CN111239792A - Side window type penetrating radiation gas detector - Google Patents
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Abstract
A side window type penetrating radiation gas detector, the radiator of the detector is composed of foil material and gasket frame, the foil material is adhered to the gasket frame, then each layer of foil is overlapped together to form a multilayer regular radiator; the gas detector comprises a field cage, a double-layer thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate, an anode plate and a cavity, wherein the field cage is formed by splicing PCB plates, the top surface inside the field cage is a copper-coated cathode plate, copper strips are distributed on the side surface of the field cage at equal intervals, each layer of copper strips are connected through a fixed value resistor, and the cavity and the anode plate are screwed down through screws to form the closed gas detector; the readout electronics system includes a front end board and a back end data acquisition board. The invention can effectively distinguish the signal of the passing radiation photon and carry out energy calibration on the high-energy charged particle. The method has the advantages of easy large-area manufacture, high counting rate and spatial position resolution reaching submillimeter level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gas detector, in particular to a side window type radiation penetrating gas detector, and belongs to the field of particle detection.
Background
The absolute energy scale of the space high-energy cosmic ray experiment energy meter is very important for accurately measuring an energy spectrum, and particularly, the absolute energy scale research work of the TeV energy band cosmic ray is very necessary to be carried out on a space experiment. The penetration Radiation Detector (TRD) can be used for calibrating the energy of the energy measurer in the space experiment, can greatly improve the measurement accuracy of the TeV energy area cosmic ray of the energy measurer, can be applied to the future large-scale space cosmic ray direct detection experiment, and is used as the technical reserve of the future large-scale space experiment.
At present, the penetrating radiation detector is widely applied to high-energy particle physics and astronomical observation experiments, but most of the penetrating radiation detector is used for particle identification. Penetrating radiation photons are generated when a charged particle rapidly crosses an interface between different media, and the species of the particle is resolved by measuring the energy of these photons. At present, the traversing radiation detector mainly comprises a straw pipe gas detector and a multi-wire proportional chamber gas detector. They are detectors with filament chamber structure, and have the problems of complex structure, harsh process, slow time response, limited counting rate, poor spatial position resolution, and easy aging of filament.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a side window type traversing radiation gas detector which can effectively distinguish signals of traversing radiation photons to obtain the energy of the traversing radiation photons and can calibrate the energy of high-energy charged particles. Meanwhile, the device has the advantages of easy large-area manufacturing, high counting rate, firmness, durability and capability of achieving submillimeter-level spatial position resolution.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a side window type penetrating radiation gas detector comprises components including a radiator, a gas detector and a reading electronic system, wherein the specific structure and the connection relation of the components are as follows:
the radiator is composed of a foil material and a gasket frame, the foil material is bonded to the gasket frame, and then each layer of foil is overlapped to form the material stacked regular radiator with different dielectric constants and a multi-layer structure.
The gas detector comprises a field cage, a double-layer thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate, an anode plate and a cavity, wherein the field cage is formed by splicing PCB plates, the top surface inside the field cage is a copper-coated cathode plate, copper strips with equal intervals are distributed on the side surface of the field cage, each layer of copper strips is connected through a fixed value resistor, the cavity and the anode plate form a closed gas detector after being screwed down by screws, a radiator is fixed to the front end of a front window of the cavity of the gas detector by the screws, applying high voltage on a cathode plate of the field cage to form a uniform electric field in the field cage, fixing the field cage and a double-layer thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate on an anode plate in sequence by using a stud, forming a drift region from the cathode plate of the field cage to the upper surface of a first thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate, forming a transition region from the lower surface of the first thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate to the upper surface of a second thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate, and forming an induction region from the lower surface of the second thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate to the anode plate;
when the gas detector works, negative high voltage is loaded onto an electrode of a cathode plate of a field cage, an upper electrode and a lower electrode of a first thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate, and an upper electrode and a lower electrode of a second thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate from high to low, an electric signal on an anode plate is led out from the bottom end of the anode plate, the reading mode of the anode plate is one-dimensional strip reading, the direction of the strip is vertical to the direction of incident particles, the electric signal collected by the anode plate is led out through wiring and is connected with an electronic system through an ERNI connector, and a workpiece gas is filled in the closed gas detector;
the reading electronic system comprises a front end plate and a rear end data acquisition plate, and the front end plate and the rear end data acquisition plate are connected through an optical fiber line. The front end plate mainly comprises an AGET chip, an analog-digital converter and an optical fiber network converter; the back end data acquisition board mainly comprises an optical fiber network converter and an FPGA chip.
