CN107475710B - A kind of Ni of multilayered structure3Al based self-lubricating material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Ni of multilayered structure3Al based self-lubricating material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Ni of multilayered structure3Al based self-lubricating material and preparation method thereof, it is with Ni3Al is matrix, with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and reinforced phase；By containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder prepares bottom, middle layer and top layer Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti by the method that laser melting deposits respectively3SiC2Ni3Al based self-lubricating material, obtains with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material.The Ni of the multilayered structure3Al based self-lubricating material effectively plays lubrication phase Ag and reinforced phase Ti3SiC2Anti-friction wear-resistant effect make the Ni of preparation to reduce coefficient of friction and wear rate of the material in sliding process3Al based self-lubricating material, which has, stablizes excellent tribological property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al base self-lubricating material
Material and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
All there is fretting wear during contact in most of mechanical systems.Especially with modern industrial technology
The rapid development of Aeronautics and Astronautics technology reduces energy consumption to mechanical part abrasion is reduced, and improves the proposition of mechanical part service life
Higher requirement.Solid self lubricant material under the harsh environments such as high temperature, high load, high vacuum because still having good anti-attrition resistance to
Mill acts on and the extensive concern by domestic and foreign scholars.Ni3Al intermetallic compound because have fusing point is high, creep strength is big,
The features such as corrosion-resistant and high-temperature oxidation resistance is strong has been widely used in the fields such as aviation, metallurgy, machinery, building materials.But
Ni3The temperature-room type plasticity of Al intermetallic compound is low, fracture toughness is poor, these features limit its application industrially.Thus,
How Ni is further increased3The tribological property of Al intermetallic compound under severe conditions come meet industrial application have it is important
Engineering significance.
Ni3Al has obtained extensive research as a kind of high-temperature structural material, in recent decades.But due to Ni3Between Al metal
Compound haves the characteristics that fusing point is higher, temperature-room type plasticity is low and fragile under low temperature so that using traditional smelting process preparation cost compared with
Height, while the processing of subsequent material is inconvenient, makes it on engineer application by certain restriction.Based on the layer-by-layer superposition forming of material
The increases material manufacturing technology increasingly developed research hotspot as material manufacturing discipline in recent years, and by American science foundation,
National Natural Science Foundation of China is considered a great innovation of material manufacturing technology.With forging and stamping, machining, forging,
The traditional materials forming technique such as powder metallurgy is compared, and laser gain material manufacture has a lot as a kind of emerging material preparation technology
Advantage.In addition, for China's energy efficiency, the economy and society demand for development of emission reduction environmental protection, not only to advanced engineering material
Properties of antifriction and wear resistance, and to the processing technology of preparing of material, higher requirements are also raised, it is necessary to it further studies novel
The solid self lubricant material with excellent frictional performance technology of preparing.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is in view of the deficiency of the prior art and provide it is a kind of with Ag and
Ti3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material and preparation method thereof effectively plays profit
Sliding phase Ag and reinforced phase Ti3SiC2Anti-friction wear-resistant effect, to reduce coefficient of friction and abrasion of the material in sliding process
Rate makes the Ni of preparation3Al based self-lubricating material, which has, stablizes excellent tribological property.
The present invention be solve the problems, such as it is set forth above used by technical solution are as follows:
A kind of Ni of multilayered structure3Al based self-lubricating material is made of top layer, middle layer and three layers of bottom, each layer with
Ni3Al is matrix, with Ag and Ti3SiC2To lubricate phase and reinforced phase, but the additive amount of the lubrication phase of each layer and reinforced phase is not
Together.Specifically, the content of Ag is successively reduced in top layer, middle layer and bottom, Ti3SiC2Content successively increase.In Ni3Al base
In self-lubricating material process of friction and wear, top layer is directly contacted with opposite grinding pair, using top layer as the contact surface with opposite grinding pair.
Wherein, top layer Ni3Ag and Ti in Al based self-lubricating material3SiC2Quality be respectively matrix Ni3Al mass
(4.0- 5.0) wt.% and (3.0-4.0) wt.%；Middle layer Ni3Ag and Ti in Al based self-lubricating material3SiC2Quality difference
For Ni3(2.0-3.0) wt.% and (4.5-5.5) wt.% of Al mass；Bottom Ni3In Al based self-lubricating material Ag and
Ti3SiC2Quality be respectively Ni3(1.0-1.5) wt.% and (6.0-7.0) wt.% of Al mass.
Prepared Ni3Al based self-lubricating material with a thickness of (6.5-10.5) mm, wherein top layer, middle layer and bottom three
The thickness of layer is respectively (0.3-0.5) mm, (1.2-2.0) mm and (5.0-8.0) mm.
