CN111250467A - Cage netting replacing and cleaning method based on culture auxiliary ship - Google Patents
Cage netting replacing and cleaning method based on culture auxiliary ship Download PDFInfo
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- CN111250467A CN111250467A CN202010076148.9A CN202010076148A CN111250467A CN 111250467 A CN111250467 A CN 111250467A CN 202010076148 A CN202010076148 A CN 202010076148A CN 111250467 A CN111250467 A CN 111250467A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
- B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
- B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- B08B3/123—Cleaning travelling work, e.g. webs, articles on a conveyor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
- B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
- B08B3/022—Cleaning travelling work
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a net cage net changing and cleaning method based on a culture auxiliary ship, which can realize the change of a net cage by steps one to seven, wherein the net cage culture site still cultured with cultured fish products in the net cage to be cleaned has the advantages of high change efficiency and low labor intensity; in addition, through the efficient ultrasonic cleaning device and the eighth step, continuous operation of changing the netting and efficiently cleaning the netting can be realized while the netting to be cleaned is pulled onto the culture auxiliary ship.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a net cage culture method, in particular to a net cage net replacing and cleaning method based on a culture auxiliary ship.
Background
The netting is indispensable part in the mariculture action, and the netting can be adhered to by marine organism among the mariculture process, and main attachment contains silt, seaweed, marine alga, mussel and barnacle, does not wash the netting for a long time, can reduce the inside and outside water body exchange in the mariculture region, influences the growth rate of breed variety and breeds the disease easily, can lead to the breed variety to die seriously, and the washing of consequently netting is one of the most important administrative work in the breed link.
Because the area of breeding the netting is big, and the adhesion condition is different, and the severity differs, the washing of netting all the time is very big work of intensity of labour, especially is with the adhesion of aquatic animals such as barnacle and mussel, and it is very difficult to wash. The traditional cleaning mode is mainly that the netting is unfolded and laid on a flat ground by manpower, then a high-pressure water gun is used for washing, and the netting needs to be frequently turned in the washing process so as to ensure that the netting is cleaned in place. And after the cleaning is finished, the netting is exposed to the sun for a period of time, and after shells of aquatic animals such as barnacles, mussels and the like are dried up, the shells are broken by a hammer, so that the final cleaning of the netting can be finished. All the links are operated by manpower, the labor intensity is high, the efficiency is low, the effect is not ideal, and the cost is high (comprising time cost, labor cost, fuel oil cost or electric power cost). Meanwhile, with the gradual increase of the volume of the net cage monomer, the weight of a single C80 net can reach 400 kilograms, if attachments are added, the weight of the net can reach 600 kilograms, the carrying and the laying of the nets greatly exceed the manpower range, and the related work is completed with great labor input under the condition of no mechanical facility assistance. And the investment becomes larger along with the enlargement of the netting, which greatly limits the economy of cage culture and limits the development of the industry.
According to the example of the C80 netting, according to the traditional replacing and cleaning mode, firstly replacing the old netting from the water surface, at least 4 persons spend half a day to finish the replacement, then transferring the old netting from the water surface to a cleaning place, manually carrying the old netting to a cleaning platform again, and calculating the link according to 2 hours on average; then, the netting is cleaned, and at least 2 persons are generally needed under the optimal state, 1 person holds a spray gun to wash, and 1 person turns over the netting; washing a net for at least 1 day on average; a 4-atmosphere high pressure water gun requires a 8 kw fuel prime mover to continue driving. If the weather is not good, workers are unskilled in operation, the cleaning field is limited by relevant factors, and the cleaning efficiency and the cleaning effect are difficult to guarantee. After the work is finished, the remaining uncleaned shells on the netting are manually removed by 6 persons at least after the netting is unfolded and dried in the sun. Therefore, the efficiency is low and the investment is large. Therefore, the cultivation utilization rate of the netting is greatly reduced, and the burden of fishermen is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the net cage and netting replacing and cleaning method based on the culture auxiliary ship is provided, and the problems that the net cage and netting are difficult to replace and clean in the prior art are solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for replacing and cleaning net cages and nettings based on an auxiliary culture ship is suitable for a net cage culture site with cultured fish products cultured in the net cages to be cleaned, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, unfastening the bottom counterweight of the netting to be cleaned;
step two, lifting the bottom surface of the netting to be cleaned by a preset height;
thirdly, dividing the top opening net edge of the netting to be cleaned into a first net edge section and a second net edge section, under the condition that the connection between the binding rope on the first net edge section and the floating pipe frame is kept, disconnecting the binding rope on the second net edge section from the floating pipe frame, straightening the second net edge section and then fixing the second net edge section on the floating pipe frame again, so that the second net edge section forms a straightened net edge section, and an operation space is reserved between the straightened net edge section and the floating pipe frame;
hoisting the replacement netting into the operation space from the culture auxiliary ship through a crane;
dividing the top opening net edge of the replacement net into a pre-bound net edge section and a free net edge section, marking the pipe section of the floating pipe frame, which is kept with the first net edge section, as a first pipe section, and marking the pipe section of the floating pipe frame, which is not kept connected with the net to be cleaned, as a second pipe section;
firstly, the pre-bound net edge section is bound on the second pipe section, the first end of an auxiliary guide rope is fixed on the free net edge section, and the second end of the auxiliary guide rope is connected to the first pipe section after bypassing the lower part of the net to be cleaned;
then, hanging a plurality of temporary counterweights on the free net edge section;
finally, after the free net edge section sinks to the position below the netting to be cleaned under the action of the temporary balance weight, the free net edge section is pulled to the first pipe section of the floating pipe frame through the traction of the auxiliary guide rope, so that the netting to be cleaned is positioned inside the replacement netting;
binding and tying the top opening net edge of the replacement netting on the floating pipe frame, taking down the temporary counterweight, and hanging the bottom counterweight at the bottom of the replacement netting;
and seventhly, disconnecting all the connection between the netting to be cleaned and the floating pipe frame, connecting the driving end of a winch on the culture auxiliary ship and the bottom of the netting to be cleaned by using a traction rope, starting the winch again to pull the netting to be cleaned up onto the culture auxiliary ship in a mode that the bottom of the netting to be cleaned is upward and the top opening net edge of the netting to be cleaned is downward, so that the cultured fish products in the netting to be cleaned move into the replacement netting in the process, and the netting replacement operation of the net cage is finished.
