CN107475710A - A kind of Ni of sandwich construction3Al based self-lubricating materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Ni of sandwich construction3Al based self-lubricating materials and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/007—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt with a light metal (alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; earth alkali metal Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al Ga, Ge, Ti) or B, Si, Zr, Hf, Sc, Y, lanthanides, actinides, as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Ni of sandwich construction3Al based self-lubricating materials and preparation method thereof, it is with Ni3Al is matrix, with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and enhancing phase；By containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3The method that Al bases spherical powder is deposited by lf prepares bottom, intermediate layer and top layer Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti respectively3SiC2Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials, are obtained with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials.The Ni of the sandwich construction3Al based self-lubricating materials, effectively play lubrication phase Ag and enhancing phase Ti3SiC2Anti-friction wear-resistant effect, so as to reduce coefficient of friction and wear rate of the material in sliding process, make the Ni of preparation3Al based self-lubricating materials, which have, stablizes excellent tribological property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to one kind with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al base self-lubricating materials
Material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Fretting wear during contact all be present in most of mechanical systems.With modern industrial technology especially
Aeronautics and Astronautics technology develops rapidly, to reducing mechanical part abrasion, reduces energy resource consumption, improves the proposition of mechanical part life-span
Higher requirement.Solid self lubricant material under the severe rugged environments such as high temperature, high load, high vacuum because still having good anti-attrition resistance to
Mill act on and by the extensive concern of domestic and foreign scholars.Ni3Al intermetallic compounds because with fusing point is high, creep strength is big,
The features such as corrosion-resistant and high-temperature oxidation resistance is strong, the fields such as aviation, metallurgy, machinery, building materials have been widely used in it.But
Ni3The temperature-room type plasticities of Al intermetallic compounds is low, fracture toughness is poor, and these features limit its application industrially.Thus,
How Ni is further improved3The tribological property of Al intermetallic compounds under severe conditions meets that it is important that industrial application has
Engineering significance.
Ni3Al has obtained extensive research as a kind of high-temperature structural material in recent decades.But due to Ni3Between Al metals
The characteristics of compound has that fusing point is higher, temperature-room type plasticity is low and is fragile under low temperature so that using cost prepared by traditional smelting process compared with
Height, while the processing inconvenience of follow-up material, make it on engineer applied by certain restriction.Based on material successively superposition forming
The increases material manufacturing technology growing study hotspot as material manufacture subject in recent years, and by American science foundation,
National Natural Science Foundation of China is considered a great innovation of material manufacture technology.With forging and stamping, machining, forging,
The traditional material forming technique such as powder metallurgy is compared, and laser gain material manufacture has a lot as a kind of emerging material preparation technology
Advantage.In addition, for China's energy efficiency, the economy of emission reduction environmental protection and social development requirement, not only to advanced engineering material
Properties of antifriction and wear resistance, and higher requirement it is also proposed to the processing technology of preparing of material, it is necessary to further study new
The solid self lubricant material with excellent frictional performance technology of preparing.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention be for above-mentioned the shortcomings of the prior art and provide it is a kind of with Ag and
Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials and preparation method thereof, effectively play profit
Sliding phase Ag and enhancing phase Ti3SiC2Anti-friction wear-resistant effect, so as to reduce coefficient of friction and abrasion of the material in sliding process
Rate, make the Ni of preparation3Al based self-lubricating materials, which have, stablizes excellent tribological property.
The present invention is to solve the problems, such as that used technical scheme set forth above is：
A kind of Ni of sandwich construction3Al based self-lubricating materials, be made up of three layers of top layer, intermediate layer and bottom, each layer with
Ni3Al is matrix, with Ag and Ti3SiC2To lubricate mutually and strengthening phase, but the addition of the lubrication phase of each layer and enhancing phase is not
Together.Specifically, Ag content is reduced successively in top layer, intermediate layer and bottom, Ti3SiC2Content increase successively.In Ni3Al bases
In self-lubricating material process of friction and wear, top layer directly contacts with to mill pair, using top layer as with the contact surface secondary to mill.
Wherein, top layer Ni3Ag and Ti in Al based self-lubricating materials3SiC2Quality be respectively matrix Ni3Al mass
(4.0-5.0) wt.% and (3.0-4.0) wt.%；Intermediate layer Ni3Ag and Ti in Al based self-lubricating materials3SiC2Quality difference
For Ni3(2.0-3.0) wt.% and (4.5-5.5) wt.% of Al mass；Bottom Ni3Ag and Ti in Al based self-lubricating materials3SiC2
Quality be respectively Ni3(1.0-1.5) wt.% and (6.0-7.0) wt.% of Al mass.
