CN111273404B - 一种两模端面耦合器 - Google Patents

一种两模端面耦合器 Download PDF

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CN111273404B
CN111273404B CN202010271792.1A CN202010271792A CN111273404B CN 111273404 B CN111273404 B CN 111273404B CN 202010271792 A CN202010271792 A CN 202010271792A CN 111273404 B CN111273404 B CN 111273404B
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CN111273404A (zh
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何祖源
沈微宏
杜江兵
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Shanghai Weilande Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2808Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs
    • G02B6/2813Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs based on multimode interference effect, i.e. self-imaging
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12007Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12007Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
    • G02B6/12009Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides
    • G02B6/12016Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides characterised by the input or output waveguides, e.g. tapered waveguide ends, coupled together pairs of output waveguides
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12133Functions
    • G02B2006/12147Coupler
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12133Functions
    • G02B2006/12159Interferometer

Abstract

本发明公开了一种两模端面耦合器,解决了目前模分复用的集成光子芯片无法实现与光纤结合的模式复用传输,其技术方案要点是包括有一两模输入波导、一多模干涉仪、三个逆向拉锥波导、一上包层波导;所述上包层波导覆盖于所述逆向拉锥波导的上方;还包括有连接于两模输入波导和多模干涉仪的输入端之间的输入拉锥波导、连接于多模干涉仪的输出端且与三个逆向拉锥波导依次连接的三组输出拉锥波导,本发明的一种两模端面耦合器,通过多模干涉仪和逆向拉锥波导组成多模端面耦合器,能够用于集成芯片多模光波导与多模光纤之间的光耦合,可以同时支持两种模式的高效耦合。

