CN109287644B - 一种防治香紫苏田杂草的方法 - Google Patents

一种防治香紫苏田杂草的方法 Download PDF

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CN109287644B
CN109287644B CN201811353015.0A CN201811353015A CN109287644B CN 109287644 B CN109287644 B CN 109287644B CN 201811353015 A CN201811353015 A CN 201811353015A CN 109287644 B CN109287644 B CN 109287644B
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唐永清
王朴
张芳
陈宗林
肖建伦
郭丹丽
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INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES NO4 DIVISIONS OF XINJIANG PRODUCTION & CONSTRUCTION CORPS
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Abstract

本发明属于除草剂农业技术领域，具体涉及一种防治香紫苏田杂草的方法，技术方案为：在春季香紫苏出苗前，施用异丙甲草胺进行土壤封闭，异丙甲草胺用量为1200ga.i/hm2，以及在香紫苏出苗后，采用香紫苏田复配除草剂进行茎叶喷洒处理，所述的香紫苏田除草剂包括组合使用的灭草松、二氯吡啶酸、精喹禾灵，其中灭草松的用量为432g‑576ga.i/hm2，二氯吡啶酸的用量为45‑56ga.i/hm2，精喹禾灵用量30‑52.5ga.i/hm2，本发明的复配除草剂相比单剂施用，扩大了除草范围和除草效果，防效明显，并且对香紫苏相对安全。