Prepared Ni3The thickness of Al based self-lubricating materials is (6.5-10.5) mm, wherein top layer, intermediate layer and bottom three
The thickness of layer is respectively (0.3-0.5) mm, (1.2-2.0) mm and (5.0-8.0) mm.
It is above-mentioned with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials, it by containing
Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al bases spherical powder is prepared using lf deposition.This contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base balls
Shape powder is by Ag, Ti3SiC2And Ni3Al is formed, and Ag mass is Ni3(1.0-5.0) wt.%, Ti of Al mass3SiC2Quality be
Ni3Al (3.0-7.0) wt.%；Ni3Element Ni and Al mol ratio are 3 in Al：1.
It is above-mentioned with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials, it by containing
Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al bases spherical powder deposits successively superposition using lf and is prepared.Specific preparation method is main
Comprise the following steps：Selection contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders, are added in powder feeding equipment, using lf
It is sintered to molten metal by depositing operation at a high temperature of laser, then by way of being successively superimposed, prepares bottom respectively
Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials, intermediate layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials and top layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials, so as to obtain with Ag
And Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials.Wherein, the powder output of powder feeding equipment
Mode is coaxial powder-feeding；Lf depositing operation is：Laser power 2-2.5kW, sweep speed 0.4-0.5m/min, powder feeding rate
500-700g/h, Scan slice thickness 0.05-0.1mm.
It is described to contain Ag and Ti in such scheme3SiC2Ni3Al bases spherical powder uses ultrasonic close coupling gas atomization skill
Art is produced to obtain, and its preparation method mainly comprises the following steps：
1) it is 3 by Ni and Al mol ratios：1 chooses Ni powder, Al powder as matrix powder；By the Al powder gross masses of Ni powder
(1.0-5.0) wt.% and (3.0-7.0) wt.%, Ag powder and Ti are chosen respectively3SiC2Powder is as lubrication phase and enhancing phase powder
End；Matrix powder, lubrication are mutually sufficiently mixed with enhancing phase powder；
2) powder after being sufficiently mixed obtained by step 1) is melted under the protection of inert gas, obtains molten alloy
Liquid；
3) molten alloy liquid is atomized, forms globular metallic powder after atomization gained molten drop cooled and solidified, as institute
What is needed contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders.
In such scheme, the powder mixing described in step 1), using vibration batch mixing；Wherein, vibration frequency 45-55Hz,
Vibration force is 10000-12000N, duration of oscillation 30-40min；
In such scheme, preferred nitrogen of the step 2) inert gas etc..Before being filled with inert gas, it is evacuated in advance true
Reciprocal of duty cycle is<0.08Pa；After being filled with inert gas, wherein oxygen content<100ppm.
In such scheme, the temperature melted described in step 2) is 1000-1200 DEG C.
In such scheme, the specific method of atomization is in step 3)：Start atomization rotating disk first, device to be atomized works well
Afterwards, open bleeder valve molten alloy liquid is put on atomization rotating disk, rotating disk is in high speed rotation state, will in atomizer
Molten alloy liquid is atomized.Wherein, rotating 30000-40000r/min；Molten alloy flow quantity 1.2-1.6kg/
min。
In such scheme, contain Ag and Ti needed for step 3)3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders are screened, and particle diameter is preferred
Control is in 53-105 μ ms.
The present invention is able to Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials pass through
Frictional experiment, the results showed that it embodies excellent tribological property, the smaller (average value of coefficient of friction in process of friction and wear
About 0.23-0.26), and fluctuating range is smaller, wear rate is (2.6-2.9) × 10-5mm3/(Nm)。
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, the Ni of sandwich construction of the present invention3Al based self-lubricating materials, which use, contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base balls
Shape powder is raw material, Ag and Ti3SiC2In-situ reaction is in Ni3In Al matrixes, the Ni of the sandwich construction of gained3Al base self-lubricating materials
Expect function admirable, purity height；Lubricant Ti in bottom, intermediate layer, top layer3SiC2Content gradually decreases, and lubricant Ag contents by
It is cumulative to add, the lubricant Ag of quilting material content is improved by appropriateness, can more efficiently play the antifriction effect of lubrication phase,
And make intermediate layer, the lubricant Ti of bottom3SiC2Content is of a relatively high, can preferably play enhancing phase Ti3SiC2In intermediate layer and
The humidification of bottom, bottom is harder so that self-lubricating material be designed as, the softer structure in top.In this way, can be more efficient
Ground plays lubrication phase Ag and enhancing phase Ti3SiC2Anti-friction wear-resistant effect, so as to reduce coefficient of friction of the material in sliding process
And wear rate, make the Ni of preparation3Al based self-lubricating materials, which have, stablizes excellent tribological property.
