CN111262022A - Circularly polarized antenna - Google Patents
Circularly polarized antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111262022A CN111262022A CN202010063201.1A CN202010063201A CN111262022A CN 111262022 A CN111262022 A CN 111262022A CN 202010063201 A CN202010063201 A CN 202010063201A CN 111262022 A CN111262022 A CN 111262022A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
Abstract
The invention provides a circularly polarized antenna. The antenna comprises an SMA joint, an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate which are arranged in a stacked mode, wherein a parasitic patch is arranged on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate, a radiation patch and a Wilkinson power divider feed network are arranged on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate, a ground plate is arranged on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate, a branch port of the Wilkinson power divider feed network is connected with the radiation patch, and a combination port is connected with the SMA joint to carry out side feed type feed so as to realize circular polarization wave radiation; the upper dielectric substrate projects and reflects part of the radiation wave, so that the waves outside the upper dielectric substrate are superposed in phase. The invention adopts the laminated structure with the additional parasitic patch, improves the radiation efficiency of the antenna and improves the gain of the antenna; the structure is simple, the circularly polarized radiation mode is realized, the section is low, the array is easy to assemble, and the array can be widely applied to communication systems such as satellites and radars.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a circularly polarized antenna, in particular to a microstrip antenna used in Ku waveband high-gain mobile communication.
Background
With the increasing complexity of electromagnetic environment, wireless communication systems put higher demands on the operating performance of antennas as core devices. When linearly polarized waves encounter obstacles to be reflected in the propagation process, polarization and multipath effects occur, the receiving level of an antenna is sharply reduced, and the communication quality is difficult to ensure. In contrast, circular polarization wave energy overcomes level fading caused by polarization splitting, and a circular polarization special polarization mode enables a circular polarization antenna to have strong anti-interference capability. The microstrip antenna has the advantages of small size, light weight, easiness in shaping and the like, and various structures can be conveniently designed to meet the requirement of circular polarization performance. However, the microstrip antenna has the defects of narrow inherent bandwidth and low gain, requires the antenna to feed circularly polarized radiation laterally, and has high (more than 7dB) gain, and the conventional antenna technology cannot meet the requirement. One possible idea is to improve the design of a circularly polarized microstrip antenna to meet the high gain requirement.
The conventional antenna usually radiates polarized waves, and cuts off a part of the radiation patch at two opposite corners of the radiation patch to make the original TM of the patch11Two modes are changed, and circularly polarized waves can be excited. However, this type of antenna has a high Q value, a narrow impedance bandwidth (not more than 5%) and a low gain (not more than 5 dB). John d.kraus proposes a helical antenna structure, which has a large metal ground plate and uses a coaxial line for feeding, and excites circularly polarized waves in the axial direction of the antenna, but the antenna belongs to a structure, and has a high section and is difficult to grasp in processing precision. Luo adopts the basic form of an orthogonal dipole, and realizes self phase shift through two stepped dipoles with different widths, thereby realizing circular polarized wave radiation. Takacs, a.t.idda et al propose to reduce the antenna volume by 70% by introducing a fractal structure, but increase the structural complexity of the antenna. PAN et al propose an omni-directional circularly polarized dielectric resonant antenna with an inclined slot on each sidewall of the resonant dielectric, with parasitic stubs added to the slot to extend the bandwidth. Fang et al propose a dual-band dual-mode dielectric resonator antenna that uses an orthogonal feed to excite circularly polarized waves. However, the gain of the antenna structure is less than 7dB, and the axial ratio bandwidth and the impedance bandwidth cannot be considered at the same time, which does not satisfy the circular polarization high-gain design. The conventional method of increasing the gain is most effectiveThe method is to increase the number of array elements, but often introduce a complex feed network, increase the design difficulty, increase the cost of processing and manufacturing, and have the influence of mutual coupling among units, resulting in the reduction of the radiation efficiency of the antenna. Another most straightforward way is to increase the floor area, however an excessively large floor would increase the volume and manufacturing costs of the antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that: the traditional method for improving the gain cannot simultaneously give consideration to the axial ratio bandwidth and the impedance bandwidth and cannot meet the problem of circular polarization high-gain design.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a circularly polarized antenna, which is characterized in that: the antenna comprises an SMA joint, an upper dielectric substrate and a lower dielectric substrate which are arranged in a stacked mode, wherein a parasitic patch is arranged on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate, a radiation patch and a Wilkinson power divider feed network are arranged on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate, a ground plate is arranged on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate, a branch port of the Wilkinson power divider feed network is connected with the radiation patch, and a combination port is connected with the SMA joint to carry out side feed type feed so as to realize circular polarization wave radiation; the upper dielectric substrate projects and reflects part of the radiation wave, so that the waves outside the upper dielectric substrate are superposed in phase.
