CN111266576A - TC 4-based self-lubricating material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

TC 4-based self-lubricating material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111266576A
CN111266576A CN202010044222.9A CN202010044222A CN111266576A CN 111266576 A CN111266576 A CN 111266576A CN 202010044222 A CN202010044222 A CN 202010044222A CN 111266576 A CN111266576 A CN 111266576A
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titanium alloy
lubricating
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CN111266576B (en
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黄玉春
刘建英
孟育博
马海舒
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Rongcheng Rongguang Machinery Equipment Co.,Ltd.
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Henan Institute of Engineering
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/362—Process control of energy beam parameters for preheating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/10—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying using centrifugal force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention relates to a TC 4-based self-lubricating material and a preparation method thereof, wherein a TC4 titanium alloy is taken as a matrix, and Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC are respectively taken as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase; the additive amount of Sn-Ag-Cu is (6.0-8.0) wt.% of the mass of the matrix TC4 titanium alloy, and the additive amount of TiC is (1.5-2.0) wt.% of the mass of the matrix TC4 titanium alloy, and the titanium alloy is prepared from TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC by a selective laser sintering method. The TC 4-based self-lubricating material compounds Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC in situ in a TC4 titanium alloy matrix, the obtained self-lubricating material has excellent mechanical property and tribological property, the friction coefficient and the wear rate in the friction and wear process are low, the material preparation efficiency is high, the preparation method is simple and novel, the process parameters in the preparation process are easy to control, and the material is suitable for popularization and application.

Description

TC 4-based self-lubricating material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a TC 4-based self-lubricating material taking Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase respectively and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of modern industrial technologies, particularly aviation and aerospace technologies, moving parts under extreme working conditions such as high temperature, high load, strong radiation and the like, have higher and higher requirements on the high temperature resistance, wear resistance and other properties of lubricating materials, so that the development of a solid lubricating technology is urgently needed to solve the problem of lubrication failure of the traditional lubricating materials under the severe working conditions.
In order to improve the tribological performance of the TC4 titanium alloy-based metal material, a great deal of research work is carried out by domestic and foreign scholars. Jin et al use micro-arc oxidation technique to oxidize TiO2The ceramic coating is prepared on the surface of the TC4 titanium alloy and is subjected to enamel treatment, and the result shows that the ceramic coating improves the tribological property and the corrosion resistance of the TC4 titanium alloy. The plum brow shoot adopts the laser cladding technology to prepare Ni60+ Ti on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy3SiC2The friction and wear test shows that the hardness of the self-lubricating coating is higher than that of TC4 titanium alloy, and the self-lubricating coating has a smaller friction coefficient and a lower wear rate in the atmospheric and vacuum environment. The research methods are generally to deposit lubricating and reinforcing coatings on the surface of a TC4 titanium alloy matrix, the coating thickness and the interface bonding capacity are limited, the service life of the coatings is greatly influenced, and the antifriction wear-resistant effect between friction pairs is damaged once the coatings fail. The additive manufacturing technology based on the layer-by-layer superposition forming of materials is increasingly developed into a research hotspot of the material manufacturing subject in recent years, and is considered as the manufacturing technology of the 21 st century by the American scientific foundation and the national committee of natural science foundationA great innovation. Compared with the traditional material forming technologies such as machining, forging, casting, powder metallurgy and the like, the laser additive manufacturing, as a new material preparation technology, can rapidly and precisely manufacture parts with any complex shapes, greatly reduces the processing procedures and shortens the processing period. In addition, aiming at the economic and social development requirements of energy conservation, efficiency improvement, emission reduction and environmental protection in China, the preparation method not only has higher requirements on the antifriction and wear-resisting properties of advanced engineering materials, but also on the preparation efficiency of the materials, and a novel preparation technology of the solid self-lubricating material with excellent tribological properties needs to be further researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a TC 4-based self-lubricating material which takes Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase respectively and a preparation method thereof, wherein the Sn-Ag-Cu and the TiC are compounded in a TC4 titanium alloy matrix in situ, the obtained self-lubricating material has excellent tribological properties, the preparation method is simple and novel, and the process parameters are easy to control.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows:
a TC 4-based self-lubricating material takes TC4 titanium alloy as a matrix, and takes Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase respectively. Wherein the addition amount of Sn-Ag-Cu is (6.0-8.0) wt.% of the mass of the titanium alloy of the matrix TC4, and the addition amount of TiC is (1.5-2.0) wt.% of the mass of the titanium alloy of the matrix TC 4.
