CN111244569B - Air cooling and liquid cooling combined battery heat dissipation device and method - Google Patents
Air cooling and liquid cooling combined battery heat dissipation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
- H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a battery heat dissipation device and method combining air cooling and liquid cooling, belonging to the technical field of automobile battery heat management; the whole heat dissipation device mainly combines air cooling and liquid cooling by arranging the bidirectional surrounding liquid cooling pipe at the periphery of the battery module and arranging the cooling fan at the bottom of the battery box body to dissipate heat of the battery module; meanwhile, the BMS is used for controlling the cooling fan driving motor and the electronic water pump, different heat dissipation forms can be selected according to the temperature of the battery module detected in real time, the rotating speed of the cooling fan and the inlet flow of cooling liquid can be controlled in real time according to the temperature, energy is saved, and heat dissipation is efficient; the heat dissipation device is also provided with a wind pendulum and an exhaust fan for auxiliary heat dissipation, so that the heat dissipation effect is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile battery thermal management, and particularly relates to a battery heat dissipation device and method combining air cooling and liquid cooling.
Background
As a main power source of a new energy automobile, the lithium ion battery has the advantages of high working voltage, large energy density, long cycle life, environmental friendliness and the like, but is very sensitive to temperature. Researches prove that the optimum working temperature of the lithium ion battery is 20-40 ℃, and the temperature difference (delta T) in the battery pack is controlled below 5 ℃. When the ambient temperature is too low, the movement rate of the conductive ions is reduced, the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery is rapidly increased, the charge-discharge capacity is remarkably reduced, and meanwhile, lithium dendrites are easily formed on the surface of the negative electrode of the battery to cause the internal short circuit of the battery; when the environmental temperature is too high, a series of chemical reactions are mutually accumulated and enhanced to generate large amount of heat, so that safety accidents such as fire and deflagration caused by thermal runaway are easily caused. The cooling mode of the conventional lithium ion battery thermal management system mainly comprises air cooling (air cooling), liquid cooling (liquid cooling) and phase change material cooling, wherein the air cooling has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in maintenance and the like, but the maximum temperature of a battery pack cannot be controlled within 50 ℃ during high-rate charge and discharge; compared with air cooling, the existing liquid cooling structure has better cooling effect, but the whole structure is more complex and the energy consumption of the system is larger; the cooling of the phase-change material has the defects of small self heat conductivity coefficient and large heat absorption at the phase-change point of the material, and the problems of volume expansion and the like can be caused after the phase change of the material. In the current battery thermal management technology, few researches for effectively controlling two cooling modes of air cooling and liquid cooling to save energy are carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an air cooling and liquid cooling combined battery heat dissipation device and method, wherein two cooling modes of air cooling and liquid cooling are combined, the rotating speed of a fan in the air cooling mode and the inlet flow of cooling liquid in the liquid cooling mode are controlled in real time through target current, the battery is effectively dissipated, and energy is saved.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
A battery heat dissipation device combining air cooling and liquid cooling comprises a battery box body, a heat dissipation assembly, a battery module and a BMS, wherein the heat dissipation assembly comprises a bidirectional S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe surrounding the periphery of a single battery wrapped in the battery module, the side wall of the single battery is provided with a temperature sensor, and a water inlet and a water outlet of the liquid cooling pipe are communicated with each other sequentially through a water inlet pipe, an electronic water pump, a water tank and a water outlet pipe; the bottom of the battery box body is also provided with a cooling fan; temperature sensor and BMS signal connection, cooling fan, electronic water pump are controlled by BMS.
Furthermore, a substrate for placing the battery module is arranged in the battery box body, and a through hole is formed in the surface of the substrate.
Furthermore, the cooling fans are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the battery box body, wind swings formed by flow deflectors are arranged above the cooling fans, the flow deflectors are fixed on the battery box body through rotating shafts at two ends, and the flow deflectors can rotate.
Furthermore, a wind baffle plate is arranged between the flow deflectors on the two sides.
