CN111247074A - Method and coupling device for locking together intermodal containers for transport on board a ship - Google Patents

Method and coupling device for locking together intermodal containers for transport on board a ship Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111247074A
CN111247074A CN201880068210.0A CN201880068210A CN111247074A CN 111247074 A CN111247074 A CN 111247074A CN 201880068210 A CN201880068210 A CN 201880068210A CN 111247074 A CN111247074 A CN 111247074A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
coupling device
corner castings
corner
containers
castings
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Granted
Application number
CN201880068210.0A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN111247074B (en
Inventor
J·奥斯特伯格
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MacGregor Fin Oy
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MacGregor Fin Oy
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/28—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for deck loads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/24—Means for preventing unwanted cargo movement, e.g. dunnage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/02—Large containers rigid
    • B65D88/12—Large containers rigid specially adapted for transport
    • B65D88/121—ISO containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/0006—Coupling devices between containers, e.g. ISO-containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/12—Supports
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/28—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for deck loads
    • B63B2025/285—Means for securing deck containers against unwanted movements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00—Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/0006—Coupling devices between containers, e.g. ISO-containers
    • B65D90/0013—Twist lock

Abstract

Method of locking intermodal containers transported on board a vessel together by means of corner castings (1, 2) on the containers, wherein the intermodal containers one above the other are locked to each other by twist locks (3) to be fastened into the corner castings. The method according to the invention is carried out in the following manner: so that the corner castings (1, 2) of the intermodal containers one above the other and/or juxtaposed to each other are also coupled to each other by one or more independent coupling devices (7). The object of the invention also relates to a coupling device (7).

