CN111269622A - 一种新型防霉环保涂料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种新型防霉环保涂料的制备方法,主要解决传统防霉涂料中的防霉剂易分解、使用过程中会释放甲醛等有机污染物等问题,具体实现方法是复配防霉剂与涂料中的有机添加剂预先超声处理30‑60分钟,滑石粉、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌粉按质量比200:5:1放入容器,超声分散30‑60分钟,然后将上述材料与其他填料及添加剂混合搅拌15分钟可得到新型防霉环保涂料。本发明所制备的新型防霉涂料具有广谱抑菌防霉效果,在光照下还能起到协同光催化的作用,产生超氧离子、羟基自由基等活性物质,可以吸附杀死各种细菌并净化室内的VOCs。查阅相关文献,还未发现与本新型防霉环保涂料相似的配方及制备工艺。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑化工涂料领域,具体涉及一种新型防霉环保涂料的制备方法。具有长效防霉、成本低、安全环保等优点。
背景技术
腻子粉类涂料是一种普遍使用的建筑装饰材料,通常由碳酸钙、滑石粉、石膏粉、羟甲基纤维素、胶水等成分组成,而其中的纤维素和胶水中含有微生物生长所需的营养物质,一旦处于适当的温度湿度下,非常容易产生霉菌。霉菌分布广泛且具有非常强的繁殖能力,能够产生细小的霉菌孢子进行空气传播,霉菌的生长不仅会破坏美观、侵蚀材料、严重威胁建筑材料使用寿命, 同时也会产生易挥发性有机物导致人体产生过敏反应甚至疾病,影响居民的正常生活和身体健康。
为了防止内墙滋生霉菌,通常会在墙面装饰材料中添加一些防霉成分。经过文献专利查阅及市场调研,用于建筑涂料中的防霉剂主要有无机防霉剂、有机防霉剂和天然防霉剂。常用的有机防霉剂有甲基异噻唑啉酮、邻苯基苯酚、甲醛、溴硝醇等,这类防霉剂对霉菌有较好的抑制作用,但是使用条件受环境影响较大,防霉时效短而且容易释放对人体有害的物质。常用无机防霉剂有磷酸钙、银离子、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌等,这类物质防霉时效长且对人体无害,但是大量使用成本极高,不适合大量用做建筑材料。艾蒿、芥子萃取物等天然防霉剂绿色环保,但抑菌效果往往不如有机和无机防霉剂。而建筑装修中使用的涂料基本都使用有机防霉剂,防霉时间短且不稳定。因此具备安全持久防霉功效的新型建筑涂料有待研发。
异噻唑啉酮能够不可逆的抑制微生物生长,对常见的细菌、真菌等都有很强的抑制和灭杀作用,抗菌能力强、毒性低、使用剂量小、相容性强、PH适用范围宽,而且能够自然生物降解。纳米二氧化钛、氧化锌等纳米粒子是光催化金属氧化物类抗菌剂,不仅具有耐持久性好,稳定性好、无二次污染等优点。而且可以通过对紫外线的散射作用明显提高涂料的耐老化性。因此,综合利用有机无机抗菌剂的优点,可以研发一种价格低廉且具有长效防霉效果的新型环保涂料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型防霉环保涂料,利用有机防霉剂和无机防霉剂的协同防霉作用,能够在长效防霉的同时起到一定的净化室内空气的作用,并且成本低、粘结度高、附着力强、遮盖率高、手感光滑。能够有效改善常规涂料附着力差、粘结强度低、容易发霉、开裂、起皮、脱落等问题。
将本产品与市场上的常规涂料分别涂覆在玻璃片上,干燥后标记,并分别接种霉菌孢子,放置在生化培养箱中,在25℃下培养48小时,常规涂料层表面长出大量霉菌菌丝,本产品表面没有观察到霉菌长出。将本产品与市场上的常规涂料分别涂覆在易长霉菌的墙壁上,观察30天发现常规涂料涂层表面有少量霉菌长出,而本产品表面没有观察到霉菌。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种新型防霉环保涂料,由下述重量份的组分制成:轻质碳酸钙100-150份、重质碳酸钙30-40份、石膏粉20-25份、滑石粉20-25份、分散剂15-20份、灰钙粉10-15份、预糊化淀粉7-10份、羟丙基甲基纤维素3-5份、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉1-3份、疏水剂1-2份、复配防霉剂(OBPA、OIT、ZPT比例为1:1:3)0.5-1份、纳米二氧化钛(20-30nm,锐钛矿与金红石比例为9:1)0.5-1份、纳米氧化锌(5-15nm ,BET比表面积>35m2/g)0.1-0.5份。
复配防霉剂由OBPA、OIT、ZPT按照1:1:3组成,具有广谱杀菌防霉功效,用量小、效果好、性质稳定。轻质碳酸钙、重质碳酸钙份、灰钙粉、石膏粉、滑石粉配合使用能够在控制成本的基础上增加腻子粉的耐水性、粘结度、细腻度和使用寿命,加入少量的纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌并使其分散均匀,能够提高腻子粉的抗菌能力,延长抗菌防霉时效,并且在光照下具有一定的净化空气和自清洁作用。
上述新型防霉环保涂料制备步骤如下:
a、将滑石粉、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌粉体按质量比200:5:1放入容器,超声分散30分钟;
b、将预糊化淀粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉、复配防霉剂、疏水剂混合后,超声分散30分钟;
c、启动混合机,依次加入轻质碳酸钙、重质碳酸钙、石膏粉、灰钙粉、分散剂,搅拌10分钟;
d、加入超声分散后的滑石粉、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌混合物,搅拌10分钟;
e、加入超声分散的预糊化淀粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉、复配防霉剂、疏水剂,搅拌15分钟后即可得到具有长效防霉功效的新型环保腻子粉。
