CN111259479A - Gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on measured data - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on measured data, which approximates actual uplift pressure distribution through a measured uplift pressure connection line of two adjacent points and comprises the following steps of calculating an actual uplift pressure area Mt and a standard uplift pressure area St; comparing the values of Mt and St, if Mt is greater than or equal to St, starting blue alarm and carrying out the next step; calculating vertical normal stress and main stress at the positions of the dam heel and the dam toe according to the actually measured uplift pressure, and if any one exceeds the standard requirement, starting a yellow alarm and carrying out the next step; calculating and judging whether the anti-slip stability safety factor and the anti-overturning stability safety factor of the gravity dam exceed the design specification requirements according to the measured data, and if so, starting a red alarm; the grading early warning method performs early warning according to uplift pressure actual measurement data by combining with a specific gravity dam structure and type, fully considers the dam structure and geological conditions, and has the advantages of simplicity, intuition, definite physical significance, simple calculation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dam safety grading early warning methods, in particular to a gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on measured data.
Background
The gravity dam is a common water retaining structure, such as the three gorges engineering in China. The safety state of the dam not only influences whether the engineering investment and the benefit can be normally exerted, but also directly influences the life and property, social stability and national economy and ecological environment safety of downstream people, effectively realizes the safety early warning of the gravity dam, can effectively avoid the engineering safety risk, and fully exerts the engineering benefit.
Uplift pressure is an important load of the gravity dam, is an important factor influencing the safety of the gravity dam, and has very important influence on the stability of the dam and the stress distribution of key parts. At present, the early warning indexes based on actual measurement are a small probability method based on typical monitoring quantity, an extreme value statistical method and a confidence interval method based on multiple stepwise regression. The former two statistical methods do not consider the physical background of the uplift pressure change, do not fully consider the upstream and downstream water level and geological conditions influencing the uplift pressure, are only based on a certain probability hypothesis, and lack the physical and engineering basis. Although the influence of independent variable factors is considered in the latter, the generalization capability of the linear stepwise regression model cannot be guaranteed because the model is easily affected by measurement errors and multiple collinearity.
Due to the complexity and the heterogeneity of the geological conditions of the actual dam foundation, the difference between the actually measured uplift pressure and the linear distribution of the standard hypothesis is obvious, and if the uplift pressure of each pressure measuring pipe is alarmed according to the distribution specified by the standard, a false alarm is likely to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on measured data aiming at the problems in the prior art, overcomes the defect of early warning according to individual values of single uplift pressure measuring points, and is simple and practical in calculation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the method comprises the following steps: acquiring and determining the type of a gravity dam; such as solid gravity dams, wide slit and large head gravity dams, open web gravity dams, etc.;
step two: judging the position of a dam section; such as bank slope dam sections and riverbed dam sections;
step three: reading the upstream and downstream water levels of the gravity dam;
acquiring pile numbers of a plurality of transverse pressure measuring pipes arranged on the dam section so as to obtain transverse coordinates of each uplift pressure measuring point, reading a head value of each pressure measuring pipe, and determining an uplift pressure reduction coefficient α according to the gravity dam type and the dam section position by design specifications;
step five: calculating the actual uplift pressure area Mt according to the measured data of each pressure measuring pipe; calculating the standard uplift pressure area St according to the parameters determined by the design standard and the actual upstream and downstream water levels; comparing the actual uplift pressure area Mt with the standard uplift pressure area St, and if Mt is larger than or equal to St, starting a blue alarm and carrying out the next step; if Mt is less than St, returning to the third step to continue monitoring;
step six: respectively calculating the vertical normal stress and the main stress of two key parts of the dam heel and the dam toe according to the actually measured uplift pressure and other synchronous loads, judging whether any one of the stresses exceeds the design specification requirement or the corresponding concrete strength allowable value, starting a yellow alarm and carrying out the next step if one of the stresses exceeds the design specification requirement or the corresponding concrete strength allowable value, and returning to the fourth step to continue monitoring if the other stress exceeds the design specification requirement or the corresponding concrete strength allowable value;
step seven: calculating the safety factors of the anti-skid stability and the anti-overturning stability according to the measured data, judging whether the anti-skid stability and the anti-overturning stability of the gravity dam exceed the design specification requirements, and starting a red alarm if any one of the anti-skid stability and the anti-overturning stability exceeds the design specification requirements; and if the two are not exceeded, returning to the fourth step to continue monitoring.