It is above-mentioned with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material, it is by containing
Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder is prepared using laser melting deposition.This contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base
Spherical powder is by Ag, Ti3SiC2And Ni3Al composition, Ag mass are Ni3(1.0-5.0) wt.%, Ti of Al mass3SiC2Quality
For Ni3(3.0-7.0) wt.% of Al；Ni3The molar ratio of element Ni and Al are 3:1 in Al.
It is above-mentioned with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material, it is by containing
Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Using laser melting deposition, successively superposition is prepared Al base spherical powder.Specific preparation method is main
Include the following steps: to choose containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder, is added in powder feeding equipment, using laser melting
It is sintered to molten metal at a high temperature of laser by depositing operation, then by way of being successively superimposed, prepares bottom respectively
Ni3Al based self-lubricating material, middle layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating material and top layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating material, to obtain with Ag
And Ti3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material.Wherein, the powder output of powder feeding equipment
Mode is coaxial powder-feeding；Laser melting depositing operation are as follows: laser power 2-2.5kW, sweep speed 0.4-0.5 m/min, powder feeding
Rate 500-700g/h, Scan slice thickness 0.05-0.1mm.
It is described to contain Ag and Ti in above scheme3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder is using ultrasonic close coupling gas atomization skill
Art is produced to obtain, and preparation method mainly includes the following steps:
It 1) is that 3:1 chooses Ni powder, Al powder as matrix powder by Ni and Al molar ratio；By the Al powder gross mass of Ni powder
(1.0-5.0) wt.% and (3.0-7.0) wt.% chooses Ag powder and Ti respectively3SiC2Powder is as lubrication phase and reinforced phase powder
End；Matrix powder, lubrication are mutually sufficiently mixed with reinforced phase powder；
2) powder after being sufficiently mixed obtained by step 1) is melted under the protection of inert gas, obtains molten alloy
Liquid；
3) molten alloy liquid is atomized, forms globular metallic powder after atomization gained molten drop cooled and solidified, as institute
What is needed contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder.
In above scheme, the mixing of powder described in step 1), using vibration mixing；Wherein, vibration frequency 45-55Hz,
Vibration force is 10000-12000N, duration of oscillation 30-40min；
In above scheme, preferred nitrogen of the step 2) inert gas etc..Before being filled with inert gas, it is evacuated in advance true
Reciprocal of duty cycle is < 0.08Pa；After being filled with inert gas, wherein oxygen content < 100ppm.
In above scheme, the temperature of fusing described in step 2) is 1000-1200 DEG C.
It in above scheme, is atomized in step 3) method particularly includes: starting atomization turntable, device to be atomized work well first
Afterwards, it opens bleeder valve molten alloy liquid is put on atomization turntable, rotating disk is made to be in high speed rotation state, it will in atomizer
Molten alloy liquid is atomized.Wherein, rotating 30000-40000r/min；Molten alloy flow quantity 1.2-1.6
kg/min。
In above scheme, Ag and Ti is contained needed for step 3)3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder is screened, and partial size is preferred
Control is in 53-105 μ m.
The be able to Ag and Ti of the present invention3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material warp
Frictional experiment, the results showed that it embodies excellent tribological property, the smaller (average value of coefficient of friction in process of friction and wear
About 0.23-0.26), and fluctuating range is smaller, wear rate is (2.6-2.9) × 10-5mm3/(Nm)。
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the Ni of multilayered structure of the present invention3Al based self-lubricating material, which uses, contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base ball
Shape powder is raw material, Ag and Ti3SiC2In-situ reaction is in Ni3In Al matrix, the Ni of resulting multilayered structure3Al base self-lubricating material
Expect function admirable, purity is high；Bottom, middle layer, lubricant Ti in top layer3SiC2Content gradually decreases, and lubricant Ag content
It gradually increases, the content of the lubricant Ag of quilting material is improved by appropriateness, can more efficiently play the antifriction effect of lubrication phase
It answers, and makes the lubricant Ti of middle layer, bottom3SiC2Content is relatively high, can preferably play reinforced phase Ti3SiC2In centre
The humidification of layer and bottom, so that self-lubricating material is designed as to bottom is harder, the softer structure in top.In this way, can be more
Effectively play lubrication phase Ag and reinforced phase Ti3SiC2Anti-friction wear-resistant effect, to reduce friction of the material in sliding process
Coefficient and wear rate make the Ni of preparation3Al based self-lubricating material, which has, stablizes excellent tribological property.
