CN100357709C - Forestry compass with tree measuring function and use method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a forestry compass for measuring trees and a use method thereof. The forestry compass for measuring trees is respectively provided with four vertical wires on both sides of a vertical cross wire of a cross wire dividing plate of a forestry compass telescope, and the angle measurement of a forestry compass and the function of tree measurement of an angle gauge are integrally combined. When the forestry compass for measuring trees is used for observation, a pair of vertical wires of the cross wire dividing plate, which are mutually symmetrical, are selected accordingly to visual angles corresponding to different factors of the angle gauge, and the trunk of a vertical tree to be measured in the front is accurately aimed by a telescope of the forestry compass for measuring trees; the trunk quantity is counted accordingly to the tangential, intercrossed and excessive relationship between visual lines passing through the two vertical wires and the trunk of the vertical tree to be measured; in addition, an inclination angle is measured by using the function of angle measurement of a forestry compass, and grade correction is carried out on each counted tree; on the aspect of data processing, field data is processed by using automatic calculation software compiled by a Casio programmable calculator fx-4800p.

Description

Forestry compass with tree measuring function and using method thereof

One, technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of instrument and using method thereof of forest reserves sample survey, particularly a kind of forestry compass with tree measuring function and using method thereof.

Two, technical background

Up to the present, the forest compass is mainly used in measurement aspects such as magnetic orientation and distance, level, the discrepancy in elevation, slope angle.Angle gauge then is the inventory of stand instrument that generally adopts in the forestry.At present, state-of-the-art angle gauge tree surveying apparatus remains Bitterlich, the relascope of W. invention.But in the field investigation actual mechanical process, there are a lot of errors in angle gauge survey:

1. put the error that reach causes around location.The human body standing place is not perpendicular to the ground, presses angle gauge and enlarges the circle principle, just produces error.

2. observation position is inaccurate.Because the influence of landform, understory shrub, people's sight line can not accurately aim at trunk 1.3m place, thereby produces elementary errors.

3. because the error that the gradient causes.The tradition angle gauge is suitable on the level land, when using in the slope, can only carry out the whole gradient roughly and correct, and corrects trouble and every strain counting wood is carried out the gradient, and workload is big.

Therefore, in the forest inventory investigation process, adopt traditional angle gauge to measure standing forest and brought a lot of troubles and error inevitably.

Three, summary of the invention

In order to overcome a lot of troubles and the error that existing angle gauge brings inevitably in measuring the standing forest process, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of forestry compass with tree measuring function and using method thereof.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this:

1. be respectively arranged with four vertical hairs in the crosshair vertical hair both sides of forest compass telescope crosshair graticule, wherein Nei Ce vertical hair length is less than the vertical hair length in the outside, and two symmetrical vertical hair equal in length; Distance between the distance between two symmetrical vertical hairs is determined by object lens center to the distance at crosshair graticule center in the different pairing visual angle of angle gauge coefficient α 4=2 ° 17 ' 31.1 ", α 3=1 ° 37 ' 14.2 ", α 2=1 ° 08 ' 45.4 ", α 1=0 ° 48 ' 37.1 " and the forest compass telescope lens barrel respectively.

2. the using method of forestry compass with tree measuring function is as follows: 1. settle forestry compass with tree measuring function on angle gauge point, the instrument height is 1.3m; 2. by leveling centering, accurately centering angle gauge point; 3. adopt tape measure to measure the distance of trunk center to angle gauge point; 4. select the vertical hair of a pair of mutual symmetry of crosshair graticule according to different angle gauge coefficients, accurately aim at the trunk of the place ahead standing tree to be measured by the telescope of forestry compass with tree measuring function, according between the sight line by two vertical hairs and the standing tree trunk to be measured tangent, cut mutually, mutually surplus relation carries out trunk strain tree counting; 5. utilize the angle measurement function of forestry compass with tree measuring function, record the inclination angle, every strain counting wood is carried out the gradient correct.

This invention has the following advantages:

1. angle gauge and forest compass are united two into one, collection forest lining and angle gauge survey function are one;

2. aspect equipment placement, settle the forest compass on angle gauge point, by flattening centering, accurate centering angle gauge point provides the horizontal line of sight can run-off the straight;

3. forestry compass with tree measuring function has the angle measurement function, can record the inclination angle, corrects measured every strain trees are carried out the gradient, has improved measurement accuracy greatly;

4. work out automatic software for calculation by Casio program calculator fx-4800p, realize the robotization of data processing.

Four, description of drawings

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.

Fig. 1 is a crosshair graticule structural representation in the telescope of forestry compass with tree measuring function;

Fig. 2 is forestry compass with tree measuring function assize ultimate principle figure;

Fig. 3 corrects synoptic diagram for forestry compass with tree measuring function carries out the gradient to every strain counting wood.

