CN111248201A - 直播甜菜田除草方法 - Google Patents

直播甜菜田除草方法 Download PDF

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CN111248201A
CN111248201A CN201811466803.0A CN201811466803A CN111248201A CN 111248201 A CN111248201 A CN 111248201A CN 201811466803 A CN201811466803 A CN 201811466803A CN 111248201 A CN111248201 A CN 111248201A
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杜晓云
张秀
王甫天
王应龙
孙旭东
张茂林
李俊姿
周琪
赵淑芬
李风梅
李艾兰
陈永霞
王霞
张海龙
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Shangdu County Science And Technology Specialist Workstation
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种直播甜菜田除草方法,其包括苗前除草和苗后除草。本发明的优点在于,打破了二甲戊灵禁用于甜菜田的局限,将其用于直播甜菜田苗前封闭除草,不仅不会造成甜菜药害的问题发生,而且提高了直播甜菜田苗前封闭除草的效果,对于禾本科杂草防效达100%,对于双子叶杂草防效达95%以上,对多种单子叶杂草、一年生莎草及部分一年生双子叶杂草有较高防效。在有效的苗前封闭除草的基础上,在苗后杂草出现时,利用苗后除草剂进行化学除草,有效控制禾本科杂草、双子叶杂草以及4叶以上杂草,提高直播甜菜田杂草防效;除草方法简单、便捷、易操作,无需采用不同的除草剂反复进行除草操作,亦可达到较为理想的杂草防治效果。

Description

直播甜菜田除草方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种除草方法,特别是涉及一种直播甜菜田除草剂及除草方法。
背景技术:
甜菜是我国重要的制糖原料,也是主要经济作物之一。甜菜种植过程中,甜菜田容易生长杂草,杂草的生长影响甜菜生长,进而导致甜菜产量下降,因此,杂草防治已成为甜菜生产上急需解决的一大问题。
甜菜田主要杂草包括稗、马唐、千金子、狗尾草、牛筋草、蓼、苋、马齿苋、碎米莎草及异型莎草等。直播甜菜田除草主要采用苗前封闭除草、苗后化学除草的方式进行,在播种前进行土壤封闭除草,杀灭土壤中的杂草幼芽,降低杂草萌发率;但随着甜菜生长,土壤中未杀尽的杂草幼芽及草种会继续生长,并长成4叶以上杂草及杂草幼芽,因此在甜菜播种后还要进行苗后化学除草,进一步降低甜菜种植过程中杂草生长率。
目前,甜菜田苗前封闭除草一般选用960克/升金都尔、720克/ 升异丙甲草胺等除草剂;选用金都尔可以有效防治禾本科杂草及双子叶杂草,异丙甲草胺可有效防治单子叶杂草,单子叶杂草防治率达 82%以上;而常用的土壤封闭用除草剂——二甲戊灵,由于易对甜菜产生药害,而禁用于甜菜种植除草。由此可知,现有常用的甜菜苗前除草剂的防治范围都存在一定的局限性,不能同时对甜菜田主要杂草起到很好的防治效果,导致播种前进行土壤封闭除草效率低;为了提高除草效率,只能选用不同的除草剂重复进行土壤封闭。甜菜苗后化学除草主要选用10.8%高效盖草能乳油、16%甜安宁乳油、21%安·宁·乙呋黄等除草剂,这些除草剂对于4叶以上杂草防效较好,而对于苗前未杀尽的草种萌发长成杂草幼芽,这些苗后化学除草剂的防治效果并不理想,例如21%安·宁·乙呋黄禾本科杂草、双子叶杂草防效分别为88%、78%。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于提供一种防治局限性低、防效高的直播甜菜田除草方法。
本发明的目的由如下技术方案实施:直播甜菜田除草方法,其包括苗前除草和苗后除草,具体步骤如下:
S1.苗前除草:
a1.配置苗前除草剂:苗前除草剂包括如下质量百分比的组分: 96%金都尔乳油70-72%,33%二甲戊灵乳油28-30%;96%金都尔乳油与 33%二甲戊灵乳油混合均匀后,即得苗前除草剂;
96%金都尔乳油,是商品化的金都尔的常用剂型,其每升乳油中含有效成分精-异丙甲草胺(C15H22ClNO2)960g。96%金都尔乳油是选择性芽前除草剂,主要通过萌发杂草的芽鞘、幼芽吸收而发挥杀草作用。