2, the present invention prepares the Ni of multilayered structure using the method for laser melting deposition3Al based self-lubricating material, with lubrication
The equally distributed single layer self-lubricating material of phase, reinforced phase is compared, and is guaranteeing that self-lubricating material has excellent anti-friction wear-resistant effect
Under the premise of, by Top-layer Design Method be thickness it is smaller, bottom-layer design be the biggish structure of thickness, make quilting material and intermediate layer material with
And the thickness proportion of intermediate layer material and primer is both designed as 1:(4-5) left and right；Guaranteeing that it is excellent that self-lubricating material has
Under the premise of anti-friction wear-resistant effect, present invention design is by control top layer, the thickness of middle layer and primer, thus maximum limit
Degree ground reduces the cost of manufacture self-lubricating material.
3, preparation method of the present invention is simple and novel, and technological parameter is easy to control in preparation process and feasibility is high；The present invention
The required prices of raw materials are moderate, from a wealth of sources, and preparation contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Equipment cost needed for Al base spherical powder compared with
Low, preparation process is simple and easy to operate, preparation process energy conservation and environmental protection, and scale is suitble to be widely applied.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is preparation technology flow chart of the invention.
Fig. 2 is prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1 containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3The scanning electron microscope of Al base spherical powder is shone
Piece, amplification factor are 500 times.
Fig. 3 is that the embodiment of the present invention 2 is obtained with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al
The electron probe photo for the polishing scratch that based self-lubricating material obtains after frictional wear experiment.
Fig. 4 is under room temperature, to test one kind obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1,2,3 with Ag and Ti3SiC2To lubricate phase
With the Ni of the multilayered structure of reinforced phase3The PVvalue testing of Al based self-lubricating material is as a result, test condition are as follows: 10 N of load,
Sliding speed 0.3m/s, 25 DEG C of test temperature room temperature, time 60min, friction radius 5mm.
Fig. 5 is under room temperature, to test one kind obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1,2,3 with Ag and Ti3SiC2To lubricate phase
With the Ni of the multilayered structure of reinforced phase3The wear rate test result of Al based self-lubricating material, test condition are as follows: load 10N, sliding
Speed 0.3m/s, 25 DEG C of test temperature room temperature, time 60min, friction radius 5mm.
Specific embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, below with reference to the embodiment content that the present invention is furture elucidated, but the present invention is not
It is limited only to the following examples.
In following embodiments, described one kind is with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al
Based self-lubricating material is by containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder is prepared.The present invention provides a kind of specific preparation side
Method, but preparation method is not limited, what other methods were prepared meets of the present invention require containing Ag and Ti3SiC2's
Ni3The Ni of Al base spherical powder, multilayered structure3Al based self-lubricating material also belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention, which provides, contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3The preparation method of Al base spherical powder includes the following steps:
It 1) is that 3:1 chooses matrix powder Ni powder, Al powder by Ni:Al molar ratio, respectively by Ni powder, Al powder gross mass
(1.0-5.0) wt.% and (3.0-7.0) wt.% chooses Ag powder and Ti3SiC2Powder, and powder is sufficiently mixed；
2) after working chamber and spray chamber being extracted into scheduled vacuum degree, it is filled with inert protective gas, reaches environment oxygen content
To predetermined value；Powder after being sufficiently mixed obtained by step 1) is added in high temperature melting furnace and is molten into molten alloy liquid；
3) starting atomization turntable after device to be atomized works well, opens bleeder valve and puts molten alloy liquid obtained by step 2)
Enter to be atomized on turntable, rotating disk is made to be in high speed rotation state；Molten alloy liquid is atomized in atomizer, atomized droplet
Cooled and solidified forms globular metallic powder in spray chamber；
4) metal powder is collected in receiving tank, is carried out after globular metallic powder is sufficiently cooled to room temperature by Particle size requirements
Screening, as required contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder.
Wherein, the vibration frequency that vibration mixing uses is 45-55Hz, vibration force 10000-12000N, and duration of oscillation is
30- 40 minutes；Scheduled vacuum degree is < 0.1Pa, and inert protective gas is nitrogen, scheduled oxygen content < 100ppm, high temperature melting
Furnace temperature is 1000-1200 DEG C；Rotating is 30000-40000r/min, molten alloy flow quantity 1.2-1.6 kg/
min；Spherical powder Particle size requirements are 53-105 μm.
As shown in Figure 2: above-mentioned preparation contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder is spherical for individual particle, and single
The diameter of grain is 53-105 μm, powder diameter requirement needed for meeting laser melting.