Description

Method and coupling device for locking together intermodal containers for transport on board a ship
Technical Field
The object of the invention is a method for locking together intermodal containers transported on board a ship by means of corner castings on the intermodal containers, wherein the containers one above the other are locked to each other by means of twist locks, which are to be fastened to the corner castings.
Background
On board a cargo ship intermodal containers are transported in cargo holds under the hatch cover and also on deck on top of the hatch cover in many parallel rows and columns and also in multiple layers one on top of the other. The deck has a removable hatch cover that closes the cargo space below. Containers above the deck are transported on top of the hatch. This application is directed to the transportation of intermodal containers on the deck of a cargo ship, but is not so limited.
All eight corners of the intermodal container have corner castings by means of which the containers can be locked to each other. Typically, two containers one above the other are locked to each other by twist locks mounted into the corner castings of the containers. The twistlocks are placed between the corner castings of two containers one above the other and the twistlocks are locked in the holes of the horizontal surfaces of the corner castings.
Twist-locks known in the art are disclosed in particular in the following publications: EP0776302B1, DE10200401A1 and WO8907079A 1.
Intermodal containers that are juxtaposed to one another typically do not lock to one another at all. However, in special cases, there do exist devices for supporting containers juxtaposed to each other. One possible solution is disclosed in the specification EP 1194353B 1.
At sea, when the ship and correspondingly the stack of containers on its deck are tilted, large compressive and tensile forces are exerted on the twist-locks and the corner castings of the containers. In order to increase the transport capacity of the ship, efforts are made to transport stacks of containers, which are increasingly taller and heavier, on the deck of the ship. However, the strength of twist locks is limited. The typical maximum allowable tensile force in a twist lock is 250 kN. This constitutes a limitation in increasing the size of the container stack and in improving the effective use of the ship.
Disclosure of Invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a method for locking intermodal containers to each other such that the locking will withstand greater marine navigation induced tensile forces than before, in which case the number of intermodal containers transported on a cargo ship can be increased. The method according to the invention is characterized by the features defined in independent claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the method are defined in the dependent claims 2 to 6.
The object of the invention is to provide a coupling device for carrying out the method. The coupling device is characterized by the features defined in independent claim 7. Preferred embodiments of the coupling device are defined in the dependent claims 8 to 17.
Thus, in the present invention, the locking of two or more intermodal containers one above the other, side by side (beside) and/or end to end with each other at their corner castings is achieved simultaneously by two or more independent coupling means for increasing the total locking force.
The coupling method can be applied in the following manner: so that there are twist-locks installed according to current practice between the corner castings of two intermodal containers one on top of the other, in addition to which separate coupling devices are installed into the clamping holes of the vertical front faces of the corner castings.
Alternatively, the coupling method may be applied in the following manner: in addition to having twist-locks installed according to current practice between the corner castings of two intermodal containers one on top of the other, separate coupling devices are installed into clamping holes in the side surfaces of the corner castings.
Alternatively, the coupling method may be applied in the following manner: between the corner castings of two intermodal containers one on top of the other there are twist locks installed according to current practice, in addition to which separate coupling devices are installed into clamping holes in the front and side surfaces of the corner castings.
It is also possible to couple together two containers juxtaposed to each other and two containers one above the other (four corner castings) so that twist-locks are mounted between the corner castings of the containers one above the other, and in addition to this, separate coupling devices are mounted in the same corner castings, which coupling devices are fastened to clamping holes in the vertical surfaces of all four corner castings.
The operation of the method depends on the clearance between the twist-lock and the support surface of the corner casting of the container being of approximately the same magnitude as the clearance between the coupling device and the support surface of the corner casting of the container, taking into account the structural flexibility and deformation of all these components, particularly when subjected to tensile loads. The coupling device is thus dimensioned according to the dimensions of the twist-locks and the corner castings of the intermodal container. In this case the lifting force exerted from the upper container onto the lower container is distributed as evenly as possible between the twistlocks and the coupling means.
The invention therefore also relates to a coupling device which is fastened between the corner castings of intermodal containers one above the other, juxtaposed to each other and/or end-to-end, so that the coupling device together with the second locking pieces connected between the corner castings takes up the load, which is usually tensile stress, between the corner castings.
Alternatively, the object of the invention is a coupling device which is fastened between the corner castings one above the other in such a way that it together with the twistlocks connected between the corner castings takes up the load, which is usually a tensile stress, between the corner castings.
One of the advantages that may be mentioned with the present invention is that it enables larger container loads to be transported on the deck of the vessel than before, in which case the cargo capacity and cargo efficiency of the vessel can be increased. The present invention may be used with intermodal containers and twist-locks currently in use. The coupling device according to the invention is simple in construction and reliable in operation.
Drawings
The invention will be described in detail hereinafter by way of some examples of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
figure 1 shows the corner castings of two containers one on top of the other, which castings are locked to each other in a conventional manner by twist locks.
Fig. 2 is identical to fig. 1, but now the corner castings are also locked to each other by the coupling device according to the invention via clamping holes in the front surfaces of the corner castings.