33%二甲戊灵乳油,是商品化的二甲戊灵的常用剂型,其每升乳油中含有效成分二甲戊灵(C13H19N3O4)330g。33%二甲戊灵乳油是选择性芽前、芽后旱田土壤处理除草剂。杂草通过正在萌发的幼芽吸收药剂,进入植物体内的药剂与微管蛋白结合,抑制植物细胞的有丝分裂,从而造成杂草死亡。
a2.苗前除草剂稀释:将所述苗前除草剂混匀后,加水稀释,所述苗前除草剂与水的体积比为0.1:15,得到稀释苗前除草剂;
a3.苗前除草剂喷洒:在直播甜菜田播种后、出苗前,将所述稀释苗前除草剂均匀喷洒在直播甜菜田的土壤表面,喷洒量为15.1L/ 亩;
a4.苗前除草后处理:所述稀释苗前除草剂喷洒完成后,立即向喷洒所述稀释苗前除草剂的直播甜菜田进行浇水,浇水量为35m3/亩;
S2.苗后除草:
b1.配置苗后除草剂:苗后除草剂包括如下体积百分比的组分: 21%安·宁·乙呋黄87.5-90.9%,5%精奎禾灵乳油9.1-12.5%;21%安·宁·乙呋黄与5%精奎禾灵乳油混合均匀后,即得苗后除草剂;
21%安·宁·乙呋黄是由质量百分数均有7%的甜菜安 (C16H16N2O4)、甜菜宁(C16H16N2O4)和乙氧呋草黄(C13H18O5S) 组成的复配除草剂,例如江苏好收成韦恩农化股份有限公司生产的 21%安·宁·乙呋黄乳油(商品名为乙安银),是选择性苗后阔叶除草剂,通过在杂草光合作用过程中抑制杂草的光合作用而造成杂草死亡。
5%精奎禾灵乳油,是商品化的精奎禾灵的常用剂型,其每升乳油中含有效成分精奎禾灵(C17H13ClN2O4)50g。5%精奎禾灵乳油是苯氧脂肪酸类除草剂,其通过对植物细胞脂肪酸合成造成抑制效果,而造成杂草死亡。
b2.苗后除草剂稀释:将所述苗后除草剂混匀后,加水稀释,所述苗后除草剂与水的体积比为0.385-0.4:30,得到稀释苗后除草剂;
b3.苗后除草剂喷洒:在直播甜菜田出苗后、出杂草时,将所述稀释苗后除草剂均匀喷洒在直播甜菜田的作物叶面上,喷洒量为 30.385-30.4L/亩.
进一步的,所述a1.配置苗前除草剂中,96%金都尔乳油的质量百分比为72%,33%二甲戊灵乳油的质量百分比为28%。
进一步的,所述b1.配置苗后除草剂过程中,21%安·宁·乙呋黄由甜菜安、甜菜宁和乙氧呋草黄,且甜菜安、甜菜宁及乙氧呋草黄的质量百分比含量均均为7%。
进一步的,所述苗前除草剂在配置完成后4h内进行稀释,所述稀释苗前除草剂制备完成后立即进行喷洒。
进一步的,所述苗后除草剂在配置完成后4h内进行稀释,所述稀释苗后除草剂制备完成后立即进行喷洒。
本发明的优点:1、打破了二甲戊灵禁用于甜菜田的局限,将其用于直播甜菜田苗前封闭除草,不仅不会造成甜菜药害的问题发生,而且提高了直播甜菜田苗前封闭除草的效果,对于禾本科杂草防效达 100%,对于双子叶杂草防效达95%以上,对多种单子叶杂草、一年生莎草及部分一年生双子叶杂草有较高防效。2、在有效的苗前封闭除草的基础上,当甜菜播种后出现4叶以上杂草及杂草幼芽时,利用苗后除草剂进行化学除草,有效控制禾本科杂草、双子叶杂草以及4叶以上杂草,提高直播甜菜田杂草防效;3、除草方法简单、便捷、易操作,无需采用不同的除草剂反复进行除草操作,亦可达到较为理想的杂草防治效果。
具体实施方式:
实施例1:
直播甜菜田除草方法,其包括苗前除草和苗后除草,具体步骤如下:
S1.苗前除草:
a1.配置苗前除草剂:苗前除草剂包括如下质量百分比的组分: 96%金都尔乳油70%,33%二甲戊灵乳油30%;96%金都尔乳油与33%二甲戊灵乳油混合均匀后,即得苗前除草剂;
a2.苗前除草剂稀释:苗前除草剂在配置完成后4h内进行稀释,将苗前除草剂混匀后,加水稀释,苗前除草剂与水的体积比为0.1: 15,得到稀释苗前除草剂,稀释苗前除草剂制备完成后立即进行喷洒;
a3.苗前除草剂喷洒:在直播甜菜田播种后、出苗前,将稀释苗前除草剂均匀喷洒在直播甜菜田的土壤表面,喷洒量为15.1L/亩;
a4.苗前除草后处理:稀释苗前除草剂喷洒完成后,立即向喷洒稀释苗前除草剂的直播甜菜田进行浇水,浇水量为35m3/亩;
S2.苗后除草:
b1.配置苗后除草剂:苗后除草剂包括如下体积百分比的组分: 21%安·宁·乙呋黄87.5%,5%精奎禾灵乳油12.5%;21%安·宁·乙呋黄与5%精奎禾灵乳油混合均匀后,即得苗后除草剂;21%安·宁·乙呋黄由甜菜安、甜菜宁和乙氧呋草黄,且甜菜安、甜菜宁及乙氧呋草黄的质量百分比含量均均为7%;
b2.苗后除草剂稀释:苗后除草剂在配置完成后4h内进行稀释,将苗后除草剂混匀后,加水稀释,苗后除草剂与水的体积比为0.385: 30,得到稀释苗后除草剂,稀释苗后除草剂制备完成后立即进行喷洒;
b3.苗后除草剂喷洒:在直播甜菜田出苗后、出杂草时,将稀释苗后除草剂均匀喷洒在直播甜菜田的作物叶面上,喷洒量为30.385L/ 亩.