Furthermore, the bidirectional S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe body is composed of m semi-cylindrical hollow pipe bodies, m is larger than or equal to 1 and is a positive integer, and the radius of an inner arc is consistent with that of the single battery.
Further, the bidirectional S-shaped surrounding liquid-cooling pipe comprises an upper S-shaped surrounding liquid-cooling pipe and a lower S-shaped surrounding liquid-cooling pipe which are opposite in surrounding direction.
Further, a water inlet A of the upper S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe and a water outlet A of the lower S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe are arranged on one side; the water outlet B of the upper S-shaped surrounding liquid-cooling pipe and the water inlet B of the lower S-shaped surrounding liquid-cooling pipe are arranged on one side.
Furthermore, an exhaust fan is arranged at the top of the battery box body.
A heat dissipation method using the heat dissipation device comprises the following steps: the BMS collects temperature data of the single battery (5) transmitted by the temperature sensor, judges a corresponding heat dissipation mode according to the temperature data, controls the driving motor and the electronic water pump to work, and dissipates heat of the battery module in the corresponding mode; the heat dissipation mode comprises air-cooled heat dissipation, liquid-cooled heat dissipation and air-cooled liquid-cooled combined heat dissipation.
Further, in the air-cooling liquid-cooling combined heat dissipation mode, the BMS obtains the optimal target current i of the driving motor by utilizing a particle swarm algorithm fbest And target current i of electronic water pump ebest And controlling the rotating speed of the cooling fan and the water inlet flow of the cooling liquid.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the prior art, the invention combines two cooling modes of air cooling and liquid cooling, and can select different heat dissipation modes according to the detected temperature; the target current can be obtained through a particle swarm algorithm, the rotating speed of a cooling fan and the inlet flow of cooling liquid can be controlled in real time according to the temperature, and meanwhile, the energy can be effectively saved; the heat dissipation device provided by the invention adopts the bidirectional S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe structure to wrap the single battery for heat dissipation, so that the contact area between the cooling liquid and the surface of the battery is increased, the accumulation of a large amount of heat in the battery box body during high-rate discharge is effectively inhibited, and the battery can be constantly in the optimal temperature range; the upper liquid cooling pipe and the lower liquid cooling pipe adopt the design of the positions of the cooling liquid inlets which are complementary in two directions, so that the problem of uneven heat dissipation caused by the gradual rise of the temperature of the cooling liquid along the flow path can be effectively solved, and the temperature consistency of the battery during working is ensured; the whole device is simple to connect and low in cost, improves the space utilization rate in the narrow battery box body, and improves the heat dissipation performance of the battery module.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a heat dissipation device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an S-shaped coiled liquid cooling tube according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cold air pendulum according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of a battery heat dissipation method according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a substrate; 2-an exhaust fan; 3-a temperature sensor; 4-a water tank; 5-a single battery; 6-battery box body; 7-a cooling fan; 8-installing an S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe; 9-lower an S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe; 801-water inlet A; 802-water outlet B; 901-water inlet B; 902-water outlet A; 10-a water inlet pipe; 11-a water outlet pipe; 12-a flow deflector; 13-bending the rod; 14-a drive link; 15-rotating rod; 16 wind deflector.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the heat dissipation device of the present invention includes a Battery case 6, a heat dissipation assembly, a Battery module disposed in the Battery case 6, and a BMS (Battery Management System) mounted in the Battery case 6.
A plurality of single batteries 5 with battery covers are arranged in a rectangular array in the battery box 6 to form a battery module, and the lower part of the battery box 6 is provided with a substrate 1 for placing the battery module; the part of the surface of the substrate 1, which is not in contact with the single battery 5, is provided with a plurality of through holes, so that heat dissipation is facilitated. The heat dissipation assembly comprises an exhaust fan 2, a temperature sensor 3, a bidirectional S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe, a water tank 4, an electronic water pump, a wind pendulum and a cooling fan 7. The exhaust fan 2 is arranged at the top of the battery box body 6 and is pushed to move by natural wind power to exhaust hot air accumulated at the top of the battery box body 6, so that the circulation of cooling air in the battery box body 6 is facilitated; all be equipped with temperature sensor 3 on each battery cell 5 lateral wall (for the convenience of looking, only drawn a temperature sensor 3 in the figure), temperature sensor 3 and BMS signal connection, the temperature data transfer of the battery cell 5 who will detect is to BMS.