Embodiment 1
One kind is with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material, is divided into bottom
Layer, middle layer and top layer, thickness are respectively 8mm, 1.5mm, 0.5mm, and each layer is with Ni3Al is matrix, with Ag and Ti3SiC2For
Lubrication phase and reinforced phase；Wherein molar ratio=3:1 of Ni and Al, bottom, middle layer and top layer Ni3Ag in Al based self-lubricating material
Quality be respectively matrix Ni31.0wt.%, 2.0wt.% and 4.0wt.% of Al mass；Bottom, middle layer and top layer Ni3Al
Ti in based self-lubricating material3SiC2Quality be respectively Ni3Al mass and 6.0wt.%, 4.5wt.% and 3.0wt.%.
As shown in Figure 1, above-mentioned with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al base self-lubricating material
Material is by containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder is prepared, and preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) by the molar ratio of Ni:Al=3:1 choose 0.9 kilogram of Ni powder, 10 grams of 0.1 kilogram of Al powder and Ag powder,
Ti3SiC260 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixing, obtains for preparing bottom Ni3Al base is certainly
The ingredient one of lubriation material；
By molar ratio=3:1 of Ni:Al choose 0.9 kilogram of Ni powder, 20 grams of 0.1 kilogram of Al powder and Ag powder,
Ti3SiC245 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixing, obtains for preparing middle layer Ni3Al base
The ingredient two of self-lubricating material；
By molar ratio=3:1 of Ni:Al choose 0.9 kilogram of Ni powder, 40 grams of 0.1 kilogram of Al powder and Ag powder,
Ti3SiC230 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixing, obtains for preparing top layer Ni3Al base is certainly
The ingredient three of lubriation material；
Gained ingredient one, ingredient two, ingredient three carry out subsequent step 2 respectively) -5), contain different additions to required three kinds
Measure Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder；
2) respectively by above-mentioned ingredient be respectively placed in vibration batch mixer in it is dry-mixed, vibration mixing outer tank be cylinder of steel, built-in poly- four
Vinyl fluoride tank, vibration frequency 45Hz, vibration force 10000N, duration of oscillation are 30 minutes；It is added after powder is sufficiently mixed
In smelting furnace；
3) working chamber and spray chamber are evacuated to vacuum degree < 0.1Pa, are filled with inert protective gas nitrogen, make environment oxygen content <
100 ppm；Powder after being sufficiently mixed obtained by step 2) is added in high temperature melting furnace and is molten into molten alloy liquid, high melt
Furnace temperature is 1000 DEG C；
4) starting atomization turntable after device to be atomized works well, opens bleeder valve and puts molten alloy liquid obtained by step 3)
Enter to be atomized on turntable, alloy flow quantity 1.2kg/min；Rotating disk is set to be in high speed rotation state, revolving speed 30000r/min；?
Molten alloy liquid is atomized in atomizer, atomized droplet cooled and solidified in spray chamber forms metal powder；
5) metal powder is collected in receiving tank, is 53-105 μm by particle size range after powder is sufficiently cooled to room temperature
Requirement sieved, obtain three kinds of required Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder；
6) bottom, middle layer and top layer Ni are pressed33 times of the expected finished weight of Al based self-lubricating material weigh obtained by step 5)
Three kinds of Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder is separately added into the material of laser melting depositing device outfit
In cylinder (one), barrel (two) and barrel (three)；
7) it conveys in barrel (one) and contains 1.0wt.%Ag and 6.0wt.%Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder prepares bottom
Layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating material, wherein laser melting depositing operation are as follows: laser power 2.0kW, sweep speed 0.4m/min are sent
Powder rate 500g/h, Scan slice thickness 0.1mm obtain bottom Ni through laser sintering and moulding3Al based self-lubricating material, with a thickness of
8mm；
It conveys in barrel (two) and contains 2.0wt.%Ag and 4.5wt.%Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder, by barrel
(1) identical laser melting depositing operation is in the bottom Ni prepared in3Middle layer is prepared above Al based self-lubricating material
Ni3Al based self-lubricating material obtains middle layer Ni through laser sintering and moulding3Al based self-lubricating material, with a thickness of 1.5 mm；
It conveys in barrel (three) and contains 4.0wt.%Ag and 3.0wt.%Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder, by barrel
(1) identical laser melting depositing operation is in the middle layer Ni prepared in3Top layer is prepared above Al based self-lubricating material
Ni3Al based self-lubricating material obtains top layer Ni through laser sintering and moulding3Al based self-lubricating material, with a thickness of 0.5mm；Dividing
It does not prepare and completes three layers of Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3To get to Ag and Ti after Al based self-lubricating material3SiC2
For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material.
