CN111245493B - Efficient wave beam training method of intelligent reflecting surface assisted millimeter wave communication system - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/04013—Intelligent reflective surfaces
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
Abstract
The method aims at the problem of how to perform multi-user initial access in a multi-intelligent-reflector-assisted millimeter wave communication system. The invention provides an efficient beam training method, which can realize multi-user beam alignment with lower training overhead. Firstly, the invention provides a wide beam pattern design based on phase adjustment, and designs a wave width controller capable of flexibly controlling the beam width by adjusting parameters based on quadratic regression; aiming at a new network architecture after a plurality of reflecting surfaces are introduced, the invention provides a beam training method based on space-time search, which can realize initial access of multiple users at the same time with lower training overhead; in order to accelerate the beam training process, the invention designs a new self-adaptive layered codebook at the base station and the intelligent reflecting surface respectively.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multi-user initial access method by designing a dynamic beam pattern, an efficient beam training strategy and a self-adaptive hierarchical codebook under the condition that a plurality of multi-antenna users exist in a multi-intelligent reflecting surface assisted millimeter wave communication system, belonging to the technical field of wireless communication.
Background
With the explosive growth of data traffic, millimeter wave (mmWave) has become a key technology for fifth generation mobile communication by virtue of its rich available frequency band. The first serious challenge in implementing millimeter wave communication is path loss, and in order to compensate for the serious path loss of millimeter wave transmission, a millimeter wave base station usually employs a large-scale antenna array for narrow-beam transmission, so that transmission energy can be effectively concentrated in a certain area or direction. However, millimeter-wave directional transmission is very sensitive to blocking, and even causes connection interruption, which also brings new challenges to the establishment and maintenance of millimeter-wave links. For this purpose, Intelligent Reflective Surfaces (IRS) are integrated into the millimeter wave cellular system.
The IRS is an antenna plane containing a large number of low-cost passive reflective arrays, each of which is capable of independently adjusting the phase and amplitude of an incident electromagnetic wave, thereby changing the propagation path of the electromagnetic wave. Conventional wireless technologies generally perform signal processing at the transmitting and receiving ends to adapt to a dynamic and uncontrollable wireless environment, and the IRS can actively modify a wireless channel through a controllable smart signal reflection technology. Therefore, the IRS provides a new degree of freedom for further improving the performance of the wireless link and paves the way for realizing the intelligent programmable wireless environment. In mmwave cellular systems, the problem of blocking can severely degrade communication quality and even cause link down. By virtue of its ability to change the electromagnetic wave transmission environment, IRS has the potential to become a new approach to dealing with the millimeter wave communication blocking problem. For users with blocked links with the base station, the transmission path of electromagnetic waves can bypass the shielding object to reach the users through the phase adjustment of the IRS, so that the communication quality and the coverage capability of a millimeter wave system are improved.
The beam training is a key technology for realizing the initial access of a user in a millimeter wave system, and essentially, the basic idea of the beam training is to obtain an optimal transmitting angle/receiving angle through a beam space search method and user power measurement under the condition that a base station does not have any user prior information, so that beam alignment is realized. Due to the directional narrow beam transmission of millimeter wave communications, the quality of service for a user depends largely on the real-time alignment of the beams. In an IRS-assisted millimeter wave communication system, the introduction of the IRS causes great changes to a millimeter wave network architecture, and a traditional beam training mechanism is not suitable for a new network architecture any more. At present, the research on the IRS is still in a starting stage at home and abroad, and the problem of beam training of an IRS-assisted millimeter wave communication system is not involved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention concerns a multi-Intelligent Reflector (IRS) assisted millimeter wave (mmWave) communication system, wherein a base station is equipped with a hybrid millimeter wave transceiver, a plurality of purely passive intelligent reflectors, and a plurality of multi-antenna users. These multiple antenna users need to have initial access to the base station.
1. Wide beam synthesis method based on phase adjustment
The invention provides a phase adjustment-based wide beam synthesis method, which realizes beam broadening by weighting different antenna arrays at different phases on the basis of the traditional millimeter wave narrow beam forming technology, as shown in formula (1). The time overhead of the search is reduced by the wide beam scanning.
Psi (N) is a phase weighting coefficient, rho is a beam width control parameter, N is the total number of antenna array sub-elements, f is a beam forming vector after beam widening, and eta is a beam center angle.
2. Wave width controller based on quadratic regression
The invention designs a wave width controller based on quadratic regression, and flexibly controls the wave beam width through adjusting the parameter rho in the quadratic phase, as shown in a formula (2). The searching range of the beam can be flexibly adjusted through the wave width control, and accurate beam alignment is realized.
B＝f(ρ,N) (2)
Where B is the beam width.