As shown in fig. 2, the bidirectional S-shaped surrounding liquid-cooling pipe body is composed of m semi-cylindrical hollow pipe bodies, m is greater than or equal to 1 and is a positive integer, and the radius of the inner arc is consistent with that of the single battery 5; the bidirectional S-shaped surrounding liquid-cooling pipe comprises an upper S-shaped surrounding liquid-cooling pipe 8 and a lower S-shaped surrounding liquid-cooling pipe 9 which are opposite in surrounding direction; the height of the upper S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe 8 and the height of the lower S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe 9 are both half of the height of the main body of the single battery 5; the upper S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe 8 surrounds and wraps the upper half part of the single battery 5, and the lower S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe 9 surrounds and wraps the lower half part of the single battery 5; the water inlet A801 of the upper S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe 8 and the water outlet A902 of the lower S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe 9 are arranged on one side, the water outlet B802 of the upper S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe 8 and the water inlet B901 of the lower S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe 9 are arranged on one side, and uniform heat dissipation is guaranteed; in the embodiment, the liquid cooling pipe is preferably made of aluminum material, so that the heat dissipation effect is improved. One end of the water inlet pipe 10 penetrates through the battery box body 6 and is divided into two branch pipes (not shown in the figure), the two branch pipes are respectively connected with the water inlet A801 and the water inlet B901, the other end of the water inlet pipe is connected with the electronic water pump, the other end of the electronic water pump is connected with the water tank 4, and the other end of the water tank 4 is connected with the water outlet pipe 11; the other end of the water outlet pipe 11 also penetrates through the battery box body 6 and is divided into two branch pipes (not shown in the figure) which are respectively connected with the water outlet B802 and the water outlet A902; the water inlet pipe 10, the water outlet pipe 11 and the branch pipes are consistent with the shape of the bidirectional S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe; the electronic water pump is also electrically connected with the BMS, so that the flow speed of the cooling water can be conveniently controlled; the electronic water pump comprises an electric pump, and the electric pump can drive the rotary valve to twist to a certain degree, so that the area of the throttling hole is changed, and the flow of the cooling liquid is controlled.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, two cooling fans 7 are fixedly connected to two sides of the bottom of the battery box body 6 through bolts, so that auxiliary heat dissipation is facilitated, the cooling fans 7 are connected with an output shaft of a driving motor, the driving motor is electrically connected with a BMS (battery management system), and the rotating speed of the cooling fans 7 is conveniently controlled. An air pendulum consisting of a plurality of flow deflectors 12 is arranged above the two cooling fans 7, and the flow deflectors 12 are respectively connected with the front part and the rear part of the battery box body 6 through rotating shafts 17 at the two ends; the side edges of the flow deflectors 12 are fixedly connected with bent rods 13, the bent rods 13 are hinged with transmission connecting rods 14, the other ends of the transmission connecting rods 14 penetrate through the battery box body 6 to be connected with rotating rods 15, the rotating rods 15 are connected with stepping motors, and the stepping motors are electrically connected with a BMS; the arrangement of the flow deflectors 12 is convenient for concentrating the air flow blown by the cooling fan 7, increasing the amount of cooling air entering the through hole, and improving the heat flux of the convection heat exchange between the air and the surface of the battery, so that the heat on the surface of the battery can be taken away by the cooling air flow in time to help heat dissipation. A wind baffle 16 is arranged between the wind pendulums at the two sides to prevent the interference generated when the cooling air flows at the left and right sides flow to the middle part of the battery box body simultaneously.
Fig. 4 shows a flowchart of the battery heat dissipation method according to the embodiment, and the specific process is as follows:
step 1: the BMS collects temperature data of the unit batteries 5 transmitted from the temperature sensors 3.