Preferably: in the fifth step, the first end of the auxiliary guide rope is fixed at the middle position of the free net side section, and the connecting line between the connecting position of the second end of the auxiliary guide rope and the first pipe section and the middle position of the pre-bound net side section passes through the center of the floating pipe frame, so that the operation stability and reliability of the fifth step are improved.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the culture auxiliary ship is provided with a high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device; the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device comprises an inlet roll shaft, a cleaning pool, an outlet roll shaft, a plurality of ultrasonic transducers and a plurality of net pressing roll shafts;
the cleaning pool is used for containing cleaning liquid, the ultrasonic transducers are arranged at the bottom of the cleaning pool, and the ultrasonic transducers are arranged at intervals in the front-back direction;
the inlet roller shaft is arranged in front of the cleaning pool, the outlet roller shaft is arranged behind the cleaning pool, and the arrangement positions of the inlet roller shaft and the outlet roller shaft are higher than the top edge of the cleaning pool; the net pressing roll shafts are arranged in the cleaning pool and below the liquid level of the cleaning liquid, and the net pressing roll shafts are arranged at intervals along the front-back direction; the axes of the inlet roll shaft, the outlet roll shaft and the net pressing roll shaft are parallel and vertical to the front-back direction;
the winch is arranged behind the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device;
the method for replacing and cleaning the net of the net cage further comprises the following steps:
step eight, after the netting to be cleaned is pulled up to the culture auxiliary ship, the netting to be cleaned is positioned in front of the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device, and a support rod is fixedly connected to the edge of the short edge of the netting to be cleaned; then, the traction rope is changed to be connected between the supporting rod and the driving end of the winch; finally, the ultrasonic transducer and the winch are started, so that: the winch drags the netting to be cleaned to move backwards from the front through the traction rope and the supporting rod, so that the netting to be cleaned firstly passes through the upper part of the inlet roller shaft, then passes through the lower part of the net pressing roller shaft, and finally passes through the upper part of the outlet roller shaft.
Therefore, the invention utilizes the guiding function of the inlet roll shaft and the outlet roll shaft of the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device on the netting to be cleaned and the pressing function of the plurality of net pressing roll shafts on the netting to be cleaned, and the winch is matched to drag the netting to be cleaned through the traction rope and the support rod, so that the netting to be cleaned is in an unfolded state and is positioned below the liquid level of the cleaning liquid when passing through the cleaning pool, thereby providing favorable precondition for cleaning attachments on the netting to be cleaned by using an ultrasonic transducer and avoiding the problems that the rolled netting to be cleaned is difficult to clean and the completely unfolded netting to be cleaned in the prior art has too large area and is difficult to have a proper cleaning field;
when the netting to be cleaned passes through the cleaning pool, the netting to be cleaned in the unfolded state is cleaned by utilizing cavitation bubbles generated by the ultrasonic transducer in the cleaning liquid so as to remove attachments on the netting to be cleaned, and the cleaning efficiency of the netting to be cleaned is greatly improved;
and step eight of the invention can be completed by only 1-2 workers, thus greatly reducing the manpower quantity requirement and labor intensity of the netting to be cleaned.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the number of the ultrasonic transducers is N which is more than or equal to 3, and the N ultrasonic transducers are uniformly arranged at intervals along the front-back direction;
the N ultrasonic transducers only need to be numbered from front to back, and the frequency range of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ith ultrasonic transducer is recorded as the ith frequency interval [ fmin_i，fmax_i]，fmin_iRepresents the lower limit frequency f of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ith ultrasonic transducermax_iThe upper limit frequency of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ith ultrasonic transducer is represented, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
the difference delta f between the upper limit frequency and the lower limit frequency of each ultrasonic transducer is equal, namely delta f is fmax_i-fmin_i；
For any two adjacent ultrasonic transducers, the upper limit frequency of the front side is more than or equal to the lower limit frequency of the rear side and less than the upper limit frequency of the rear side, and the difference delta f' between the upper limit frequency of the front side and the lower limit frequency of the rear side satisfies the following condition: delta f' is less than or equal to delta f/2;
the lower limit frequency of the first ultrasonic transducer is 23kHz, and the upper limit frequency of the Nth ultrasonic transducer is 28 kHz.