2nd, the present invention prepares the Ni of sandwich construction using the method for lf deposition3Al based self-lubricating materials, with lubrication
Phase, the mutually equally distributed individual layer self-lubricating material of enhancing are compared, and are ensureing that self-lubricating material possesses excellent anti-friction wear-resistant effect
Under the premise of, be that thickness is smaller by Top-layer Design Method, bottom-layer design is the larger structure of thickness, make quilting material and intermediate layer material with
And the thickness proportion of intermediate layer material and primer is both designed as 1:(4-5) left and right；Ensureing that it is excellent that self-lubricating material possesses
On the premise of anti-friction wear-resistant effect, present invention design is by controlling top layer, intermediate layer and the thickness of primer, so as to maximum limit
Degree ground reduces the cost of manufacture self-lubricating material.
3rd, preparation method of the present invention is simply novel, and technological parameter is easily controlled in preparation process and feasibility is high；The present invention
The required prices of raw materials are moderate, wide material sources, and preparation contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Equipment cost needed for Al base spherical powders compared with
Low, preparation technology is simple and easy to operate, preparation process energy-conserving and environment-protective, is adapted to scale extensive use.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the preparation technology flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is to contain Ag and Ti prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 13SiC2Ni3The ESEM of Al base spherical powders shines
Piece, multiplication factor are 500 times.
Fig. 3 is that the embodiment of the present invention 2 is obtained with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al
The electron probe photo for the polishing scratch that based self-lubricating material obtains after frictional wear experiment.
Fig. 4 is under room temperature condition, tests one kind obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1,2,3 with Ag and Ti3SiC2To lubricate phase
With the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3The PVvalue testing result of Al based self-lubricating materials, test condition are：Load 10N, cunning
Dynamic speed 0.3m/s, 25 DEG C of test temperature room temperature, time 60min, friction radius 5mm.
Fig. 5 is under room temperature condition, tests one kind obtained by the embodiment of the present invention 1,2,3 with Ag and Ti3SiC2To lubricate phase
With the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3The wear rate test result of Al based self-lubricating materials, test condition are：Load 10N, slide
Speed 0.3m/s, 25 DEG C of test temperature room temperature, time 60min, friction radius 5mm.
Embodiment
For a better understanding of the present invention, with reference to the embodiment content that the present invention is furture elucidated, but the present invention is not
It is limited only to the following examples.
In following embodiments, described one kind is with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al
Based self-lubricating material is by containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders are prepared.The present invention provides a kind of specific preparation side
Method, but do not limit its preparation method, what other method was prepared, which meet requirement of the present invention, contains Ag and Ti3SiC2's
Ni3Al bases spherical powder, the Ni of sandwich construction3Al based self-lubricating materials fall within protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention, which provides, contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3The preparation method of Al base spherical powders comprises the following steps：
1) Ni is pressed：Al mol ratios are 3：1 choose matrix powder Ni powder, Al powder, respectively by Ni powder, Al powder gross masses
(1.0-5.0) wt.% and (3.0-7.0) wt.% chooses Ag powder and Ti3SiC2Powder, and powder is sufficiently mixed；
2) after working chamber and spray chamber being extracted into predetermined vacuum, inert protective gas is filled with, reaches environment oxygen content
To predetermined value；Powder after being sufficiently mixed obtained by step 1) is added in high temperature melting furnace and is molten into molten alloy liquid；
3) start atomization rotating disk, after device to be atomized works well, open bleeder valve and put molten alloy liquid obtained by step 2)
Enter to be atomized on rotating disk, rotating disk is in high speed rotation state；Molten alloy liquid is atomized in atomizer, atomized droplet
Cooled and solidified forms globular metallic powder in spray chamber；
4) metal dust is collected in receiving tank, carried out after globular metallic powder is sufficiently cooled to room temperature by Particle size requirements
Screening, as required contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders.
Wherein, the vibration frequency that vibration batch mixing uses is 45-55Hz, vibration force 10000-12000N, and duration of oscillation is
30-40 minutes；Predetermined vacuum is<0.1Pa, inert protective gas are nitrogen, predetermined oxygen content<100ppm, high temperature melting
Furnace temperature is 1000-1200 DEG C；Rotating is 30000-40000r/min, molten alloy flow quantity 1.2-1.6kg/
min；Spherical powder Particle size requirements are 53-105 μm.