Step 2: BMS is inside to be calculated and to acquire average temperature T, the biggest difference in temperature lambda T of battery box max Rate of temperature rise v T (ii) a The specific calculation formula is as follows:
ΛT max ＝max(T i )-min(T i ) (2)
wherein n represents the number of single batteries; i represents the ith single battery; t is a unit of i Indicating the temperature of the ith unit cell detected by the temperature sensor; t (T + T) 0 ) Represents t + t 0 The battery case temperature at that moment; t (t) represents a battery case temperature at time t; t is t 0 Is the sampling time.
And step 3: the cooling mode is judged in the BMS, and the control device carries out heat dissipation in different forms: when T is less than or equal to k 1 And v is T ≤p 1 During the time, only carry out the forced air cooling heat dissipation, the forced air cooling heat dissipation process does: the BMS controls the driving motor to work, and the driving motor drives the cooling fan 7 to work to cool and radiate the battery module; when k is 1 ＜T＜k 2 Or p 1 ＜v T ＜p 2 During the time, only carry out the liquid cooling heat dissipation, the liquid cooling heat dissipation process is: the BMS controls the electronic water pump to respectively send cooling water in the water tank 4 into a water inlet A801 of the upper S-shaped surrounding liquid-cooling pipe 8 and a water inlet B901 of the lower S-shaped surrounding liquid-cooling pipe 9 through a water inlet pipe 10, liquid-cooling heat dissipation is carried out on the battery module, and then the cooling liquid flows back into the water tank 4 from a water outlet pipe 11; when T is more than or equal to k 2 Or v T ≥p 2 And meanwhile, liquid cooling and air cooling combined heat dissipation are carried out. Wherein k is 1 、k 2 To determine the threshold value for temperature, p 1 、p 2 Determining a threshold for the rate of temperature rise; the threshold value is related to the type of the single battery, the structure of the battery box body and the working condition of the battery.
Step 3.1: when only air cooling heat dissipation is carried out, the BMS sends high and low level pulse signals to the stepping motor, the stepping motor is driven to rotate for a fixed angle according to a set direction, so that the flow deflectors 12 are driven to move, the flow deflectors 12 on the two sides of the wind shielding partition plate 16 swing after being fixed on the left side and the right side of the battery box body for 1s respectively, and swing back immediately after set time is reached, so that circular swing is realized, the heat dissipation effect on the left side and the right side of the battery box body is improved, and the local temperature in the box body is prevented from being overhigh; BMS outputs a driving motor target current i at the same time f And the driving motor is controlled, so that the rotating speed of the cooling fan 7 is controlled in real time according to the temperature of the single battery. Target current i f The acquisition process comprises the following steps: under the current air-cooled heat dissipation working condition, the BMS is continuously changedThe current value input to the driving motor of the cooling fan 7 was acquired, the temperature rise rate and the current temperature of the battery case were collected, and fitted to a functional relationship shown below, where v is T0 For target rate of temperature rise:
v T ＝f 1 (T,i f )＝v T0 (4)
then the motor target current i is driven f Comprises the following steps:
i f ＝f 1 -1 (T,v T0 ) (5)
step 3.2: when only liquid cooling heat dissipation is carried out, BMS control electronic pump carries the cooling water in water tank 4 to the liquid cooling pipe in and dispels the heat to the battery box, and BMS output electronic pump target current i simultaneously e Controlling the water inlet flow of the water inlet of the liquid cooling pipe to obtain a target current i e The acquisition process comprises the following steps: under current liquid cooling heat dissipation operating condition, BMS constantly changes the current value of inputing for electronic water pump, gathers the temperature rise rate and the current temperature of battery box to the functional relation as shown below is fitted into:
v T ＝f 2 (T,i e )＝v T0 (6)
target current i of the electronic water pump e Comprises the following steps:
i e ＝f 2 -1 (T,v T0 ) (7)
step 3.3: when air cooling and liquid cooling combined heat dissipation is carried out, the BMS calculates a target current i of the driving motor by utilizing a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) f And target current i of electronic water pump e And meanwhile, correspondingly controlling the rotating speed of the cooling fan 7 and the inflow rate of the cooling liquid, wherein the specific calculation method comprises the following steps:
step 3.3.1: driving the motor target Current i with the Cooling Fan 7 f And target current i of electronic water pump e Is an optimizing object; initializing the particle swarm, including random position X k And velocity V k (ii) a Denote the kth particle position as X k ＝(X kf ,X ke ) The velocity is represented as V k ＝(V kf ,V ke )。
Step 3.3.2: calculating the overall power of the heat sinkLoss P ═ P f +P e In which P is f 、P e Power loss during air cooling heat dissipation and power loss during liquid cooling heat dissipation respectively:
P f ＝Ui fECU +i f 2 R m (8)
wherein i fECU An ECU is used for driving a motor to wait for working current; r m Equivalent internal resistance of a coil of the driving motor; u is the driving motor working voltage.