Preferably, a grounding outer wall playing a reinforcing role is arranged between the SMA connector and the Wilkinson power divider feed network, the grounding outer wall is connected with the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate, and the SMA connector penetrates through the grounding outer wall to be connected with a combining port of the Wilkinson power divider feed network.
Preferably, the parasitic patch is disposed directly above the radiating patch.
Preferably, the radiating patch is rectangular, and the parasitic patch has the same shape and size as the radiating patch.
Preferably, an air layer is left between the upper dielectric substrate and the lower dielectric substrate.
Preferably, an isolation resistor for reducing mutual energy coupling between the two branch ports and increasing the isolation of the branch ports is arranged at a connection position of an impedance transformation section and the branch ports of the wilkinson power divider feed network.
Preferably, the isolation resistor is arranged at the junction of the 1/4 lambda impedance transformation section and the shunt port of the Wilkinson power divider feed network.
Preferably, the grounding outer wall is a metal grounding outer wall.
Preferably, the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate is 1 mm.
Preferably, the radiating patch has a size of 0.29 λ × 0.29 λ.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the laminated structure of the double-dielectric-plate additional parasitic patch is adopted, the overall height of the antenna is 0.1 lambda, the section is low, and the gain and the beam scanning can be improved in an array mode;
(2) in the frequency band range of Ku wave band 12.25GHz-12.95GHz, the reflection coefficients are all less than-10 dB, the axial ratio is less than-3 dB, and the maximum gain is 8.31 dB.
(3) The antenna has simple structure, insensitive impedance, gain and other properties along with the change of structural parameters, and can tolerate certain processing errors;
(4) the metal outer wall is adopted to fix the upper and lower side medium substrates and the SMA connector, so that the radiation paster is prevented from being punched and corroded, and the processing procedure is simplified. Meanwhile, the SMA connector can keep good grounding performance, and antenna signals can be stably transmitted.
The invention adopts the Wilkinson feed network structure, and circular polarization radiation waves are excited on the rectangular radiation patch, so that multipath interference can be effectively inhibited, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved, and the gain of the antenna is improved. The isolation resistor of 100 omega is introduced into the connection position of the 1/4 lambda impedance transformation section of the Wilkinson power divider feed network and the two branch ports, so that energy reflected by the two branch ports can be eliminated, the isolation degree of the branch ports is increased, the cross polarization level is reduced, and the circular polarization characteristic is optimized. The invention has low section and low processing cost, is easy to construct a circularly polarized antenna array, improves the gain of the antenna, realizes polarization control and beam forming by changing the amplitude and the phase of the exciting current, and can be widely applied to the fields of high-gain antennas, near-field focusing antennas and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the surface current distribution of the antenna radiation patch of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the simulation of the reflection coefficient of the antenna of the present invention, wherein the abscissa is frequency (unit: GHz) and the ordinate is the reflection coefficient (unit: dB);
FIG. 5 is a simulated directional diagram of two major planes of the antenna of the present invention, wherein the abscissa is the pitch angle (unit: degree) of the antenna and the ordinate is the radiation gain (unit: dB) of the antenna on the two major planes (E-plane, H-plane);
FIG. 6 is a graph of axial ratio of the antenna of the present invention, wherein the abscissa is frequency (unit: GHz) and the ordinate is axial ratio (unit: dB);
FIG. 7 is a graph of the change in the reflection coefficient of the antenna of the present invention with respect to the length a of the radiating patch, wherein the abscissa is the frequency (unit: GHz) and the ordinate is the reflection coefficient (unit: dB);
FIG. 8 is a graph of the change in the reflection coefficient of the antenna of the present invention with the position dd of the isolation resistor, where the abscissa is the frequency (unit: GHz) and the ordinate is the reflection coefficient (unit: dB);