The grading early warning method is based on the fact that the local uplift pressure distribution is uneven, the uplift pressure is considered to influence the stability and the stress distribution of the dam body through the overall distribution, therefore, the actual uplift pressure distribution is approached through the connection line of two adjacent points based on the measured data, the overall uplift pressure early warning is carried out according to whether the total uplift pressure load exceeds the standard condition, the gravity dam structure, the dam section position, the geological condition unevenness and the uplift pressure monitoring purpose and the real nonlinear distribution are fully considered, and the grading early warning method has the advantages of simplicity, intuition, clear physical significance, simplicity in calculation and the like.
That is, the first-stage early warning is to compare the actual measurement lift pressure load (calculated by area) with the lift pressure load (calculated by area) specified by the specification, when the actual measurement calculated area is larger than the area specified by the specification, the actual measurement lift pressure value is larger than the original design specification value, and a blue warning is started;
the secondary early warning means that when the measured data calculates the vertical normal stress and the main stress at the two positions of the dam heel and the dam toe, and any one stress value exceeds the design specification requirement, yellow warning is started.
The third-level early warning means that when the safety coefficient of the anti-skid stability or the anti-overturning stability obtained by calculation according to the actual measurement uplift pressure exceeds the standard requirement, a red alarm is started.
The judgment of the gravity dam type and the dam section position is beneficial to determining the design specifications of reference and comparison, more accurate comparison is carried out, and the accuracy of early warning is ensured.
The pressure measuring pipe can directly obtain the water head value, and the uplift pressure has different reduction coefficients according to the dam body structure type and the dam section position.
Further, the actual uplift pressure area Mt is an area of an irregular polygon formed in bedrock by a pressure head acting on the foundation surface by a plurality of pressure measuring pipes.
Further, the area of the irregular polygon is decomposed into a plurality of quadrangle and/or triangle areas for summation calculation.
Furthermore, a plurality of dam sections are arranged from the left bank to the right bank of the gravity dam, a plurality of transverse pressure measuring pipes are arranged in each dam section, a transverse monitoring section is formed on each sliding surface, and the monitoring depth of each transverse pressure measuring pipe corresponds to the depth of the corresponding sliding surface.
Further, the anti-slip stability is calculated by adopting a shear strength formula or a shear strength formula, and if the dam foundation rock mass condition of the gravity dam is good, the shear strength formula is adopted; and if the dam foundation rock mass difference of the gravity dam or soft rock exists or a soft structural surface exists, adopting a shear strength formula.
Furthermore, the method for judging the anti-overturning stability comprises the following steps,calculating the anti-overturning moment M generated by the self weight of the dam body of the gravity dam1And the overturning moment M generated by the horizontal thrust2And calculating the anti-overturning moment M1And an overturning moment M2Obtaining the anti-overturning stable safety coefficient according to the ratio; and if the value of the anti-overturning stability safety coefficient is greater than the safety coefficient given by the design specification, judging that the anti-overturning stability meets the requirement.
Further, the anti-skid stability safety factor and the anti-overturning stability safety factor are determined according to the design specification.
Further, the grading early warning method further comprises the step of storing the acquired and monitored data in a database to form a safety monitoring log.