本发明提供的新型防霉环保涂料与已有的技术相比具有以下优点:由OBPA、OIT、ZPT组成的复配防霉剂具有广谱杀菌防霉功效,用量小、效果好、性质稳定,使用时与涂料中的有机物粘结剂充分混合,能够从根本上预防涂料发霉,实现了广谱杀菌并提高了涂料的防霉性能,疏水剂的加入延缓了防霉剂的释放速度,延长抗菌防霉时效;纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛的少量引入并均匀分散于涂料中,纳米材料具有非常大的比表面面积,能够吸附细菌及其他有害物质,通过释放金属离子,产生活性氧、超氧化物、羟基自由基等与有机防霉剂协同杀菌,破坏细菌的细胞壁和细胞膜,进一步提高了本产品的防霉性能,延长了防霉时效,并且在太阳光的照射下能够起到光催化降解室内VOCs的作用。查阅相关专利,还未发现与本新型防霉环保涂料相似的配方及制备工艺。
附图说明
图1为新型环保涂料实验室条件下的防霉效果。
图2为新型环保涂料在实际墙体上的防霉效果。
图3 为以甲醛目标污染物的新型环保涂料的去除VOCs的效果。
具体实施方式
实施例1
轻质碳酸钙150份、重质碳酸钙30份、石膏粉20份、滑石粉20份、分散剂15份、灰钙粉15份、预糊化淀粉10份、羟丙基甲基纤维素3份、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉3份、疏水剂1份、复配防霉剂0.5份、纳米二氧化钛0.5份、纳米氧化锌0.1份,按上述步骤配制。
实施例2
轻质碳酸钙120份、重质碳酸钙35份、石膏粉20份、滑石粉25份、分散剂15份、灰钙粉12份、预糊化淀粉9份、羟丙基甲基纤维素5份、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉1份、疏水剂2份、复配防霉剂1份、纳米二氧化钛1份、纳米氧化锌0.2份。
实施例3
轻质碳酸钙120份、重质碳酸钙40份、石膏粉25份、滑石粉25份、分散剂20份、灰钙粉12份、预糊化淀粉8份、羟丙基甲基纤维素4份、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉2份、疏水剂2份、复配防霉剂0.8份、纳米二氧化钛0.8份、纳米氧化锌0.2份。
实施例4
轻质碳酸钙100份、重质碳酸钙40份、石膏粉20份、滑石粉25份、分散剂20份、灰钙粉15份、预糊化淀粉7份、羟丙基甲基纤维素5份、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉3份、疏水剂2份、复配防霉剂0.5份、纳米二氧化钛1份、纳米氧化锌0.5份。
通过以下试验验证本发明的有益效果:
一、将常规涂料和新型防霉环保涂料涂覆在玻璃片上,放入烘箱干燥2小时;向干燥的涂料上喷洒少量营养物质,并接种少量霉菌孢子;将涂有涂料的玻璃片放入生化培养箱,25℃培养48小时,从图1可以看出新型防霉环保涂料在实验室条件下防霉性能优异;
二、将常规涂料和新型防霉环保涂料涂覆在易发霉的墙面上;自然干燥后喷洒少量营养物质,并接种少量霉菌孢子;在温暖潮湿的环境中观察30天,从图2可以看出新型防霉环保涂料在实际应用条件下防霉性能优异;
三、向密闭的有机玻璃容器中放入一定浓度的甲醛溶液,打开风扇使甲醛气体均匀的分散于容器中;将制备的新型防霉环保涂料涂覆在玻璃板上放于玻璃容器中,打开光源模拟太阳光;每8小时测一次甲醛浓度,测9次,从图3中可以看出,新型防霉环保涂料在光照射下对气态甲醛有明显降解效果。
通过以上验证试验可知本发明具有优异的抗菌防霉性能,并且对甲醛的降解有明显效果,制备方法简单、成本较低、易于规模化生产,安全环保。
Claims (4)
1.一种新型防霉环保涂料,其特征是由以下配方和工艺制成:轻质碳酸钙100-150份、重质碳酸钙30-40份、石膏粉20-25份、滑石粉20-25份、分散剂15-20份、灰钙粉10-15份、预糊化淀粉7-10份、羟丙基甲基纤维素3-5份、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉1-3份、疏水剂1-2份、复配防霉剂(OBPA、OIT、ZPT比例为1:1:3)0.5-1份、纳米二氧化钛(20-30nm,锐钛矿与金红石比例为9:1)0.5-1份、纳米氧化锌(5-15nm ,BET比表面积>35m2/g)0.1-0.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型防霉环保涂料,其特征在于制备步骤如下:
a、将滑石粉、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌粉按一定质量比放入容器,超声分散30分钟;
b、将预糊化淀粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉、复配防霉剂、疏水剂放入容器,超声分散30分钟;
c、启动混合机,依次加入轻质碳酸钙、重质碳酸钙、石膏粉、灰钙粉、分散剂,搅拌10分钟;
d、加入超声分散后的滑石粉、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌混合物,搅拌10分钟;
e、加入超声分散的预糊化淀粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉、复配防霉剂、疏水剂,搅拌15分钟后即可得到具有长效防霉功效的新型环保涂料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的新型防霉环保涂料制备步骤,加入滑石粉、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌粉体的质量比为200:5:1。
4.根据权利要求2所述的新型防霉环保涂料制备步骤,将预糊化淀粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉、复配防霉剂、疏水剂放入先容器混合均匀,其中复配防霉剂占混合后物料总质量的2.3%-2.7%。
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