According to the scheme, the base material TC4 titanium alloy mainly comprises elements such as Ti, Al, V and Fe. Preferably, the base material TC4 titanium alloy in the present invention comprises the following elements by mass percent: 5.5 to 6.8 percent of Al, 3.5 to 4.5 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of Fe and the balance of Ti.
According to the scheme, the mass ratio of Sn, Ag and Cu in the Sn-Ag-Cu alloy is 50: 40: 10.
the TC 4-based self-lubricating material taking Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase respectively is prepared from TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC by adopting a selective laser sintering technology. The spherical powder consists of Sn-Ag-Cu, TC4 and TiC, the mass of Sn-Ag-Cu being (6.0-8.0) wt.% of TC4, the mass of TiC being (1.5-2.0) wt.% of TC4 titanium alloy.
In the above scheme, the preparation method of the TC4 titanium alloy based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC comprises the following steps:
1) selecting Sn powder, Ag powder and Cu powder as Sn-Ag-Cu alloy raw material powder according to the mass ratio of elements in the alloy; selecting Ti powder, Al powder, V powder and Fe powder as matrix raw material powder according to the mass percent of each element in the TC4 titanium alloy; selecting Sn-Ag-Cu alloy raw material powder and TiC powder as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase according to (6.0-8.0) wt.% and (1.5-2.0) wt.% of the total mass of the base raw material powder respectively; fully mixing the base powder, the lubricating phase and the reinforcing phase powder;
2) melting the fully mixed powder obtained in the step 1) under the protection of inert gas to obtain molten alloy liquid;
3) and atomizing the molten alloy liquid, cooling and solidifying molten drops obtained by atomization to form spherical metal powder, namely the required TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC.
In the scheme, the powder in the step 1) is mixed by adopting vibration; wherein the vibration frequency is 45-55Hz, the vibration force is 11000-12000N, and the oscillation time is 30-40 min.
In the scheme, the inert gas in the step 2) is preferably argon gas and the like. Before filling inert gas, vacuumizing in advance until the vacuum degree is less than 0.06 MPa; after filling with inert gas, the oxygen content is less than 100 ppm.
In the scheme, the melting temperature in the step 2) is 1350-.
In the above scheme, the specific atomization method in step 2) is as follows: and starting the atomizing turntable, opening the tapping valve to put the molten alloy liquid on the atomizing turntable after the atomizer runs normally, so that the rotating turntable is in a high-speed rotating state, and atomizing the molten alloy liquid in the atomizer. Wherein the rotating speed of the rotating disc is 45000-50000 r/min; the flow rate of the molten alloy is 1.4-1.6 kg/min.
In the scheme, the TC4 titanium alloy based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC required by the step 3) is screened, and the particle size is preferably controlled within the range of 13-38 mu m.
The TC 4-based self-lubricating material which respectively takes Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase is prepared by adopting selective laser sintering to TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC. The preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting TC4 titanium alloy based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC, filling the spherical powder into a powder cylinder, and controlling equipment to lay a powder layer on a substrate;
2) in order to reduce the temperature gradient, a selective laser sintering process is adopted, and laser preheating of spherical powder to be processed and laser sintering of the preheated powder are respectively carried out through parallel processing of double lasers to obtain a formed sample;
3) and annealing the formed sample in a high-temperature vacuum furnace to obtain the TC 4-based self-lubricating material respectively taking Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase.
In the preparation method, the process parameters for laser preheating of the powder in the step 2) are as follows: the laser power is 80-100W, the scanning speed is 1100-1200mm/s, the spot diameter is 0.17-0.19mm, the scanning interval is 0.12-0.13mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.04-0.05 mm; the technological parameters for laser sintering forming are as follows: the laser power is 280-320W, the scanning speed is 1100-1200mm/s, the spot diameter is 0.14-0.16mm, the scanning interval is 0.12-0.13mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.04-0.05 mm; the spot center distance between the preheating laser and the forming laser is 4-5 mm; the annealing heat treatment process in the step 3) comprises the following steps: the annealing temperature is 700-800 ℃, the annealing time is 110-120min, and the furnace is cooled.
The TC 4-based self-lubricating material which respectively takes Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase and is obtained by the invention is proved to show excellent tribological performance in the friction and wear process by the results of friction experiments of three examples, the average friction coefficient is smaller and is about 0.23-0.28, and the wear rate is lower and is about 2.9-3.6 multiplied by 10-5mm3N-1m-1。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the TC 4-based self-lubricating material is prepared by adopting raw material powders such as Ti powder, Al powder, V powder, Fe powder and the like under the protection of inert gas to prepare a TC4 titanium alloy matrix, and meanwhile, a lubricating phase Sn-Ag-Cu and a reinforcing phase TiC are compounded in the TC4 titanium alloy matrix in situ, so that the introduction of main impurities such as oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) is reduced to the maximum extent, the lubricating property is enhanced by the lubricating phase Sn-Ag-Cu, and the strength and toughness of the material can be improved by the reinforcing phase TiC; the obtained self-lubricating material has excellent performance and high purity, can effectively reduce the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the material in the sliding process, and has excellent mechanical property and tribological property.
2. The invention adopts double lasers for parallel processing, and laser preheating is carried out on spherical powder to be processed before laser sintering forming, so that the laser absorption rate of the powder can be improved, residual thermal stress generated by overlarge temperature gradient in the forming process can be effectively reduced, the problems of warping deformation and cracking in the forming process can be controlled, and the forming quality and the mechanical property of the material can be improved. In addition, the traditional powder preheating method mostly adopts the mode of integrally preheating the laid powder, so that the energy consumption is more, the preheating efficiency is low, the preheating effect is good by adopting the real-time laser preheating method of the powder, the preheating efficiency is effectively improved, and the energy waste is small.
3. The TC 4-based self-lubricating material is prepared by adopting a selective laser sintering technology in a layer-by-layer superposition mode, the obtained material is high in density, the preparation period of the material is short, a supporting structure is not needed, the material forming precision is high, and the subsequent treatment is simple and convenient, so that the material preparation efficiency is improved, and a large amount of labor and time cost are saved.
4. The preparation method is simple and novel, the technological parameters required for preparing the TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder and the self-lubricating material are easy to control, and the operability is strong; in addition, on the premise of ensuring that the self-lubricating material has excellent antifriction and wear-resistant effects, the composite lubricating phase Sn-Ag-Cu is adopted to replace the traditional expensive lubricating phase Ag, so that the manufacturing cost of the self-lubricating material is effectively reduced, and the self-lubricating material is suitable for large-scale wide application.
In a word, the TC 4-based self-lubricating material disclosed by the invention compounds Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC in situ in a TC4 titanium alloy matrix, and the obtained self-lubricating material has excellent mechanical property and tribological property, is low in friction coefficient and wear rate in a friction and wear process, is high in material preparation efficiency, simple and novel in preparation method, easy to control process parameters in the preparation process, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the manufacturing process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC, prepared in example 1 of the present invention, at a magnification of 1000 times.
FIG. 3 is an electron probe photograph of a wear scar obtained after a frictional wear test of a TC 4-based self-lubricating material prepared in example 2 of the present invention and having Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase, respectively.
Fig. 4 shows the results of testing the friction coefficient of a TC 4-based self-lubricating material prepared in examples 1, 2, and 3 of the present invention, which uses Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as the lubricating phase and the reinforcing phase, respectively, at room temperature, under the following conditions: the load is 10N, the sliding speed is 0.2m/s, the test temperature is 20 ℃ at room temperature, the time is 60min, and the friction radius is 5 mm.