P e ＝P J +P v +P h (9)
Wherein, P J Power loss for orifice:
P v for rotary valve losses:
P h the electric loss of the electronic water pump is as follows: p h ＝i e 2 R n +i eECU R el 2 ；
Wherein ρ is water density; q s Outputting the flow for the electronic water pump; k is a radical of ie Driving an electromagnetic torque coefficient of a motor for the electronic water pump; i.e. i e Driving the motor to work current for the electronic water pump; d is the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder; k e Is a flow compensation coefficient; q. q.s p The displacement of the water pump is adopted; n is a flow safety coefficient; k is a radical of formula 10 Is a unit transformation coefficient; c d Is the flow coefficient of the orifice hole; a. the J Is the flow area of the orifice; p is water pressure; a is the opening area of the valve port; r is n Equivalent internal resistance of a coil of a driving motor of the electronic water pump; i all right angle eECU An ECU (electronic control Unit) is used for driving a motor of the electronic water pump to stand by for working current; r is el Is the resistance of the ECU itself.
Step 3.3.3: under the current battery box air-cooling and liquid-cooling coexisting heat dissipation working state, the current value input to the electronic water pump and the current value input to the cooling fan 7 driving motor are continuously changed, the temperature rise rate and the current temperature of the battery are collected, and the temperature rise rate and the current temperature are fitted into a functional relation as shown below:
v T ＝f 3 (i f ,i e ,T) (10)
v T0 ＝f 3 (i f ,i e ,T) (11)
step 3.3.4: taking the overall power loss P of the heat dissipation device obtained in the step 3.3.2 as a fitness function of the PSO, taking the formula (11) in the step 3.3.3 as a constraint condition of the PSO, and calculating a fitness function value P of each particle k (ii) a Store t 1 Best position X found by temporal population of particles best Best position X passed by each particle kbest And the optimum fitness function value P kbest 。
By using X k (t+1)＝X k (t)+V k (t) and V k (t+1)＝V k (t)+c 1 r 1 [X kbest -X k (t)]+c 2 r 2 [X best -X k (t)]And respectively updating the position and the speed of each particle, and ensuring that the speed of each particle meets the following requirements: v ke ∈(i eqs -i emax ,i emax -i eqs )，V ky ∈(i yqs -i ymax ,i ymax -i yqs ) (ii) a Wherein c is 1 、c 2 A positive learning factor; r is a radical of hydrogen 1 、r 2 Random numbers uniformly distributed between 0 and 1; v ke Is i e The particle velocity of (a); v ky Is i y The particle velocity of (a); i.e. i eqs 、i yqs As initial current value, i emax 、i ymax Is the maximum current value.
