CN111256505A

CN111256505A - Special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change radiator

Info

Publication number: CN111256505A
Application number: CN202010174501.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孟劲功; 孟观辰
Original assignee: Shanghai Hechenke New Materials Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Yitong Electronic Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-03-13
Filing date: 2020-03-13
Publication date: 2020-06-09

Abstract

The invention relates to a special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change radiator, and belongs to the technical field of radiators. A special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change radiator comprises a base plate and fins; at least two groups of fins are vertically fixed on the base plate, a linear groove is formed between every two adjacent groups of fins, and no fin is arranged at the groove; the fins and the grooves form an included angle; the included angle is an acute angle; a first cavity is formed in the base plate, a second cavity is formed in each fin, and the first cavity is communicated with the second cavity; phase change working media are stored in the first cavity and the second cavity. The invention solves the problems that the heat distribution of the existing natural convection radiator is very uneven in the application of natural convection, a high-temperature area is mainly concentrated in the middle area on the substrate, the heat exchange efficiency of fins is not high, the temperature difference is large and the like.

Description

Special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change radiator

Technical Field

The invention relates to a special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change radiator, and belongs to the technical field of radiators.

Background

At present, the conventional air-cooled heat dissipation mainly comprises forced air-cooled heat dissipation and natural convection heat dissipation, and the heat dissipation caused by fluid movement is called forced convection heat dissipation through the action of other external forces such as a fan and the like; forced air cooling heat dissipation usually employs a fan to force a fluid to flow through a heat sink, and the heat is taken out of the system through heat exchange between the fluid and the heat sink. Due to the existence of forced convection power elements such as a fan, the problems of noise, safety, reliability, service life, IP grade reduction and the like can be caused.

The natural convection heat dissipation refers to the flow caused by the non-uniformity of the temperature field of the fluid without being pushed by external force such as a fan. The density difference is formed by the uneven temperature of each part of the fluid participating in heat exchange, so that the convection heat exchange phenomenon caused by the buoyancy lift force is generated in the gravity field or other force fields. The natural convection heat dissipation capability is poorer than the forced convection heat dissipation capability, and the volume of the radiator is larger than that of the forced convection radiator under the same heat power consumption. But it has the characteristics of no maintenance, no noise, high reliability and safety, high IP grade and the like. The method is more suitable for high application of communication base stations, rail transit converters, green energy frequency converters and the like with high requirements on maintenance, reliability and safety.

However, the heat exchange and dissipation capacity of natural convection is poor, and the heat exchange coefficient of the conventional air natural convection radiator is generally 5-25W/(m 2 × K), so that the natural convection radiator has a large overall dimension and a heavy weight, and the conventional natural convection radiator is mostly made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and has a heat conductivity coefficient generally 150-220W/m.k, so that the heat conduction and heat exchange performance of the conventional air natural convection radiator is poor. The temperature difference of different parts of the radiator is also large, which results in poor radiating effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change radiator, which solves the problems that the heat distribution is very uneven, a high-temperature area is mainly concentrated in the middle area on a base plate, the heat exchange efficiency of fins is not high, the temperature difference is large and the like in the conventional natural convection radiator in natural convection application.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change radiator comprises a base plate and fins; at least two groups of fins are vertically fixed on the base plate, a linear groove is formed between every two adjacent groups of fins, and no fin is arranged at the groove; the fins and the grooves form an included angle; the included angle is an acute angle; a first cavity is formed in the base plate, a second cavity is formed in each fin, and the first cavity is communicated with the second cavity; phase change working media are stored in the first cavity and the second cavity.

Preferably, the substrate located in the XOY plane has at least one linear groove along the X direction or the Y direction, or along both the X direction and the Y direction, and the groove is not provided with fins.

Preferably, the first cavity is internally provided with a step for supporting, strengthening and guiding the phase-change vapor fluid.

Further, the steps are distributed at the following parts: a portion corresponding to the groove, and a portion between adjacent fins.

Preferably, the first cavity is a phase-change substrate steam cavity, and the second cavity is a phase-change fin steam cavity; and sintering a multi-element sintered powder capillary layer on the inner surface of the phase change shell.

Preferably, the fins are in an inclined straight line type, and the inclination angle ranges from 30 degrees to 60 degrees.

Preferably, the fins are in an inclined curve type, the curvature radius R of the curve type fins is 200 mm-500 mm, and the included angle between the arc chord lines of the curve type fins and the basic horizontal plane is 30-60 degrees.