Fig. 3 is identical to fig. 1, but now the corner castings are also locked to each other by the coupling device according to the invention via clamping holes in the side surfaces of the corner castings.
Fig. 4 shows an embodiment in which the coupling device is mounted in clamping holes in the front and side surfaces.
Fig. 5 shows a cross section of two corner castings one above the other in a rest condition, these castings being locked by means of a conventional twist-lock and a coupling device according to the invention.
Figure 6 shows the same graph as figure 5 but under tensile load.
Detailed Description
Thus, fig. 1 shows the corner castings of two intermodal containers one above the other. The upper corner casting 1 belongs to the upper container and the lower corner casting 2 belongs to the lower container. The actual containers are not shown in these figures, but the intermodal containers have corner castings at each corner by means of which the containers can be locked together by using twist locks 3, as is known in the art. The twist-lock is used in a manner known per se in the art by means of the operating wire 4. The twistlocks 3 thus lock together the container corner castings 1, 2 one above the other.
In addition, so-called clamping holes 5, 5' are present in the side faces of the corner casting; 6. 6'. The gripping holes, referenced 5, 5 ', are located at the ends of the container, in the so-called front surface, and the gripping holes, referenced 6, 6', are located on the long sides of the container, in the so-called side surfaces.
In fig. 2, the corner castings 1, 2 are locked by means of a coupling device 7 according to the invention and a conventional twist lock 3. The coupling device 7 has been mounted between the clamping holes 5 in the front surface of the upper corner casting and the clamping holes 5' in the front surface of the lower corner casting 2.
In addition, in fig. 3, the corner castings 1, 2 are locked by means of a coupling device 7 according to the invention and by means of a conventional twist lock 3. In this case, the coupling device 7 has been installed between the clamping hole 6 in the side surface of the upper corner casting 1 and the clamping hole 6' of the side surface of the lower corner casting 2.
Fig. 4 shows a combination of the solutions of fig. 2 and 3 as such, i.e. there are two coupling device units 7, one between the clamping holes 5, 5 'of the front surface and the other between the clamping holes 6, 6' of the side surfaces.
Fig. 5 shows a cross section, where the corner casting 1 of the bottom corner of the upper container rests in an idle state on top of the body 8 of the twist-lock, which in turn rests on top of the corner casting 2 of the top corner of the lower container. In the clamping holes 6, 6' of the side surfaces of the corner castings 1, 2, coupling means 7 are mounted. The coupling means 7 are supported on the inner surface 11 of the upper corner casting 1.
In the rest state, a gap a is left between the upper fixing clip 9 of the twist-lock and the inner surface 11 of the upper corner casting, and correspondingly a gap B is left between the lower fixing clip 10 of the twist-lock and the inner surface 12 of the lower corner casting 2. These gaps enable twist-locks to be locked and unlocked in ports. In addition, in the idle state, a clearance C is left between the bottom of the coupling device 7 and the inner surface 12 of the lower corner casting 2. The coupling device 7 is dimensioned such that the clearance C is equal to the sum of the clearances a and B.
Fig. 6 shows a tensile load state of the arrangement according to fig. 5, wherein a tensile force is thus applied in the direction of arrow V. For example, a tensile load may be created when the vessel is tilted at sea at a sufficient angle and the second edge of the upper container begins to rise upwards (the stack of containers begins to fall). In this case, the upper corner casting 1 lifts the twistlock 3 and the coupling device 7 upwards until they collide with the inner surface 12 of the lower corner casting 2. In this case, the gaps A, B and C shown in FIG. 5 are no longer present, and movement of the upper corner casting 1 relative to the lower corner casting 2 is prevented. The coupling device 7 is thus fastened between the corner castings 1, 2 in such a way that it together with the twistlock 3 connected between the corner castings 1, 2 takes up the load, for example the tensile stress, between the corner castings. Since the twist-locks 3 and the coupling means 7 are simultaneously loaded, the height and/or weight of the container stack may be increased compared to conventional arrangements using only twist-locks.
In the above described embodiments, the coupling means 7 are mounted in the front or side surfaces, or in both the front and side surfaces, of the corner castings 1, 2. A further option is to couple together two containers side by side with one another and two containers one above the other, in which case there are four corner casting units in the same group, so that between the corner castings of the containers one on top of the other is a twist lock installed according to current practice, and in addition to this, there are installed in the same corner castings separate coupling means fastened to clamping holes on the vertical surfaces of all four corner castings.
The coupling device 7 according to the invention can thus be installed between the corner castings of intermodal containers one above the other, juxtaposed to each other and/or end-to-end. The coupling device can be fastened to the clamping holes 5, 5' of the corner castings of the intermodal container by means of rotatable locking elements or by means of fixed locking claws (not shown in the figures); 6. 6' of the formula (I). Fastening may also be achieved by magnets.
Furthermore, the coupling means 7 may be provided with a support arm (not shown in the figures) for ease of handling. The support arm may be fastened at one of its ends directly or indirectly to the lashing bridge or the hull structure of the vessel. The coupling device provided with the support arms can transfer forces between the intermodal container and the lashing bridge or the hull structure of the ship.
The coupling device 7 is a substantially U-shaped part, the free end of which is fastened to the clamping holes 5, 5' of the corner castings of the intermodal container; 6. 6' of the formula (I).
It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but that it may be varied within the scope of the claims presented. In particular, the need to use the coupling device 7 in different points of the stack of containers is determined on the basis of the height of the stack of containers and on the basis of the weight of the containers. Instead of steel, the coupling device may also be made of a more flexible material, which has to be taken into account when dimensioning the gaps A, B and C. Furthermore, the coupling means may comprise a gap adjustment feature, for example realized by a screw-like structure.
Features which may be present in combination with other features in the description may also be used separately from each other, if desired.

