CN111256666B - Lofting tool with scales - Google Patents
Lofting tool with scales Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111256666B CN111256666B CN202010098282.9A CN202010098282A CN111256666B CN 111256666 B CN111256666 B CN 111256666B CN 202010098282 A CN202010098282 A CN 202010098282A CN 111256666 B CN111256666 B CN 111256666B
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- scale
- prism
- rod
- lofting
- stick
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
- G01C15/004—Reference lines, planes or sectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/02—Means for marking measuring points
- G01C15/06—Surveyors' staffs; Movable markers
- G01C15/08—Plumbing or registering staffs or markers over ground marks
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering measuring tools and discloses a lofting tool with scales. The lofting tool comprises a prism rod and a prism arranged at the top of the prism rod, wherein the prism is a polyhedral right-angle prism, and a first scale is arranged through the center of the prism; a graduated scale is arranged at the bottom of the prism rod, and a second scale is arranged on the graduated scale; the first scale and the second scale are arranged in parallel, division values and measuring ranges of the first scale and the second scale are correspondingly the same, a stick is arranged on the scale at least corresponding to the division value, and the stick can move up and down relative to the ground when in use. This lofting instrument of taking scale can effectively reduce the removal number of times of prism pole, is favorable to improving lofting operating efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering measuring tools, in particular to a lofting tool with scales.
Background
Lofting is a conventional operation in the field of engineering survey, and refers to a process of positioning coordinates designed on a map to the field through instruments such as a total station and a GNSS receiver. The method comprises the following necessary operation steps when the total station instrument is used for lofting: two persons are needed to cooperate, wherein one person (called an observer for short) operates the total station and is responsible for indicating the direction and the distance of a lofting point, and the distance is the distance from the lofting point to the total station (namely a measuring station); another person (rod holder for short) holds the prism rod with the prism, and is responsible for repeatedly adjusting the distance and the direction according to the indication of an observer, and finally positioning to the field position of the lofting point.
When the total station is used for point lofting, accurate direction and distance information are needed, the direction is a sight line direction of the total station after the total station rotates horizontally by a certain angle from a starting direction, a rod holder can only obtain an approximate direction by observing the direction of the total station, and the accurate direction needs to move left and right (move left and right perpendicular to the sight line direction of the total station) a prism rod according to the indication of an observer until the center of the prism is positioned on the sight line of the total station. Because a rod holder cannot intuitively obtain distance information of the center of the prism deviating from the sight line, the distance information is difficult to be consistent with an instruction of an observer in the process of moving left and right, and the situation of overlarge or undersize distance usually occurs when the rod is moved left and right; in addition, in the process of moving the rod left and right, the prism rod is difficult to keep strictly vertical, when the center of the prism is just positioned on the sight line, an observer can shout, but because the prism rod is not strictly vertical at this moment, the rod holder needs to strictly straighten the prism rod, and the center of the prism is inevitably deviated from the sight line of the total station again after the prism rod is straightened, so that the center of the prism can gradually approach the sight line of the total station only by repeatedly performing the correction steps of moving, straightening, moving again and straightening again on the prism rod, and the operation is complicated and the working efficiency is low.
Therefore, how to reduce the moving times of the prism rod and improve the lofting operation efficiency is an important technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lofting tool with scales, which can effectively reduce the moving times of a prism rod and is beneficial to improving the lofting operation efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a lofting tool with scales, which comprises a prism rod and a prism arranged at the top of the prism rod, wherein the prism is a polyhedral right-angle prism, and the center of the prism is provided with a first scale; a graduated scale is arranged at the bottom of the prism rod, and a second scale is arranged on the graduated scale;
the first scale and the second scale are arranged in parallel, division values and measuring ranges of the first scale and the second scale are correspondingly the same, a stick is arranged on the scale at least corresponding to the division value, and the stick can move up and down relative to the ground when in use.