Preferably, the grooves are symmetrical axes, and the two groups of fins are fixed on the base plate in an axial symmetry manner.

Further, the phase change temperature of the working medium is 15-100 ℃, and the latent heat of evaporation is 80-2260J/g; the width of the groove is 10.0-30.0 mm, and the depth of the phase change fin is 30-80 mm.

The manufacturing method of the special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change radiator comprises the steps of processing the shape and the fin structure of the radiator through die casting or cold forging, forming a first cavity in a substrate and a second cavity in fins, wherein the first cavity is internally provided with a step 9 for supporting, strengthening and guiding phase change steam fluid, the second cavity is a continuous phase change fin cavity or a phase change fin cavity formed at intervals, and the depth of each phase change fin is 30-80 mm; machining a first cavity, a second cavity and a step 9 through NC; the radiator body and the cover plate are sealed by brazing.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the phase change heat transfer of the phase change substrate is that the substrate absorbs heat of a heat source to enable working media to change from liquid phase to vapor phase, and the phase change working media vapor diffuses along the direction of X, Y due to vapor pressure difference to enable the heat of the heat source to be transferred at an effective uniform temperature, so that the temperature difference between the highest temperature point and the lowest temperature point is reduced. The phase-change substrate transfers heat of a heat source through phase-change steam at a uniform temperature along the direction X, Y, so that the problem that the heat is transferred by means of material conduction is solved, the heat source area is a high-temperature gradient area, and the farther the heat source is away from the heat source, the lower the temperature gradient is; the heat dissipation performance is improved.

2. The phase change base plate transfers heat of a heat source along the direction of X, Y through the temperature equalization of phase change steam, so that the heat dissipated by each fin is effectively and uniformly exchanged, and the heat exchange efficiency of each fin is improved. The heat transfer by material conduction is improved, the heat source area fin is a high-temperature gradient area, the exchange efficiency of the fin is higher, and the farther away from the heat source, the lower the temperature gradient of the fin is, and the lower the heat exchange efficiency of the fin is. The heat exchange efficiency of the fins is not uniform, and the overall efficiency is low. Thereby improving heat dissipation performance.

3. The phase-change steam flows and transfers along the direction X, Y, and simultaneously diffuses to the fin phase-change steam channel along the Z direction, thereby effectively reducing the temperature difference of the fin from the base plate root to the fin far end. Thereby improving heat dissipation performance.

4. In the traditional radiator, air rises along a fin air channel, and the temperature of the air is continuously raised in the rising process along a fluid channel due to the exchange of heat transferred by a base plate and fins, so that the temperature gradient of the base plate is continuously raised from bottom to top. The longer the fin gas passage, the more affected the temperature of the upper fin and the base plate, and the lower the heat dissipation efficiency. The adoption of the special-shaped phase change channel as shown in figures 15 and 16 shortens the air ascending flow compared with the traditional fin layout; and the distribution and the width of the fin grooves can be flexibly adjusted according to the layout of the heat source. Thereby effectively improving the heat exchange efficiency of the fins according to the distribution of the hot spots of the substrate. Thereby improving heat dissipation performance.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional heat sink in the prior art.

FIG. 2 is a graph of heat sink temperature gradient using the model of FIG. 1, analyzed using natural convection simulation.

Fig. 3 is a radiator fluid vector diagram using natural convection simulation analysis using the model of fig. 1.

Fig. 4a is a schematic structural diagram (partially cut away) of the shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of the present invention.

Fig. 4b is a partial enlarged view of fig. 4 a.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of the present invention with a groove in the symmetry axis.

FIG. 7 is a front view of the special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of the present invention with a groove in the symmetry axis.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of the present invention with a symmetrical groove on each side.

FIG. 9 is a front view of the shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of the present invention with a symmetrical groove on each side.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of the present invention when a groove is formed in each of the symmetry axis and the portions perpendicular to the symmetry axis.

FIG. 11 is a front view of the special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of the present invention with a symmetry axis and several portions perpendicular to the symmetry axis having a groove.

FIG. 12 is a graph of the temperature gradient of a shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink using natural convection simulation analysis, opposite the model of FIG. 10.

FIG. 13 is a front view of the model of FIG. 10, a temperature gradient map of a shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink using natural convection simulation analysis.