Five, embodiment:

Forestry compass with tree measuring function and using method thereof have been done significant improvement unlike the prior art, specifically:

1) forestry compass with tree measuring function: collection forestry compass measuring technique and angle gauge survey technology one, be respectively arranged with four vertical hairs in crosshair vertical hair 5 both sides of forest compass telescope crosshair graticule as shown in Figure 1, wherein Nei Ce vertical hair length is less than the vertical hair length in the outside, and two symmetrical vertical hair equal in length; Distance between vertical hair 1 and vertical hair 9, vertical hair 2 and vertical hair 8, vertical hair 3 and vertical hair 7, vertical hair 4 and the vertical hair 6 is determined by object lens center O to the distance at crosshair graticule center in the different pairing visual angle of angle gauge coefficient α 4=2 ° 17 ' 31.1 ", α 3=1 ° 37 ' 14.2 ", α 2=1 ° 08 ' 45.4 ", α 1=0 ° 48 ' 37.1 " and the forest compass telescope lens barrel respectively.

2) using method of forestry compass with tree measuring function: 1. settle forestry compass with tree measuring function on angle gauge point, the instrument height is 1.3m; 2. by leveling centering, accurately centering angle gauge point; 3. as shown in Figure 2, select the vertical hair of a pair of mutual symmetry of crosshair graticule according to the visual angle of different angle gauge coefficient correspondences, accurately aim at the trunk of the place ahead standing tree to be measured by the telescope of forestry compass with tree measuring function, according between the sight line by two vertical hairs and the standing tree trunk to be measured tangent, cut mutually, mutually surplus relation carries out trunk strain tree counting.4. as shown in Figure 3, because the instrument height of forestry compass with tree measuring function is changed to 1.3m, then during assize wood breastheight place, the sight line of forestry compass with tree measuring function is parallel with ground, forest land, utilizes the measurement inclination angle function of forestry compass with tree measuring function to record wooden slope angle θ of every strain counting _iThereby, can carry out the gradient to every strain meter trees and correct, obtain revised count value Z _i'=Z _iSec θ _i5. when measuring the standing forest mean height, the forestry compass with tree measuring function collimation line is aimed at treetop and tree base respectively, the difference V at inclination angle and critical angle (β=60 ° 34 ') are compared, when V 〉=β, Z _Hi=1, when V＜β, Z _Hi=0, accumulation obtains vertical point sampling count value Z _h6. adopt tape measure measure the trunk center to angle gauge point apart from S.

3) utilize above-mentioned measuring and calculating gained basic data, can calculate the following factor:

The height of tree: H=I+SsinV ₁[tan (90-V ₂)-tan (90-V ₁)]

Per hectare basal area: G=FgZ

The per hectare stem-number: $N=\mathrm{Fg}\underset{j=1}{\overset{Z}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}\frac{Z_j}{g_j}$

Per hectare is accumulated: $M=\mathrm{Fg}\underset{j=1}{\overset{K}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{Z}_j\·{\left(\mathrm{fh}\right)}_j$

The standing forest mean height: $\stackrel{\‾}{H}=100\·\sqrt{\frac{Z_h}{N}}$

Fg-basal area factor;

The wooden strain number of Z-counting;

g _jThe basal area of-the j strain counting wood;

(fh) _jWooden form height is counted in-the j strain;

I＝1.3m；

Z _h-vertical point sampling count value;

S-trunk center is to the distance of angle gauge point;

V ₁-forestry compass with tree measuring function records the tree zenith distance at the end;

V ₂-forestry compass with tree measuring function records the zenith distance of treetop.

4) forestry compass with tree measuring function resolves software: with Casio program calculator fx-4800p is that instrument is worked out automatic software for calculation, the collection height of tree, per hectare basal area, strain are set, are accumulated, the standing forest mean height is calculated as one, and industry was calculated in software for calculation behind the program calculator of field operation measurement data typing Casio was finished automatically.

Claims (2)

1. forestry compass with tree measuring function, it is characterized in that: integrate forestry compass measuring technique and angle gauge survey technology, crosshair vertical hair (5) both sides at forest compass telescope crosshair graticule are respectively arranged with four vertical hairs, wherein Nei Ce vertical hair length is less than the vertical hair length in the outside, and two symmetrical vertical hair equal in length, first vertical hair (1) and the 9th vertical hair (9), second vertical hair (2) and the 8th vertical hair (8), the 3rd vertical hair (3) and the 7th vertical hair (7), distance between the 4th vertical hair (4) and the 6th vertical hair (6) is respectively by the different pairing visual angle of angle gauge coefficient α 4=2 ° 17 ' 31.1 "; α 3=1 ° 37 ' 14.2 ", α 2=1 ° 08 ' 45.4 "; α 1=0 ° 48 ' 37.1 " determines with object lens center (O) to the distance at crosshair graticule center in the forest compass telescope lens barrel.

2. tree survey method of realizing the described forestry compass with tree measuring function of claim 1, it is characterized in that: 1. settle forestry compass with tree measuring function on angle gauge point, the instrument height is 1.3m; 2. by leveling centering, accurately centering angle gauge point; 3. adopt tape measure to measure the distance of trunk center to angle gauge point; 4. select the vertical hair of a pair of mutual symmetry of crosshair graticule according to different angle gauge coefficients, accurately aim at the trunk of the place ahead standing tree to be measured by the telescope of forestry compass with tree measuring function, according between the sight line by two vertical hairs and the standing tree trunk to be measured tangent, cut mutually, mutually surplus relation carries out trunk strain tree counting; 5. the angle measurement function of utilizing forestry compass with tree measuring function to provide records the inclination angle, every strain counting wood is carried out the gradient correct.

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