Further, the grading early warning is divided into a blue warning, a yellow warning and a red warning from mild to severe, and the three warnings respectively comprise a field tweeter warning and a remote mobile phone warning based on a wireless communication network.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the grading early warning method is based on the fact that the local uplift pressure distribution is uneven, the uplift pressure is considered to influence the stability and the stress distribution of the dam body through the overall distribution, therefore, the actual uplift pressure distribution is approached through the connection line of two adjacent points based on the actual measurement data, the overall uplift pressure early warning is carried out according to whether the total uplift pressure load exceeds the standard condition, the purposes of geological conditions and uplift pressure monitoring are fully considered, and the grading early warning method has the advantages of simplicity, intuition, clear physical significance, simplicity in calculation and the like; 2. the area calculation is used for comparison, so that the method is quicker, simpler and more convenient, when the area calculated by actual measurement is larger than the area specified by the specification, the actually measured raised pressure value is larger than the original design specification value, and blue alarm is started; 3. the anti-skidding stability safety factor or the stress value of the dam heel or the anti-overturning safety factor obtained by calculation according to the actual measurement uplifting pressure is compared with the requirement of the design specification, the judgment accuracy is better, and the false alarm condition can be reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a judgment flow of a gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on measured data according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of calculating an actual uplift pressure area of the gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on measured data according to the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a normalized uplift pressure area calculation of the gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on measured data according to the invention;
in the figure: 1. a dam body; 2. bedrock; 3. the central line of the drain hole; 4. and (5) a pressure measuring pipeline.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on measured data includes the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: acquiring and determining the structural type of the gravity dam; if the gravity dam is an entity gravity dam, the referenced design specification is' concrete gravity dam design specification SL 319-;
step two: judging the position of a dam section;
step three: acquiring pile numbers of a plurality of transverse pressure measuring pipes arranged on the dam section so as to acquire transverse coordinates of each uplift pressure measuring point;
reading water level values of upstream and downstream of the gravity dam, reading water head values of all pressure measuring pipes, and determining the uplift pressure reduction coefficient α according to the gravity dam type and the dam section position and design specifications;
step five: calculating the actual uplift pressure area Mt according to the measured data of each pressure measuring pipe; calculating the standard uplift pressure area St according to the parameters determined by the design standard and the actual upstream and downstream water levels; comparing the actual uplift pressure area Mt with the standard uplift pressure area St, and if Mt is larger than or equal to St, starting a blue alarm and carrying out the next step; if Mt is less than St, returning to the third step to continue monitoring;
step six: respectively calculating the vertical normal stress and the main stress of two key parts of the dam heel and the dam toe according to the actually measured uplift pressure and other synchronous loads, judging whether any one of the stresses exceeds the design specification requirement or the corresponding concrete strength allowable value, starting a yellow alarm and carrying out the next step if one of the stresses exceeds the design specification requirement or the corresponding concrete strength allowable value, and returning to the fourth step to continue monitoring if the other stress exceeds the design specification requirement or the corresponding concrete strength allowable value;
step seven: calculating the safety factors of the anti-skid stability and the anti-overturning stability according to the measured data, judging whether the anti-skid stability and the anti-overturning stability of the gravity dam exceed the design specification requirements, and if so, starting a red alarm; and if not, returning to the fourth step to continue monitoring.
The grading early warning method is based on the fact that the local uplift pressure distribution is uneven, the uplift pressure is considered to influence the stability and the stress distribution of the dam body through the overall distribution, therefore, the actual uplift pressure distribution is approached through the connection line of two adjacent points based on the measured data, the overall uplift pressure early warning is carried out according to whether the total uplift pressure load exceeds the standard condition, the gravity dam structure, the dam section position, the geological condition unevenness and the uplift pressure monitoring purpose and the real nonlinear distribution are fully considered, and the grading early warning method has the advantages of simplicity, intuition, clear physical significance, simplicity in calculation and the like.
Further, the actual uplift pressure area Mt is an area of an irregular polygon formed in bedrock by a pressure head acting on the foundation surface by a plurality of pressure measuring pipes.
Further, the area of the irregular polygon is decomposed into a plurality of quadrangle and/or triangle areas for summation calculation.