As shown in Figure 2：Above-mentioned preparation contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al bases spherical powder is spherical for individual particle, single
A diameter of 53-105 μm of grain, meets the powder diameter requirement needed for lf.
Embodiment 1
One kind is with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials, are divided into bottom
Layer, intermediate layer and top layer, thickness are respectively 8mm, 1.5mm, 0.5mm, and each layer is with Ni3Al is matrix, with Ag and Ti3SiC2For
Lubrication phase and enhancing phase；Wherein Ni and Al mol ratio=3：1, bottom, intermediate layer and top layer Ni3Ag in Al based self-lubricating materials
Quality be respectively matrix Ni31.0wt.%, 2.0wt.% and 4.0wt.% of Al mass；Bottom, intermediate layer and top layer Ni3Al
Ti in based self-lubricating material3SiC2Quality be respectively Ni3Al mass and 6.0wt.%, 4.5wt.% and 3.0wt.%.
It is as shown in figure 1, above-mentioned with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al base self-lubricating materials
Material is by containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders are prepared, and preparation method specifically comprises the following steps：
1) Ni is pressed：Al mol ratio=3：1 0.9 kilogram of selection Ni powder, 0.1 kilogram of Al powder, and 10 grams of Ag powder,
Ti3SiC260 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixes, and obtains for preparing bottom Ni3Al bases moisten certainly
The dispensing one of sliding material；
By Ni：Al mol ratio=3：1 chooses 0.9 kilogram of Ni powder, 0.1 kilogram of Al powder, and 20 grams of Ag powder, Ti3SiC2
45 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixes, and obtains for preparing intermediate layer Ni3Al base self-lubricating materials
The dispensing two of material；
By Ni：Al mol ratio=3：1 chooses 0.9 kilogram of Ni powder, 0.1 kilogram of Al powder, and 40 grams of Ag powder, Ti3SiC2
30 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixes, and obtains for preparing top layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials
Dispensing three；
Gained dispensing one, dispensing two, dispensing three carry out subsequent step 2 respectively) -5), contain different additions to required three kinds
Measure Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders；
2) above-mentioned dispensing is respectively placed in respectively dry-mixed in vibration batch mixer, vibration batch mixing outer tank is cylinder of steel, built-in poly- four
PVF tank, vibration frequency 45Hz, vibration force 10000N, duration of oscillation are 30 minutes；Added after powder is sufficiently mixed
In smelting furnace；
3) working chamber and spray chamber are evacuated to vacuum<0.1Pa, inert protective gas nitrogen is filled with, makes environment oxygen content<
100ppm；Powder after being sufficiently mixed obtained by step 2) is added in high temperature melting furnace and is molten into molten alloy liquid, high melt
Furnace temperature is 1000 DEG C；
4) start atomization rotating disk, after device to be atomized works well, open bleeder valve and put molten alloy liquid obtained by step 3)
Enter to be atomized on rotating disk, alloy flow quantity 1.2kg/min；Rotating disk is set to be in high speed rotation state, rotating speed 30000r/min；
Molten alloy liquid is atomized in atomizer, atomized droplet cooled and solidified in spray chamber forms metal dust；
5) metal dust is collected in receiving tank, is 53-105 μm by particle size range after powder is sufficiently cooled to room temperature
Requirement sieved, obtain three kinds of required Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders；
6) bottom, intermediate layer and top layer Ni are pressed33 times of Al based self-lubricating materials expection finished weight are weighed obtained by step 5)
Three kinds of Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders, it is separately added into the material of lf depositing device outfit
In cylinder (one), barrel (two) and barrel (three)；
7) convey in barrel (one) and contain 1.0wt.%Ag and 6.0wt.%Ti3SiC2Ni3Al bases spherical powder prepares bottom
Layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials, wherein lf depositing operation are：Laser power 2.0kW, sweep speed 0.4m/min, send
Powder rate 500g/h, Scan slice thickness 0.1mm, through laser sintering and moulding, obtain bottom Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials, its thickness are
8mm；
Contain 2.0wt.%Ag and 4.5wt.%Ti in conveying barrel (two)3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders, by barrel
(1) identical lf depositing operation is in the bottom Ni prepared in3Intermediate layer Ni is prepared above Al based self-lubricating materials3Al
Based self-lubricating material, through laser sintering and moulding, obtain intermediate layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials, its thickness are 1.5mm；
Contain 4.0wt.%Ag and 3.0wt.%Ti in conveying barrel (three)3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders, by barrel
(1) identical lf depositing operation is in the intermediate layer Ni prepared in3Top layer Ni is prepared above Al based self-lubricating materials3Al
Based self-lubricating material, through laser sintering and moulding, obtain top layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials, its thickness are 0.5mm；Making respectively
It is standby to complete three layers of Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3After Al based self-lubricating materials, that is, obtain with Ag and Ti3SiC2For profit
The sliding mutually Ni with the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials.