FIG. 14 is a side view of the model of FIG. 10, a temperature gradient map of a shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink using natural convection simulation analysis.

FIG. 15 is a heat flow simulated air vector distribution plot.

Fig. 16 is a schematic perspective view of the internal structure of the special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of the present invention after being processed by die casting or cold forging.

Fig. 17 is a front view of the internal structure of the special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of the present invention after being processed by die casting or cold forging.

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of the present invention with a cover plate attached.

FIG. 19 is a schematic view of the shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of the present invention with the cover plate removed.

FIG. 20 is a schematic illustration of a sintered substrate shell cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning, oven dried, and hermetically welded to a cold plate shell by high power laser welding, electron beam sintering, FSW, TIG, MIG, etc.

In the figure, 1 is a solid fin, 2 is a groove, 3 is a solid substrate, 4 is a phase change substrate cavity, 5 is a phase change fin cavity, 6 is a heat source, 7 is a phase change fin, 8 is a phase change substrate, 9 is a cavity reinforcing step, 10 is a welding boss, and 11 is a cover plate (a sintering capillary layer).

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.

Example one (comparative example):

in the natural convection heat dissipation application, it is often applied to the heat dissipation of multiple heat sources, the heat sink has a relatively high vertical height as shown in fig. 1, which is the outline structure of a conventional natural convection heat sink, and the size of the heat sink structure is as follows: width 200 ~ 650mm is multiplied by height 200 ~ 700mm multiplied by depth 45 ~ 120mm (fin height), and tooth bottom thickness: 1.5 to 3.5; tooth crest thickness: 1.0-2.0 mm; pitch: 12-18 mm; the general fins of the radiator are vertically arranged from bottom to top, and a groove with the thickness of 15-30 mm is processed according to the requirement.

FIG. 2 FIG. 3 is a graph of the temperature gradient of a heat sink, and a fluid vector diagram, using the above model, using natural convection simulation analysis; from the temperature gradient distribution of the substrate, the temperature gradient of the heat source area is increased from bottom to top, and the temperature of the middle area is higher than that of the two sides. The temperature difference between the highest temperature of the substrate and the surrounding temperature is large, so that the temperature uniformity of the substrate of the radiator is not good. From the fin temperature gradient diagram of FIG. 2, the temperature gradient difference from the substrate side to the far end of the fin is also large, and the temperature difference is about 5-8K. From the velocity vector diagram of fig. 3, natural convection is adopted for heat dissipation, air flows upwards from bottom to top in a flow channel formed by fins, the flow velocity of air is continuously increased from bottom to top, the temperature is also continuously increased, and the heat is accumulated and increased upwards, so that the temperature and the heat dissipation efficiency of the upper part of the heat radiator are influenced, and the temperature difference between the upper part and the lower part of the heat radiator is 10-15K.

Therefore, the heat distribution is very uneven in the natural convection application as the conventional radiator, the high-temperature area is mainly concentrated in the middle area on the substrate, the heat exchange efficiency of the fins is not high, and the temperature difference is large.

Example two

The principle of the special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change radiator is as follows: the novel special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change radiator phase change area is a vacuum sealed shell consisting of a phase change substrate steam cavity and a phase change fin steam cavity, a multi-element sintered powder capillary layer is sintered on the inner surface of the phase change substrate shell, and a certain amount of phase change working medium is injected into the sealed shell. When heating element during operation produced the heat, transmit to novel dysmorphism multidimension phase change radiator internal surface through phase change cold drawing casing (the material generally is aluminium and aluminum alloy), the heat passes through heat-conduction transmission to capillary structure layer and shells internal surface, thereby take place heat exchange with the working medium, the working medium absorbs the heat, be vapour state by liquid phase transition, carry out heat samming diffusion transmission to two directions X and Y through the base plate steam cavity with the heat through the steam cavity, and to carrying out heat transfer to Z through phase change fin steam passage, thereby realize multidimension samming phase transition heat transfer. The heat is conducted to the radiating fins when the heat is transferred through the phase change fins, so that the surface temperature of the radiator is uniformly distributed, the heat exchange capacity of the phase change fins and the radiating fins and natural convection air is improved, and the heat generated by a heat source is dissipated more efficiently. As shown in fig. 4a, 4b, 5.