It is tested by HVS-1000 type digital display microhardness tester, with Ag and Ti prepared by embodiment 13SiC2To lubricate phase
With the Ni of the multilayered structure of reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material, surface hardness 6.89GPa, relative density 99.4%.Figure
4 (a) and 5 (a) show: Ni manufactured in the present embodiment3The coefficient of friction of Al based self lubricated composite material is smaller, and (average value is about
0.24), and fluctuating range is smaller, and wear rate is 2.9 × 10-5mm3/ (Nm), embodies excellent tribological property.
Embodiment 2
One kind is with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material, is divided into bottom
Layer, middle layer and top layer, thickness are respectively 7.5mm, 1.55mm, 0.45mm, and each layer is with Ni3Al is matrix, with Ag and
Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and reinforced phase；Wherein molar ratio=3:1 of Ni and Al, bottom, middle layer and top layer Ni3Al base self-lubricating
The quality of Ag is respectively matrix Ni in material31.25wt.%, 2.5wt.% and 4.5wt.% of Al mass；Bottom, middle layer and
Top layer Ni3Ti in Al based self-lubricating material3SiC2Quality be respectively Ni3Al mass and 6.5wt.%, 5.0wt.% and
3.5wt.%.
As shown in Figure 1, above-mentioned with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al base self-lubricating material
Material is by containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder is prepared, and preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) by the molar ratio of Ni:Al=3:1 choose 0.9 kilogram of Ni powder, 12.5 grams of 0.1 kilogram of Al powder and Ag powder,
Ti3SiC265 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixing, obtains for preparing bottom Ni3Al base is certainly
The ingredient one of lubriation material；
By molar ratio=3:1 of Ni:Al choose 0.9 kilogram of Ni powder, 25 grams of 0.1 kilogram of Al powder and Ag powder,
Ti3SiC250 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixing, obtains for preparing middle layer Ni3Al base
The ingredient two of self-lubricating material；
By molar ratio=3:1 of Ni:Al choose 0.9 kilogram of Ni powder, 45 grams of 0.1 kilogram of Al powder and Ag powder,
Ti3SiC235 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixing, obtains for preparing top layer Ni3Al base is certainly
The ingredient three of lubriation material；
Gained ingredient one, ingredient two, ingredient three carry out subsequent step 2 respectively) -5), contain different additions to required three kinds
Measure Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder；
2) respectively by above-mentioned ingredient be placed in vibration batch mixer in it is dry-mixed, vibration mixing outer tank be cylinder of steel, built-in polytetrafluoroethyl-ne
Alkene tank, vibration frequency 50Hz, vibration force 11000N, duration of oscillation are 35 minutes；Smelting is added after powder is sufficiently mixed
In furnace；
3) working chamber and spray chamber are evacuated to vacuum degree < 0.1Pa, are filled with inert protective gas nitrogen, make environment oxygen content <
100 ppm；Powder after being sufficiently mixed obtained by step 2) is added in high temperature melting furnace and is molten into molten alloy liquid, high melt
Furnace temperature is 1100 DEG C；
4) starting atomization turntable after device to be atomized works well, opens bleeder valve for molten alloy liquid and is put into atomization turntable
On, alloy flow quantity 1.4kg/min；Rotating disk is set to be in high speed rotation state, revolving speed 35000r/min；It will in atomizer
Molten alloy liquid is atomized, and atomized droplet cooled and solidified in spray chamber forms metal powder；
5) metal powder is collected in receiving tank, is 53-105 μm by particle size range after powder is sufficiently cooled to room temperature
Requirement sieved, obtain three kinds of required Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder；
6) bottom, middle layer and top layer Ni are pressed33 times of the expected finished weight of Al based self-lubricating material weigh obtained by step 7)
Three kinds of Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder is separately added into the material of laser melting depositing device outfit
In cylinder (one), barrel (two) and barrel (three)；
7) it conveys in barrel (one) and contains 1.25wt.%Ag and 6.5wt.%Ti3SiC2Ni3The preparation of Al base spherical powder
Bottom Ni3Al based self-lubricating material, wherein laser melting depositing operation are as follows: laser power 2.25kW, 0.45 m/ of sweep speed
Min, powder feeding rate 600g/h, Scan slice thickness 0.05mm obtain bottom Ni through laser sintering and moulding3Al based self-lubricating material,
With a thickness of 7.5mm；
It conveys in barrel (two) and contains 2.5wt.%Ag and 5.0wt.%Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder, by barrel
(1) identical laser melting depositing operation is in the bottom Ni prepared in3Middle layer is prepared above Al based self-lubricating material
Ni3Al based self-lubricating material obtains middle layer Ni through laser sintering and moulding3Al based self-lubricating material, with a thickness of 1.55 mm；
It conveys in barrel (three) and contains 4.5wt.%Ag and 3.5wt.%Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder, by barrel
(1) identical laser melting depositing operation is in the middle layer Ni prepared in3Top layer is prepared above Al based self-lubricating material
Ni3Al based self-lubricating material obtains top layer Ni through laser sintering and moulding3Al based self-lubricating material, with a thickness of 0.45 mm；?