Therefore, the present invention arranges at least three ultrasonic transducers at regular intervals from front to back, sets the frequency ranges of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducers to have equal frequency interval width Δ f, and gradually increases the upper and lower limit values of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducers in the front-to-back direction (i.e. in the passing order of the netting to be cleaned), and the overlapping frequency width Δ f' of the two adjacent ultrasonic transducers is not more than half of the frequency interval width Δ f, and controls the collection of the frequency ranges of the ultrasonic waves emitted by all the N ultrasonic transducers to be between 23kHz and 28kHz, thereby matching the passing order of the netting to be cleaned in the cleaning tank, being more suitable for removing most common attachments (i.e. silt, seaweed, mussel and barnacle) on the netting to be cleaned, further improving the cleaning effect and the cleaning efficiency of the netting 7 to be cleaned (through experiments, the cleaning of one piece of netting to be cleaned can be completed within 1-2 hours and reaches the standard);
moreover, the damage frequency range of materials used by the netting to be cleaned can be avoided, and the netting to be cleaned is prevented from being damaged by ultrasonic cleaning.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device also comprises a netting inlet pipeline; the netting inlet pipeline is arranged in front of the inlet roller shaft, the netting inlet pipeline is a pipeline member with the width gradually narrowed from a front end inlet to a rear end outlet, and the width of the rear end outlet is close to the width of the cleaning pool.
Therefore, before the netting to be cleaned is dragged to move from front to back in the fourth step, the netting to be cleaned can be placed at the netting inlet pipeline in a retractable mode without being unfolded in advance, and when the netting to be cleaned is dragged to move from front to back in the fourth step, the netting to be cleaned can be automatically unfolded after passing through the netting inlet pipeline and then enters the cleaning pool.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device also comprises a lifting mechanism; each net pressing roll shaft is installed on the lifting mechanism.
Therefore, when the step four is needed to be executed to clean the netting to be cleaned, the lifting mechanism controls the net pressing roll shaft to descend, namely, the net pressing roll shaft can be ensured to be positioned below the liquid level of the cleaning liquid, and before the netting to be cleaned is cleaned or after the netting to be cleaned is cleaned, the lifting mechanism controls the net pressing roll shaft to ascend, so that operations such as cleaning of a cleaning pool, replacement of the cleaning liquid and the like can be conveniently carried out, and the net pressing roll shaft is prevented from being hindered.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention: the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device also comprises a spraying device and a dirt collecting box; the spraying device and the dirt collecting box are both positioned behind the outlet roll shaft, the spraying device is positioned above the outlet roll shaft, and the dirt collecting box is positioned under the spraying device.
Therefore, the spraying device can be used for spraying and cleaning the netting to be cleaned so as to further improve the cleaning effect, and the dirt cleaned by spraying falls into the dirt collecting box.
Preferably: the front end inner wall of washing pond is the inclined plane of downward sloping backward in the past, the rear end inner wall of washing pond is the inclined plane of upward sloping backward in the past to it is right to reduce the washing pond wait to wash the resistance that the etting moved backward in the past and caused.
Preferably: the front net pressing roll shaft is positioned in front of the front ultrasonic transducer, and the back net pressing roll shaft is positioned behind the back ultrasonic transducer, so that the netting to be cleaned can be contacted with cavitation bubbles generated by the ultrasonic transducers to the maximum extent in the cleaning pool, and the cleaning effect is better.
Preferably: the axes of the mesh pressing roll shafts are coplanar and parallel to the bottom surface of the cleaning pool.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the invention can realize the replacement of the netting on the net cage culture site in which the cultured fish products are still cultured in the netting to be cleaned through the steps from one step to the seventh step, and has the advantages of high replacement efficiency and low labor intensity.
Secondly, the invention can realize continuous operation of changing the netting and efficiently cleaning the netting while pulling the netting to be cleaned up on the culture auxiliary ship through the efficient ultrasonic cleaning device and the step eight.
Thirdly, the invention utilizes the guiding function of the inlet roll shaft and the outlet roll shaft of the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device on the netting to be cleaned and the pressing function of the plurality of net pressing roll shafts on the netting to be cleaned, and the winch is matched to drag the netting to be cleaned through the traction rope and the support rod, so that the netting to be cleaned is in an unfolded state and is positioned below the liquid level of the cleaning liquid when passing through the cleaning pool, thereby providing favorable precondition for cleaning attachments on the netting to be cleaned by using an ultrasonic transducer and avoiding the problems that the rolled netting to be cleaned is difficult to clean and the completely unfolded netting to be cleaned has too large area and is difficult to have a proper cleaning place in the prior art;
when the netting to be cleaned passes through the cleaning pool, the netting to be cleaned in the unfolded state is cleaned by utilizing cavitation bubbles generated by the ultrasonic transducer in the cleaning liquid so as to remove attachments on the netting to be cleaned, and the cleaning efficiency of the netting to be cleaned is greatly improved;
in addition, the efficient ultrasonic cleaning method can be completed by only 1-2 workers, so that the labor quantity requirement and the labor intensity of the netting to be cleaned are greatly reduced.