As preferred scheme, the prism pole includes the body of rod and locates the pole point portion of body of rod bottom, the scale with the body of rod sets up perpendicularly.
Preferably, the graduated scale is detachably mounted on the rod tip portion.
As preferred scheme, the middle part of scale is equipped with the bellying of outside extension, be equipped with on the pole point portion and be used for the restriction the installing notch of bellying lateral shifting.
Preferably, the graduated scale is provided with a plurality of through holes along the length direction thereof for mounting the sticks, and each stick is inserted into the through hole.
Preferably, the bottom end of each stick has a tip, the top of each stick is screwed with a nut, and a blocking bump is arranged at the position of each stick close to the tip of each stick.
Preferably, the rod body comprises an outer rod part and an inner rod part sleeved in the outer rod part, the inner rod part can slide relative to the outer rod part, the prism is installed at the top end of the inner rod part, and the rod tip part is connected to the bottom end of the outer rod part.
As a preferable scheme, a limiting structure for preventing the outer rod part and the inner rod part from rotating in the circumferential direction is arranged between the outer rod part and the inner rod part; and the outer rod part is provided with a locking screw for fixing the position of the inner rod part in the outer rod part.
Preferably, the limiting structure includes a notch portion and a projection matched with the notch portion, the notch portion is disposed on the inner rod portion or the outer rod portion, and the projection is disposed on the other of the two.
Preferably, the prism is a hexahedral right-angle prism; the outer surface of the stick is coated with identification layers with different colors.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the lofting tool of the invention comprises a prism rod and a prism arranged at the top of the prism rod, wherein the prism is a polyhedral right-angle prism, so that the round trip distance of laser emitted by the total station is equal to the distance between the laser and the center of the prism no matter which point of the prism is hit, the effect is equivalent to that the laser is hit on a plane which passes through the center of the prism and is parallel to the incident surface of the prism, a first scale is added on the right-angle prism and passes through the center of the prism, a graduated scale with a second scale is added at the bottom of the prism rod, the first scale and the second scale are arranged in parallel, the division values and the measuring ranges of the first scale and the second scale are correspondingly arranged to be the same, a stick is arranged on the graduated scale corresponding to each division value at least, the sticks can move up and down relative to the ground when in use, the use of the stick is the same as the bottom end of the prism rod and is used for indicating the actual position of a lofting point, the specific operation of lofting by using the lofting tool to match with a total station is as follows: an observer indicates that a rod holder moves left and right, when a prism enters a sight line of a total station, the observer indicates that the rod holder stops moving, the rod holder strictly erects a prism rod, then the observer is ready to count according to a first scale on the prism through the total station (namely, a reading of an intersection point of a vertical wire of an eyepiece of the total station and the first scale), then the rod holder finds out a position of the same reading position on a second scale according to the reading given by the observer, and simultaneously finds out a stick corresponding to the reading scale, and determines the ground position indicated by the stick as a field position of a lofting point, so that when lofting is carried out through the lofting tool, as long as any point on an incident surface of the prism enters the sight line of the total station, reading lofting can be directly carried out and completed at one time without repeated moving and centering work so as to enable the prism rod to be vertical and enable the center of the prism to be positioned on the sight line of the total station, therefore, the operation is simpler and more convenient, and the lofting operation efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a scaled lofting tool provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a prism provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion of the bottom of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the tip portion of the prism rod and the scale provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the rod tip of FIG. 4 at the intersection with the scale;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a stick according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the top of FIG. 1;
fig. 9 is a transverse cross-sectional view of fig. 8.