FIG. 5 shows the results of wear rate tests on TC 4-based self-lubricating materials prepared in examples 1, 2, and 3 of the present invention, wherein the materials respectively comprise Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as the lubricating phase and the reinforcing phase, under the following conditions: the load is 10N, the sliding speed is 0.2m/s, the test temperature is 20 ℃ at room temperature, the time is 60min, and the friction radius is 5 mm.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the present invention, the following examples are further provided to illustrate the content of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
In the following examples, the TC4 self-lubricating material with Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as the lubricating phase and the reinforcing phase is prepared from TC4 titanium alloy based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC. The invention provides a specific preparation method, but the preparation method is not limited, and TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC and TC 4-based self-lubricating materials prepared by other methods and meeting the requirements of the invention also belong to the protection scope of the invention.
The invention provides a preparation method of TC4 titanium alloy based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC, which comprises the following steps:
1) selecting Sn powder, Ag powder and Cu powder as Sn-Ag-Cu alloy raw material powder according to the mass ratio of the elementary substance powder; selecting Ti powder, Al powder, V powder and Fe powder as matrix raw material powder according to the mass percent of each element in the TC4 titanium alloy; selecting Sn-Ag-Cu alloy raw material powder and TiC powder as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase according to (6.0-8.0) wt.% and (1.5-2.0) wt.% of the total mass of the base raw material powder respectively; and thoroughly mixing the matrix powder, the lubricating phase and the reinforcing phase powder;
2) pumping the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber to a preset vacuum degree, and then filling inert protective gas to ensure that the oxygen content in the environment reaches a preset value; adding the fully mixed powder obtained in the step 1) into a high-temperature smelting furnace to be melted into molten alloy liquid;
3) starting an atomizing turntable, opening a tapping valve to place the molten alloy liquid obtained in the step 2) on the atomizing turntable after the atomizer runs normally, and enabling the rotating turntable to be in a high-speed rotating state; atomizing the molten alloy liquid in an atomizer, and cooling and solidifying the atomized molten drops in an atomizing chamber to form spherical metal powder;
4) and collecting the metal powder in a receiving tank, and after the spherical metal powder is fully cooled to room temperature, screening according to the requirement of the particle size to obtain the required TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC.
Wherein the vibration frequency adopted by vibrating the mixed materials is 45-55Hz, the vibration force is 11000-12000N, and the vibration time is 30-40 minutes; the preset vacuum degree is less than 0.06MPa, the inert protective gas is argon, the preset oxygen content is less than 100ppm, and the temperature of the high-temperature smelting furnace is 1350-; the rotating speed of the rotating disc is 45000-50000r/min, and the flow rate of the molten alloy liquid is 1.4-1.6 kg/min; the particle size of the spherical powder is required to be 13-38 μm.
As can be seen from fig. 2: the prepared TC4 titanium alloy based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC is in a single-particle spherical shape, the diameter of a single particle is 13-38 mu m, and the powder particle size requirement required by laser melting is met.
Example 1
A TC4 base self-lubricating material respectively taking Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase takes TC4 titanium alloy as a matrix and takes Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase; the base material TC4 titanium alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 5.5 percent of Al, 3.5 percent of V, 0.3 percent of Fe and 90.7 percent of Ti; the mass ratio of elements Sn, Ag and Cu in the lubricating phase Sn-Ag-Cu alloy is 50: 40: 10; the addition amount of the Sn-Ag-Cu alloy powder is 6.0 wt.% of the mass of the TC4 titanium alloy, and the addition amount of the TiC is 1.5 wt.% of the mass of the TC4 titanium alloy.