FIG. 9 is a gain curve of the antenna of the present invention with the upper dielectric substrate removed, wherein the abscissa is the pitch angle (unit: degrees) of the antenna and the ordinate is the radiation gain (unit: dB) of the antenna in two major planes (E-plane, H-plane);
FIG. 10 is a graph of the gain of the antenna of the present invention as a function of the thickness H of the air layer, where the abscissa is the pitch angle (in degrees) of the antenna and the ordinate is the radiation gain (in dB) of the antenna in two major planes (E-plane, H-plane);
FIG. 11 is a graph of the reflection coefficient of the antenna of the present invention as a function of the thickness h of the air layer, where the abscissa is the frequency (unit: GHz) and the ordinate is the reflection coefficient (unit: dB).
Detailed Description
In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a circularly polarized antenna, which includes an upper dielectric substrate 1, a parasitic patch 2, a lower dielectric substrate 3, a wilkinson power divider feed network 4, a radiation patch 5, an isolation resistor 6, a ground plate 7, a metal grounding outer wall 8, and an SMA connector 9. An upper dielectric substrate 1 and a lower dielectric substrate 3 are arranged in an up-and-down stacked mode, a parasitic patch 2 is installed on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate 1, a radiation patch 5 and a Wilkinson power divider feed network 4 are installed on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate 3, a grounding plate 7 is installed on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate, a shunt port of the Wilkinson power divider feed network 4 is connected with the radiation patch 5, an SMA joint 9 penetrates through a metal grounding outer wall 8 and extends to a combined port of the Wilkinson power divider feed network 4 to be connected with the Wilkinson power divider feed network 4, and side feed type feeding is carried out; the metal grounding outer wall 8 is connected with the upper dielectric substrate 1 and the lower dielectric substrate 3, and plays a role in fixing the relative positions of the parasitic patch 2, the radiation patch 5, the SMA joint 9 and the Wilkinson power divider feed network 4.
The radiation patch 5 is rectangular, the size is 0.29 lambda multiplied by 0.29 lambda, the wavelength lambda is 0.24 meter, the size of the grounding plate 7 is 1.5 lambda multiplied by 1.7 lambda, the height of an air layer between the upper dielectric substrate 1 and the lower dielectric substrate 3 is 0.04 lambda, the parasitic patch 2 is positioned right above the radiation patch 5, and the size of the parasitic patch 2 is consistent with that of the radiation patch 5. The Wilkinson power divider feed network 4 is adopted to carry out double-feed point feed on the radiation patch 5, a pair of linear polarization degenerate modes with orthogonal polarization is excited, the Wilkinson power divider feed network 4 is utilized to enable the amplitudes of the two linear polarization degenerate modes to be equal and the phase difference to be 90 degrees, and therefore circular polarization radiation is achieved. The upper dielectric plate enables the outer sides of the dielectric plates to be superposed in phase through partial projection and reflection of the radiation waves, and therefore antenna gain is improved. A100 omega isolation resistor 6 is introduced at the connection position of an 1/4 lambda impedance transformation section of a Wilkinson power divider feed network 4 and two branch ports, the size is 1mm multiplied by 2mm, the energy mutual coupling between the two branch ports is reduced, and the isolation degree of the two branch ports is increased, so that the working frequency of the power divider is widened, and the feed requirement of a circularly polarized antenna is met. However, the antenna is designed by introducing one isolation resistor 6 in consideration of the fact that a plurality of isolation resistors are comprehensively introduced to cause larger insertion loss, a plurality of sections of microstrip lines cause larger radiation loss to bring larger backward radiation, the antenna directional diagram is influenced, and meanwhile, the design complexity and the processing cost are considered.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the current distribution on the surface of the radiation patch when the main working frequency point is set at 12.5GHz, it can be seen that the current density in the direct contact area between the wilkinson power divider feed network 4 and the radiation patch 5 is relatively large, and the current density at the center position of the radiation patch 5 is relatively small, the current distribution makes equal-amplitude difference between the equivalent magnetic currents on two adjacent sides 90 degrees, and the radiation is far-field circular polarization component.