Claims (17)

1. Method of locking intermodal containers transported on board a ship together, the locking being effected by means of corner castings (1, 2) on the intermodal containers, wherein intermodal containers one above the other are locked to each other by means of twist locks (3) to be fastened into the corner castings, characterized in that the corner castings (1, 2) of intermodal containers one above the other and/or juxtaposed to each other are also coupled to each other by means of one or more independent coupling devices (7).
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a separate coupling device (7) is mounted into a clamping hole (5, 5') in the front surface of the corner casting (1, 2).
3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that separate coupling means (7) are mounted into clamping holes (6, 6') in the side surfaces of the corner castings (1, 2).
4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that separate coupling means (7) are mounted into clamping holes (5, 5 '; 6, 6') in the front and side surfaces of the corner castings (1, 2).
5. A method according to claim 1, characterised in that there are two intermodal containers one on top of the other and two containers side by side, in which case the twistlocks (3) are mounted between the corner castings (1, 2) of the containers one above the other, and in that separate coupling means (7) are mounted between the same corner castings, which are fastened to all four corner castings.
6. A method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterised in that a coupling device (7) is fastened between the corner castings (1, 2) so that it together with a twist-lock (3) connected between the corner castings (1, 2) takes up loads between the corner castings, such as tensile stresses for example.
7. Coupling device (7) for locking the corner castings (1, 2) of intermodal containers transported on board a ship to each other, wherein the intermodal containers on top of each other are locked to each other by twist locks (3), characterised in that the coupling device (7) is fastened between the corner castings (1, 2) of containers one above the other and/or in line with each other into clamping holes (5, 5 '; 6, 6') in the corner castings.
8. Coupling device according to claim 7, characterized in that the gap between the twist-locks (3) and the supporting surfaces of the corner castings (1, 2) of the container and the gap between the coupling device (7) and the supporting surfaces of the corner castings (1, 2) of the container have substantially the same extent in the idle state.
9. Coupling device according to claim 8, characterized in that between the upper retaining clip (9) of the twist-lock (3) and the inner surface (11) of the upper corner casting (1) is a gap (A), between the lower retaining clip (10) of the twist-lock (3) and the inner surface (12) of the lower corner casting (2) is a gap (B), and between the bottom of the coupling device (7) and the inner surface (12) of the lower corner casting is a gap (C), in which case the gap (C) is approximately equal to the sum of the gaps (A) and (B).
10. A coupling device according to any one of claims 7-9, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the coupling device (7) is fastened between the corner castings (1, 2) so that it together with the twist-lock (3) connected between the corner castings (1, 2) takes up loads between the corner castings, such as tensile stresses.
11. Coupling device according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the coupling device (7) is provided with fixed locking claws, by means of which a biting into the clamping holes (5, 5 '; 6, 6') of the corner castings (1, 2) is achieved.
12. Coupling device according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the coupling device (7) is provided with a rotatable locking device by means of which a biting into the clamping holes (5, 5 '; 6, 6') of the corner castings (1, 2) is achieved.
13. Coupling device according to any of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the fastening between the coupling device (7) and the clamping hole (5, 5 '; 6, 6') is achieved by means of magnets.
14. Coupling device according to any of claims 7-13, characterized in that the coupling device (7) is provided with a support arm for facilitating handling of the coupling device.
15. Coupling device according to claim 14, characterized in that the support arm is fastened at one of its ends directly or indirectly to a lashing bridge or a hull structure of the vessel, wherein the coupling device (7) provided with the support arm transfers forces between an intermodal container and a lashing bridge or a hull structure of the vessel.
16. Coupling device according to any of claims 7-15, characterized in that the coupling device (7) is a substantially U-shaped part, the free end of which is fastened into the clamping holes (5, 5 '; 6, 6') of the corner castings (1, 2) of the intermodal container.
17. Coupling device according to any of claims 7 to 15, characterized in that the coupling device (7) is made of steel or of a flexible material.
CN201880068210.0A 2017-10-25 2018-10-22 Method and coupling device for locking together intermodal containers for transport on board a ship Active CN111247074B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20175943A FI128076B (en) 2017-10-25 2017-10-25 Coupling means for locking together corner fittings on containers being transported on a ship
FI20175943 2017-10-25
PCT/FI2018/050771 WO2019081810A1 (en) 2017-10-25 2018-10-22 Method and coupling means for locking together intermodal containers being transported on a ship

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN111247074A true CN111247074A (en) 2020-06-05
CN111247074B CN111247074B (en) 2021-12-14

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Country Status (8)

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EP (1) EP3700834B1 (en)
JP (1) JP7381456B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20200074980A (en)
CN (1) CN111247074B (en)
DK (1) DK3700834T3 (en)
FI (1) FI128076B (en)
SG (1) SG11202002534TA (en)
WO (1) WO2019081810A1 (en)

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KR102513425B1 (en) * 2020-12-01 2023-03-24 한국철도기술연구원 Container fastening apparatus
JP2024511838A (en) * 2021-04-02 2024-03-15 コリア シップビルディング アンド オフショア エンジニアリング カンパニー リミテッド container carrier
EP4332022A1 (en) * 2022-08-31 2024-03-06 MacGregor Finland Oy Locking arrangement for locking containers together, container lock and method for joining containers stacked on top of each other

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