As shown in fig. 1, the TC 4-based self-lubricating material, which respectively uses Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase, is prepared from TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC, and the preparation method specifically includes the following steps:
1) selecting 1814 g of Ti powder, 110 g of Al powder, 70 g of V powder and 6g of Fe powder according to the mass percentage of each element in TC4 titanium alloy, selecting 60 g of Sn powder, 48 g of Ag powder and 12 g of Cu powder according to the mass ratio of each element in Sn-Ag-Cu alloy, and selecting 30 g of TiC powder according to the addition ratio of TiC; mixing Ti powder, Al powder, V powder, Fe powder, Sn powder, Ag powder, Cu powder and TiC powder to obtain a mixture;
2) the ingredients are placed in a vibration mixer for dry mixing, an outer vibration mixing tank is a steel tank, a polytetrafluoroethylene tank is arranged in the outer vibration mixing tank, the vibration frequency is 45Hz, the vibration force is 11000N, and the oscillation time is 30 minutes; fully mixing the powder and adding the powder into a smelting furnace;
3) pumping the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber to a vacuum degree of less than 0.06MPa, and filling inert protective gas argon to ensure that the oxygen content in the environment is less than 100 ppm; adding the fully mixed powder obtained in the step 2) into a high-temperature smelting furnace to be smelted into molten alloy liquid, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature smelting furnace is 1350 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 30 min;
4) starting an atomizing turntable, opening a tapping valve to place the molten alloy liquid obtained in the step 3) on the atomizing turntable after the atomizer runs normally, wherein the flow rate of the alloy liquid is 1.4 kg/min; the rotating disc is in a high-speed rotating state, and the rotating speed is 45000 r/min; atomizing the molten alloy liquid in an atomizer, and cooling and solidifying atomized molten drops in an atomizing chamber to form metal powder;
5) collecting the metal powder in a receiving tank, and after the powder is fully cooled to room temperature, screening according to the requirement of the particle size range of 13-38 mu m to obtain the required TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC;
6) filling TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC obtained in the step 5) into a powder feeding cylinder, and controlling equipment to lay a powder layer on the substrate; adopting a selective laser sintering process, and respectively carrying out laser preheating on spherical powder to be processed and laser sintering on the preheated powder by parallel processing of double lasers to obtain a formed sample; the technological parameters for powder laser preheating are as follows: the laser power is 80W, the scanning speed is 1100mm/s, the spot diameter is 0.17mm, the scanning interval is 0.12mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.04 mm; the technological parameters for laser sintering forming are as follows: the laser power is 280W, the scanning speed is 1100mm/s, the spot diameter is 0.14mm, the scanning interval is 0.12mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.04 mm; the spot center distance between the preheating laser and the forming laser is 4 mm;
7) annealing the formed sample in a high-temperature vacuum furnace to obtain a TC 4-based self-lubricating material which respectively takes Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase; the annealing heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the annealing temperature is 700 ℃, the annealing time is 110min, and the furnace is cooled.
Tested by an HVS-1000 type digital display microhardness instrument, the TC 4-based self-lubricating material prepared in example 1 and respectively taking Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase has the hardness of 2.64GPa and the relative density of 99.5%. As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5: the average friction coefficient of the TC 4-based self-lubricating composite material prepared in example 1 was small (about 0.25) and the wear rate was small (about 3.6 × 10)-5mm3N-1m-1) And excellent tribological performance is shown.
Example 2
A TC4 base self-lubricating material respectively taking Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase takes TC4 titanium alloy as a matrix and takes Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase; the base material TC4 titanium alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 6.0 percent of Al, 4.0 percent of V, 0.3 percent of Fe and 89.7 percent of Ti; the mass ratio of elements Sn, Ag and Cu in the lubricating phase Sn-Ag-Cu alloy is 50: 40: 10; the addition amount of the Sn-Ag-Cu alloy powder is 7.0 wt.% of the mass of the TC4 titanium alloy, and the addition amount of the TiC is 1.75 wt.% of the mass of the TC4 titanium alloy.