Furthermore, a plurality of dam sections are arranged from the left bank to the right bank of the gravity dam, a plurality of transverse pressure measuring pipes are arranged in each dam section, a transverse monitoring section is formed on each sliding surface, and the monitoring depth of each transverse pressure measuring pipe corresponds to the depth of the corresponding sliding surface.
Further, the anti-slip stability is calculated by adopting a shear strength formula or a shear strength formula, and if the dam foundation rock mass condition of the gravity dam is good, the shear strength formula is adopted; and if the dam foundation rock mass difference of the gravity dam or soft rock exists or a soft structural surface exists, adopting a shear strength formula.
The formula for calculating the shearing strength is as follows:
in the formula, K 'is an anti-sliding stable safety coefficient calculated according to the shear strength, and f' is a shear friction coefficient of a contact surface between dam body concrete and a dam foundation; c' is the shearing-resistant cohesion (kPa) of the contact surface of the dam body concrete and the dam foundation, a is the sectional area (m) of the contact surface of the dam foundation2) Sigma W is the normal value (kN) of all the loads (including actually measured and calculated uplift pressure) acting on the dam body to the sliding plane, and sigma P is the tangential value (kN) of all the loads (including actually measured and calculated uplift pressure) acting on the dam body to the sliding plane.
The shear strength is calculated by the formula:
in the formula, K is the anti-sliding stability safety coefficient calculated according to the shear strength, and f is the shear friction coefficient of the contact surface of the dam body concrete and the dam foundation.
Further, the method for judging the anti-overturning stability is to calculate the anti-overturning moment M generated by the self weight of the dam body of the gravity dam1And the overturning moment M generated by the horizontal thrust2And calculating the anti-overturning moment M1And an overturning moment M2Obtaining the anti-overturning stable safety coefficient according to the ratio; and if the value of the anti-overturning stability safety coefficient is greater than the safety coefficient given by the design specification, judging that the anti-overturning stability meets the requirement.
Further, the anti-skid stability safety factor and the anti-overturning stability safety factor are determined according to the design specification.
Further, the grading early warning method further comprises the step of storing the acquired and monitored data in a database to form a safety monitoring log.
Further, the grading early warning is divided into a blue warning, a yellow warning and a red warning from mild to severe, the three warnings respectively comprise a field tweeter warning and a remote mobile phone warning based on a wireless communication network, and the warning range is increased along with the increase of the warning grade.
Example two:
in this embodiment, the actual uplift pressure area Mt and the standard uplift pressure area St of the uplift pressure are calculated respectively by taking the uplift pressures of general four dam foundations as examples.
As shown in fig. 2, the distribution of the four piezometer tubes U, T, S, R is as shown in fig. 2, and the measured corresponding piezometer tube tap values are h1(t), h2(t), h3(t) and h4 (t); the head pressure acting head upstream is H1 (t); the head pressure downstream is H2 (t).
The measured uplift pressure load can be obtained by calculating the area of the multi-deformation IJKLMNOP, the area of the polygonal shape is equal to the sum of 5 areas of four deformations, the five quadrangles are IJKU, UKLT, TLMS, SMNR and RNOP respectively, and the corresponding areas are expressed by M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5 respectively, and are expressed by the formula:
Mt＝M1+M2+M3+M4+M5；
as shown in fig. 3, for the schematic diagram of calculating the head load in the design specification, the center line of the drain hole is H2(t) + α H (t), wherein α is the head reduction coefficient, and H (t) is H1(t) -H2 (t).
The normalized uplift pressure area St is thus calculated as the area of the polygon ABCDE, as the sum of the areas of the two polygons ABCF and CDEF, expressed by the formula:
in the formula, LAFIs the distance from point A to point F, LFEIs the distance from point F to point E.