Tested by HVS-1000 type digital display microhardnesses instrument, prepared by embodiment 1 with Ag and Ti3SiC2To lubricate phase
With the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials, its surface hardness are 6.89GPa, relative density 99.4%.Figure
4 (a) and 5 (a) shows：Ni manufactured in the present embodiment3The coefficient of friction of Al based self lubricated composite materials is smaller, and (average value is about
0.24), and fluctuating range is smaller, and wear rate is 2.9 × 10-5mm3/ (Nm), embodies excellent tribological property.
Embodiment 2
One kind is with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials, are divided into bottom
Layer, intermediate layer and top layer, thickness are respectively 7.5mm, 1.55mm, 0.45mm, and each layer is with Ni3Al is matrix, with Ag and
Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and enhancing phase；Wherein Ni and Al mol ratio=3：1, bottom, intermediate layer and top layer Ni3Al base self-lubricatings
Ag quality is respectively matrix Ni in material31.25wt.%, 2.5wt.% and 4.5wt.% of Al mass；Bottom, intermediate layer and
Top layer Ni3Ti in Al based self-lubricating materials3SiC2Quality be respectively Ni3Al mass and 6.5wt.%, 5.0wt.% and
3.5wt.%.
It is as shown in figure 1, above-mentioned with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al base self-lubricating materials
Material is by containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders are prepared, and preparation method specifically comprises the following steps：
1) Ni is pressed：Al mol ratio=3：1 0.9 kilogram of selection Ni powder, 0.1 kilogram of Al powder, and 12.5 grams of Ag powder,
Ti3SiC265 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixes, and obtains for preparing bottom Ni3Al bases moisten certainly
The dispensing one of sliding material；
By Ni：Al mol ratio=3：1 chooses 0.9 kilogram of Ni powder, 0.1 kilogram of Al powder, and 25 grams of Ag powder, Ti3SiC2
50 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixes, and obtains for preparing intermediate layer Ni3Al base self-lubricating materials
The dispensing two of material；
By Ni：Al mol ratio=3：1 chooses 0.9 kilogram of Ni powder, 0.1 kilogram of Al powder, and 45 grams of Ag powder, Ti3SiC2
35 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixes, and obtains for preparing top layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials
Dispensing three；
Gained dispensing one, dispensing two, dispensing three carry out subsequent step 2 respectively) -5), contain different additions to required three kinds
Measure Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders；
2) above-mentioned dispensing is placed in respectively dry-mixed in vibration batch mixer, vibration batch mixing outer tank is cylinder of steel, built-in polytetrafluoroethyl-ne
Alkene tank, vibration frequency 50Hz, vibration force 11000N, duration of oscillation are 35 minutes；Smelting is added after powder is sufficiently mixed
In stove；
3) working chamber and spray chamber are evacuated to vacuum<0.1Pa, inert protective gas nitrogen is filled with, makes environment oxygen content<
100ppm；Powder after being sufficiently mixed obtained by step 2) is added in high temperature melting furnace and is molten into molten alloy liquid, high melt
Furnace temperature is 1100 DEG C；
4) start atomization rotating disk, after device to be atomized works well, open bleeder valve and molten alloy liquid is put into atomization rotating disk
On, alloy flow quantity 1.4kg/min；Rotating disk is set to be in high speed rotation state, rotating speed 35000r/min；Will in atomizer
Molten alloy liquid is atomized, and atomized droplet cooled and solidified in spray chamber forms metal dust；
5) metal dust is collected in receiving tank, is 53-105 μm by particle size range after powder is sufficiently cooled to room temperature
Requirement sieved, obtain three kinds of required Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders；
6) bottom, intermediate layer and top layer Ni are pressed33 times of Al based self-lubricating materials expection finished weight are weighed obtained by step 7)
Three kinds of Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders, it is separately added into the material of lf depositing device outfit
In cylinder (one), barrel (two) and barrel (three)；
7) convey in barrel (one) and contain 1.25wt.%Ag and 6.5wt.%Ti3SiC2Ni3It is prepared by Al bases spherical powder
Bottom Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials, wherein lf depositing operation are：Laser power 2.25kW, sweep speed 0.45m/
Min, powder feeding rate 600g/h, Scan slice thickness 0.05mm, through laser sintering and moulding, obtains bottom Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials, its
Thickness is 7.5mm；
Contain 2.5wt.%Ag and 5.0wt.%Ti in conveying barrel (two)3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders, by barrel
(1) identical lf depositing operation is in the bottom Ni prepared in3Intermediate layer Ni is prepared above Al based self-lubricating materials3Al
Based self-lubricating material, through laser sintering and moulding, obtain intermediate layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials, its thickness are 1.55mm；
Contain 4.5wt.%Ag and 3.5wt.%Ti in conveying barrel (three)3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders, by barrel
(1) identical lf depositing operation is in the intermediate layer Ni prepared in3Top layer Ni is prepared above Al based self-lubricating materials3Al
Based self-lubricating material, through laser sintering and moulding, obtain top layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials, its thickness are 0.45mm；Making respectively
It is standby to complete three layers of Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3After Al based self-lubricating materials, obtain with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication
The Ni of the sandwich construction of phase and enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials.