As shown in fig. 1, the TC 4-based self-lubricating material, which respectively uses Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase, is prepared from TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC, and the preparation method specifically includes the following steps:
1) selecting 1794 g of Ti powder, 120 g of Al powder, 80 g of V powder and 6g of Fe powder according to the mass percentage of each element in TC4 titanium alloy, selecting 70 g of Sn powder, 56 g of Ag powder and 14 g of Cu powder according to the mass ratio of each element in Sn-Ag-Cu alloy, and selecting 35 g of TiC powder according to the addition ratio of TiC; mixing Ti powder, Al powder, V powder, Fe powder, Sn powder, Ag powder, Cu powder and TiC powder to obtain a mixture;
2) the ingredients are placed in a vibration mixer for dry mixing, an outer vibration mixing tank is a steel tank, a polytetrafluoroethylene tank is arranged in the outer vibration mixing tank, the vibration frequency is 50Hz, the vibration force is 11500N, and the oscillation time is 35 minutes; fully mixing the powder and adding the powder into a smelting furnace;
3) pumping the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber to a vacuum degree of less than 0.06MPa, and filling inert protective gas argon to ensure that the oxygen content in the environment is less than 100 ppm; adding the fully mixed powder obtained in the step 2) into a high-temperature smelting furnace to be smelted into molten alloy liquid, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature smelting furnace is 1400 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 25 min;
4) starting an atomizing turntable, opening a tapping valve to put molten alloy liquid on the atomizing turntable after the atomizer runs normally, wherein the flow rate of the alloy liquid is 1.5 kg/min; the rotating disc is in a high-speed rotating state, and the rotating speed is 47500 r/min; atomizing the molten alloy liquid in an atomizer, and cooling and solidifying atomized molten drops in an atomizing chamber to form metal powder;
5) collecting the metal powder in a receiving tank, and after the powder is fully cooled to room temperature, screening according to the requirement of the particle size range of 13-38 mu m to obtain the required TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC;
6) filling TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC obtained in the step 5) into a powder feeding cylinder, and controlling equipment to lay a powder layer on the substrate; adopting a selective laser sintering process, and respectively carrying out laser preheating on spherical powder to be processed and laser sintering on the preheated powder by parallel processing of double lasers to obtain a formed sample; the technological parameters for powder laser preheating are as follows: the laser power is 90W, the scanning speed is 1150mm/s, the spot diameter is 0.18mm, the scanning distance is 0.125mm, and the powder layer spreading thickness is 0.045 mm; the technological parameters for laser sintering forming are as follows: the laser power is 300W, the scanning speed is 1150mm/s, the spot diameter is 0.15mm, the scanning distance is 0.125mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.045 mm; the spot center distance between the preheating laser and the forming laser is 4.5 mm;
7) annealing the formed sample in a high-temperature vacuum furnace to obtain a TC 4-based self-lubricating material which respectively takes Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase; the annealing heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the annealing temperature is 750 ℃, the annealing time is 115min, and the furnace is cooled.
Tested by an HVS-1000 type digital display microhardness instrument, the TC 4-based self-lubricating material prepared in example 2 and respectively taking Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase has the hardness of 2.76GPa and the relative density of 99.6%. As shown in fig. 3, the TC 4-based self-lubricating material prepared in example 2 has a smooth and flat surface of a wear scar after a friction and wear test. As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5: the average friction coefficient of the TC 4-based self-lubricating composite material prepared in example 2 was small (about 0.23) and the wear rate was small (about 2.9 × 10)-5mm3N-1m-1) And excellent tribological performance is shown.
Example 3
A TC4 base self-lubricating material respectively taking Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase takes TC4 titanium alloy as a matrix and takes Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase; the base material TC4 titanium alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 6.5 percent of Al, 4.5 percent of V, 0.3 percent of Fe and 88.7 percent of Ti; the mass ratio of elements Sn, Ag and Cu in the lubricating phase Sn-Ag-Cu alloy is 50: 40: 10; the addition amount of the Sn-Ag-Cu alloy powder is 8.0 wt.% of the mass of the TC4 titanium alloy, and the addition amount of the TiC is 2.0 wt.% of the mass of the TC4 titanium alloy.