Fourthly, the invention arranges at least three ultrasonic transducers at regular intervals from front to back, sets the frequency ranges of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducers to have equal frequency interval width delta f, and gradually increases the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducers in the front-to-back direction (namely, in the passing sequence of the netting to be cleaned), the overlapping frequency width delta f' of the two adjacent ultrasonic transducers is not more than half of the frequency interval width delta f, and the collection of the frequency ranges of the ultrasonic waves emitted by all the N ultrasonic transducers is controlled between 23kHz and 28kHz, thereby matching the passing sequence of the netting to be cleaned in the cleaning pool, being more suitable for removing most common attachments (namely silt, seaweed, mussel and barnacle) on the netting to be cleaned, further improving the cleaning effect and the cleaning efficiency of the netting to be cleaned (through experiments, the cleaning of one piece of netting to be cleaned can be completed within 1-2 hours and reaches the standard);
moreover, the damage frequency range of materials used by the netting to be cleaned can be avoided, and the netting to be cleaned is prevented from being damaged by ultrasonic cleaning.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
FIG. 1-1 is a schematic elevation view of step one of the present invention;
FIGS. 1-2 are schematic top views of a first step of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic elevation view of step two of the present invention;
FIG. 3-1 is a schematic elevation view of step three of the present invention;
FIG. 3-2 is a schematic top view of step three of the present invention;
FIG. 4-1 is a schematic elevation view of step four of the present invention;
FIG. 4-2 is a schematic top view of step four of the present invention;
FIG. 5-1 is a schematic elevation view of step five of the present invention;
FIG. 5-2 is a schematic top view of step five of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an elevational view of step six of the present invention;
FIG. 7-1 is a schematic elevational view of step seven of the present invention;
FIG. 7-2 is a schematic top view of step seven of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic top view of the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings to help those skilled in the art to better understand the inventive concept of the present invention, but the scope of the claims of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art will fall within the scope of the present invention without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "front" and "rear" are used merely for convenience of description and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply any particular orientation required for the invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the invention.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1-1 to 7-2, the invention discloses a method for replacing and cleaning a net cover of a net cage based on a culture auxiliary ship, which is suitable for a net cage culture site with cultured fish products 13 cultured in the net cover 7 to be cleaned, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, referring to fig. 1-1 to 2, unfastening the bottom counterweight 14 of the netting 7 to be cleaned; at this time, the net 7 to be cleaned is still in the unfolded state under the action of the attachments, so that the cultured fish products 13 still have enough survival space in the net 7 to be cleaned.
Step two, referring to fig. 1-1 to fig. 2, lifting the bottom surface of the netting 7 to be cleaned by a preset height H; the height H is determined according to the breeding density of the cultured fish products 13 in the netting 7 to be cleaned, and the value of the height H can be as large as possible on the premise of ensuring that the cultured fish products 13 have enough survival space, so that the operation of the fifth step is convenient; generally, the height H may be between 1 meter and 1.5 meters.
Thirdly, referring to fig. 1-2, 3-1 and 3-2, dividing the top opening net edge of the netting 7 to be cleaned into a first net edge section 7-1 and a second net edge section 7-2, under the condition that the tying rope on the first net edge section 7-1 is connected with a floating pipe frame 15, disconnecting the tying rope on the second net edge section 7-2 from the floating pipe frame 15, straightening the second net edge section 7-2 and then fixing the second net edge section on the floating pipe frame 15 again, so that the second net edge section 7-2 forms a straight net edge section 7-2 ', and an operation space 15a is reserved between the straight net edge section 7-2' and the floating pipe frame 15; the stretched net edge section 7-2' is formed to ensure that the second net edge section 7-2 does not hang down to form a gap after the tying rope is untied, and cultured fish products 13 are prevented from escaping from the gap to the outside of the netting 7 to be cleaned.
Step four, referring to fig. 4-1 and 4-2, hanging the replacement netting 18 into the operation space 15a from the auxiliary culture vessel 16 by a crane 17;
step five, referring to fig. 5-1 and 5-2, dividing the top opening net edge of the replacement net 18 into a pre-bound net edge section 18-1 and a free net edge section 18-2, marking the pipe section of the floating pipe frame 15, which is kept connected with the first net edge section 7-1, as a first pipe section 15-1, and marking the pipe section of the floating pipe frame 15, which is not kept connected with the net 7 to be cleaned, as a second pipe section 15-2;
firstly, the pre-bound net edge section 18-1 is bound on the second pipe section 15-2, the first end of an auxiliary leading rope 19 is fixed on the free net edge section 18-2, and the second end of the auxiliary leading rope 19 is connected on the first pipe section 15-1 after passing around the lower part of the netting 7 to be cleaned;
then, hanging a plurality of temporary weights 20 on the free net side section 18-2;
finally, after the free net edge section 18-2 sinks to the position under the net clothes 7 to be cleaned under the action of the temporary balance weight 20, the free net edge section 18-2 is pulled up to the first pipe section 15-1 of the floating pipe frame 15 by the traction of the auxiliary guide rope 19, so that the net clothes 7 to be cleaned are positioned inside the replacement net clothes 18 (see fig. 6);
step six, referring to fig. 6 and 7-1, reliably binding the top opening net edge of the replacement net 18 on the floating pipe frame 15, removing the temporary counterweight 20, and hanging the bottom counterweight 14 at the bottom of the replacement net 18;
seventhly, referring to fig. 7-1 and 7-2, disconnecting all the connection between the netting 7 to be cleaned and the floating pipe frame 15, connecting the driving end of a winch 21 on the culture auxiliary ship 16 and the bottom of the netting 7 to be cleaned by using a traction rope 9, starting the winch 21 to pull the netting 7 to be cleaned up to the culture auxiliary ship 16 in a manner that the bottom of the netting 7 to be cleaned is upward and the top opening net edge of the netting 7 is downward, so that the cultured fish products 13 in the netting 7 to be cleaned move into the replacement netting 18 in the process, and finishing the netting replacement operation of the net cage. The hauling rope 9 should be connected to the rope of the net 7 to be cleaned at the bottom thereof to avoid damage to the net 7 to be cleaned when the net 7 is pulled.