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of simulated reflection coefficients of the antenna, wherein the reflection coefficients are all less than-10 dB and the resonant frequency is 12.8GHz within the frequency band range of 12.25GHz-12.95GHz in the Ku band. Fig. 5 is a directional diagram of the antenna in two main planes, and it can be seen that the antenna is a left-handed circularly polarized antenna, the left-handed polarization gains of the E-plane and the H-plane right above the antenna are both higher than the right-handed polarization gain, the gain is 8.38dB at most, and the cross polarization of the E-plane is slightly better than that of the H-plane. FIG. 6 is a plot of the axial ratio of the antenna in the frequency band of 12.25GHz-12.95GHz, which is less than-3 dB.
Fig. 7 is a graph of antenna reflection coefficient as a function of radiating patch length a. With the increase of the length a of the radiation patch 5, the resonance frequency band of the antenna gradually widens, and the resonance frequency point slowly moves to the low frequency, however, the reflection coefficient becomes larger, the curve becomes flatter, and the return loss of the antenna becomes larger and larger. Therefore, the size of the radiation patch 5 directly determines the resonant frequency of the antenna, the resonant frequency of the antenna is determined to be about 12.5GHz according to design requirements, and the size of the radiation patch 5 can be further determined according to the resonance principle of lambda/4-lambda/2.
Fig. 8 is a graph of reflectance versus isolation resistor position. The distance between the isolation resistor 6 and the Wilkinson power divider feed network 4 is dd, the reflection coefficient curve of the antenna is flatter along with the reduction of dd, the resonance frequency band is always kept at 12.8GHz, and the bandwidth of the antenna is kept unchanged, which shows that the antenna characteristic is insensitive to the welding position change of the isolation resistor 6 and has stronger fault tolerance.
Fig. 9 is a gain curve of the antenna with the upper dielectric substrate removed. Compared with fig. 5, the trend of the overall gain curve of the antenna after the upper dielectric substrate 1 is removed is consistent with that after the upper dielectric substrate 1 is added, the left-hand circularly polarized gain directly above the radiation patch 5 obviously dominates, but the highest gain is only 5.7 dB. After the air layer is introduced, the capacitive component of the antenna is increased, the inductive component introduced by the SMA joint 9 is counteracted, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved, and meanwhile, the external homodromous component is superposed to further improve the gain of the antenna through the projection and reflection of the upper medium substrate 1 to the radiation wave.
Fig. 10 investigates the effect of air layer thickness h on gain. Wherein h takes three values of 1.5mm, 2mm and 2.5mm respectively, and has an error range of 1 mm. As shown in the figure, the corresponding antenna gains under different h are very close, which indicates that the antenna has stronger fault tolerance when being installed on the upper dielectric slab. The antenna gain changes very slightly with the thickness of the air layer, which shows that the antenna has strong fault tolerance when being mounted on the upper medium substrate 1. As shown in fig. 11, as the thickness hs of the upper dielectric substrate 1 increases, the resonance frequency gradually shifts to a low frequency, the return loss decreases, and the impedance bandwidth gradually narrows. The main reason is that the increase of hs causes more energy to be consumed on the feed network, which in turn reduces the radiation efficiency of the antenna. Meanwhile, the increase of hs also causes the antenna normal phase gain curve to show a descending trend. As the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate 1 increases, the whole antenna resonance frequency band moves to a low frequency, and this characteristic is easy to realize the miniaturization design of the antenna, however, when the thickness of the upper dielectric substrate 1 increases to 1.8mm, the S parameter curve becomes worse, especially around the resonance frequency, and the weight of the antenna is increased by the excessive thickness of the upper dielectric substrate 1, which increases the difficulty of the antenna assembly. In order to meet the requirements of design and processing at the same time, the invention adopts the upper medium substrate 1 with the thickness of 1mm, and the filling material is RogersRT/duroid5880 (tm).