The foil material is polypropylene, the gasket frame is a PCB gasket frame, air is selected as a gap material, the polypropylene foil is adhered to the PCB gasket frame by glue, then all layers of foils are overlapped together, and the radiator with a multilayer structure is formed by fixing screws.
The enclosed gas detector is filled with workpiece gas, mainly inert gas and a small amount of quenching gas.
The inert gas filled with the workpiece gas in the closed gas detector is any one of argon, neon or xenon; the quenching gas is any one of isobutane, carbon dioxide, carbon tetrafluoride or dimethyl ether.
The readout mode of the anode plate can also be designed as two-dimensional bar readout and two-dimensional point readout.
Side windows are formed in the front side and the rear side of the chamber, and the windows are formed by adhering thin plastic films to the openings.
The thickness of a drift region formed from the negative plate to the upper surface of the first thick gas electron multiplication film plate is within the range of 5-10 cm, and the thickness of a transition region formed from the lower surface of the first thick gas electron multiplication film plate to the upper surface of the second thick gas electron multiplication film plate is within the range of 2-10 mm; the thickness of the induction zone formed by the lower surface of the second thick gas electron multiplication film plate and the anode plate is within the range of 1-5 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) because the thick gas electron multiplication film plate is used as an electron multiplication device, the thick gas electron multiplication film plate has the advantages of good spatial resolution, high counting rate, easy large-area manufacturing, firmness and durability. Therefore, the side window type penetrating radiation gas detector not only has good spatial resolution and higher upper limit of counting rate, but also improves the service life.
(2) Due to the adoption of the side window incidence design, charged particles horizontally enter to generate penetrating radiation photons. According to the difference of the deposition energy of the charged particles and the distribution of the deposition energy of the X-ray, the signals of the X-ray can be effectively distinguished, the significance of the signals of the X-ray is improved, and the absolute energy calibration of the high-energy charged particles can be realized.
(3) The thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate can be replaced by other micro-structure gas electron multiplication membrane plates such as a gas electron multiplication membrane plate and a micro-grid multiplication membrane plate, and can also be used in a cascade mode. Therefore, the invention can be adjusted according to the type, intensity and energy of the charged particles, thereby meeting the application requirements of penetrating radiation detection in different occasions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a side-window type detector for penetrating radiation according to the present invention.
The notation in the figure means 1-radiator, 2-gas detector, 3-readout electronics system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of a side-window type passage-through radiation gas detector according to the present invention.
The marks in the figure mean a 4-chamber, a 5-field cage, a first thick type gas electron multiplication film plate 6, a second thick type gas electron multiplication film plate 7 and an 8-anode plate.
Fig. 3 is an electrical operating schematic of a side-window type detector for penetrating radiation according to the present invention.
Notation in the figures: the system comprises a 9-detector, a 10-front end plate, a 11-rear end data acquisition plate, a 12-computer, a 13-AGET chip, a 14-charge sensitive amplifier, a 15-filter forming circuit, a 16-discriminator, a 17-FPGA chip, a 18-optical fiber network converter, a 19-optical fiber line, a 20-Ethernet transceiver and a 21-Ethernet line.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a side-window type detector for penetrating radiation gas according to the present invention.
Notation in the figures: 22-cathode plate, 23-side window, 6-thick gas electron multiplier plate A, 7-thick gas electron multiplier plate B, 8-anode plate, 24-radiator, 25-charged particles, 26-X ray, 27-drift region and 28-hole.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the results of measuring 50GeV electrons using a side-window type penetrating radiation gas detector according to the present invention. Wherein (a) is a deposition energy distribution with only 50GeV electron energy loss; (b) is the deposition energy and through radiation photon energy distribution of the 50GeV electron energy loss.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the drawings and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the side-window type through radiation gas detector according to the present invention includes a radiator 1, a gas detector 2, and a readout electronics system 3. The concrete structure and the connection relation are as follows:
the radiator 1 is a multilayer regular radiator formed by stacking a plurality of layers of materials with different dielectric constants, wherein polypropylene is selected as a foil material, and air is selected as an interstitial material. The polypropylene foil is adhered to the PCB gasket frame by glue, and then each layer of foil is overlapped together and fixed by screws to form a radiator with a multilayer structure.