Step 3.3.5: will be updated t 1 Fitness function value and t of each particle at +1 moment 1 Best position X experienced by each particle at a time kbest The corresponding fitness function value is compared, and if the fitness function value is smaller, the current position is taken as the best position X of the particle kbest 。
Will be updated t 1 Fitness function value of each particle at +1 moment and population particles t 1 Best position X found at a moment best The corresponding fitness function values are compared, if the fitness functionIf the value is smaller, the current position is taken as the best position X found by the particle group best 。
Setting the updating times as b, and outputting X after b times of updating best According to X i ＝(X if ,X ie ) The final optimization objective can be derived: target current i of driving motor fbest And target current i of electronic water pump ebest 。
The above, lower, left, right, front and rear mentioned in the described embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A heat dissipation method of a battery heat dissipation device combining air cooling and liquid cooling is based on the battery heat dissipation device combining air cooling and liquid cooling, and comprises a battery box body (6), a heat dissipation assembly, a battery module and a BMS (battery management system), wherein the heat dissipation assembly comprises a bidirectional S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe surrounding the periphery of a single battery (5) wrapped in the battery module, and the side wall of the single battery (5) is provided with a temperature sensor (3); the water inlet and the water outlet of the liquid cooling pipe are communicated with each other through a water inlet pipe (10), an electronic water pump, a water tank (4) and a water outlet pipe (11) in sequence; the bottom of the battery box body (6) is also provided with a cooling fan (7); the temperature sensor (3) is in signal connection with the BMS, and the cooling fan (7) and the electronic water pump are controlled by the BMS; a base plate (1) for placing the battery module is arranged in the battery box body (6), and a through hole is formed in the surface of the base plate (1); the cooling fans (7) are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the battery box body (6), wind swings formed by flow deflectors (12) are arranged above the cooling fans (7), the flow deflectors (12) are fixed on the battery box body (6) through rotating shafts (17) at two ends, and the flow deflectors (12) can rotate; a wind baffle plate (16) is arranged between the guide vanes (12) at the two sides; the bidirectional S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe body consists of m semi-cylindrical hollow pipe bodies, m is more than or equal to 1 and is a positive integer, and the radius of an inner arc is consistent with that of the single battery (5); the bidirectional S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe comprises an upper S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe (8) and a lower S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe (9) which are opposite in surrounding direction; a water inlet A (801) of the upper S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe (8) and a water outlet A (902) of the lower S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe (9) are arranged on one side; a water outlet B (802) of the upper S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe (8) and a water inlet B (901) of the lower S-shaped surrounding liquid cooling pipe (9) are arranged on one side; an exhaust fan (2) is arranged at the top of the battery box body (6); the method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the BMS collects the temperature data of the single battery (5) transmitted by the temperature sensor (3), judges the corresponding heat dissipation mode according to the temperature data, controls the driving motor and the electronic water pump to work and dissipates heat of the battery module in the corresponding mode; the heat dissipation mode comprises air-cooled heat dissipation, liquid-cooled heat dissipation and air-cooled liquid-cooled combined heat dissipation;
in the air-cooling liquid-cooling combined heat dissipation mode, the BMS obtains the optimal target current i of the driving motor by utilizing the particle swarm algorithm fbest And target current i of electronic water pump ebest Controlling the rotating speed of the cooling fan (7) and the inflow rate of the cooling liquid; the process is as follows:
step 1: the BMS acquires temperature data of the single battery (5) transmitted by the temperature sensor (3);
step 2: BMS is inside to calculate and acquire average temperature T, the biggest difference in temperature lambda T of battery box max Rate of temperature rise v T (ii) a The specific calculation formula is as follows:
ΛT max ＝max(T i )-min(T i ) (2)
