CN111269622A - 一种新型防霉环保涂料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种新型防霉环保涂料的制备方法，主要解决传统防霉涂料中的防霉剂易分解、使用过程中会释放甲醛等有机污染物等问题，具体实现方法是复配防霉剂与涂料中的有机添加剂预先超声处理30‑60分钟，滑石粉、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌粉按质量比200:5:1放入容器，超声分散30‑60分钟，然后将上述材料与其他填料及添加剂混合搅拌15分钟可得到新型防霉环保涂料。本发明所制备的新型防霉涂料具有广谱抑菌防霉效果，在光照下还能起到协同光催化的作用，产生超氧离子、羟基自由基等活性物质，可以吸附杀死各种细菌并净化室内的VOCs。查阅相关文献，还未发现与本新型防霉环保涂料相似的配方及制备工艺。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑化工涂料领域，具体涉及一种新型防霉环保涂料的制备方法。具有长效防霉、成本低、安全环保等优点。
背景技术
腻子粉类涂料是一种普遍使用的建筑装饰材料，通常由碳酸钙、滑石粉、石膏粉、羟甲基纤维素、胶水等成分组成，而其中的纤维素和胶水中含有微生物生长所需的营养物质，一旦处于适当的温度湿度下，非常容易产生霉菌。霉菌分布广泛且具有非常强的繁殖能力，能够产生细小的霉菌孢子进行空气传播，霉菌的生长不仅会破坏美观、侵蚀材料、严重威胁建筑材料使用寿命, 同时也会产生易挥发性有机物导致人体产生过敏反应甚至疾病，影响居民的正常生活和身体健康。
为了防止内墙滋生霉菌，通常会在墙面装饰材料中添加一些防霉成分。经过文献专利查阅及市场调研，用于建筑涂料中的防霉剂主要有无机防霉剂、有机防霉剂和天然防霉剂。常用的有机防霉剂有甲基异噻唑啉酮、邻苯基苯酚、甲醛、溴硝醇等，这类防霉剂对霉菌有较好的抑制作用，但是使用条件受环境影响较大，防霉时效短而且容易释放对人体有害的物质。常用无机防霉剂有磷酸钙、银离子、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌等，这类物质防霉时效长且对人体无害，但是大量使用成本极高，不适合大量用做建筑材料。艾蒿、芥子萃取物等天然防霉剂绿色环保，但抑菌效果往往不如有机和无机防霉剂。而建筑装修中使用的涂料基本都使用有机防霉剂，防霉时间短且不稳定。因此具备安全持久防霉功效的新型建筑涂料有待研发。
异噻唑啉酮能够不可逆的抑制微生物生长，对常见的细菌、真菌等都有很强的抑制和灭杀作用，抗菌能力强、毒性低、使用剂量小、相容性强、PH适用范围宽，而且能够自然生物降解。纳米二氧化钛、氧化锌等纳米粒子是光催化金属氧化物类抗菌剂，不仅具有耐持久性好，稳定性好、无二次污染等优点。而且可以通过对紫外线的散射作用明显提高涂料的耐老化性。因此，综合利用有机无机抗菌剂的优点，可以研发一种价格低廉且具有长效防霉效果的新型环保涂料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新型防霉环保涂料，利用有机防霉剂和无机防霉剂的协同防霉作用，能够在长效防霉的同时起到一定的净化室内空气的作用，并且成本低、粘结度高、附着力强、遮盖率高、手感光滑。能够有效改善常规涂料附着力差、粘结强度低、容易发霉、开裂、起皮、脱落等问题。
将本产品与市场上的常规涂料分别涂覆在玻璃片上，干燥后标记，并分别接种霉菌孢子，放置在生化培养箱中，在25℃下培养48小时，常规涂料层表面长出大量霉菌菌丝，本产品表面没有观察到霉菌长出。将本产品与市场上的常规涂料分别涂覆在易长霉菌的墙壁上，观察30天发现常规涂料涂层表面有少量霉菌长出，而本产品表面没有观察到霉菌。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种新型防霉环保涂料，由下述重量份的组分制成：轻质碳酸钙100-150份、重质碳酸钙30-40份、石膏粉20-25份、滑石粉20-25份、分散剂15-20份、灰钙粉10-15份、预糊化淀粉7-10份、羟丙基甲基纤维素3-5份、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉1-3份、疏水剂1-2份、复配防霉剂（OBPA、OIT、ZPT比例为1:1:3）0.5-1份、纳米二氧化钛（20-30nm,锐钛矿与金红石比例为9:1）0.5-1份、纳米氧化锌（5-15nm ,BET比表面积>35m2/g）0.1-0.5份。
复配防霉剂由OBPA、OIT、ZPT按照1:1:3组成，具有广谱杀菌防霉功效，用量小、效果好、性质稳定。轻质碳酸钙、重质碳酸钙份、灰钙粉、石膏粉、滑石粉配合使用能够在控制成本的基础上增加腻子粉的耐水性、粘结度、细腻度和使用寿命，加入少量的纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌并使其分散均匀，能够提高腻子粉的抗菌能力，延长抗菌防霉时效，并且在光照下具有一定的净化空气和自清洁作用。
上述新型防霉环保涂料制备步骤如下：
a、将滑石粉、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌粉体按质量比200:5:1放入容器，超声分散30分钟；
b、将预糊化淀粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉、复配防霉剂、疏水剂混合后，超声分散30分钟；
c、启动混合机，依次加入轻质碳酸钙、重质碳酸钙、石膏粉、灰钙粉、分散剂，搅拌10分钟；
d、加入超声分散后的滑石粉、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌混合物，搅拌10分钟；
e、加入超声分散的预糊化淀粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉、复配防霉剂、疏水剂，搅拌15分钟后即可得到具有长效防霉功效的新型环保腻子粉。