Description

一种两模端面耦合器
技术领域
本发明涉及耦合器,特别涉及一种两模端面耦合器。
背景技术
现有模式复用系统的模式复用器件是基于多模光纤制作的,加工工艺复杂难以批量生产,且发射/接收端子系统大多由有尾纤连接的分立器件组成,体积大功耗高。光子集成芯片是一种小尺寸集成度高、可批量生产、功耗低的技术方案,可将模分复用系统中发射/接收端子系统集成到片上。但目前片上的模分复用只实现了单个器件的复用功能,还无法与光纤结合实现模式复用传输。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种两模端面耦合器,用于集成光波导与光纤之间的耦合,能同时支持两个光模式的高效耦合。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:
一种两模端面耦合器,包括有一两模输入波导、一多模干涉仪、三个逆向拉锥波导、一上包层波导;所述上包层波导覆盖于所述逆向拉锥波导的上方;还包括有连接于两模输入波导和多模干涉仪的输入端之间的输入拉锥波导、连接于多模干涉仪的输出端且与三个逆向拉锥波导依次连接的三组输出拉锥波导。
作为优选,所述逆向拉锥波导分为上路逆向拉锥波导、中路逆向拉锥波导及下路逆向拉锥波导;三组所述输出拉锥波导包括有连接于多模干涉仪的输出端的上路拉锥波导、中路拉锥波导、下路拉锥波导,还包括有连接于上路拉锥波导和上路逆向拉锥波导之间进行单模传输的上路单模输出波导、连接于中路拉锥波导和中路逆向拉锥波导之间进行两模传输的中路两模输出波导、连接于下路拉锥波导和下路逆向拉锥波导之间进行单模传输的下路单模输出波导。
作为优选,所述多模干涉仪为对称型,所述中路拉锥波导与两模输入波导的中心对齐,所述上路拉锥波导及下路拉锥波导分别于中路拉锥波导的两侧对称连接多模干涉仪的输出端。
作为优选,所述中路拉锥波导连接于中路两模输出波导的一侧与两模输入波导宽度相等,所述中路两模输出波导连接于中路逆向拉锥波导的一侧宽度拉锥至与上路单模输出波导宽度相等,所述上路单模输出波导与下路单模输出波导宽度相等。
作为优选,所述两模输入波导为支持TE0和TE1两种模式的两模波导。
作为优选,所述上包层波导的宽度覆盖三个所述逆向拉锥波导,且长度与所述逆向拉锥波导的长度相等,还包括有相对于上包层波导设置于逆向拉锥波导下方作为衬底的下包层波导。
作为优选,所述逆向拉锥波导为宽度线性渐变的条状波导。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:
通过多模干涉仪和逆向拉锥波导组成多模端面耦合器,能够用于集成芯片多模光波导与多模光纤之间的光耦合,可以同时支持两种模式的高效耦合,解决了多模光发射/接收模块中的多模耦合问题;
端面耦合器结构简单,尺寸小,能够实现与现有集成工艺的兼容,方便低成本制造,能广泛应用于片上高密度集成光互连系统。
附图说明
图1为两模端面耦合器的结构示意图;
图2为两模端面耦合器的端面纵向截面图;
图3为多模干涉仪的仿真结果图一;
图4为多模干涉仪的仿真结果图二;
图5为两模端面耦合器以TE基模作为输入的仿真结果图;
图6为两模端面耦合器以TE第一个高阶模作为输入的仿真结果图。
图中:1、两模输入波导;2、输入拉锥波导;3、多模干涉仪;4、上路拉锥波导;5、中路拉锥波导;6、下路拉锥波导;7、上路单模输出波导;8、中路两模输出波导;9、下路单模输出波导;10、上路逆向拉锥波导;11、中路逆向拉锥波导;12、下路逆向拉锥波导;13、上包层波导;14、下包层波导。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。
根据一个或多个实施例,公开的一种两模端面耦合器,如图1所示,包括有一两模输入波导、一多模干涉仪、三个逆向拉锥波导、一上包层波导;还包括有连接在两模输入波导和多模干涉仪之间的输入拉锥波导、连接在多模干涉仪和三个逆向拉锥波导之间的三组输出拉锥波导。多模干涉仪的输入端是两模波导,输出端连接两个单模波导和一个两模波导,两模/单模波导与多模干涉区域都通过拉锥波导连接。上包层波导的输出端面与需要进行耦合的光纤纤芯连接。
如图1所示,输出拉锥波导包括有连接于多模干涉仪的输出端的上路拉锥波导、中路拉锥波导、下路拉锥波导,还包括有连接于上路拉锥波导的上路单模输出波导、连接于中路拉锥波导的中路两模输出波导、连接于下路拉锥波导的下路单模输出波导。三个逆向拉锥波导分别为连接于上路单模输出波导的上路逆向拉锥波导、连接于中路两模输出波导的中路逆向拉锥波导、连接于下路单模输出波导的下路逆向拉锥波导。
多模干涉仪为对称干涉型多模干涉仪,单端输入,三端输出,分别为与上路拉锥波导对应的上路输出、与中路拉锥波导对应的中路输出、与下路拉锥波导对应的下路输出,中路拉锥波导与两模输入波导中心对齐,两模输入波导、输入拉锥波导、多模干涉仪、中路拉锥波导及中路两模输出波导的中心轴为同一中心轴,上路拉锥波导及下路拉锥波导对称分布在中路拉锥波导的两侧,与波导中心间距为多模干涉仪宽度的二分之一。
以图1为基准,中路拉锥波导的右端宽度与两模输入波导宽度相等,即中路拉锥波导连接于中路两模输出波导的一侧宽度保持为与两模输入波导的宽度相等。
中路两模输出波导通过拉锥将靠近逆向拉锥波导一侧的宽度拉锥到单模波导宽度,与上路单模输出波导及下路单模输出波导相等,以使得三个逆向拉锥波导能够同时进行逆向拉锥。多模干涉仪与左右两端的波导通过拉锥波导连接,多模干涉仪的长度满足首个单个自映像点的位置。
两模输入波导为支持TE0和TE1两种模式的集成光波导。两模输入波导、输入拉锥波导、输出拉锥波导及逆向拉锥波导均为绝缘层上硅(SOI)材料的条形光波导,波导厚度为220nm。上路/下路单模输出波导为仅支持基模的条形波导,宽度为450nm。中路两模输出波导为仅支持TE基模(TE0)和TE第一个高阶模(TE1)的条形波导,宽度为910nm。三个逆向拉锥波导为宽度线性渐变的条形波导,以减小多模干涉仪的插入损耗。逆向拉锥波导的拉锥尖端宽度为工艺可实现的最小线宽,一般小于200nm,拉锥长度需满足绝热拉锥条件,端面切割方法与传统端面耦合器制作方法相同。
上包层波导优选采用二氧化硅,同样其他折射率低的聚合物材料也可以作为选择,如图1及图2所示,图2为图1中沿右侧虚线部分的端面纵向截面图,上包层波导覆盖于三个逆向拉锥波导的上方,上包层波导的长度与逆向拉锥波导长度相等,且宽度覆盖三个逆向拉锥波导,与待耦合的两模光纤直径匹配,上包层波导的厚度取决于工艺条件,一般为2到3微米。本耦合器中其他波导结构上方无上包层波导覆盖。在三个拉锥波导的下方有下包层波导作为衬底,与上包层波导相对设置,且下包层波导于所有的波导结构下方均有设置。
多模干涉仪的两模输入波导可支持TE基模和TE第一个高阶模传输。如图3,当两模输入波导的输入模式为TE基模时,由于多模干涉仪的长度取在首个单个自映像的位置,在中路两模输出波导有基模输出。如图4,当两模输入波导的输入模式为TE第一个高阶模时,经过多模干涉仪的干涉,在上路单模输出波导和下路单模输出波导分别有相位相反的两个基模输出。
如图5所示,当两模端面耦合器的输入模式为TE基模时,多模干涉仪的中路两模输出波导有基模输出,经过中路逆向拉锥波导,条形波导中的基模逐渐泄露到上包层波导中,在上包层波导的端面输出,与多模光纤进行耦合,激发多模光纤中的基模LP01,端面模场图如图5右侧图所示。如图6所示,当两模端面耦合器的输入模式为TE第一个高阶模时,多模干涉仪的上路单模输出波导和下路单模输出波导分别有相位相反的两个基模输出,经过上路逆向拉锥波导和下路逆向拉锥波导,条形波导中的基模逐渐泄露到上包层波导中,在上包层波导的端面输出,与多模光纤进行耦合,激发多模光纤中的第一个高阶模LP11,端面模场图如图6右侧图所示。
多模干涉仪的首个单个自映像位置对应的长度,可通过以下公式获得:
Figure BDA0002442154350000061
式中β0和β1分别为TE基模和TE第一个高阶模在多模干涉仪中的传播常数。
上述实施例中的结构是针对220nm厚SOI条形光波导设计的,器件也可以采用其他材料进行设计,工作原理不变,只需针对不同材料修改参数即可。
上述实施例中,只有逆向拉锥波导部分被上包层覆盖,如果整个结构都被上包层覆盖,工作原理也是一样的,只需重新计算多模干涉仪的参数即可。上包层的材料折射率与多模光纤纤芯材料折射率需尽量接近,以保证较高的耦合效率。
通过基于多模干涉仪和逆向拉锥波导组成的多模端面耦合器,用于集成芯片多模光波导与多模光纤之间的光耦合,可以同时支持两种模式的高效耦合,且采用端面耦合带宽大,可与波分复用结合,耦合效率对光偏振态不敏感,结构简单,尺寸小,与现有集成工艺兼容,方便低成本制造,能广泛应用于片上高密度集成光互连系统。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释,其并不是对本发明的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (7)