As shown in fig. 1, the TC 4-based self-lubricating material, which respectively uses Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase, is prepared from TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC, and the preparation method specifically includes the following steps:
1) selecting 1774 g of Ti powder, 130 g of Al powder, 90 g of V powder and 6g of Fe powder according to the mass percentage of each element in TC4 titanium alloy, selecting 80 g of Sn powder, 64g of Ag powder and 16 g of Cu powder according to the mass ratio of each element in Sn-Ag-Cu alloy, and selecting 40 g of TiC powder according to the addition ratio of TiC; mixing Ti powder, Al powder, V powder, Fe powder, Sn powder, Ag powder, Cu powder and TiC powder to obtain a mixture;
2) the ingredients are placed in a vibration mixer for dry mixing, an outer vibration mixing tank is a steel tank, a polytetrafluoroethylene tank is arranged in the outer vibration mixing tank, the vibration frequency is 55Hz, the vibration force is 12000N, and the oscillation time is 40 minutes; fully mixing the powder and adding the powder into a smelting furnace;
3) pumping the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber to a vacuum degree of less than 0.06MPa, and filling inert protective gas argon to ensure that the oxygen content in the environment is less than 100 ppm; adding the fully mixed powder into a high-temperature smelting furnace to be melted into molten alloy liquid, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature smelting furnace is 1450 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 20 min;
4) starting an atomizing turntable, opening a tapping valve to put molten alloy liquid on the atomizing turntable after the atomizer runs normally, wherein the flow rate of the alloy liquid is 1.6 kg/min; enabling the rotating disc to be in a high-speed rotating state, wherein the rotating speed is 50000 r/min; atomizing the molten alloy liquid in an atomizer, and cooling and solidifying atomized molten drops in an atomizing chamber to form metal powder;
5) collecting the metal powder in a receiving tank, and after the powder is fully cooled to room temperature, screening according to the requirement of the particle size range of 13-38 mu m to obtain the required TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC;
6) filling TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC obtained in the step 5) into a powder feeding cylinder, and controlling equipment to lay a powder layer on the substrate; adopting a selective laser sintering process, and respectively carrying out laser preheating on spherical powder to be processed and laser sintering on the preheated powder by parallel processing of double lasers to obtain a formed sample; the technological parameters for powder laser preheating are as follows: the laser power is 100W, the scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the spot diameter is 0.19mm, the scanning interval is 0.13mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.05 mm; the technological parameters for laser sintering forming are as follows: the laser power is 320W, the scanning speed is 1200mm/s, the spot diameter is 0.16mm, the scanning interval is 0.13mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.05 mm; the spot center distance between the preheating laser and the forming laser is 5 mm;
7) annealing the formed sample in a high-temperature vacuum furnace to obtain a TC 4-based self-lubricating material which respectively takes Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase; the annealing heat treatment process comprises the following steps: the annealing temperature is 800 ℃, the annealing time is 120min, and the furnace is cooled.
Tested by an HVS-1000 type digital display microhardness instrument, the TC 4-based self-lubricating material prepared in example 3 and respectively taking Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase has the hardness of 2.71GPa and the relative density of 99.4%. As shown in fig. 4 and 5: the average friction coefficient of the self-lubricating composite material prepared in example 3 and having the lubricating phase and the reinforcing phase of Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC, TC 4-based self-lubricating composite material respectively is small (about 0.28) and the wear rate is small (about 3.2X 10)-5mm3N-1m-1). It can be seen that the TC 4-based self-lubricating composite material prepared in this example exhibits excellent tribological properties.
According to the experimental results of the three examples, the average friction coefficient of the TC4 self-lubricating material prepared in each example is smaller in the range of about 0.23-0.28 during the friction and wear process, and the wear rate is lower in the range of about 2.9-3.6 × 10-5mm3N-1m-1. It can be known that the TC 4-based self-lubricating material respectively taking Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase shows excellent tribological properties.
In conclusion, Sn-Ag-Cu alloy raw material powder and TiC powder are selected according to the adding proportion and added into matrix TC4 titanium alloy raw material powder, and a TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder material containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC and having a single-particle structure is prepared by adopting the process technologies of vibration mixing, high-temperature melting and rotary disc centrifugal atomization; then, a TC 4-based self-lubricating material which takes Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase respectively is prepared by adopting a method of powder laser preheating, selective laser sintering forming and annealing heat treatment. The TC 4-based self-lubricating material obtained by the invention has high purity, good compactness and excellent tribological performance, and the friction coefficient and the wear rate are lower in the friction and wear process; and the steps and methods involved in the preparation process are simple and convenient, and are suitable for large-scale batch production.
