removal speed of aerosol steam in steel containment space |
| CN114252376B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-11-08 | 上海交通大学 | System and method for testing multiple single-item migration mechanisms of aerosol |
| CN114252376A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-29 | 上海交通大学 | System and method for testing multiple single-item migration mechanisms of aerosol |
| CN114295524B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-10-27 | 暨南大学 | Device and method for measuring aerosol hygroscopicity of multi-phase relative humidity and non-drying system |
| CN114295524A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 暨南大学 | Device and method for measuring multi-phase relative humidity and non-dry system aerosol hygroscopicity |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110797128A (en) | Test system for measuring aerosol concentration and behavior under test condition | |
| CN110793895B (en) | Method for measuring aerosol concentration and behavior under test condition | |
| Allelein et al. | COCOSYS: status of development and validation of the German containment code system | |
| CN211654328U (en) | Test system for measuring aerosol concentration and behavior under test condition | |
| Paladino et al. | Toward a CFD-grade database addressing LWR containment phenomena | |
| CN105551542B (en) | A kind of water cooling containment simulator | |
| CN105719708A (en) | T-shaped tube entrainment test system and method based on fourth-level depressurization system of reactor | |
| CN114220578B (en) | Experimental evaluation method for condensation removal speed of aerosol steam in steel containment space | |
| CN110473639B (en) | Device for researching dust deposition behavior | |
| Kumar et al. | Development and validation of a methodology for characterization of sodium aerosols in cover gas region | |
| CN205334972U (en) | Water -cooling containment analogue means | |
| Hilliard et al. | REMOVAL OF IODINE AND PARTICLES FROM CONTAINMENT ATMOSPHERES BY SPRAYS: CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS EXPERIMENT INTERIM REPORT. | |
| CN211319736U (en) | Containment simulation device for aerosol test | |
| CN105869686B (en) | Presurized water reactor containment part compartment hydrogen flows distribution character experimental provision | |
| CN108279095A (en) | A kind of people's air defense gas-particulate filter tracer penetrates verifying attachment and detection method | |
| Vázquez-Rodríguez et al. | Assessment of the depressurization and mixing effects of two spray systems in the PANDA facility, part I–Experimental results | |
| Güntay et al. | Aerosol Trapping in Steam Generator (ARTIST): an investigation of aerosol and iodine behaviour in the secondary side of a steam generator | |
| Studer et al. | Stratification break-up by a diffuse buoyant jet a CFD benchmark exercise | |
| CN112820426A (en) | Containment simulation device for aerosol test | |
| Jain et al. | Experimental investigation of iodine removal and containment depressurization in containment spray system test facility of 700 MWe Indian pressurized heavy water reactors | |
| Cantore | Qualification of Tritium Extraction System from Pb-15.7 Li in TRIEX-II Facility | |
| Gao et al. | Aerosol pool scrubbing phenomena during the containment depressurization venting. Part Ⅱ: Test facility and test result | |
| Gupta et al. | Instrumentation for LWR containment experiments under accident conditions | |
| Oh et al. | Isothermal Air Ingress Validation Experiments at Idaho National Laboratory: Description and Summary of Data | |
| Mignot et al. | Performance of Hydrogen Mitigation Systems for a Scaled Accident Scenario: Overview of ERCOSAM Project Experimental Results for the PANDA Facility |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |