CN111262410A - Brushless harmonic excitation direct-current generator with tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability - Google Patents

Brushless harmonic excitation direct-current generator with tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111262410A
CN111262410A CN202010059057.4A CN202010059057A CN111262410A CN 111262410 A CN111262410 A CN 111262410A CN 202010059057 A CN202010059057 A CN 202010059057A CN 111262410 A CN111262410 A CN 111262410A
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China
Prior art keywords
harmonic
rotor
excitation
tooth
winding
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CN202010059057.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
姚飞
孙立志
安群涛
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Donghua University
National Dong Hwa University
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Donghua University
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Priority to CN202010059057.4A priority Critical patent/CN111262410A/en
Publication of CN111262410A publication Critical patent/CN111262410A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/16Stator cores with slots for windings
    • H02K1/165Shape, form or location of the slots
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/16Synchronous generators
    • H02K19/26Synchronous generators characterised by the arrangement of exciting windings
    • H02K19/28Synchronous generators characterised by the arrangement of exciting windings for self-excitation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/04Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/12Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
    • H02K3/16Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots for auxiliary purposes, e.g. damping or commutating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/04Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/18Windings for salient poles
    • H02K3/20Windings for salient poles for auxiliary purposes, e.g. damping or commutating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00Details of windings
    • H02K3/04Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a brushless harmonic excitation direct-current generator with tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability, which adopts an integer slot structure, wherein a stator comprises a stator core, a plurality of grooves are arranged on the stator core along the circumferential direction, two sets of windings are arranged in each groove, one set of windings is a motor stator armature winding, and the other set of windings is a stator harmonic winding; the rotor comprises a rotor core, the rotor core comprises a main tooth and a branch tooth, the branch tooth is arranged at the end part of the main tooth, a rotor excitation winding is sleeved on the main tooth, and a rotor harmonic winding is sleeved on the branch tooth; and the rotor harmonic winding is connected with the rotor excitation winding through a rotating rectifier. The invention adopts the harmonic electromotive force of the rotor teeth to realize the self-excitation voltage stabilization function, has quick dynamic response, adopts the stator harmonic winding for excitation, and is convenient for realizing the excitation regulation.

Description

Brushless harmonic excitation direct-current generator with tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of direct current generators, in particular to a brushless harmonic excitation direct current generator with tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability.
Background
The permanent magnet synchronous generator has the excellent characteristics of high power density, high efficiency and the like, and is widely applied to the industrial fields of mobile power supplies such as vehicle-mounted generators and the like, wind power generation and the like. However, there are always three problems to be solved with permanent magnet synchronous generators: (1) the excitation magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet is difficult to adjust, and stable voltage is difficult to output when the rotating speed changes; (2) the permanent magnet material has the risk of loss of magnetism, so that the motor cannot work; (3) with the increasingly widespread use of permanent magnet materials, the price of the permanent magnet materials is high, and the dosage needs to be reduced. The consumption of permanent magnet materials in the hybrid excitation motor is less, but the problems of the loss of field risk and the like still exist. In addition, the hybrid excitation motor is generally complex in structure, and the manufacturing cost is increased. The excitation source of the hybrid excitation motor comprises a permanent magnet and an electric excitation coil, and the structure and the performance of the excitation source mainly depend on the electric excitation mode. Therefore, electrically exciting the generator is an important way to solve the above-mentioned problems.
A key technology in electrically excited electrical machines is how to transfer electrical energy to the rotor. The traditional electric excitation generator adopts an electric brush and a slip ring to carry out contact excitation, and the excitation mode has the problems of frequent faults and the like. Brushless excitation modes are also various, a large-scale generator adopts a rotary exciter for excitation, the rotary exciter enables the axial length of the motor to be increased, the overall power density is reduced, and meanwhile the dynamic response speed of a motor system is also reduced. Coupling transformer excited machines increase the axial length of the machine, plus the additional air gap through which the magnetic flux passes, resulting in a reduction in power density. In addition, the shell type U-shaped concentric iron core formed by silicon steel sheets is complex in manufacturing process and heavy in size, and the manufacturing cost is increased. The tooth harmonic excitation motor can realize brushless excitation, but the excitation source of the tooth harmonic excitation motor comes from the tooth harmonic wave inherent to the motor, so that the excitation current regulation range is limited.
The output voltage of the existing electric excitation generator is adjusted by changing the excitation current, and the defect of slow dynamic response speed exists. The slow dynamic response can result in the impact of high voltage and large current on the subsequent stages such as the power converter. At the same time, high performance voltage and excitation regulators may increase generator system cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a brushless harmonic excitation direct-current generator with tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability, which solves the defects of low output voltage stability, low dynamic response speed, high performance voltage, high excitation regulator cost and the like of the conventional synchronous generator by changing excitation current to regulate output voltage.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the brushless harmonic excitation direct-current generator with the tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability adopts an integer slot structure and comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the rotor is positioned in the stator and can rotate in the stator along with a rotating shaft; the motor stator armature winding is connected with a load through an uncontrollable rectifier, and the stator harmonic winding is introduced with direct current and used for generating an equivalent third harmonic magnetic field in an air gap; the rotor comprises a rotor core, the rotor core comprises a main tooth and a branch tooth, the branch tooth is arranged at the end part of the main tooth, a rotor excitation winding is sleeved on the main tooth, and a rotor harmonic winding is sleeved on the branch tooth; the rotor harmonic winding is connected with the rotor excitation winding through a rotating rectifier; the brushless harmonic excitation direct current generator realizes the self-excitation voltage stabilization function through the rotor tooth harmonic electromotive force.
The stator is of a 2m p slot structure, wherein m is the number of motor phases, and p is the number of motor pole pairs.
The motor stator armature winding is a star-type connection three-phase alternating current winding, adopts a single-layer or double-layer structure, and has a pitch of m, wherein m is the number of motor phases.
The stator harmonic winding is a single-phase winding and adopts a single-layer structure, the pitch is m/3, and m is the number of motor phases.
The rotor is of a 2 n-pole structure, wherein n is a positive integer.
The pitch of the rotor harmonic winding is 1/3 the pitch of the rotor field winding.
Advantageous effects
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects: the invention provides a brushless harmonic excitation direct-current generator with tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability on the basis of the existing established harmonic excitation technology. This motor possesses the advantage in four aspects: (1) the self-excitation voltage stabilization function is realized by adopting the harmonic electromotive force of the rotor teeth, and the dynamic response is fast. (2) And the stator harmonic winding is adopted for excitation, so that the excitation regulation is convenient to realize. (3) The generator is an electric excitation motor, and has strong rapid magnetic capacity under the fault. (4) The motor system only comprises an uncontrollable rectification power electronic circuit, and has the advantages of simple and firm structure and high reliability. The brushless harmonic excitation direct-current generator with the tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability is suitable for industrial application fields such as wind power generation, hybrid electric vehicles and the like due to the four excellent characteristics.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a brushless harmonic excitation DC generator system with a tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a brushless harmonic excitation DC generator motor body with a tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the regulation of the tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization of the brushless harmonic excitation dc generator with tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a brushless harmonic excitation direct-current generator with tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability, which adopts an integer slot structure and comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the rotor is positioned in the stator and can rotate in the stator along with a rotating shaft; the motor stator armature winding is connected with a load through an uncontrollable rectifier, and the stator harmonic winding is introduced with direct current and used for generating an equivalent third harmonic magnetic field in an air gap; the rotor comprises a rotor core, the rotor core comprises a main tooth and a branch tooth, the branch tooth is arranged at the end part of the main tooth, a rotor excitation winding is sleeved on the main tooth, and a rotor harmonic winding is sleeved on the branch tooth; the rotor harmonic winding is connected with the rotor excitation winding through a rotating rectifier, and the self-excitation voltage stabilization function is achieved through rotor tooth harmonic electromotive force.
As shown in fig. 1, the stator armature winding of the brushless harmonic excitation dc generator having the tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability according to the present embodiment is connected to a load via an uncontrollable rectifier, and outputs a dc power. Direct current is introduced into the stator harmonic winding, and an equivalent third harmonic magnetic field can be generated in the air gap. The brushless harmonic excitation direct-current generator rotor side electric excitation winding with the tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability and the rotor harmonic winding are connected through the rotating rectifier. The alternating current in the rotor harmonic winding is rectified by the rotating rectifier to provide exciting current for the exciting winding. As the rotor rotates, induced electromotive force may be generated in the rotor harmonic windings. After the rotor harmonic winding has induced electromotive force, the induced electromotive force is rectified by the rotating rectifier to provide exciting current for the exciting winding.
The rotor in this embodiment is a 2n pole structure, where n is a positive integer and the actual number of poles depends on the rotor diameter size and the manufacturing process. As shown in fig. 2, the brushless harmonic excitation dc generator rotor having the tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability according to the present embodiment has a 4-pole structure, and the rotor is provided with main teeth 5 and branch teeth 6. The excitation winding 1 is nested on the main tooth 5, and the rotor harmonic winding 2 is nested on the branch tooth 6. The rotor harmonic winding pitch is 1/3 the excitation winding pitch.
The stator in the present embodiment may also be in a 2m × p (m is the number of motor phases, and p is the number of motor pole pairs) slot structure, the stator armature winding is an m-phase winding, and has a single-layer or double-layer structure, and the pitch is m; the stator harmonic winding is a single-phase winding and has a single-layer structure and a pitch of m/3. As shown in fig. 2, the brushless harmonic excitation dc generator stator having the tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability according to the present embodiment has a 12-slot structure, a star-connection three-phase ac winding in the stator armature winding 3, a single-layer structure, and a pitch of 3. The stator harmonic winding 4 is a single-phase winding with a single-layer structure and a pitch of 1.
As shown in fig. 3, the brushless harmonic excitation dc generator with the tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability according to the present embodiment adopts an integer slot structure (Z/2p is an integer, Z is the number of stator slots, and p is the number of rotor pole pairs), and realizes the tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization function by using an armature tooth harmonic magnetic field generated by a load current and a tooth harmonic flux guide. When the load current is increased or decreased, the tooth harmonic electromotive force induced by the rotor harmonic winding is respectively increased and decreased, the demagnetization effect of the armature magnetic field is compensated, and the aim of stabilizing the output voltage of the generator is achieved.
Specifically, the motor adopts an integer slot structure, and the generated tooth harmonic electromotive force is large. In a traditional synchronous generator, when the load current is increased due to the change of the load of the generator, the armature magnetic field is enhanced, and when the load is a resistive load or an inductive load, the armature magnetic field is demagnetized, so that the armature electromotive force is reduced, and the stability of the output voltage is influenced. In the brushless harmonic excitation dc generator with the tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability proposed in the present embodiment, when the load current increases, the armature magnetic field is enhanced. The harmonic electromotive force generated in the rotor harmonic winding by the action of the armature magnetic field and the tooth harmonic magnetic conductance is also increased, so that the exciting current is increased, and the armature electromotive force is further increased. This compensates for the armature electromotive force attenuated by the armature demagnetizing field, and keeps the output voltage of the generator stable. The voltage compensation has stable dynamic response speed faster than that of a voltage stabilizer.
In a traditional synchronous generator, when the load current is reduced due to the change of the load of the generator, an armature magnetic field is weakened, and when the load is a resistive load or an inductive load, the demagnetization effect of the armature magnetic field is weakened, so that the armature electromotive force is increased, and the stability of the output voltage is influenced. In the brushless harmonic excitation dc generator having the tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability according to the present embodiment, the armature magnetic field is weakened when the load current is reduced. The harmonic electromotive force generated in the rotor harmonic winding by the action of the armature magnetic field and the tooth harmonic magnetic conductance phase is also reduced, so that the exciting current is reduced, and further the armature electromotive force is reduced. This compensates for the weakened demagnetization of the armature field and keeps the output voltage of the generator stable. The dynamic response speed of the voltage stabilization compensation mode is high.

Claims (6)

1. A brushless harmonic excitation direct current generator with tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability adopts an integer slot structure and comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the rotor is positioned in the stator and can rotate in the stator along with a rotating shaft; the rotor comprises a rotor core, the rotor core comprises a main tooth and a branch tooth, the branch tooth is arranged at the end part of the main tooth, a rotor excitation winding is sleeved on the main tooth, and a rotor harmonic winding is sleeved on the branch tooth; the rotor harmonic winding is connected with the rotor excitation winding through a rotating rectifier; the brushless harmonic excitation direct current generator realizes the self-excitation voltage stabilization function through the rotor tooth harmonic electromotive force.
2. The brushless harmonic excited dc generator with tooth harmonic self-excited voltage stabilizing capability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stator has a 2m x p slot structure, where m is the number of motor phases and p is the number of motor pole pairs.
3. The brushless harmonic excited dc generator with tooth harmonic self-excited voltage stabilizing capability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the motor stator armature winding is star-connected three-phase ac winding, adopting single-layer or double-layer structure, and the pitch is m, where m is the number of motor phases.
4. The brushless harmonic excited dc generator with tooth harmonic self-excited voltage stabilizing capability according to claim 1, wherein the stator harmonic winding is a single-phase winding, and adopts a single-layer structure, and the pitch is m/3, where m is the number of motor phases.
5. The brushless harmonic excited dc generator with tooth harmonic self-excited voltage stabilizing capability according to claim 1, wherein the rotor has a 2 n-pole structure, where n is a positive integer.
6. The brushless harmonic excited dc generator with tooth harmonic self-excited voltage stabilizing capability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pitch of the rotor harmonic windings is 1/3 of the pitch of the rotor excitation windings.
CN202010059057.4A 2020-01-19 2020-01-19 Brushless harmonic excitation direct-current generator with tooth harmonic self-excitation voltage stabilization capability Pending CN111262410A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116054438A (en) * 2023-01-13 2023-05-02 南京航空航天大学 Stator slot multiplexing type induction excitation motor and method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN102185448A (en) * 2011-05-09 2011-09-14 清华大学 Hybrid excitation permanent magnet motor for wireless transmission and tooth harmonic excitation
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CN103904856A (en) * 2014-04-22 2014-07-02 哈尔滨工业大学 Brushless harmonic excitation synchronous generator with initial self-excitation capacity
CN104638860A (en) * 2013-11-11 2015-05-20 黄劭刚 AC (alternating-current) exciter with harmonic waves self-excited and poles mixed
CN108880158A (en) * 2018-07-19 2018-11-23 哈尔滨工业大学 The harmonic field of synchronous motor and the motor with discrete orthogonal harmonic winding orients brushless excitation method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102005875A (en) * 2010-11-08 2011-04-06 华北电力大学 Brushless parallel-structure hybrid excitation synchronous generator without additional air gap
CN102185448A (en) * 2011-05-09 2011-09-14 清华大学 Hybrid excitation permanent magnet motor for wireless transmission and tooth harmonic excitation
CN104638860A (en) * 2013-11-11 2015-05-20 黄劭刚 AC (alternating-current) exciter with harmonic waves self-excited and poles mixed
CN103887908A (en) * 2014-04-22 2014-06-25 哈尔滨工业大学 Brushless harmonic excitation synchronous motor
CN103904856A (en) * 2014-04-22 2014-07-02 哈尔滨工业大学 Brushless harmonic excitation synchronous generator with initial self-excitation capacity
CN108880158A (en) * 2018-07-19 2018-11-23 哈尔滨工业大学 The harmonic field of synchronous motor and the motor with discrete orthogonal harmonic winding orients brushless excitation method

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姚飞: "基于零序空间谐波磁场励磁的无刷同步电机特性研究", 《中国博士学位论文全文数据库》 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116054438A (en) * 2023-01-13 2023-05-02 南京航空航天大学 Stator slot multiplexing type induction excitation motor and method
CN116054438B (en) * 2023-01-13 2024-04-02 南京航空航天大学 Stator slot multiplexing type induction excitation motor and method

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Application publication date: 20200609