实施例2:
直播甜菜田除草方法,其包括苗前除草和苗后除草,具体步骤如下:
S1.苗前除草:
a1.配置苗前除草剂:苗前除草剂包括如下质量百分比的组分: 96%金都尔乳油71%,33%二甲戊灵乳油29%;96%金都尔乳油与33%二甲戊灵乳油混合均匀后,即得苗前除草剂;
a2.苗前除草剂稀释:苗前除草剂在配置完成后4h内进行稀释,将苗前除草剂混匀后,加水稀释,苗前除草剂与水的体积比为0.1: 15,得到稀释苗前除草剂,稀释苗前除草剂制备完成后立即进行喷洒;
a3.苗前除草剂喷洒:在直播甜菜田播种后、出苗前,将稀释苗前除草剂均匀喷洒在直播甜菜田的土壤表面,喷洒量为15.1L/亩;
a4.苗前除草后处理:稀释苗前除草剂喷洒完成后,立即向喷洒稀释苗前除草剂的直播甜菜田进行浇水,浇水量为35m3/亩;
S2.苗后除草:
b1.配置苗后除草剂:苗后除草剂包括如下体积百分比的组分: 21%安·宁·乙呋黄89.2%,5%精奎禾灵乳油10.8%;21%安·宁·乙呋黄与5%精奎禾灵乳油混合均匀后,即得苗后除草剂,21%安·宁·乙呋黄由甜菜安、甜菜宁和乙氧呋草黄,且甜菜安、甜菜宁及乙氧呋草黄的质量百分比含量均均为7%;
b2.苗后除草剂稀释:苗后除草剂在配置完成后4h内进行稀释,将苗后除草剂混匀后,加水稀释,苗后除草剂与水的体积比为0.39: 30,得到稀释苗后除草剂,稀释苗后除草剂制备完成后立即进行喷洒;
b3.苗后除草剂喷洒:在直播甜菜田出苗后、出杂草时,将稀释苗后除草剂均匀喷洒在直播甜菜田的作物叶面上,喷洒量为30.39L/ 亩。
实施例3:
直播甜菜田除草方法,其包括苗前除草和苗后除草,具体步骤如下:
S1.苗前除草:
a1.配置苗前除草剂:苗前除草剂包括如下质量百分比的组分: 96%金都尔乳油72%,33%二甲戊灵乳油28%;96%金都尔乳油与33%二甲戊灵乳油混合均匀后,即得苗前除草剂;
a2.苗前除草剂稀释:苗前除草剂在配置完成后4h内进行稀释,将苗前除草剂混匀后,加水稀释,苗前除草剂与水的体积比为0.1:15,得到稀释苗前除草剂,稀释苗前除草剂制备完成后立即进行喷洒;
a3.苗前除草剂喷洒:在直播甜菜田播种后、出苗前,将稀释苗前除草剂均匀喷洒在直播甜菜田的土壤表面,喷洒量为15.1L/亩;
a4.苗前除草后处理:稀释苗前除草剂喷洒完成后,立即向喷洒稀释苗前除草剂的直播甜菜田进行浇水,浇水量为35m3/亩;
S2.苗后除草:
b1.配置苗后除草剂:苗后除草剂包括如下体积百分比的组分: 21%安·宁·乙呋黄90.9%,5%精奎禾灵乳油9.1%;21%安·宁·乙呋黄与5%精奎禾灵乳油混合均匀后,即得苗后除草剂,21%安·宁·乙呋黄由甜菜安、甜菜宁和乙氧呋草黄,且甜菜安、甜菜宁及乙氧呋草黄的质量百分比含量均均为7%;
b2.苗后除草剂稀释:苗后除草剂在配置完成后4h内进行稀释,将苗后除草剂混匀后,加水稀释,苗后除草剂与水的体积比为0.4: 30,得到稀释苗后除草剂,稀释苗后除草剂制备完成后立即进行喷洒;
b3.苗后除草剂喷洒:在直播甜菜田出苗后、出杂草时,将稀释苗后除草剂均匀喷洒在直播甜菜田的作物叶面上,喷洒量为30.4L/ 亩.