wherein n represents the number of single batteries; i represents the ith single battery; t is a unit of i Indicating the temperature of the ith unit cell detected by the temperature sensor; t (T + T) 0 ) Represents t + t 0 The battery case temperature at that moment; t (t) represents the battery case temperature at time t; t is t 0 Is the sampling time;
and step 3: in BMSThe part judges the cooling mode, and the control device carries out heat dissipation of different forms: when T is less than or equal to k 1 And v is T ≤p 1 During the time, only carry out the forced air cooling heat dissipation, the forced air cooling heat dissipation process does: the BMS controls the driving motor to work, and the driving motor drives the cooling fan (7) to work to cool and radiate the battery module; when k is 1 ＜T＜k 2 Or p 1 ＜v T ＜p 2 During the time, only carry out the liquid cooling heat dissipation, the liquid cooling heat dissipation process is: the BMS controls the electronic water pump to respectively send cooling water in the water tank (4) into a water inlet A (801) of an upper S-shaped surrounding liquid-cooling pipe (8) and a water inlet B (901) of a lower S-shaped surrounding liquid-cooling pipe (9) through a water inlet pipe (10), liquid cooling heat dissipation is carried out on the battery module, and then the cooling liquid flows back into the water tank (4) from a water outlet pipe (11); when T is more than or equal to k 2 Or v T ≥p 2 Meanwhile, liquid cooling and air cooling are combined for heat dissipation; wherein k is 1 、k 2 To determine the threshold value for temperature, p 1 、p 2 Determining a threshold for the rate of temperature rise;
step 3.1: when only air cooling heat dissipation is carried out, the BMS sends high and low level pulse signals to the stepping motor, the stepping motor is driven to rotate for a fixed angle according to a set direction, so that the flow deflectors (12) are driven to move, the flow deflectors (12) on the two sides of the wind shielding partition plate (16) are ensured to swing after being fixed for 1s on the left side and the right side of the battery box body respectively, and swing back immediately after set time is reached, so that the circular swing is realized, the heat dissipation effect on the left side and the right side of the battery box body is improved, and the local temperature in the box body is prevented from being overhigh; BMS outputs a driving motor target current i at the same time f The driving motor is controlled, so that the real-time control of the rotating speed of the cooling fan (7) according to the temperature of the single battery is realized; target current i f The acquisition process comprises the following steps: under the current air-cooling heat dissipation working state, the BMS continuously changes the current value input to a driving motor of a cooling fan (7), collects the temperature rise rate and the current temperature of the battery box body, and fits into a functional relation as shown in the specification, wherein v T0 For the target rate of temperature rise:
v T ＝f 1 (T,i f )＝v T0 (4)
then the motor target current i is driven f Comprises the following steps:
i f ＝f 1 -1 (T,v T0 ) (5)
step 3.2: when only liquid cooling heat dissipation is carried out, the BMS controls the electronic water pump to convey cooling water in the water tank (4) to the liquid cooling pipe to dissipate heat of the battery box body, and meanwhile, the BMS outputs a target current i of the electronic water pump e Controlling the water inlet flow of the water inlet of the liquid cooling pipe to obtain a target current i e The acquisition process comprises the following steps: under current liquid cooling heat dissipation operating condition, BMS constantly changes the current value of inputing for electronic pump, gathers the temperature rise rate and the current temperature of battery box to the functional relation as shown below is fit into:
v T ＝f 2 (T,i e )＝v T0 (6)
target current i of the electronic water pump e Comprises the following steps:
i e ＝f 2 -1 (T,v T0 ) (7)
step 3.3: when air cooling and liquid cooling combined heat dissipation are carried out, the BMS calculates the target current i of the driving motor by utilizing the particle swarm optimization PSO f And target current i of electronic water pump e And meanwhile, correspondingly controlling the rotating speed of the cooling fan (7) and the inflow rate of the cooling liquid, wherein the specific calculation method comprises the following steps:
step 3.3.1: driving the motor target current i with the cooling fan (7) f And target current i of electronic water pump e Is an optimizing object; initializing a population of particles, including random location X k And velocity V k (ii) a Let the kth particle position be denoted X k ＝(X kf ,X ke ) Velocity is shown as V k ＝(V kf ,V ke )；