10, prism rods; 11. a rod body; 111. an outer rod portion; 112. an inner rod portion; 113. locking the screw; 114. a notch portion; 115. a bump; 12. a rod tip portion; 121. installing a notch; 122. an opening; 20. a prism; 21. a first scale; 22. an incident surface; 23. a holder; 30. a graduated scale; 31. a second scale; 32. a boss portion; 33. a through hole; 40. a stick; 41. a tip; 42. a nut; 43. the bump is blocked.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. It should be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are used for distinguishing one type of information from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Referring to fig. 1, a lofting tool with scales according to the present invention is schematically shown, the lofting tool includes a prism rod 10 and a prism 20 disposed on the top of the prism rod 10, wherein, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the prism 20 is a polyhedral right-angle prism, and a first scale 21 is disposed through the center of the prism 20, in this embodiment, a hexahedral right-angle prism is used (as shown in fig. 2 and 3, a1 plane is orthogonal to a2 plane, a B1 plane is orthogonal to a B2 plane, and a C1 plane is orthogonal to a C2 plane), although a tetrahedron, an octahedron, etc. may also be used. The prism 20 is a right-angle prism, so that the round trip path of the laser emitted by the total station is equal to the path of the laser emitted at the center of the prism no matter which point of the prism 20 the laser is emitted, and the effect is equivalent to that the laser is emitted on a plane which passes through the center of the prism and is parallel to the incident surface 22 of the prism 20; referring to fig. 4, the prism rod 10 is provided with a graduated scale 30 at the bottom thereof, the graduated scale 30 is provided with a second graduated scale 31, it is important that the first graduated scale 21 and the second graduated scale 31 are arranged in parallel, and the division value and the range thereof are the same, that is, the division value of the first graduated scale 21 and the division value of the second graduated scale 31 are the same, the range of the first graduated scale 21 and the range of the second graduated scale 31 are also the same, a stick 40 is provided on the graduated scale 30 at least at the position corresponding to each division value, and a stick 40 may be provided at a position of non-division value, the stick 40 is preferably provided at a higher density, and the stick 40 can move up and down relative to the ground when in use, so as to be in contact with the ground, and thus can indicate the real-site position of the sample spot.
Based on the lofting tool with scales of the technical characteristics, by adding the first scale 21 on the rectangular prism and passing through the center thereof, adding the scale 30 with the second scale 31 at the bottom of the prism rod 10, wherein the first scale 21 and the second scale 31 are arranged in parallel, the division values and the ranges of the first scale 21 and the second scale 31 are correspondingly arranged to be the same, the scale 30 is provided with a stick 40 at least corresponding to each division value, the sticks 40 can move up and down relative to the ground when in use, the stick 40 is used as the bottom end of the prism rod 10 for indicating the field position of a lofting point, and the concrete operation of lofting by using the lofting tool in cooperation with a total station is as follows: the observer indicates the rod holder to move left and right, when the prism 20 enters the sight line of the total station, the observer indicates the rod holder to stop moving, the rod holder stands the prism rod 10 strictly, then the observer prepares to count by the total station according to the first scale 21 on the prism 20 (i.e. the intersection reading of the vertical line of the eyepiece of the total station and the first scale 21), then the rod holder finds out the position of the same reading on the second scale 31 according to the reading given by the observer, finds the stick 40 corresponding to the reading scale, determines the ground position indicated by the stick 40 as the real position of the lofting point (for example, the observer reads out the count on the first scale 21 to be 1.7cm, the rod holder finds out the scale position of 1.7cm on the second scale 31 of the graduated scale 30, and estimates the real position of the lofting point according to the ground positions of the stick 40 on the left and right sides of the scale position). Thus, when lofting operation is carried out through the lofting tool, as long as any point on the incident surface 22 of the prism 20 enters the sight line of the total station, reading lofting can be directly carried out, and the operation is completed at one time without repeated moving and righting operations so as to enable the prism rod 10 to be vertical and the prism center to be located on the sight line of the total station, so that the operation is simpler and more convenient, and the lofting operation efficiency is greatly improved. It should be noted that the minimum division of the scale is set to 5mm, the sum of the estimation error of the observer and the estimation error of the rod holder to the actual position is within 2mm precision, and when lofting is performed by using the conventional prism 20 and the prism rod 10, it is difficult to make the total station sight line center pass through the center of the prism 20, and the deviation is generally about 2-3mm, so that lofting operation is performed by using the prism 20 and the prism rod 10 with the scale, and the lofting precision can be basically kept consistent.