Tested by HVS-1000 type digital display microhardnesses instrument, prepared by embodiment 2 with Ag and Ti3SiC2To lubricate phase
With the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3The surface hardness of Al based self-lubricating materials is 6.86GPa, relative density 99.5%.By
The Ni of sandwich construction shown in Fig. 33The polishing scratch figure that Al based self-lubricating materials obtain after frictional wear experiment, it is known that worn-out surface
It is smooth.Fig. 4 (b) and 5 (b) show Ni manufactured in the present embodiment3The coefficient of friction of Al based self lubricated composite materials is smaller (flat
About 0.23), and fluctuating range is small for average, and wear rate is 2.6 × 10-5mm3/ (Nm), embodies excellent tribological property.
Embodiment 3
One kind is with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials, are divided into bottom
Layer, intermediate layer and top layer, thickness are respectively 7mm, 1.6mm, 0.4mm, and each layer is with Ni3Al is matrix, with Ag and Ti3SiC2For
Lubrication phase and enhancing phase；Wherein Ni and Al mol ratio=3：1, bottom, intermediate layer and top layer Ni3Ag in Al based self-lubricating materials
Quality be respectively matrix Ni31.5wt.%, 3.0wt.% and 5.0wt.% of Al mass；Bottom, intermediate layer and top layer Ni3Al
Ti in based self-lubricating material3SiC2Quality be respectively Ni3Al mass and 7.0wt.%, 5.5wt.% and 4.0wt.%.
It is as shown in figure 1, above-mentioned with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al base self-lubricating materials
Material is by containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders are prepared, and preparation method specifically comprises the following steps：
1) Ni is pressed：Al mol ratio=3：1 0.9 kilogram of selection Ni powder, 0.1 kilogram of Al powder, and 15 grams of Ag powder,
Ti3SiC270 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixes, and obtains for preparing bottom Ni3Al bases moisten certainly
The dispensing one of sliding material；
By Ni：Al mol ratio=3：1 chooses 0.9 kilogram of Ni powder, 0.1 kilogram of Al powder, and 30 grams of Ag powder, Ti3SiC2
55 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixes, and obtains for preparing intermediate layer Ni3Al base self-lubricating materials
The dispensing two of material；
By Ni：Al mol ratio=3：1 chooses 0.9 kilogram of Ni powder, 0.1 kilogram of Al powder, and 50 grams of Ag powder, Ti3SiC2
40 grams of powder；By Ni powder, Al powder and Ag powder, Ti3SiC2Powder mixes, and obtains for preparing top layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials
Dispensing three；
Gained dispensing one, dispensing two, dispensing three carry out subsequent step 2 respectively) -5), contain different additions to required three kinds
Measure Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders；
2) above-mentioned dispensing is placed in respectively dry-mixed in vibration batch mixer, vibration batch mixing outer tank is cylinder of steel, built-in polytetrafluoroethyl-ne
Alkene tank, vibration frequency 55Hz, vibration force 12000N, duration of oscillation are 40 minutes；Smelting is added after powder is sufficiently mixed
In stove；
3) working chamber and spray chamber are evacuated to vacuum<0.1Pa, inert protective gas nitrogen is filled with, makes environment oxygen content<
100ppm；Powder after being sufficiently mixed, which is added in high temperature melting furnace, is molten into molten alloy liquid, and high melt furnace temperature is
1200℃；
4) start atomization rotating disk, after device to be atomized works well, open bleeder valve and molten alloy liquid is put into atomization rotating disk
On, alloy flow quantity 1.6kg/min；Rotating disk is set to be in high speed rotation state, rotating speed 40000r/min；Will in atomizer
Molten alloy liquid is atomized, and atomized droplet cooled and solidified in spray chamber forms metal dust；
5) metal dust is collected in receiving tank, is 53-105 μm by particle size range after powder is sufficiently cooled to room temperature
Requirement sieved, obtain three kinds of required Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders；
6) bottom, intermediate layer and top layer Ni are pressed33 times of Al based self-lubricating materials expection finished weight are weighed obtained by step 7)
Three kinds of Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders, it is separately added into the material of lf depositing device outfit
In cylinder (one), barrel (two) and barrel (three)；
7) convey in barrel (one) and contain 1.5wt.%Ag and 7.0wt.%Ti3SiC2Ni3Al bases spherical powder prepares bottom
Layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials, wherein lf depositing operation are：Laser power 2.5kW, sweep speed 0.5m/min, send
Powder rate 700g/h, Scan slice thickness 0.05mm, through laser sintering and moulding, obtain bottom Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials, its thickness are
7mm；