实施例4:
将一直播甜菜田地块均分为四块,每块地块的土壤情况相同,其中三块地块分别采用本发明实施例1、2、3进行除草,并依次分别命名为试验组1、2、3。第四块地块苗前封闭除草采用96%金都尔乳油, 96%金都尔乳油的施用量100mL/亩,使用前将100mL的96%金都尔乳油稀释在15L水中,并向对照组1内的土壤进行喷洒;苗后除草采用 21%安·宁·乙呋黄,21%安·宁·乙呋黄施用量350mL/亩,使用前将350mL的21%安·宁·乙呋黄稀释在30L的水中,将第四地块采用的除草方法命名为对照组。对每块地块的苗前、苗后除草前后情况进行统计,如表1所示。
表1四块地块苗前、苗后除草前后情况统计
Figure RE-GDA0001934077160000091
Figure RE-GDA0001934077160000101
Figure RE-GDA0001934077160000111
由表1可知,与对照组相比,本发明打破了二甲戊灵禁用于甜菜田的局限,将其用于直播甜菜田苗前封闭除草,不仅不会造成甜菜药害的问题发生,而且提高了直播甜菜田苗前封闭除草的效果,对于杂草的防治范围更高,防效更高,对于禾本科杂草防效达100%,对于双子叶杂草防效达95%以上,对多种单子叶杂草、一年生莎草及部分一年生双子叶杂草有较高防效。在有效的苗前封闭除草的基础上,当甜菜播种后出现4叶以上杂草及杂草幼芽时,利用苗后除草剂进行化学除草,有效控制禾本科杂草、双子叶杂草以及4叶以上杂草,提高直播甜菜田杂草防效;同时,本发明除草方法简单、便捷、易操作,无需采用不同的除草剂反复进行除草操作,亦可达到较为理想的杂草防治效果。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.直播甜菜田除草方法,其特征在于,其包括苗前除草和苗后除草,具体步骤如下:
S1.苗前除草:
a1.配置苗前除草剂:苗前除草剂包括如下质量百分比的组分:96%金都尔乳油70-72%,33%二甲戊灵乳油28-30%;96%金都尔乳油与33%二甲戊灵乳油混合均匀后,即得苗前除草剂;
a2.苗前除草剂稀释:将所述苗前除草剂混匀后,加水稀释,所述苗前除草剂与水的体积比为0.1:15,得到稀释苗前除草剂;
a3.苗前除草剂喷洒:在直播甜菜田播种后、出苗前,将所述稀释苗前除草剂均匀喷洒在直播甜菜田的土壤表面,喷洒量为15.1L/亩;
a4.苗前除草后处理:所述稀释苗前除草剂喷洒完成后,立即向喷洒所述稀释苗前除草剂的直播甜菜田进行浇水,浇水量为35m3/亩;
S2.苗后除草:
b1.配置苗后除草剂:苗后除草剂包括如下体积百分比的组分:21%安·宁·乙呋黄87.5-90.9%,5%精奎禾灵乳油9.1-12.5%;21%安·宁·乙呋黄与5%精奎禾灵乳油混合均匀后,即得苗后除草剂;
b2.苗后除草剂稀释:将所述苗后除草剂混匀后,加水稀释,所述苗后除草剂与水的体积比为0.385-0.4:30,得到稀释苗后除草剂;
b3.苗后除草剂喷洒:在直播甜菜田出苗后、出杂草时,将所述稀释苗后除草剂均匀喷洒在直播甜菜田的作物叶面上,喷洒量为30.385-30.4L/亩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的直播甜菜田除草方法,其特征在于,所述a1.配置苗前除草剂中,96%金都尔乳油的质量百分比为72%,33%二甲戊灵乳油的质量百分比为28%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的直播甜菜田除草方法,其特征在于,所述b1.配置苗后除草剂过程中,21%安·宁·乙呋黄由甜菜安、甜菜宁和乙氧呋草黄,且甜菜安、甜菜宁及乙氧呋草黄的质量百分比含量均为7%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的直播甜菜田除草方法,其特征在于,所述苗前除草剂在配置完成后4h内进行稀释,所述稀释苗前除草剂制备完成后立即进行喷洒。
5.根据权利要求1所述的直播甜菜田除草方法,其特征在于,所述苗后除草剂在配置完成后4h内进行稀释,所述稀释苗后除草剂制备完成后立即进行喷洒。
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