Description

一种防治香紫苏田杂草的方法
技术领域
本发明属于除草剂农业技术领域，具体涉及一种防治香紫苏田杂草的方法。
背景技术
香紫苏(Salvia sclarea L.)是唇形科鼠尾草属著名香料植物，双子叶植物，其深加工产品为香紫苏浸膏和精油，主要用于配制日用化妆品香精，也用于食品和制酒工业，种子油脂用于陶器和瓷器生产，花还是很好的蜜源，具有较高的经济价值。香紫苏亩产鲜草达到800-1200公斤,在生产中香紫苏出苗时田间已杂草丛生，随着气温升高、雨水增多，田间杂草生长快、密度高，香紫苏生长受到显著抑制，导致后期产量和品质明显下降，因此有效的杂草防除对提高香紫苏产量和品质非常重要。
由于香紫苏的主要种植模式株行距行距较窄，不宜机械中耕除草，在生产中主要是人工除草，劳动效率低，劳动强度大，香紫苏整个生育期需要除草2-3次，每亩用工成本在250-300元，劳动成本较高，不利于规模化生产。
为替代人工除草，需要筛选出一些化学除草剂，常见的化学除草剂有：酰胺类的乙草胺，二硝基苯胺类的氟乐灵、二甲戊灵，芳氧基苯氧基丙酸类的精喹禾灵、高效氟吡甲禾灵和精吡氟禾草灵，环己烯酮类的稀禾啶等，但上述除草剂在香紫苏田的使用均由其他旱作物田借鉴而来，我国还没有化学除草剂在香紫苏田取得农药登记和许可使用，而且上述除草剂均有一定的杀草范围和使用条件，它们在香紫苏田的使用表现出以下明显不足：香紫苏出苗前，可采用氟乐灵、乙草胺、二甲戊灵等，进行土壤封闭，基本可防除一年生禾本科杂草和部分阔叶杂草，如马唐、牛筋草、狗尾草、稗草、马齿苋、藜、蓼等，但对繁缕、酸模、荠菜、泥胡菜、一年蓬、泽漆、附地菜、野老鹳草等防效较差或基本无效，同时，香紫苏出苗后，由于其早期生长缓慢，加上土壤封闭阶段的除草剂效果基本丧失，香紫苏出苗后的杂草危害依然严重，此时一般通过精喹禾灵、稀禾啶、高效氟吡甲禾灵和精吡氟禾草灵等除草剂进行茎叶处理控制禾本科杂草危害；由于香紫苏是唇形科阔叶类作物，因此用于防除香紫苏出苗后阔叶杂草的除草剂使用要求非常严格，需要在阔叶杂草和香紫苏之间具有良好选择性。
目前除草剂主要针对禾本科单子叶杂草，对双子叶杂草的除草剂很少，常规推荐用量的灭草松对香紫苏药害较为严重，减少用量防效不明显，二氯吡啶酸除草谱较窄，因此，急需一种适用于防治香紫苏田杂草的方法。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提出一种防治香紫苏田杂草的方法，既能有效防除香紫苏田杂草又对香紫苏相对安全。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种防治香紫苏田杂草的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1，在春季香紫苏出苗前，施药进行土壤封闭；
S2，香紫苏出苗后，于杂草2-3叶期，采用香紫苏田复配除草剂进行茎叶喷洒处理，所述的香紫苏田复配除草剂包括组合使用的灭草松、二氯吡啶酸、精喹禾灵，其中灭草松的用量为432g-576ga.i/hm2，二氯吡啶酸的用量为45-56ga.i/hm2，精喹禾灵用量30-52.5ga.i/hm2。
优选地，S1中，土壤封闭施用药物为异丙甲草胺。
优选地，S1中，异丙甲草胺施用量为1200ga.i/hm2。
优选地，S2中，所述复配除草剂采用质量分数48％的灭草松水剂、75％的二氯吡啶酸可溶粒剂和15％的精喹禾灵乳油复配而成。
与现有技术相比，本发明提出的一种防治香紫苏田杂草的方法具有如下有益效果：
本发明的防治香紫苏田杂草的方法，通过灭草松、二氯吡啶酸和精喹禾灵混配，具体的灭草松的用量为432g-576ga.i/hm2，二氯吡啶酸的用量为45-56ga.i/hm2，精喹禾灵用量30-52.5ga.i/hm2，兑水450—675kg/hm稀释后进行香紫苏田杂草茎叶喷雾，相比单剂施用的局限性，扩大了除草范围和除草效果，防效明显，并且对香紫苏相对安全。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明，但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的试验方法，通常按照常规条件操作，未注明的实验材料来源均为市售，由于不涉及发明点，故不对其步骤进行详细描述。
试验田概况
试验田位于伊犁昭苏77团6连9号地，昭苏地区属高寒山区，海拔1670-1860m，属高寒半湿润冷凉气候类型，土地平整、土层深厚，为碳酸盐黑钙土，土壤有机质含量10％，碱解氮含量60ppm，速效磷含量12ppm，前茬油菜，2017年10月30日播种，播种深度1-2cm，行株距40cm×20cm。田间杂草主要有稗草、灰藜、刺儿菜、卷茎蓼、等杂草和自生油菜。
供试药剂
采用的灭草松为市售的百分含量48％灭草松水剂(巴斯夫植物保护(江苏)有限公司)
采用的二氯吡啶酸为市售的百分含量75％二氯吡啶酸可溶粒剂(美国陶氏益农公司)
采用的精喹禾灵为市售的百分含量15％精喹禾灵乳油(天津博克百胜科技有限公司)
试验方法如下：