3. Beam training strategy based on space-time search
Aiming at a new network architecture of the intelligent reflector assisted millimeter wave communication system, the invention provides a beam training strategy based on space-time search, and multi-user initial access is realized by performing two-layer space-time search on a base station and an intelligent reflector.
4. Adaptive hierarchical codebook design
In order to accelerate the process of beam training, the invention designs a self-adaptive layered codebook on a base station and an intelligent reflecting surface based on a designed wave width controller and a beam training strategy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a millimeter wave communication system with multiple intelligent reflecting surface assistance.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of an implementation of the millimeter wave communication system assisted by an intelligent reflector
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transceiver and an intelligent reflecting surface.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of wide beam synthesis based on quadratic phase weighting.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a bandwidth controller implementation.
Fig. 6 is a flow chart of a beam training strategy based on space-time search.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a base station and an adaptive codebook structure of an intelligent reflecting surface.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the selection of the optimal link for beam training as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, in a millimeter wave communication system architecture diagram assisted by multiple Intelligent Reflectors (IRS), when there is a blockage between a user and a base station and there is a line of sight (LOS) between the base station and the IRS and between the IRS and the user, the base station transmits a beam to the IRS, and the IRS aligns the reflected beam to the user by adjusting its own reflection parameters, so that the user bypasses a shelter through the IRS, thereby improving the user service quality and the coverage of a network.
Referring to fig. 2, a flow chart of an implementation of the millimeter wave communication system assisted by the intelligent reflector is sequentially a wide beam synthesis method, a design of a wave width controller, a wave beam training strategy, and a hierarchical codebook design of a base station/reflector.
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic structural diagram of a transceiver and an intelligent reflection surface is shown, where the IRS is a purely passive area array, and is configured with an IRS controller with low power consumption, and is capable of adjusting the propagation direction of electromagnetic waves incident on the phase of each array, and in addition, the IRS is configured with a low-frequency transceiver antenna, and is capable of interacting with channel information and control information of users and base stations. The base station is configured with a hybrid architecture transceiver capable of supporting multi-stream transmission. The user configures the analog transceiver to support only single stream transmission.
Referring to fig. 4, a schematic diagram of phase adjustment-based wide beam synthesis shows that, by comparing with schemes of narrow beam, beam broadening based on antenna deactivation, and beam broadening based on Kaiser windowing, the phase adjustment-based wide beam synthesis technique can achieve effective beam broadening with limited beamforming gain loss.
Referring to fig. 5, a schematic diagram of the implementation of the wave width controller is shown, a plurality of groups of corresponding relations of normalized-10 dB wave widths and phase parameters are obtained through simulation sampling, the wave width controller is obtained through quadratic regression fitting, and a simulation result shows that the wave width controller based on quadratic regression can achieve effective wave width control.
Referring to fig. 6, a beam training strategy flow chart based on space-time search is that first hop beam training is performed, an intelligent transmitting surface starts an omnidirectional mode through beam division and wave width control, a base station of a hybrid architecture simultaneously transmits orthogonal training sequences to multiple directions to perform hierarchical search, a user side simultaneously performs hierarchical search, and ends the feedback of a time slot corresponding to a signal with the maximum power and an orthogonal sequence number to the base station at each stage, the base station determines the search range of the next stage according to a feedback result until the base station side reaches a certain resolution, the base station transmits a confirmation signal to a user directly accessing the base station through first hop beam training through a low-frequency broadcast channel, and ends the beam training process of the users. Then training the second hop beam, because the position of the intelligent reflecting surface is fixed, it is assumed here that the base station knows the position of the intelligent reflecting surface in advance, and trains the existence of a user in the service range of the known reflecting surface through the first hop beam, the base station transmits a narrow beam carrying different training sequences to a plurality of intelligent reflecting surfaces simultaneously, and tells the sequence number of the training sequence to the intelligent reflecting surface through a broadcast channel, the intelligent reflecting surface starts a training mode, and completes the training of the second hop beam through hierarchical search, wherein at the end of each stage, the user needs to feed back a time slot corresponding to a signal with the maximum power and an orthogonal sequence number to the intelligent reflecting surface through the broadcast channel, the orthogonal sequence number is used for confirming which intelligent reflecting surface the user is served by, the time slot is used for confirming which sector of the intelligent reflecting surface the user corresponds to until reaching a certain resolution, and the intelligent reflecting surface feeds the result back to the base station, and the base station sends confirmation information to the users to finish the whole beam training process.
Referring to fig. 7, a schematic diagram of a structure of a base station and an intelligent reflector adaptive codebook is shown, where codewords of each layer have the same beam width, and the beam width can be flexibly adjusted by a previously designed beam width controller, as shown in equation (3).