Further, in order to facilitate the identification of the stick 40 corresponding to the reading scale, the outer surface of the stick 40 may be coated with different color marks for differentiation.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the prism rod 10 includes a rod body 11 and a rod tip 12 disposed at the bottom of the rod body 11, the rod tip 12 is used for being accurately positioned on the ground to prevent sliding when the rod body 11 is strictly erected, and the scale 30 is disposed perpendicular to the rod body 11, that is, the first scale 21 on the prism 20 is also disposed perpendicular to the rod body 11, which is beneficial for an observer to read out the reading on the first scale 21 through the total station. Preferably, the bottom end of the stick 40 has a tip 41 to facilitate accurate indication of the location of the loft point in the field, and to improve loft accuracy. In addition, in order to improve the smoothness of the up and down movement of the stick 40, an iron stick or a steel stick may be used as the stick.
In a preferred embodiment, the scale 30 is detachably mounted on the shaft tip 12, and the scale 30 and the stick 40 may obstruct lofting when some special terrains are encountered, such as narrow space in the lofting area, so that the scale 30 can be detached from the tip of the prism shaft 10.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, a specific embodiment of the rod tip 12 and the graduated scale 30 is shown, a protruding portion 32 extending outward is disposed in the middle of the graduated scale 30, a mounting notch 121 for limiting the protruding portion 32 to move laterally is disposed on the rod tip 12, in this embodiment, an opening 122 is formed in one side of the rod tip 12, when the graduated scale 30 is mounted, the graduated scale 30 is first moved laterally close to the opening 122, and the graduated scale 30 enters the opening 122 and then moves downward, so that the protruding portion 32 of the graduated scale 30 is clamped into the mounting notch 121 of the rod tip 12, thereby limiting the lateral sliding of the graduated scale 30 and achieving the mounting of the graduated scale 30; when the scale 30 is removed, the direction of operation is reversed.
More specifically, referring to fig. 6, the scale 30 is provided with a plurality of through holes 33 along a length direction thereof for mounting the rods 40, and each rod 40 is inserted into the through hole 33. Referring to fig. 7, in order to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the stick 40 and prevent the stick 40 from falling out of the scale 30, a nut 42 is screwed on the top of the stick 40, so as to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the stick 40, and the diameter of the nut 42 needs to be larger than the diameter of the through hole 33, so as to prevent the stick 40 from falling out of the lower end surface of the through hole 33; each stick 40 is provided with a stopper projection 43 near the tip 41 thereof, and the stopper projection 43 has an outer circumferential dimension larger than the diameter of the through-hole 33, thereby preventing the stick 40 from coming off the upper end surface of the through-hole 33.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 and 8, the rod body 11 includes an outer rod portion 111 and an inner rod portion 112 sleeved in the outer rod portion 111, the inner rod portion 112 is slidable relative to the outer rod portion 111, the prism 20 is mounted at the top end of the inner rod portion 112 through a holder 23, and the rod tip portion 12 is connected to the bottom end of the outer rod portion 111, and specifically, may be formed by extending the bottom end of the outer rod portion 111 downward. In this embodiment, the outer rod portion 111 is provided with a locking screw 113, and the locking screw 113 is used to fix the position of the inner rod portion 112 in the outer rod portion 111, so as to adjust the overall height of the rod body 11.
Further, since the scale 30 must be parallel to the prism 20, that is, the prism 20 cannot rotate freely relative to the scale 30, a position-limiting structure is provided between the outer rod 111 and the inner rod 112 to prevent the inner rod 112 of the prism 20 from rotating circumferentially relative to the outer rod 111; in a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 9, the limiting structure includes a notch portion 114 and a protrusion 115 matching with the notch portion 114, the notch portion 114 and the protrusion 115 both extend toward the axial center, the notch portion 114 is disposed on the inner rod portion 112 or the outer rod portion 111, and the protrusion 115 is disposed on the other of the two, for example, as shown in fig. 9, the notch portion 114 is disposed on the inner rod portion 112, the protrusion 115 is disposed on the outer rod portion 111, and the protrusion 115 is disposed in the notch portion 114, by which the inner rod portion 112 can move in the length direction relative to the outer rod portion 111, and can limit the circumferential rotation between the two.