Fig. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are structural diagrams of a special-shaped multi-dimensional phase-change radiator, which mainly comprise a phase-change substrate and phase-change fins, wherein the phase-change substrate is integrally connected with the phase-change fins, the fins are inclined linear (as shown in fig. 6 and 7) and inclined curved (as shown in fig. 8 and 9), the inclined linear fins and the horizontal plane of the substrate form a certain included angle theta of 30-60 degrees, the curved fins R are 200-500 mm, and the included angle of the arc-shaped chord lines and the horizontal plane of the substrate is 30-60 degrees. The structural size of the radiator is as follows: a width of 200 to 650mm, a height of 200 to 700mm, and a depth of 45 to 120mm (fin height); the thickness of the base plate is 5-25 mm, and the thickness of the bottom of the fin is as follows: 2.0-5.5 mm; thickness of the fin top: 1.50-2.0 mm; pitch: 12-25 mm. Different numbers of grooves (the number of the grooves is more than 1) are processed in the middle of the radiator fin, and the grooves can be vertical grooves along the Y direction or transverse grooves along the X direction; the width of the groove is 10.0-30.0 mm. As shown in fig. 9, 10, 11.

Fig. 12, 13 and 14 are special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat radiator temperature gradient diagrams analyzed by natural convection simulation by using the above models, and from the above simulation analysis, the temperature distribution of the whole heat radiator becomes more uniform and reasonable, the highest temperature point does not appear in the top upper region but appears in the middle upper region, the temperature gradient distribution becomes more uniform, and the temperature difference between the highest point and the lowest point is less than 2 ℃. The fin temperature difference is also greatly improved, and the temperature difference from the base plate to the far end of the fin is less than 0.5 ℃.

From the simulation analysis result, the heat radiator adopting the special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change temperature equalization technology has the advantages that the temperature equalization of the surface of the substrate and the temperature difference of the fins are greatly improved, and therefore the heat exchange performance of the heat radiator is improved.

The main factors for greatly improving the performance of the radiator are as follows:

1. the phase change heat transfer of the phase change substrate is that the substrate absorbs heat of a heat source to enable working media to change from liquid phase to vapor phase, and the phase change working media vapor diffuses along the direction of X, Y due to vapor pressure difference to enable the heat of the heat source to be transferred at an effective uniform temperature, so that the temperature difference between the highest temperature point and the lowest temperature point is reduced. The phase change substrate transfers heat of a heat source through phase change steam in the direction X, Y, so that the problem that the heat is transferred by means of material conduction is solved, and the heat source area is a high-temperature gradient area and the temperature gradient is lower as the distance from the heat source is farther.

2. The phase change base plate transfers heat of a heat source along the direction of X, Y through the temperature equalization of phase change steam, so that the heat dissipated by each fin is effectively and uniformly exchanged, and the heat exchange efficiency of each fin is improved. The heat transfer by material conduction is improved, the heat source area fin is a high-temperature gradient area, the exchange efficiency of the fin is higher, and the farther away from the heat source, the lower the temperature gradient of the fin is, and the lower the heat exchange efficiency of the fin is. The heat exchange efficiency of the fins is not uniform, and the overall efficiency is low.

3. The phase-change steam flows and transfers along the direction X, Y, and simultaneously diffuses to the fin phase-change steam channel along the Z direction, thereby effectively reducing the temperature difference of the fin from the base plate root to the fin far end.

4. In the traditional radiator, air rises along a fin air channel, and the temperature of the air is continuously raised in the rising process along a fluid channel due to the exchange of heat transferred by a base plate and fins, so that the temperature gradient of the base plate is continuously raised from bottom to top. The longer the fin gas passage, the more affected the temperature of the upper fin and the base plate, and the lower the heat dissipation efficiency. The air ascending flow is shorter by adopting the special-shaped phase change channel as shown in figure 15 compared with the traditional fin layout; and the distribution and the width of the fin grooves can be flexibly adjusted according to the layout of the heat source. Thereby effectively improving the heat exchange efficiency of the fins according to the distribution of the hot spots of the substrate.

This novel dysmorphism multidimension phase transition radiator four key elements: 1. the device comprises a sealed shell 2, a sintered powder capillary structure 3, a phase change working medium 4, a special-shaped fin structure and a layout.