1.一种两模端面耦合器,其特征是:包括有一两模输入波导、一多模干涉仪、三个逆向拉锥波导、一上包层波导;所述上包层波导覆盖于所述逆向拉锥波导的上方;还包括有连接于两模输入波导和多模干涉仪的输入端之间的输入拉锥波导、连接于多模干涉仪的输出端且与三个逆向拉锥波导依次连接的三组输出拉锥波导。
2.根据权利要求1所述的两模端面耦合器,其特征是:所述逆向拉锥波导分为上路逆向拉锥波导、中路逆向拉锥波导及下路逆向拉锥波导;三组所述输出拉锥波导包括有连接于多模干涉仪的输出端的上路拉锥波导、中路拉锥波导、下路拉锥波导,还包括有连接于上路拉锥波导和上路逆向拉锥波导之间进行单模传输的上路单模输出波导、连接于中路拉锥波导和中路逆向拉锥波导之间进行两模传输的中路两模输出波导、连接于下路拉锥波导和下路逆向拉锥波导之间进行单模传输的下路单模输出波导。
3.根据权利要求2所述的两模端面耦合器,其特征是:所述多模干涉仪为对称型,所述中路拉锥波导与两模输入波导的中心对齐,所述上路拉锥波导及下路拉锥波导分别于中路拉锥波导的两侧对称连接多模干涉仪的输出端。
4.根据权利要求3所述的两模端面耦合器,其特征是:所述中路拉锥波导连接于中路两模输出波导的一侧与两模输入波导宽度相等,所述中路两模输出波导连接于中路逆向拉锥波导的一侧宽度拉锥至与上路单模输出波导宽度相等,所述上路单模输出波导与下路单模输出波导宽度相等。
5.根据权利要求1所述的两模端面耦合器,其特征是:所述两模输入波导为支持TE0和TE1两种模式的两模波导。
6.根据权利要求1所述的两模端面耦合器,其特征是:所述上包层波导的宽度覆盖三个所述逆向拉锥波导,且长度与所述逆向拉锥波导的长度相等,还包括有相对于上包层波导设置于逆向拉锥波导下方作为衬底的下包层波导。
7.根据权利要求1所述的两模端面耦合器,其特征是:所述逆向拉锥波导为宽度线性渐变的条状波导。
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