It prepares respectively and completes three layers of Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3After Al based self-lubricating material, obtain with Ag and Ti3SiC2
For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material.
It is tested by HVS-1000 type digital display microhardness tester, with Ag and Ti prepared by embodiment 23SiC2To lubricate phase
With the Ni of the multilayered structure of reinforced phase3The surface hardness of Al based self-lubricating material is 6.86GPa, relative density 99.5%.By
The Ni of multilayered structure shown in Fig. 33The polishing scratch figure that Al based self-lubricating material obtains after frictional wear experiment, it is known that polishing scratch table
Face is smooth.Fig. 4 (b) and 5 (b) shows Ni manufactured in the present embodiment3The coefficient of friction of Al based self lubricated composite material is smaller
(average value about 0.23), and fluctuating range is small, and wear rate is 2.6 × 10-5mm3/ (Nm), embodies excellent tribology
Energy.
Embodiment 3
One kind is with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material, is divided into bottom
Layer, middle layer and top layer, thickness are respectively 7mm, 1.6mm, 0.4mm, and each layer is with Ni3Al is matrix, with Ag and Ti3SiC2For
Lubrication phase and reinforced phase；Wherein molar ratio=3:1 of Ni and Al, bottom, middle layer and top layer Ni3Ag in Al based self-lubricating material
Quality be respectively matrix Ni31.5wt.%, 3.0wt.% and 5.0wt.% of Al mass；Bottom, middle layer and top layer Ni3Al
Ti in based self-lubricating material3SiC2Quality be respectively Ni3Al mass and 7.0wt.%, 5.5wt.% and 4.0wt.%.
As shown in Figure 1, above-mentioned with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al base self-lubricating material
Material is by containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder is prepared, and preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) by the molar ratio of Ni:Al=3:1 choose 0.9 kilogram of Ni powder, 15 grams of 0.1 kilogram of Al powder and Ag powder,
Ti3SiC270 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixing, obtains for preparing bottom Ni3Al base is certainly
The ingredient one of lubriation material；
By molar ratio=3:1 of Ni:Al choose 0.9 kilogram of Ni powder, 30 grams of 0.1 kilogram of Al powder and Ag powder,
Ti3SiC255 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixing, obtains for preparing middle layer Ni3Al base
The ingredient two of self-lubricating material；
By molar ratio=3:1 of Ni:Al choose 0.9 kilogram of Ni powder, 50 grams of 0.1 kilogram of Al powder and Ag powder,
Ti3SiC240 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixing, obtains for preparing top layer Ni3Al base is certainly
The ingredient three of lubriation material；
Gained ingredient one, ingredient two, ingredient three carry out subsequent step 2 respectively) -5), contain different additions to required three kinds
Measure Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder；
2) respectively by above-mentioned ingredient be placed in vibration batch mixer in it is dry-mixed, vibration mixing outer tank be cylinder of steel, built-in polytetrafluoroethyl-ne
Alkene tank, vibration frequency 55Hz, vibration force 12000N, duration of oscillation are 40 minutes；Smelting is added after powder is sufficiently mixed
In furnace；
3) working chamber and spray chamber are evacuated to vacuum degree < 0.1Pa, are filled with inert protective gas nitrogen, make environment oxygen content <
100 ppm；Powder after being sufficiently mixed, which is added in high temperature melting furnace, is molten into molten alloy liquid, and high melt furnace temperature is
1200℃；
4) starting atomization turntable after device to be atomized works well, opens bleeder valve for molten alloy liquid and is put into atomization turntable
On, alloy flow quantity 1.6kg/min；Rotating disk is set to be in high speed rotation state, revolving speed 40000r/min；It will in atomizer
Molten alloy liquid is atomized, and atomized droplet cooled and solidified in spray chamber forms metal powder；
5) metal powder is collected in receiving tank, is 53-105 μm by particle size range after powder is sufficiently cooled to room temperature
Requirement sieved, obtain three kinds of required Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder；
6) bottom, middle layer and top layer Ni are pressed33 times of the expected finished weight of Al based self-lubricating material weigh obtained by step 7)
Three kinds of Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder is separately added into the material of laser melting depositing device outfit
In cylinder (one), barrel (two) and barrel (three)；
7) it conveys in barrel (one) and contains 1.5wt.%Ag and 7.0wt.%Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder prepares bottom
Layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating material, wherein laser melting depositing operation are as follows: laser power 2.5kW, sweep speed 0.5m/min are sent
Powder rate 700g/h, Scan slice thickness 0.05mm obtain bottom Ni through laser sintering and moulding3Al based self-lubricating material, with a thickness of
7mm；
It conveys in barrel (two) and contains 3.0wt.%Ag and 5.5wt.%Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder, by barrel
(1) identical laser melting depositing operation is in the bottom Ni prepared in3Middle layer is prepared above Al based self-lubricating material