The above is a basic implementation manner of the first embodiment, and further optimization, improvement and limitation may be performed on the basis of the basic implementation manner:
preferably: in the fifth step, the first end of the auxiliary guide rope 19 is fixed at the middle position of the free net side section 18-2, and a connecting line between the connecting position of the second end of the auxiliary guide rope 19 and the first pipe section 15-1 and the middle position of the pre-bound net side section 18-1 passes through the center of the floating pipe frame 15, so that the operation stability and reliability of the fifth step are improved.
Example two
On the basis of the first embodiment, the second embodiment also adopts the following preferred embodiments:
as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the culture auxiliary ship 16 is provided with a high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device; the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device comprises an inlet roll shaft 1, a cleaning pool 2, an outlet roll shaft 3, a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 4 and a plurality of net pressing roll shafts 5;
the cleaning pool 2 is used for containing cleaning liquid 6, the ultrasonic transducers 4 are arranged at the bottom of the cleaning pool 2, and the ultrasonic transducers 4 are arranged at intervals in the front-back direction V; the cleaning liquid 6 is preferably seawater to reduce the implementation cost of the present invention, but a cleaning agent may be added to seawater to further enhance the cleaning effect.
The inlet roller shaft 1 is arranged in front of the cleaning pool 2, the outlet roller shaft 3 is arranged behind the cleaning pool 2, and the arrangement positions of the inlet roller shaft 1 and the outlet roller shaft 3 are both higher than the top edge 2b of the cleaning pool 2; the screen pressing roll shafts 5 are arranged in the cleaning pool 2 and below the liquid level 6a of the cleaning liquid 6, and the screen pressing roll shafts 5 are arranged at intervals in the front-back direction V; the axes of the inlet roll shaft 1, the outlet roll shaft 3 and the screen pressing roll shaft 5 are parallel and vertical to the front-back direction V;
the winch 21 is arranged behind the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device;
the method for replacing and cleaning the net of the net cage further comprises the following steps:
step eight, after the netting 7 to be cleaned is pulled up to the culture auxiliary ship 16, the netting 7 to be cleaned is positioned in front of the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device, and a support rod 8 is fixedly connected to the edge of the short side of the netting 7 to be cleaned; then, the traction rope 9 is connected between the support rod 8 and the driving end of the winch 21; finally, the ultrasonic transducer 4 and the hoist 21 are activated so that: the winch 21 drags the netting 7 to be cleaned to move from front to back through the hauling rope 9 and the supporting rod 8, so that the netting 7 to be cleaned firstly passes through the upper part of the inlet roller shaft 1, then passes through the lower part of the net pressing roller shaft 5, and finally passes through the upper part of the outlet roller shaft 3.
Therefore, the invention utilizes the guiding function of the inlet roll shaft 1 and the outlet roll shaft 3 of the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device on the netting 7 to be cleaned and the pressing function of the plurality of net pressing roll shafts 5 on the netting 7 to be cleaned, and the winch 21 is matched to drag the netting 7 to be cleaned through the traction rope 9 and the support rod 8, so that the netting 7 to be cleaned is in an unfolded state and is positioned below the liquid level 6a of the cleaning liquid 6 when passing through the cleaning pool 2, thereby providing favorable precondition for cleaning the attachments on the netting 7 to be cleaned by the ultrasonic transducer 4, and avoiding the problems that the rolled netting 7 to be cleaned is difficult to clean, and the area of the completely unfolded netting 7 to be cleaned is too large and is difficult to have a proper cleaning field in the prior art;
when the netting 7 to be cleaned passes through the cleaning pool 2, the netting 7 to be cleaned in the unfolded state is cleaned by utilizing cavitation bubbles 6b generated by the ultrasonic transducer 4 in the cleaning liquid 6 so as to remove attachments on the netting 7 to be cleaned, and the cleaning efficiency of the netting 7 to be cleaned is greatly improved;
and step eight of the invention can be completed by only 1-2 workers, thus greatly reducing the manpower quantity requirement and labor intensity of the netting to be cleaned.