The novel special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat dissipation sealing shell material has the following characteristics: excellent heat conductivity coefficient, generally 80W/m.K-400W/m.K; good structural strength yield point is generally required to be 50 MPa-800 MPa, and excellent weldability includes vacuum brazing, vacuum diffusion welding, gas shielded welding, friction stir welding, resistance welding, TIG, MIG, high-power laser welding, electron beam welding and the like. The main common materials include: copper-based materials, iron-based materials, 1-series aluminum alloys, 3-series aluminum alloys, 5-series aluminum alloys, 6-series aluminum alloys, and the like.

The sintered powder capillary structure is mainly characterized by having metal or alloy particles with excellent heat transfer performance, the particle diameter is 30-250 meshes, and the metal particles are pure metal particles or multi-element metal materials: including copper-based materials, pure aluminum, aluminum-zinc alloys, aluminum-silicon alloys, and the like.

The composite working medium is required to have phase transition temperature (the common phase transition temperature is generally between 15 and 100 ℃) suitable for application environment, higher latent heat of evaporation (80 to 2260J/g), chemical stability and compatibility with a shell material, and meet the environmental requirements of ODP and GWP. Including water, ammonia, fluorinated alkanes, fluorinated ethers, cycloalkanes, freon substitutes, etc.

This dysmorphism multidimension phase transition heat dissipation manufacture process: carrying out structural design according to natural simulation analysis of the special-shaped multi-dimensional phase-change radiator, and designing structural appearance and layout, fin height, thickness, spacing, inclination angle, radian and the like of radiating fins (including phase-change fins and solid radiating fins) and a phase-change sealing cavity according to radiating requirements; the radiating fins are formed by straight inclined line segments or arc curve segments, the fins and the horizontal plane have a certain included angle which is generally between 30 and 60 degrees, the curve type fins R are between 200 and 500mm, and the included angle between the arc chord lines and the horizontal plane of the base plate is between 30 and 60 degrees; the fins can be continuous phase change fins or interval phase change fins, and can be designed and adjusted according to heat dissipation requirements and processing technology requirements. The fin thickness is generally the tooth bottom thickness: 2.0-5.5 mm; tooth crest thickness: 1.50-2.0 mm; pitch: 12-25 mm. Different numbers of grooves (the number of the grooves is more than 1) are processed in the middle of the radiator fin, and the grooves can be vertical grooves along the Y direction or transverse grooves along the X direction; the width of the groove is 10.0-30.0 mm.

According to different product requirements. The structure and the size are designed and optimized, and the corresponding workpiece is manufactured through die-casting after the determination, wherein the structure is as shown in figure 8. The thickness of the radiating fins (generally, fins on the left side and the right side and fins arranged transversely) is generally 1.0-4.0 mm, and the thickness of the fins to be processed (generally, fins arranged longitudinally and processed into phase change steam channels through subsequent processing) is generally 2.0-6.0 mm. The distance between the fins to be processed is generally 10.0-16.0 mm, the distance between the radiating fins distributed along the Z-direction and transversely is generally 12.0-25.0 mm, and the thickness of the base plate of the section is generally 2.0-20 mm. The height of the fins is generally 50.0-150.0 mm.

The radiator body shape and the fin structure shown in the figures 16 and 17 are processed through die casting or cold forging, a base plate cavity and a fin cavity are formed, steps 9 for supporting, reinforcing and guiding phase-change steam fluid are arranged in the base plate cavity, the fins can form continuous phase-change fin cavities according to the heat dissipation requirements of products, the phase-change fin cavities can also be formed at intervals, and the depth of each phase-change fin is 30-80 mm. The substrate, the fin phase change cavity and the reinforcing step can also be processed through NC. The radiator structure is suitable for the brazing sealing (vacuum brazing or gas protection brazing) of the radiator body and the cover plate.

And after the sealed shell is processed, carrying out ultrasonic cleaning and drying.

Sintering powder is filled on the inner surface of the cavity by using a sintering powder jig, the thickness, the area, the section difference and the like of the sintering powder are limited, sintering powder particles with different materials, shapes and particle sizes are selected, and a sintering capillary layer is sintered on the inner surface of the substrate shell, wherein the thickness is generally 0.5-3.0 mm.

And cleaning the sintered substrate shell by ultrasonic cleaning and drying. The heat spreader body and the sintered capillary layer cover plate are hermetically welded together by a brazing process, as shown in fig. 19.