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the beam width of the corresponding codeword, NRFThe number of radio frequency links of a transmitter at the base station side, wherein l refers to the first layer codebook, f-1For the inverse function operation of the function f, W (l, u) is the u-th code word of the l-th layer of the base station side codebook, NBSIs the number of base station side antennas, eta*At a central angle of Ψ*And (n) is the phase offset of the nth array.
Due to the similar codebook structure, the adaptive codebook design method of the intelligent reflecting surface training mode is similar.
For the adaptive codebook design of the omni-directional pattern of the intelligent reflector, 1/2 represents the coverage area of each sub-codeword, and therefore, the corresponding bandwidth control parameter is
ρ2＝f-1(1/2,NI/4)
Wherein N isIThe expression of each corresponding sub-code word is the number of antennas of the intelligent reflecting surface
Wherein the central angle is
The phase shift is
Thus, the expression of the synthesized parent codeword is
Θ(0,1)＝diag(Θ′(0,1),Θ′(0,2),Θ′(0,3),Θ′(0,4))
In summary, we can implement multi-user initial access of the millimeter wave communication system assisted by multiple intelligent reflection surfaces by providing a wide beam synthesis method, a beam controller, a beam training strategy and an adaptive codebook design.
Referring to fig. 8, a schematic diagram of the optimal link selected by the beam training as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio shows that the scheme provided by the present invention can achieve performance similar to the exhaustive search with high complexity with low complexity.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A wave beam training method based on space-time search is provided, wherein a millimeter wave network is provided with a plurality of intelligent reflecting surfaces and a plurality of users, and the users need to realize initial access through a wave beam training process, and the wave beam training method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) designing a wide beam pattern based on phase adjustment, and dynamically adjusting the beam width by carrying out phase weighting on different antenna arrays, wherein the phase weight of the nth antenna array is
Wherein N is the total antenna array number of the antenna array, rho is a beam width control parameter, and the beam forming vector of the antenna array is
Eta is the beam center angle;
(2) performing beam width control on the beam pattern in the step (1) by using a quadratic regression method, and establishing a relation between the beam width and the beam width control parameter rho in the step (1) by using the quadratic regression method through sampling different antenna parameters and corresponding normalization-10 dB on the premise of giving the number of the antennas, so as to achieve the purposes of only adjusting the parameter rho in the antenna array sub-phase and flexibly controlling the beam width;
(3) based on the beam pattern design in the step (1) and the beam width control method in the step (2), respectively designing adaptive layered codebooks at a base station and an intelligent reflecting surface, wherein the adaptive layered codebooks on the intelligent reflecting surface side are divided into an omnidirectional mode and a training mode, the intelligent reflecting surface realizes omnidirectional beam coverage through beam division and beam width control in the omnidirectional mode, and the intelligent reflecting surface realizes initial access of a user by combining wide beam and narrow beam layered search in the training mode;
(4) and (3) designing a beam training method based on space-time search by using the self-adaptive layered codebook in the step (3), and realizing initial access of multiple users by performing two-hop space-time search on the base station and the intelligent reflecting surface:
(41) training a first hop beam: the method comprises the steps that an intelligent reflecting surface starts an omnidirectional mode through beam division and wave width control, a base station of a mixed framework simultaneously transmits orthogonal training sequences to a plurality of directions for hierarchical search, a user performs power measurement and feeds back a time slot corresponding to a signal with the maximum power and an orthogonal sequence number to the base station at the end of each stage, the base station determines the search range of the next stage according to a feedback result until the side of the base station reaches a certain resolution ratio, the base station sends a confirmation signal to a user directly accessed to the base station through first-hop beam training through a low-frequency broadcast channel, and the beam training process of the users is ended;
(42) and (3) second beam hopping training: supposing that a base station knows the position of an intelligent reflecting surface and a user exists in a service range of the known reflecting surface trained through a first hopping beam, the base station simultaneously transmits narrow beams carrying different training sequences to a plurality of intelligent reflecting surfaces, informs the serial number of the training sequence to the intelligent reflecting surface through a broadcast channel, the intelligent reflecting surface starts a training mode, and completes second hopping beam training through layered searching, wherein at the end of each stage, the user feeds back a time slot corresponding to a signal with the maximum power and an orthogonal sequence serial number to the intelligent reflecting surface through the broadcast channel, the base station can determine the optimal pairing between the user and the intelligent reflecting surface according to the orthogonal sequence serial number, the intelligent reflecting surface can determine a specific sector of the intelligent reflecting surface where the user is located according to the time slot serial number until a certain spatial resolution is reached, and the intelligent reflecting surface feeds back the result to the base station, the base station sends confirmation information to the users, and the whole beam training process is finished.
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