The invention can be realized by all the listed raw materials, and can be realized by the upper and lower limit values and interval values of all the raw materials, and can be realized by the upper and lower limit values and interval values of the process parameters (such as temperature, rotating speed, laser power, scanning speed, scanning interval, powder laying layer thickness and the like) of the invention, and the embodiments are not listed.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and changes can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these modifications and changes are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The TC 4-based self-lubricating material is characterized in that a TC4 titanium alloy is used as a matrix, and Sn-Ag-Cu alloy and TiC are respectively used as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase; wherein the addition of Sn-Ag-Cu alloy is (6.0-8.0) wt.% of the mass of the substrate, and the addition of TiC is (1.5-2.0) wt.% of the mass of the substrate.
2. The TC 4-based self-lubricating material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material is prepared from TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu alloy and TiC by selective laser sintering.
3. The TC 4-based self-lubricating material according to claim 2, wherein said TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu alloy and TiC is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
1) selecting simple substance powder as a matrix raw material according to the mass percentage of each element in the TC4 titanium alloy; weighing simple substance powder according to the mass ratio of each element in the Sn-Ag-Cu alloy; respectively selecting simple substance powder and TiC powder corresponding to Sn-Ag-Cu alloy as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase according to (6.0-8.0) wt.% and (1.5-2.0) wt.% of the total mass of the matrix raw materials; fully mixing a matrix raw material, elemental powder corresponding to Sn-Ag-Cu alloy and TiC powder;
2) melting the fully mixed powder obtained in the step 1) at high temperature under the protection of inert gas to obtain molten alloy liquid;
3) and carrying out rotary disc centrifugal atomization on the molten alloy liquid, cooling and solidifying molten drops obtained by atomization to form spherical metal powder, namely the required TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu alloy and TiC.
4. A TC 4-based self-lubricating material according to claim 2, wherein said TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu alloy and TiC has a particle size in the range of 13-38 μm.
5. The method for preparing the TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC according to claim 3, wherein the high-temperature melting process comprises: the vacuum degree is less than 0.06MPa, the oxygen content in the environment is less than 100ppm, the melting temperature is 1350-.
6. The method for preparing the TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu and TiC according to claim 3, wherein the rotating disc centrifugal atomization process comprises the following steps: the protective atmosphere, the rotating speed of 45000-50000r/min and the flow of the molten alloy liquid of 1.4-1.6 kg/min.
7. A preparation method of a TC 4-based self-lubricating material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting TC4 titanium alloy-based spherical powder containing Sn-Ag-Cu alloy and TiC, filling the spherical powder into a powder cylinder, and controlling equipment to lay a powder layer on a substrate;
2) adopting a selective laser sintering process, and respectively carrying out laser preheating on spherical powder to be processed and laser sintering on the preheated powder by parallel processing of double lasers to obtain a formed sample;
3) and annealing the formed sample in a high-temperature vacuum furnace to obtain the TC 4-based self-lubricating material respectively taking Sn-Ag-Cu alloy and TiC as a lubricating phase and a reinforcing phase.
8. The method for preparing a TC 4-based self-lubricating material according to claim 7, wherein the process parameters for laser preheating of the powder are: the laser power is 80-100W, the scanning speed is 1100-1200mm/s, the powder layer thickness is 0.04-0.05mm, the spot diameter is 0.17-0.19mm, and the scanning interval is 0.12-0.13 mm; the technological parameters for laser sintering forming are as follows: the laser power is 280-320W, the scanning speed is 1100-1200mm/s, the spot diameter is 0.14-0.16mm, the scanning interval is 0.12-0.13mm, and the powder layer thickness is 0.04-0.05 mm; the spot center distance between the preheating laser and the forming laser is 4-5 mm.
9. The method for preparing a TC 4-based self-lubricating material according to claim 7, wherein the annealing heat treatment process comprises: the annealing temperature is 700-800 ℃, the annealing time is 110-120min, and the furnace is cooled.
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