在春季香紫苏出苗前，施用异丙甲草胺进行土壤封闭，异丙甲草胺施用量为1200ga.i/hm2；
香紫苏出苗后，于杂草2-3叶期，对香紫苏田杂草进行除草剂一次茎叶喷撒处理，试验设12个不同的处理方式，处理1-3(分别对应对比例1-3)为灭草松单剂喷洒，处理4-5(分别对应对比例4-5)为二氯吡啶酸单剂喷洒，处理6-7(分别对应对比例6-7)为精喹禾灵单剂喷洒，处理8-12(分别对应实施例1-4)为灭草松、二氯吡啶酸和精喹禾灵组合喷洒，另外还设置有编号为13的空白对照，编号为14的人工除草处理，每个处理重复3次，随机排列，小区面积20m2，表1为各处理及药剂用量。
按照试验小区的面积，准确称量处理1-12的药剂，先加少量水将药剂稀释成母液，然后按每公顷有效成分用量兑水550kg进行稀释利用喷雾器，进行均匀喷雾。
表1处理组合及药剂用量
Figure GDA0002848406250000041
Figure GDA0002848406250000051
田间调查及方法
药后15天调查杂草株防效，每个小区选择4个点，每点0.25m2，于施药后45d调查杂草株数和鲜重，计算株防效和鲜重防效，计算株防效和鲜质量防效，杂草防效计算方法：株(鲜重)防效＝[对照区杂草株数(鲜重)-处理区杂草株数(鲜重)]/对照区杂草株数(鲜重)×100％。
香紫苏安全性调查：
药后5、15天、45天目测香紫苏是否有药害，药害等级分为6级，药害分级标准参考中华人民共和国农业行业标准(见表2)：
表2药害等级划分标准
Figure GDA0002848406250000052
采收前每个处理取4点，每点5株测量香紫苏单株地上部分生物产量和花穗产量。
药后15天，灭草松、二氯吡啶酸与精喹禾灵复配对杂草总防效较好，防效在70％左右，高于各单剂使用的防效(见表3)，药后45天，各处理的株防效(见表4)均有增加，灭草松、二氯吡啶酸与精喹禾灵复配防效在80％以上，三种药剂复配随有效成分的增加防效提高，但复配处理之间差异不显著。
安全性调查见表5，各处理只有精喹禾灵表现没有药害，其他处理在药后5天出现不同程度的药害，其中灭草松有效成分720ga.i/hm2对香紫苏药害较为明显，叶片退绿，黄化，株高抑制，其他处理药害轻微，随着时间的延长，各处理药害均有所减轻，药害45天后，只有灭草松有效成分720ga.i/hm2株高比空白对照略矮，其它各处理已恢复正常生长。
表3施药后15天株防效调查
Figure GDA0002848406250000061
表4施药后45天株防效调查
Figure GDA0002848406250000062
Figure GDA0002848406250000071
表5除草剂对香紫苏的药害等级
Figure GDA0002848406250000072
表6除草剂处理对香紫苏的产量影响调查表
Figure GDA0002848406250000073
Figure GDA0002848406250000081
灭草松防治香紫苏田间的阔叶杂草效果较好，但有效成分用量超720ga.i/hm2对香紫苏会有较为明显的药害，二氯吡啶酸防除香紫苏田间菊科杂草效果较好，对香紫苏较为安全，但除草谱较窄，精喹禾灵可以防除香紫苏田间单子叶杂草，因此灭草松+二氯吡啶酸+精喹禾灵复配可以提高香紫苏田间杂草的防效。可根据田间杂草优势种类使用三种药剂的比例，达到经济、高效防控香紫苏田间杂草的目的。
需要说明的是，本发明中涉及到数值范围的，表示在该数值范围内的任意数值均可行，为了防止赘述，本发明仅描述了的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (4)

1.一种防治香紫苏田杂草的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1，在春季香紫苏出苗前施药，进行土壤封闭；
S2，香紫苏出苗后，于杂草2-3叶期，采用复配除草剂对杂草进行茎叶喷洒处理，所述复配除草剂包括组合使用的灭草松、二氯吡啶酸和精喹禾灵，其中灭草松的用量为432g-576ga.i/hm2，二氯吡啶酸的用量为45-56ga.i/hm2，精喹禾灵用量30-52.5ga.i/hm2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治香紫苏田杂草 的方法，其特征在于，S1中，所述土壤封闭施用药为异丙甲草胺。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种防治香紫苏田杂草的方法，其特征在于，S1中，所述异丙甲草胺施用量为1200ga.i/hm2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治香紫苏田杂草的方法，其特征在于，S2中，所述复配除草剂采用质量分数48％的灭草松水剂、75％的二氯吡啶酸可溶粒剂和15％的精喹禾灵乳油复配而成。
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