Wherein, because ultrasonic wave is a compression longitudinal wave, its effect of promoting the medium can make pressure change in the liquid and produce innumerable tiny cavitation bubble, cause the cavitation effect, when the cavitation bubble is pressed and explodes, can produce the strong impact force in the twinkling of an eye to the production and the blasting of cavitation bubble take place countless times in the very short time. Meanwhile, the netting net wires, the attached animals, plants and even silt have different material properties, wherein the silt is used as loose attachment, and the cleaning can be realized by slight vibration; the attached plants can realize depolymerization of organic matter macromolecules under the action of ultrasonic waves, and are softer and naturally shed in the period; aiming at the adhesion of animals with inorganic shells to mussels, the shells taking calcite as a main component can be shattered and vibrated away from the net wires under the ultrasonic action, and naturally separated from the net wires, and the impact force of cavitation bubbles can continuously act until the shells are powdery in the separation process; the net thread is formed by twisting a plurality of strands of non-living organic net threads, so the net thread has the macroscopic characteristic of super elasticity, and the conclusion that the whole and local part of the net is insensitive to ultrasonic waves is formed. Finally, the adhered animals and plants and dirt attached to the surfaces of the netting and the netting wires and at the position where the netting wires are covered are quickly loosened, softened, powdered and separated, so that the effect of thorough cleaning is achieved, and the netting is not damaged.
The above is the basic implementation manner of the second embodiment, and further optimization, improvement and limitation can be made on the basis of the basic implementation manner:
preferably: wash the inclined plane of front end inner wall 2c of pond 2 for the downward sloping backward in the past, wash the inclined plane of rear end inner wall 2d for the upward sloping backward in the past of pond 2 to it is right to reduce and wash pond 2 wait to wash the resistance that netting 7 from preceding backward movement caused.
Preferably: the front pressing net roll shaft 5 is positioned in front of the front ultrasonic transducer 4, and the back pressing net roll shaft 5 is positioned behind the back ultrasonic transducer 4, so that the netting 7 to be cleaned can maximally contact with cavitation bubbles 6b generated by the ultrasonic transducers 4 in the cleaning pool 2, and the cleaning effect is better.
Preferably: the axes of the respective screen-pressing roller shafts 5 are coplanar and parallel to the bottom surface 2a of the cleaning tank 2.
EXAMPLE III
On the basis of the second embodiment, the third embodiment also adopts the following preferred embodiments:
the number of the ultrasonic transducers 4 is N or more than 3, and the N ultrasonic transducers 4 are uniformly arranged at intervals along the front-back direction V;
the N ultrasonic transducers 4 only need to be numbered from front to back, and the frequency range of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ith ultrasonic transducer 4 is recorded as the ith frequency interval [ fmin_i，fmax_i]，fmin_iRepresents the lower limit frequency f of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the i-th ultrasonic transducer 4max_iThe upper limit frequency of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ith ultrasonic transducer 4 is represented, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
the difference Δ f between the upper limit frequency and the lower limit frequency of each ultrasonic transducer 4 is equal, i.e. Δ f ═ fmax_i-fmin_i；
For any two adjacent ultrasonic transducers 4, the upper limit frequency of the front one (i.e.: f)max_iI ═ k) at the lower limit frequency of the latter (i.e.: f. ofmin_iI ═ k +1) or more and less than the upper limit frequency of the person who is in the rear (i.e.: f. ofmax_iI ═ k +1), that is: f. ofmin_k+1≤fmax_k＜fmax_k+1And, the difference Δ f' between the upper limit frequency of the front and the lower limit frequency of the rear satisfies: delta f' is not less than delta f/2, wherein k is not less than 1 and not more than N-1;
the lower limit frequency (i.e.: f) of the first said ultrasonic transducer 4min_iI-1) is 23kHz,upper limit frequency (i.e.: f) of the Nth ultrasonic transducer 4max_iI ═ N) was 28 kHz.
Therefore, the present invention is to arrange at least three ultrasonic transducers 4 at regular intervals from front to back, set the frequency ranges of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducers to have equal frequency interval widths Δ f, and gradually increase the upper and lower limit values of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic transducers in the front-to-back direction (i.e. in the passing order of the netting 7 to be cleaned), and the overlapping frequency width Δ f' of two adjacent ultrasonic transducers 4 is not more than half of the frequency interval width Δ f, and the collection of the frequency ranges of the ultrasonic waves emitted by all N ultrasonic transducers 4 is controlled between 23kHz and 28kHz, thereby being capable of matching the passing order of the netting 7 to be cleaned in the cleaning tank 2, being more suitable for removing most of the common attachments (i.e. silt, seaweed, mussel and barnacle) on the netting 7 to be cleaned, further improving the cleaning effect and efficiency of the netting 7 to be cleaned (through experiments, the cleaning of one netting 7 to be cleaned can be completed within 1-2 hours and reaches the standard);
moreover, the damage frequency range of the material used for the netting 7 to be cleaned can be avoided, and the damage to the netting 7 to be cleaned caused by ultrasonic cleaning can be avoided.
Example four
On the basis of the second or third embodiment, the fourth embodiment further adopts the following preferred embodiments:
the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device also comprises a netting inlet pipeline 10; the netting inlet duct 10 is disposed in front of the inlet roller 1, the netting inlet duct 10 is a duct member having a width gradually narrowed from a front end inlet 10a to a rear end outlet 10b, and the rear end outlet 10b has a width close to the width of the washing tub 2.
Therefore, before the step four, the to-be-cleaned net 7 is dragged to move from front to back, the to-be-cleaned net 7 can be placed at the net inlet pipeline 10 in a retractable manner without being expanded in advance, and when the step four, the to-be-cleaned net 7 is dragged to move from front to back, the to-be-cleaned net 7 can be automatically expanded after passing through the net inlet pipeline 10 and then enters the cleaning pool 2.
EXAMPLE five
On the basis of any one of the second to fourth embodiments, the fifth embodiment further adopts the following preferred embodiments:
the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device also comprises a lifting mechanism; each of the net-pressing roll shafts 5 is mounted on the lifting mechanism.
Therefore, when the step four to-be-cleaned netting 7 needs to be cleaned, the lifting mechanism controls the net pressing roller shaft 5 to descend, namely, the net pressing roller shaft 5 can be ensured to be positioned below the liquid level 6a of the cleaning liquid 6, and before or after the to-be-cleaned netting 7 is cleaned, the lifting mechanism controls the net pressing roller shaft 5 to ascend, so that operations such as cleaning of the cleaning pool 2, replacement of the cleaning liquid 6 and the like can be conveniently performed, and the net pressing roller shaft 5 is prevented from being obstructed.
EXAMPLE six
On the basis of any one of the second to fifth embodiments, the sixth embodiment further adopts the following preferred embodiments:
the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device also comprises a spraying device 11 and a dirt collecting box 12; the spraying device 11 and the dirt collecting box 12 are both positioned behind the outlet roller shaft 3, the spraying device 11 is positioned above the outlet roller shaft 3, and the dirt collecting box 12 is positioned under the spraying device 11.
Thus, the spraying device 11 can be used for spraying and cleaning the netting 7 to be cleaned, so as to further improve the cleaning effect, and the dirt cleaned by spraying falls into the dirt collecting box 12.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various other equivalent modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the basic technical concept of the invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and conventional means in the field.
Claims (10)
1. A method for replacing and cleaning net cages and nettings based on an auxiliary culture ship is suitable for net cage culture sites with cultured fish products (13) cultured in to-be-cleaned net cages (7), and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, unfastening a bottom counterweight (14) of the netting (7) to be cleaned;
secondly, lifting the bottom surface of the netting (7) to be cleaned by a preset height (H);
thirdly, dividing the top opening net edge of the netting (7) to be cleaned into a first net edge section (7-1) and a second net edge section (7-2), under the condition that the binding tether on the first net edge section (7-1) is connected with a floating pipe frame (15), disconnecting the binding tether on the second net edge section (7-2) from the floating pipe frame (15), straightening the second net edge section (7-2) and then fixing the second net edge section on the floating pipe frame (15) again, so that the second net edge section (7-2) forms a straightened net edge section (7-2 '), and an operation space (15a) is reserved between the straightened net edge section (7-2') and the floating pipe frame (15);
fourthly, hoisting a replacement netting (18) into the operation space (15a) from the culture auxiliary ship (16) through a crane (17);
dividing the top opening net edge of the replacement netting (18) into a pre-bound net edge section (18-1) and a free net edge section (18-2), marking a pipe section of the floating pipe frame (15) which is kept to be connected with the first net edge section (7-1) as a first pipe section (15-1), and marking a pipe section of the floating pipe frame (15) which is not kept to be connected with the netting (7) to be cleaned as a second pipe section (15-2);
firstly, the pre-bound net edge section (18-1) is bound on the second pipe section (15-2), the first end of an auxiliary leading rope (19) is fixed on the free net edge section (18-2), and the second end of the auxiliary leading rope (19) is connected on the first pipe section (15-1) after passing around the lower part of the net (7) to be cleaned;
then, hanging a plurality of temporary weights (20) on the free net edge section (18-2);
finally, after the free net edge section (18-2) sinks to the position below the net cloth (7) to be cleaned under the action of the temporary balance weight (20), the free net edge section (18-2) is pulled up to the first pipe section (15-1) of the floating pipe frame (15) through the traction of the auxiliary guide rope (19), so that the net cloth (7) to be cleaned is positioned inside the replacement net cloth (18);
binding the top opening net edge of the replacement netting (18) on the floating pipe frame (15), taking down the temporary counterweight (20), and hanging the bottom counterweight (14) at the bottom of the replacement netting (18);
seventhly, disconnecting all the netting (7) to be cleaned and the floating pipe frame (15), connecting the driving end of a winch (21) on the culture auxiliary ship (16) and the bottom of the netting (7) to be cleaned by using a traction rope (9), and starting the winch (21) to pull the netting (7) to be cleaned onto the culture auxiliary ship (16) in a mode that the bottom of the netting (7) to be cleaned faces upwards and the top opening net edge faces downwards so that the cultured fish (13) in the netting (7) to be cleaned swims into the replacement netting (18) in the process.
2. The method for replacing and cleaning net cages and netting based on the culture auxiliary ship as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the fifth step, the first end of the auxiliary guide rope (19) is fixed at the middle position of the free net side section (18-2), and the connecting position of the second end of the auxiliary guide rope (19) and the first pipe section (15-1) and the connecting line of the middle position of the pre-bound net side section (18-1) pass through the center of the floating pipe frame (15).