Contain 3.0wt.%Ag and 5.5wt.%Ti in conveying barrel (two)3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders, by barrel
(1) identical lf depositing operation is in the bottom Ni prepared in3Intermediate layer Ni is prepared above Al based self-lubricating materials3Al
Based self-lubricating material, through laser sintering and moulding, obtain intermediate layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials, its thickness are 1.6mm；
Contain 5.0wt.%Ag and 4.0wt.%Ti in conveying barrel (three)3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders, by barrel
(1) identical lf depositing operation is in the intermediate layer Ni prepared in3Top layer Ni is prepared above Al based self-lubricating materials3Al
Based self-lubricating material, through laser sintering and moulding, obtain top layer Ni3Al based self-lubricating materials, its thickness are 0.4mm；Making respectively
It is standby to complete three layers of Ag containing Different adding amount and Ti3SiC2Ni3After Al based self-lubricating materials, obtain with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication
The Ni of the sandwich construction of phase and enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials.
Tested by HVS-1000 type digital display microhardnesses instrument, prepared by embodiment 3 with Ag and Ti3SiC2To lubricate phase
With the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3The surface hardness of Al based self-lubricating materials is 6.82GPa, relative density 99.6%.Fig. 4
(c) it is under room temperature condition, the test embodiment of the present invention 3 is obtained with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the sandwich construction of lubrication phase and enhancing phase
Ni3The friction coefficient curve of Al based self-lubricating materials, it is known that the coefficient of friction of the self-lubricating composite is smaller, and (average value is about
0.26), and fluctuating range is small.Fig. 5 (c) shows the Ni for the sandwich construction that embodiment 3 is prepared3The abrasion of Al based self-lubricating materials
Rate is 2.8 × 10-5mm3/(Nm).Understand manufactured in the present embodiment with Ag and Ti3SiC2For the Ni of lubrication phase and enhancing phase3Al bases
Self-lubricating composite shows excellent tribological property.
According to the experimental result of above three embodiment, show that the present invention is able to Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and enhancing
The Ni of the sandwich construction of phase3Al based self-lubricating materials embody excellent tribological property, friction system in process of friction and wear
Number smaller (average value about 0.23-0.26), and fluctuating range is smaller, wear rate is 2.6-2.9 × 10-5mm3/(Nm)。
In summary, the present invention chooses Ag and Ti by adding proportion3SiC2Powder is added to matrix powder Ni powder and Al powder
In, using vibration batch mixing, high-temperature fusion, the technology of rotating disk centrifugal atomizatio, prepare and a kind of possess individual particle structure
Containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powder materials；Then the method for using lf to deposit prepare with Ag and
Ti3SiC2As lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials.The present invention is able to Ag and Ti3SiC2
For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials, its purity is high, compactness is good, has excellent rub
Wipe and learn performance, the coefficient of friction and wear rate in process of friction and wear are relatively low；And the step side involved by preparation process
Method is simple and convenient, suitable for large-scale production.
Each raw material cited by the present invention can realize the present invention, and the bound value of each raw material, interval value can
Realize the present invention, the bound value of technological parameter (such as temperature, rotating speed, laser power, powder feeding rate) of the invention and area
Between value can realize the present invention, embodiment numerous to list herein.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that is come for one of ordinary skill in the art
Say, without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, some modifications and variations can also be made, these belong to the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. Ni of sandwich construction3Al based self-lubricating materials, it is characterised in that it is made up of three layers of top layer, intermediate layer and bottom, Each layer is with Ni3Al is matrix, with Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and enhancing phase；In each layer, Ag and Ti3SiC2Quality difference For matrix Ni3(1.0-5.0) wt.% of Al mass and (3.0-7.0), Ag content gradually subtracts in top layer, intermediate layer and bottom It is few, Ti3SiC2Content gradually increase, and using top layer as with the contact surface secondary to mill.