In summary, the lofting tool with scales of the present invention comprises a prism rod 10 and a rectangular prism 20, wherein a first scale 21 is added on the rectangular prism and passes through the center of the rectangular prism, a scale 30 with a second scale 31 is added at the bottom of the prism rod 10, the first scale 21 and the second scale 31 are arranged in parallel, the division values and the measuring ranges of the first scale 21 and the second scale 31 are correspondingly arranged to be the same, a stick 40 is arranged on the scale 30 at least corresponding to each division value, and the sticks 40 can move up and down relative to the ground when in use, so that during lofting operation, as long as any point on an incident surface 22 of the prism 20 enters the sight line of the total station, reading lofting can be directly performed, and finished at one time without repeated moving and righting operations to make the prism rod 10 vertical and make the center of the prism 20 on the sight line of the total station, therefore, the operation is simpler and more convenient, and the lofting operation efficiency is greatly improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A lofting tool with scales comprises a prism rod and a prism arranged at the top of the prism rod, and is characterized in that the prism is a polyhedral right-angle prism, and a first scale is arranged through the center of the prism; a graduated scale is arranged at the bottom of the prism rod, and a second scale is arranged on the graduated scale;
the first scale and the second scale are arranged in parallel, division values and measuring ranges of the first scale and the second scale are correspondingly the same, a stick is arranged on the scale at least corresponding to the division value, and the stick can move up and down relative to the ground when in use.
2. The scaled lofting tool of claim 1, wherein the prism shaft includes a shaft body and a shaft tip at a bottom of the shaft body, the scale being disposed perpendicular to the shaft body.
3. A scaled lofting tool according to claim 2, wherein the scale is removably mounted on the rod tip.
4. A scaled lofting tool according to claim 3, wherein the scale has a central portion provided with an outwardly extending projection and the rod tip portion is provided with a mounting notch for limiting lateral movement of the projection.
5. The lofting tool with the scale according to claim 1, wherein the scale has a plurality of through holes along a length direction thereof for mounting the rods, and each rod is inserted into the through hole.
6. A scaled lofting tool according to claim 5, wherein the sticks have a tip at their lower end and a nut screwed onto their top, and each stick is provided with a stop lug near its tip.
7. The scaled lofting tool of claim 2, wherein the rod body comprises an outer rod portion and an inner rod portion sleeved in the outer rod portion, the inner rod portion is slidable relative to the outer rod portion, the prism is mounted at the top end of the inner rod portion, and the rod tip portion is connected to the bottom end of the outer rod portion.
8. The scaled lofting tool of claim 7, wherein a limit structure is disposed between the outer rod and the inner rod for preventing circumferential rotation therebetween; and the outer rod part is provided with a locking screw for fixing the position of the inner rod part in the outer rod part.
9. A scaled lofting tool according to claim 8, wherein the stop formation comprises a notch portion provided on the inner or outer shank portion and a projection cooperating with the notch portion, the projection being provided on the other of the inner and outer shank portions.
10. A scaled lofting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the prism is a hexahedral right angle prism; the outer surface of the stick is coated with identification layers with different colors.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010098282.9A CN111256666B (en) | 2020-02-17 | 2020-02-17 | Lofting tool with scales |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010098282.9A CN111256666B (en) | 2020-02-17 | 2020-02-17 | Lofting tool with scales |
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| CN111256666A CN111256666A (en) | 2020-06-09 |
| CN111256666B true CN111256666B (en) | 2022-04-22 |
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