Ni3Al based self-lubricating material obtains middle layer Ni through laser sintering and moulding3Al based self-lubricating material, with a thickness of 1.6 mm；
It conveys in barrel (three) and contains 5.0wt.%Ag and 4.0wt.%Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder, by barrel
(1) identical laser melting depositing operation is in the middle layer Ni prepared in3Top layer is prepared above Al based self-lubricating material
Ni3Al based self-lubricating material obtains top layer Ni through laser sintering and moulding3Al based self-lubricating material, with a thickness of 0.4mm；Dividing
It does not prepare and completes three layers of Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3After Al based self-lubricating material, obtain with Ag and Ti3SiC2For
The Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material.
It is tested by HVS-1000 type digital display microhardness tester, with Ag and Ti prepared by embodiment 33SiC2To lubricate phase
With the Ni of the multilayered structure of reinforced phase3The surface hardness of Al based self-lubricating material is 6.82GPa, relative density 99.6%.Fig. 4
It (c) is that under room temperature, the test embodiment of the present invention 3 is obtained with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase
Ni3The friction coefficient curve of Al based self-lubricating material, it is known that the coefficient of friction of the self-lubricating composite is smaller, and (average value is about
0.26), and fluctuating range is small.Fig. 5 (c) shows the Ni for the multilayered structure that embodiment 3 is prepared3The abrasion of Al based self-lubricating material
Rate is 2.8 × 10-5mm3/(Nm).It knows manufactured in the present embodiment with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the Ni of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al base
Self-lubricating composite shows excellent tribological property.
According to the experimental result of above three embodiments, show the be able to Ag and Ti of the present invention3SiC2For lubrication phase and enhancing
The Ni of the multilayered structure of phase3Al based self-lubricating material embodies excellent tribological property, friction system in process of friction and wear
Number smaller (average value about 0.23-0.26), and fluctuating range is smaller, wear rate is 2.6-2.9 × 10-5mm3/(Nm)。
In conclusion the present invention chooses Ag and Ti by adding proportion3SiC2Powder is added to matrix powder Ni powder and Al powder
In, using vibration mixing, high-temperature fusion, the technology of rotating disk centrifugal atomizatio, prepares and a kind of have individual particle structure
Containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder material；Then the method for using laser melting to deposit prepare with Ag and
Ti3SiC2The Ni of multilayered structure as lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material.The be able to Ag and Ti of the present invention3SiC2
For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material, purity is high, compactness are good, have excellent rub
It wipes and learns performance, the coefficient of friction and wear rate in process of friction and wear are lower；And step side involved in preparation process
Method is simple and convenient, is suitable for large-scale production.
Each raw material cited by the present invention can realize that the bound value of the present invention and each raw material, interval value can
Realize the present invention, the bound value of technological parameter (such as temperature, revolving speed, laser power, powder feeding rate) of the invention and area
Between value can realize the present invention, embodiment numerous to list herein.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that come for those of ordinary skill in the art
It says, without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, several modifications and variations can also be made, these belong to of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Ni of multilayered structure3Al based self-lubricating material, it is characterised in that it is made of top layer, middle layer and three layers of bottom,
Each layer is with Ni3Al is matrix, with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and reinforced phase；In each layer, Ag and Ti3SiC2Quality difference
For matrix Ni3(1.0-5.0) wt.% of Al mass and (3.0-7.0), the content of Ag gradually subtracts in top layer, middle layer and bottom
It is few, Ti3SiC2Content gradually increase, and using top layer as the contact surface with opposite grinding pair；
The Ni of the multilayered structure3Al based self-lubricating material is by containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder uses laser melting
The method of deposition is prepared；For preparing top layer Ni3The spherical powder of Al based self-lubricating material, Ag and Ti3SiC2Quality point
It Wei not matrix Ni3(4.0-5.0) wt.% and (3.0-4.0) wt.% of Al mass；For preparing middle layer Ni3Al base self-lubricating material
The spherical powder of material, Ag and Ti3SiC2Quality be respectively Ni3(2.0-3.0) wt.% and (4.5-5.5) wt.% of Al mass；With
To prepare bottom Ni3The spherical powder of Al based self-lubricating material, Ag and Ti3SiC2Quality be respectively Ni3(the 1.0- of Al mass
1.5) wt.% and (6.0-7.0) wt.%.