Referring to fig. 20, the shape and the fin structure of the radiator body are processed by die casting or cold forging, and a substrate cavity and a fin cavity are formed, wherein steps for supporting, reinforcing and phase change steam fluid guiding are arranged in the substrate cavity, a boss (the step width is 5-20 mm) for welding is formed on the surface of each step, and the fins can form continuous phase change fin cavities or phase change fin cavities at intervals according to the heat dissipation requirements of products, wherein the depth of each phase change fin is 30-80 mm. The substrate, the fin phase change cavity and the reinforcing step can also be processed through NC. The radiator structure is suitable for the sealing welding processes of high-power laser welding, electron beam sintering, FSW, TIG, MIG and the like of the radiator body and the cover plate.

And cleaning the sintered substrate shell by ultrasonic cleaning, drying, and welding the substrate shell and the cold plate shell together by welding processes such as high-power laser welding, electron beam sintering, FSW, TIG, MIG and the like.

And welding the process tail pipe at the position of the process hole of the radiator. And performing sealing test on the radiator sealing shell through the welded process tail pipe, performing leak detection by using helium mass spectrum leak detection equipment, wherein the helium leak detection pressure is 600 +/-50 Kpa, the time is 60-90 s, and the judgment standard is <1.0 x 10-7 mbar.l/s. Then, vacuumizing the sealed shell through a process tail pipe, wherein the vacuum degree is required to be less than 20 Pa; and then, injecting a working medium through the process tail pipe, wherein the amount of the working medium is calculated according to the thickness of the capillary structure and the steam cavity body. And sealing the process tail pipe by using a sealing tool, and melting and sealing the sealing point by using TIG (tungsten inert gas), high-power laser or electron beam welding. And then performing finish machining on the appearance to reach the structural size and the assembly standard of the related special-shaped multi-dimensional phase change radiator.

Example two preferred embodiments of the present invention, one of ordinary skill in the art may make various changes or modifications thereto without departing from the general inventive concept, and such changes or modifications should fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a dysmorphism multidimension phase transition radiator which characterized in that:

comprises a substrate and a fin;

at least two groups of fins are vertically fixed on the base plate, a linear groove is formed between every two adjacent groups of fins, and no fin is arranged at the groove;

the fins and the grooves form an included angle;

the included angle is an acute angle;

a first cavity is formed in the base plate, a second cavity is formed in each fin, and the first cavity is communicated with the second cavity;

phase change working media are stored in the first cavity and the second cavity.

2. The shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of claim 1, wherein: the substrate in the XOY plane has at least one linear groove along the X direction, the Y direction or both the X direction and the Y direction, and no fin is arranged in the groove.

3. The shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the first cavity is internally provided with a step for supporting, strengthening and guiding the phase-change vapor fluid.

4. The shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of claim 3, wherein: the steps are distributed at the following parts: a portion corresponding to the groove, and a portion between adjacent fins.

5. The shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of claim 1, wherein: the first cavity is a phase-change substrate steam cavity, and the second cavity is a phase-change fin steam cavity; and sintering a multi-element sintered powder capillary layer on the inner surface of the phase change shell.

6. The shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of claim 1, wherein: the fins are in an inclined linear type, and the range of the inclination angle is 30-60 degrees.

7. The shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of claim 1, wherein: the fins are in an inclined curve type, the curvature radius R of the curve type fins is 200 mm-500 mm, and the included angle between the arc chord lines of the curve type fins and the basic horizontal plane is 30-60 degrees.

8. The shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of claim 1, wherein: the grooves are symmetrical shafts, and the two groups of fins are fixed on the base plate in an axial symmetry mode.

9. The shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink of claim 2, wherein: the phase change temperature of the working medium is 15-100 ℃, and the latent heat of evaporation is 80-2260J/g; the width of the groove is 10.0-30.0 mm, and the depth of the phase change fin is 30-80 mm.

10. A method for manufacturing a shaped multi-dimensional phase change heat sink as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, wherein:

the radiator body shape and the fin structure are processed through die casting or cold forging, a first cavity in the base plate and a second cavity in the fin are formed, steps (9) used for supporting, strengthening and guiding phase-change steam fluid are arranged in the first cavity, the second cavity is a continuous phase-change fin cavity or a phase-change fin cavity formed at intervals, and the depth of the phase-change fin is 30-80 mm;

machining the first cavity, the second cavity and the step (9) through NC;

the radiator body and the cover plate are sealed by brazing.