本发明提供的新型防霉环保涂料与已有的技术相比具有以下优点：由OBPA、OIT、ZPT组成的复配防霉剂具有广谱杀菌防霉功效，用量小、效果好、性质稳定，使用时与涂料中的有机物粘结剂充分混合，能够从根本上预防涂料发霉，实现了广谱杀菌并提高了涂料的防霉性能，疏水剂的加入延缓了防霉剂的释放速度，延长抗菌防霉时效；纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛的少量引入并均匀分散于涂料中，纳米材料具有非常大的比表面面积，能够吸附细菌及其他有害物质，通过释放金属离子，产生活性氧、超氧化物、羟基自由基等与有机防霉剂协同杀菌，破坏细菌的细胞壁和细胞膜，进一步提高了本产品的防霉性能，延长了防霉时效，并且在太阳光的照射下能够起到光催化降解室内VOCs的作用。查阅相关专利，还未发现与本新型防霉环保涂料相似的配方及制备工艺。
附图说明
图1为新型环保涂料实验室条件下的防霉效果。
图2为新型环保涂料在实际墙体上的防霉效果。
图3 为以甲醛目标污染物的新型环保涂料的去除VOCs的效果。
具体实施方式
实施例1
轻质碳酸钙150份、重质碳酸钙30份、石膏粉20份、滑石粉20份、分散剂15份、灰钙粉15份、预糊化淀粉10份、羟丙基甲基纤维素3份、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉3份、疏水剂1份、复配防霉剂0.5份、纳米二氧化钛0.5份、纳米氧化锌0.1份，按上述步骤配制。
实施例2
轻质碳酸钙120份、重质碳酸钙35份、石膏粉20份、滑石粉25份、分散剂15份、灰钙粉12份、预糊化淀粉9份、羟丙基甲基纤维素5份、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉1份、疏水剂2份、复配防霉剂1份、纳米二氧化钛1份、纳米氧化锌0.2份。
实施例3
轻质碳酸钙120份、重质碳酸钙40份、石膏粉25份、滑石粉25份、分散剂20份、灰钙粉12份、预糊化淀粉8份、羟丙基甲基纤维素4份、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉2份、疏水剂2份、复配防霉剂0.8份、纳米二氧化钛0.8份、纳米氧化锌0.2份。
实施例4
轻质碳酸钙100份、重质碳酸钙40份、石膏粉20份、滑石粉25份、分散剂20份、灰钙粉15份、预糊化淀粉7份、羟丙基甲基纤维素5份、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉3份、疏水剂2份、复配防霉剂0.5份、纳米二氧化钛1份、纳米氧化锌0.5份。
通过以下试验验证本发明的有益效果：
一、将常规涂料和新型防霉环保涂料涂覆在玻璃片上，放入烘箱干燥2小时；向干燥的涂料上喷洒少量营养物质，并接种少量霉菌孢子；将涂有涂料的玻璃片放入生化培养箱，25℃培养48小时，从图1可以看出新型防霉环保涂料在实验室条件下防霉性能优异；
二、将常规涂料和新型防霉环保涂料涂覆在易发霉的墙面上；自然干燥后喷洒少量营养物质，并接种少量霉菌孢子；在温暖潮湿的环境中观察30天，从图2可以看出新型防霉环保涂料在实际应用条件下防霉性能优异；
三、向密闭的有机玻璃容器中放入一定浓度的甲醛溶液，打开风扇使甲醛气体均匀的分散于容器中；将制备的新型防霉环保涂料涂覆在玻璃板上放于玻璃容器中，打开光源模拟太阳光；每8小时测一次甲醛浓度，测9次，从图3中可以看出，新型防霉环保涂料在光照射下对气态甲醛有明显降解效果。
通过以上验证试验可知本发明具有优异的抗菌防霉性能，并且对甲醛的降解有明显效果，制备方法简单、成本较低、易于规模化生产，安全环保。
Claims (4)
1.一种新型防霉环保涂料，其特征是由以下配方和工艺制成：轻质碳酸钙100-150份、重质碳酸钙30-40份、石膏粉20-25份、滑石粉20-25份、分散剂15-20份、灰钙粉10-15份、预糊化淀粉7-10份、羟丙基甲基纤维素3-5份、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉1-3份、疏水剂1-2份、复配防霉剂（OBPA、OIT、ZPT比例为1:1:3）0.5-1份、纳米二氧化钛（20-30nm,锐钛矿与金红石比例为9:1）0.5-1份、纳米氧化锌（5-15nm ,BET比表面积>35m2/g）0.1-0.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型防霉环保涂料，其特征在于制备步骤如下：
a、将滑石粉、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌粉按一定质量比放入容器，超声分散30分钟；
b、将预糊化淀粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉、复配防霉剂、疏水剂放入容器，超声分散30分钟；
c、启动混合机，依次加入轻质碳酸钙、重质碳酸钙、石膏粉、灰钙粉、分散剂，搅拌10分钟；
d、加入超声分散后的滑石粉、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌混合物，搅拌10分钟；
e、加入超声分散的预糊化淀粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉、复配防霉剂、疏水剂，搅拌15分钟后即可得到具有长效防霉功效的新型环保涂料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的新型防霉环保涂料制备步骤，加入滑石粉、纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌粉体的质量比为200:5:1。
4.根据权利要求2所述的新型防霉环保涂料制备步骤，将预糊化淀粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、丙烯酸共聚物胶粉、复配防霉剂、疏水剂放入先容器混合均匀，其中复配防霉剂占混合后物料总质量的2.3%-2.7%。
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