3. The method for replacing and cleaning net cages and netting based on the culture auxiliary ship as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the culture auxiliary ship (16) is provided with a high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device; the efficient ultrasonic cleaning device comprises an inlet roll shaft (1), a cleaning pool (2), an outlet roll shaft (3), a plurality of ultrasonic transducers (4) and a plurality of net pressing roll shafts (5);
the cleaning pool (2) is used for containing cleaning liquid (6), the ultrasonic transducers (4) are arranged at the bottom of the cleaning pool (2), and the ultrasonic transducers (4) are arranged at intervals in the front-back direction (V);
the inlet roll shaft (1) is arranged in front of the cleaning pool (2), the outlet roll shaft (3) is arranged behind the cleaning pool (2), and the arrangement positions of the inlet roll shaft (1) and the outlet roll shaft (3) are higher than the top edge (2b) of the cleaning pool (2); the screen pressing roll shafts (5) are arranged in the cleaning pool (2) and below the liquid level (6a) of the cleaning liquid (6), and the screen pressing roll shafts (5) are arranged at intervals along the front-back direction (V); the axes of the inlet roll shaft (1), the outlet roll shaft (3) and the screen pressing roll shaft (5) are parallel and vertical to the front-back direction (V);
the winch (21) is arranged behind the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device;
the method for replacing and cleaning the net of the net cage further comprises the following steps:
step eight, after the netting (7) to be cleaned is pulled up to the culture auxiliary ship (16), the netting (7) to be cleaned is positioned in front of the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device, and a support rod (8) is fixedly connected to the edge of the short side of the netting (7) to be cleaned; then, the traction rope (9) is changed to be connected between the supporting rod (8) and the driving end of the winch (21); finally, the ultrasonic transducer (4) and the winch (21) are activated such that: the winch (21) drags the netting (7) to be cleaned to move from front to back through the traction rope (9) and the supporting rod (8), so that the netting (7) to be cleaned firstly passes through the upper part of the inlet roll shaft (1), then passes through the lower part of the net pressing roll shaft (5), and finally passes through the upper part of the outlet roll shaft (3).
4. The method for replacing and cleaning net cages and netting based on the culture auxiliary ship as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the number of the ultrasonic transducers (4) is more than or equal to 3, and the N ultrasonic transducers (4) are uniformly arranged at intervals along the front-back direction (V);
the N ultrasonic transducers (4) only need to be numbered from front to back, and the frequency range of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the ith ultrasonic transducer (4) is recorded as the ith frequency interval [ fmin_i，fmax_i]，fmin_iRepresents the lower limit frequency f of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ith ultrasonic transducer (4)max_iThe upper limit frequency of the ultrasonic wave emitted by the ith ultrasonic transducer (4) is represented, i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N;
the difference delta f between the upper limit frequency and the lower limit frequency of each ultrasonic transducer (4) is equal, namely delta f is fmax_i-fmin_i；
For any two adjacent ultrasonic transducers (4), the upper limit frequency of the front side is more than or equal to the lower limit frequency of the rear side and less than the upper limit frequency of the rear side, and the difference delta f' between the upper limit frequency of the front side and the lower limit frequency of the rear side satisfies: delta f' is less than or equal to delta f/2;
the lower limit frequency of the first ultrasonic transducer (4) is 23kHz, and the upper limit frequency of the Nth ultrasonic transducer (4) is 28 kHz.
5. The method for replacing and cleaning net cages and netting based on the culture auxiliary ship as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device also comprises a netting inlet pipeline (10); the netting inlet duct (10) is arranged in front of the inlet roll shaft (1), the netting inlet duct (10) is a duct member whose width is gradually narrowed from a front end inlet (10a) to a rear end outlet (10b), and the width of the rear end outlet (10b) is close to the width of the washing tank (2).
6. The method for replacing and cleaning net cages and netting based on the culture auxiliary ship as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device also comprises a lifting mechanism; each net pressing roll shaft (5) is arranged on the lifting mechanism.
7. The method for replacing and cleaning net cages and nets based on the culture auxiliary ship as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein: the high-efficiency ultrasonic cleaning device also comprises a spraying device (11) and a dirt collecting box (12); the spraying device (11) and the dirt collecting box (12) are located behind the outlet roller shaft (3), the spraying device (11) is located above the outlet roller shaft (3), and the dirt collecting box (12) is located under the spraying device (11).
8. The method for replacing and cleaning net cages and nets based on the culture auxiliary ship as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein: wash front end inner wall (2c) of pond (2) for the inclined plane of downward sloping backward in the past, wash rear end inner wall (2d) of pond (2) for the inclined plane of upward sloping backward in the past.
9. The method for replacing and cleaning net cages and nets based on the culture auxiliary ship as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein: the front pressing net roll shaft (5) is located in front of the front ultrasonic transducer (4), and the rear pressing net roll shaft (5) is located behind the rear ultrasonic transducer (4).
10. The method for replacing and cleaning net cages and nets based on the culture auxiliary ship as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein: the axes of the mesh pressing roll shafts (5) are coplanar and parallel to the bottom surface (2a) of the cleaning pool (2).
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| CN111250467B (en) | 2022-09-30 |
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