Claims (10)
1. A circularly polarized antenna, comprising: the antenna comprises an SMA joint (9), and an upper dielectric substrate (1) and a lower dielectric substrate (3) which are stacked, wherein a parasitic patch (2) is arranged on the lower surface of the upper dielectric substrate (1), a radiation patch (5) and a Wilkinson power divider feed network (4) are arranged on the upper surface of the lower dielectric substrate (3), a grounding plate (7) is arranged on the lower surface of the lower dielectric substrate, a branch port of the Wilkinson power divider feed network (4) is connected with the radiation patch (5), and a combiner port is connected with the SMA joint (9) to carry out side feed type feed so as to realize circular polarization wave radiation; the upper dielectric substrate (1) projects and reflects part of the radiated wave, so that the external waves of the upper dielectric substrate (1) are superposed in phase.
2. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: and a grounding outer wall playing a reinforcing role is arranged between the SMA connector (9) and the Wilkinson power divider feed network (4), the grounding outer wall is connected with the upper dielectric substrate (1) and the lower dielectric substrate (3), and the SMA connector (9) penetrates through the grounding outer wall to be connected with a combining port of the Wilkinson power divider feed network (4).
3. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the parasitic patch (2) is arranged right above the radiation patch (5).
4. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the radiating patch (5) is rectangular, and the shape and the size of the parasitic patch (2) are the same as those of the radiating patch (5).
5. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: an air layer is left between the upper dielectric substrate (1) and the lower dielectric substrate (3).
6. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: and an isolation resistor (6) for reducing mutual energy coupling between the two branch ports and increasing the isolation degree of the branch ports is arranged at the connection position of the impedance transformation section and the branch ports of the Wilkinson power divider feed network (4).
7. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 6, wherein: the isolation resistor (6) is arranged at the junction of the 1/4 lambda impedance transformation section and the shunt port of the Wilkinson power divider feed network (4).
8. A circularly polarized antenna according to claim 2, wherein: the grounding outer wall is a metal grounding outer wall (8).
9. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the upper medium substrate (1) is 1 mm.
10. The circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein: the radiating patch (5) has dimensions of 0.29 x 0.29 lambda.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010063201.1A CN111262022A (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2020-01-20 | Circularly polarized antenna |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010063201.1A CN111262022A (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2020-01-20 | Circularly polarized antenna |
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| CN111262022A true CN111262022A (en) | 2020-06-09 |
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| CN202010063201.1A Pending CN111262022A (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2020-01-20 | Circularly polarized antenna |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113193350A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-30 | 人民华智通讯技术有限公司 | A no silver thick liquid microstrip antenna for location |
| CN114336026A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十三研究所 | Millimeter wave antenna |
| WO2022155989A1 (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2022-07-28 | 佛山市三水瑞莱尔通讯设备有限公司 | Antenna and combined antenna |
| WO2023225422A1 (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2023-11-23 | Raytheon Company | Low-profile circularly-polarized antenna |
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| CN101859927A (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2010-10-13 | 电子科技大学 | LTCC lamination double-fed circularly polarized micro-strip paster antenna |
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| WO2019238474A1 (en) * | 2018-06-13 | 2019-12-19 | The Queen's University Of Belfast | Antenna with multiple propagation modes |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022155989A1 (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2022-07-28 | 佛山市三水瑞莱尔通讯设备有限公司 | Antenna and combined antenna |
| CN113193350A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-30 | 人民华智通讯技术有限公司 | A no silver thick liquid microstrip antenna for location |
| CN114336026A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十三研究所 | Millimeter wave antenna |
| WO2023225422A1 (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2023-11-23 | Raytheon Company | Low-profile circularly-polarized antenna |
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