Comparing the actually measured lift pressure load with the lift pressure load specified by the specification, namely comparing the calculated actual lift pressure area Mt with the specified lift pressure area St; and when the Mt value is larger than or equal to the St value, the measured uplift pressure value is larger than the original design standard value, and blue alarm is started.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on measured data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: acquiring and determining the type of a gravity dam;
step two: judging the position of a dam section;
step three: reading the upstream and downstream water levels of the gravity dam;
acquiring pile numbers of a plurality of transverse pressure measuring pipes arranged on the dam section so as to obtain transverse coordinates of each uplift pressure measuring point, reading a head value of each pressure measuring pipe, and determining an uplift pressure reduction coefficient α according to the gravity dam type and the dam section position by design specifications;
step five: calculating the actual uplift pressure area Mt according to the measured data of each pressure measuring pipe; calculating the standard uplift pressure area St according to the parameters determined by the design standard and the actual upstream and downstream water levels; comparing the actual uplift pressure area Mt with the standard uplift pressure area St, and if Mt is larger than or equal to St, starting a blue alarm and carrying out the next step; if Mt is less than St, returning to the third step to continue monitoring;
step six: respectively calculating the vertical normal stress and the principal stress of two key parts of the dam heel and the dam toe according to the actually measured uplift pressure and other synchronous loads, judging whether any one of the stresses exceeds the design specification requirement, starting a yellow alarm and carrying out the next step if one of the stresses exceeds the design specification requirement, and returning to the fourth step to continue monitoring if the other stress exceeds the design specification requirement;
step seven: calculating the anti-slip stability safety and the anti-overturning stability according to the measured data, judging whether the anti-slip stability and the anti-overturning stability of the gravity dam exceed the design specification requirements, and starting a red alarm if any one of the anti-slip stability and the anti-overturning stability exceeds the design specification requirements; and if neither term is exceeded, returning to the fourth step to continue monitoring.
2. The gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on the measured data according to claim 1, wherein the actual uplift pressure area Mt is the area of an irregular polygon formed in bedrock by pressure head connecting lines of a plurality of pressure-measuring tubes acting on a foundation surface.
3. The gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on the measured data as claimed in claim 2, wherein the area of the irregular polygon is decomposed into a plurality of quadrangle and/or triangle areas for summation calculation.
4. The gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on the measured data according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of dam sections are arranged from a left bank to a right bank of the gravity dam, a plurality of transverse pressure measuring pipes are arranged in each dam section, a transverse monitoring section is formed for each sliding surface, and the monitoring depth of each transverse pressure measuring pipe corresponds to the depth of the sliding surface.
5. The gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on the measured data according to claim 1, wherein the anti-slip stability is calculated by adopting a shear strength formula or a shear strength formula, and if the dam foundation rock mass condition of the gravity dam is good, the shear strength formula is adopted; and if the dam foundation rock mass difference of the gravity dam or soft rock exists or a soft structural surface exists, adopting a shear strength formula.
6. The gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on measured data as claimed in claim 1, wherein the judgment method of the anti-overturning stability is to calculate an anti-overturning moment M generated by the self weight of the dam body of the gravity dam1And the overturning moment M generated by the horizontal thrust2And calculating the anti-overturning moment M1And an overturning moment M2Obtaining the anti-overturning stable safety coefficient according to the ratio; and if the value of the anti-overturning stability safety coefficient is greater than the safety coefficient given by the design specification, judging that the anti-overturning stability meets the requirement.
7. The gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on the measured data as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grading early warning method further comprises the step of storing the obtained and monitored data in a database to form a safety monitoring log.
8. The gravity dam uplift pressure grading early warning method based on the measured data as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grading early warning is classified from mild to severe into blue warning, yellow warning and red warning, the three warnings respectively comprise on-site tweeter warning and remote mobile phone warning based on a wireless communication network, and the three warning ranges respectively increase along with the increase of the warning grade.
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| CN112200398A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2021-01-08 | 水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所 | Early warning method and device for deformation of safety surface of gravity dam |
| CN112200398B (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2024-02-02 | 水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所 | Gravity dam safety surface deformation early warning method and device |
| CN112199891A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-08 | 水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所 | Method and system for drawing up early warning index of safety deformation of gravity dam |
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