Step 3.3.2: calculating the integral power loss P of the heat sink f +P e In which P is f 、P e Power loss during air-cooled heat dissipation and power loss during liquid-cooled heat dissipation respectively:
P f ＝Ui fECU +i f 2 R m (8)
wherein i fECU An ECU is used for driving a motor to wait for working current; r is m Equivalent internal resistance of a coil of the driving motor; u is driveThe operating voltage of the motor;
P e ＝P J +P v +P h (9)
wherein, P J Power loss for orifice:
P v for rotary valve losses:
P h the electrical loss of the electronic water pump is as follows: p h ＝i e 2 R n +i eECU R el 2 ；
Wherein ρ is water density; q s Outputting the flow for the electronic water pump; k is a radical of ie Driving an electromagnetic torque coefficient of a motor for the electronic water pump; i.e. i e Driving the motor to work current for the electronic water pump; d is the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder; k e Is a flow compensation coefficient; q. q of p The displacement of the water pump is adopted; n is a flow safety coefficient; k is a radical of 10 Is a unit transformation coefficient; c d Is the flow coefficient of the orifice hole; a. the J Is the flow area of the orifice; p is water pressure; a is the opening area of the valve port; r n Equivalent internal resistance of a coil of a driving motor of the electronic water pump; i.e. i eECU An ECU (electronic control Unit) is used for driving a motor of the electronic water pump to stand by for working current; r el Resistance of the ECU itself;
step 3.3.3: under the current battery box air-cooled liquid-cooled coexistence heat dissipation operating condition, constantly change the current value of inputing to electronic water pump and inputing to cooling fan (7) driving motor's current value, gather the temperature rise rate and the current temperature of battery to the functional relation as shown below is fit into:
v T ＝f 3 (i f ,i e ,T) (10)
v T0 ＝f 3 (i f ,i e ,T) (11)
step 3.3.4: taking the overall power loss p of the heat dissipation device obtained in the step 3.3.2 as a fitness function of the PSO, taking the formula (11) in the step 3.3.3 as a constraint condition of the PSO, and calculating the power loss p of each particleFitness function value P k (ii) a Store t 1 Best position X found by temporal population of particles best Best position X passed by each particle kbest And the optimum fitness function value P kbest ；
By using X k (t+1)＝X k (t)+V k (t) and V k (t+1)＝V k (t)+c 1 r 1 [X kbest -X k (t)]+c 2 r 2 [X best -X k (t)]And respectively updating the position and the speed of each particle, and ensuring that the speed of each particle meets the following requirements: v ke ∈(i eqs -i emax ,i emax -i eqs )，V ky ∈(i yqs -i ymax ,i ymax -i yqs ) (ii) a Wherein c is 1 、c 2 A positive learning factor; r is 1 、r 2 Random numbers uniformly distributed between 0 and 1; v ke Is i e The particle velocity of (a); v ky Is i y The particle velocity of (a); i.e. i eqs 、i yqs As initial current value, i emax 、i ymax Is the maximum current value;
step 3.3.5: will be updated t 1 Fitness function value and t of each particle at +1 moment 1 Best position X experienced by each particle at a time kbest The corresponding fitness function values are compared, and if the fitness function value is smaller, the current position is taken as the best position X of the particle kbest ；
Will be updated t 1 Fitness function value of each particle at +1 moment and population particles t 1 Best position X found at a moment best The corresponding fitness function values are compared, and if the fitness function value is smaller, the current position is taken as the best position X found by the particle group best ；
Setting the updating times as b, and outputting X after b times of updating best According to X i ＝(X if ,X ie ) The final optimization objective can be derived: target current i of driving motor fbest And target current i of electronic water pump ebest 。
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| CN111969275A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-11-20 | 广东工业大学 | Liquid cooling combines forced air cooling's battery cooling box |
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| CN113851756B (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2023-06-16 | 中原工学院 | Air-cooling and liquid-cooling hybrid battery thermal management device and thermal management method |
| CN114188635A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-15 | 傲普(上海)新能源有限公司 | Lithium ion battery energy storage system based on Tesla valve heat dissipation |
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| CN114824557A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-29 | 北京科技大学 | Battery package cooling system |
| CN116031540B (en) * | 2023-03-30 | 2023-06-06 | 北京中冠宝新能源科技有限责任公司 | New energy electricity storage equipment and management system thereof |
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