2. a kind of Ni of multilayered structure according to claim 13Al based self-lubricating material, it is characterised in that multilayered structure
Ni3The overall thickness of Al based self-lubricating material is (6.5-10.5) mm, and wherein top layer, middle layer and three layers of bottom of thickness are respectively
(0.3-0.5) mm, (1.2-2.0) mm and (5.0-8.0) mm.
3. a kind of Ni of multilayered structure described in claim 13The preparation method of Al based self-lubricating material, it is characterised in that it is by containing
Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder is prepared using the method for laser melting deposition；It is described to contain Ag and Ti3SiC2's
Ni3Al base spherical powder, partial size is in 53-105 μ m, by Ni3Al, Ag and Ti3SiC2Composition.
4. a kind of Ni of multilayered structure according to claim 33The preparation method of Al based self-lubricating material, it is characterised in that
It is described to contain Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder, preparation method include the following steps:
It 1) is that 3:1 chooses Ni powder, Al powder as matrix powder by Ni and Al molar ratio；By (the 1.0- of Ni powder and Al powder gross mass
5.0) wt.% and (3.0-7.0) wt.% chooses Ag powder and Ti respectively3SiC2Powder is as lubrication phase and reinforced phase powder；By base
Body powder, lubrication are mutually sufficiently mixed with reinforced phase powder；
2) powder after being sufficiently mixed obtained by step 1) is melted under the protection of inert gas, obtains molten alloy liquid；
3) molten alloy liquid is atomized, forms globular metallic powder after atomization gained molten drop cooled and solidified, it is as required
Containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder.
5. a kind of Ni of multilayered structure according to claim 43The preparation method of Al based self-lubricating material, it is characterised in that
The temperature of fusing described in step 2 is 1000-1200 DEG C.
6. a kind of Ni of multilayered structure according to claim 33The preparation method of Al based self-lubricating material, it is characterised in that
Its steps is as follows: choosing and contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder, is added in powder feeding equipment, using laser melting
It is sintered to molten metal at a high temperature of laser by depositing operation, then by way of being successively superimposed, obtain with Ag and
Ti3SiC2For the Ni of the multilayered structure of lubrication phase and reinforced phase3Al based self-lubricating material.
7. a kind of Ni of multilayered structure according to claim 63The preparation method of Al based self-lubricating material, it is characterised in that
The laser melting depositing operation are as follows: laser power 2-2.5 kW, sweep speed 0.4-0.5 m/min, powder feeding rate 500-700
G/h, Scan slice thickness are 0.05-0.1 mm.
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| CN108330416B (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-23 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of carbon fiber-carbon nanotube enhancing NiAl based self lubricated composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108757784B (en) * | 2018-05-04 | 2020-10-02 | 中南大学 | Weather-resistant high-metal friction plate for military vehicle and preparation method thereof |
| CN109604620A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-12 | 安阳工学院 | A kind of NiTiCr-MgLiZn composite material and preparation method with self regulating and control function |
| CN109434125A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-08 | 安阳工学院 | A kind of NiTiAl based self lubricated composite material and preparation method thereof with self regulating and control function |
| CN110626016B (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-06-11 | 安阳工学院 | FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110614360A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-27 | 安阳工学院 | Design and preparation method of TiNiAlZrNb-based self-lubricating bearing bush material with multilayer structure |
| CN110641095A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-01-03 | 安阳工学院 | Design and preparation method of multilayer composite structure NiTiCrBNb-based sliding plate self-lubricating material |
| CN110592414B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2021-07-16 | 齐齐哈尔翔科新材料有限公司 | Preparation method of self-lubricating aluminum-based composite material |
| CN110919005B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2022-06-28 | 湖北文理学院 | Pin shaft material with multilayer composite structure and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114703475B (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2023-06-16 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Micro-nano double-scale ceramic particle composite nickel-based wear-resistant self-lubricating coating material and preparation method of self-lubricating high-temperature-resistant nickel-based alloy |
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