- A kind of 2. Ni of sandwich construction according to claim 13Al based self-lubricating materials, it is characterised in that top layer Ni3Al bases Ag and Ti in self-lubricating material3SiC2Quality be respectively matrix Ni3(4.0-5.0) wt.% and (3.0-4.0) of Al mass Wt.%；Intermediate layer Ni3Ag and Ti in Al based self-lubricating materials3SiC2Quality be respectively Ni3(2.0-3.0) of Al mass Wt.% and (4.5-5.5) wt.%；Bottom Ni3Ag and Ti in Al based self-lubricating materials3SiC2Quality be respectively Ni3Al mass (1.0-1.5) wt.% and (6.0-7.0) wt.%.
- A kind of 3. Ni of sandwich construction according to claim 13Al based self-lubricating materials, it is characterised in that sandwich construction Ni3The gross thickness of Al based self-lubricating materials is (6.5-10.5) mm, and the thickness of wherein three layers of top layer, intermediate layer and bottom is respectively (0.3-0.5) mm, (1.2-2.0) mm and (5.0-8.0) mm.
- A kind of 4. Ni of sandwich construction3The preparation method of Al based self-lubricating materials, it is characterised in that it is by containing Ag and Ti3SiC2's Ni3Al bases spherical powder is prepared using the method for lf deposition.
- A kind of 5. Ni of sandwich construction according to claim 43The preparation method of Al based self-lubricating materials, it is characterised in that It is described to contain Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders, particle diameter is in 53-105 μ ms, by Ni3Al, Ag and Ti3SiC2Group Into.
- A kind of 6. Ni of sandwich construction according to claim 43The preparation method of Al based self-lubricating materials, it is characterised in that For preparing top layer Ni3The spherical powder of Al based self-lubricating materials, Ag and Ti3SiC2Quality be respectively matrix Ni3Al mass (4.0-5.0) wt.% and (3.0-4.0) wt.%；For preparing intermediate layer Ni3The spherical powder of Al based self-lubricating materials, Ag and Ti3SiC2Quality be respectively Ni3(2.0-3.0) wt.% and (4.5-5.5) wt.% of Al mass；For preparing bottom Ni3Al The spherical powder of based self-lubricating material, Ag and Ti3SiC2Quality be respectively Ni3(1.0-1.5) wt.% and (6.0- of Al mass 7.0) wt.%.
- A kind of 7. Ni of sandwich construction according to claim 43The preparation method of Al based self-lubricating materials, it is characterised in that It is described to contain Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders, its preparation method comprise the following steps：1) it is 3 by Ni and Al mol ratios：1 chooses Ni powder, Al powder as matrix powder；By (the 1.0- of the Al powder gross masses of Ni powder 5.0) wt.% and (3.0-7.0) wt.%, Ag powder and Ti are chosen respectively3SiC2Powder is as lubrication phase and enhancing phase powder；Will Matrix powder, lubrication are mutually sufficiently mixed with enhancing phase powder；2) powder after being sufficiently mixed obtained by step 1) is melted under the protection of inert gas, obtains molten alloy liquid；3) molten alloy liquid is atomized, globular metallic powder is formed after atomization gained molten drop cooled and solidified, it is as required Containing Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders.
- A kind of 8. Ni of sandwich construction according to claim 73The preparation method of Al based self-lubricating materials, it is characterised in that The temperature melted described in step 2) is 1000-1200 DEG C.
- A kind of 9. Ni of sandwich construction according to claim 43The preparation method of the preparation method of Al based self-lubricating materials, It is characterized in that its step of, is as follows：Selection contains Ag and Ti3SiC2Ni3Al base spherical powders, are added in powder feeding equipment, adopt It is sintered to molten metal at a high temperature of laser with lf depositing operation, then by way of being successively superimposed, obtained With Ag and Ti3SiC2For lubrication phase and the Ni of the sandwich construction of enhancing phase3Al based self-lubricating materials.
- A kind of 10. Ni of sandwich construction according to claim 93The preparation method of Al based self-lubricating materials, it is characterised in that The lf depositing operation is：Laser power 2-2.5kW, sweep speed 0.4-0.5m/min, powder feeding rate 500-700g/h, Scan slice thickness is 0.05-0.1mm.
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