The gas detector 2 comprises a chamber 4, a field cage 5, a first thick gas electron multiplication film plate 6, a second thick gas electron multiplication film plate 7 and an anode plate 8, wherein the field cage 5 is formed by splicing five PCB plates, the top surface inside the field cage 5 is a cathode plate 22 covered with copper, four side surfaces are provided with copper strips at equal intervals, and each layer of copper strips is connected through a fixed value resistor. When the electric field generating device works, a high voltage is applied to the cathode plate 22 of the field cage 5 to form a uniform electric field in the field cage 5. Fixing the field cage 5, the first thick gas electron multiplication film plate 6 and the second thick gas electron multiplication film plate 7 on the anode plate 8 in sequence by using studs, so that a drift region 27 is formed from the cathode plate of the field cage 5 to the upper surface of the first thick gas electron multiplication film plate 6, and the thickness of the drift region is within the range of 5-10 cm; a transition region 29 is formed from the lower surface of the first thick gas electron multiplication film plate 6 to the upper surface of the second thick gas electron multiplication film plate 7, and the thickness of the transition region is within the range of 2-10 mm; the sensing area 30 is formed from the lower surface of the second thick gas electron multiplication film plate 7 to the anode plate 8, and the thickness of the sensing area is within the range of 1-5 mm. The chamber 4 and the anode plate 8 are screwed to form a closed gas detector. Side windows 23 are formed in both the side front and side rear faces of the chamber 4, and the windows are formed by adhering thin plastic films to the openings. The radiator 1 is fixed to the front end of the front window of the gas detector chamber through screws.
When the device works, negative high voltage is loaded on a cathode plate electrode of a field cage, an upper electrode of a first thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate 6, a lower electrode of the first thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate 6, an upper electrode of a second thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate 7 and a lower electrode of the second thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate 7 from high to low, and an electric signal on an anode plate 8 is led out from the bottom end. The reading mode of the anode plate 8 is one-dimensional strip reading, and the direction of the strip is vertical to the direction of incident particles. The electric signal collected by the anode plate 8 is led out through the wiring and is connected with the electronic system through the ERNI connector. The readout mode of the anode plate 8 can also be designed as two-dimensional bar readout and two-dimensional spot readout.
The sealed gas detector is filled with workpiece gas, the working gas is mainly inert gas, and a small amount of quenching gas is added. The inert gas can be any one of argon, neon and xenon; the quenching gas can be any one of isobutane, carbon dioxide, carbon tetrafluoride and dimethyl ether.
The readout electronics system 3 comprises a front end plate 10 and a back end data acquisition plate 11. The front end plate 10 mainly comprises an AGET chip 13; the back-end data acquisition board 11 mainly has an FPGA chip 17 and a fiber network converter 18. The front end plate 10 and the rear end data collection plate 11 are connected by an optical fiber cable 19. The detector 9 is connected with the front end plate 10 in a direct insertion mode through hard connection. The back end data acquisition board 11 is connected with the computer 12 through an Ethernet cable 21. The fiber optic thread 19 may be directly incorporated into the optical fiber network converter 18. The ethernet cable 21 may be plugged directly into the ethernet transceiver 20 and the computer 12. The AGET chip 13, the charge sensitive amplifier 14, the filtering imaging circuit 15, the discriminator 16, the FPGA chip 17 and the optical fiber network converter 18 in the front end plate 10 are connected through circuit lines printed inside the front end plate 10. The optical fiber network converter 18, the FPGA chip 17 and the ethernet transceiver 20 in the back-end data acquisition board 11 are connected by internal circuit lines printed on the back-end data acquisition board.
The working principle and the process are as follows:
when the energetic charged particles generate traversing radiation x by the radiator, the charged particles 25 and x-rays 26 pass through the chamber window 23 into the drift region 27, as shown in fig. 4. For charged particles, the charged particles have ionization interaction with gas, the energy loss of the charged particles is in a minimum ionization region, and electrons are generated on a path of the charged particles; for X-ray 26, photoelectrons are generated by photoelectric effect with gas, the photoelectrons ionize with gas to generate electrons, and the energy of the X-ray is totally deposited. The electrons float into the holes 28 of the first thick gas electron multiplication film plate 6 and the second thick gas electron multiplication film plate 7 under the action of the electric field of the drift region 27, and are multiplied and amplified by the first thick gas electron multiplication film plate 6 and the second thick gas electron multiplication film plate 7. The amplified electrons drift to the anode under the action of the electric field in the induction area, and an electronic signal is induced on the anode.
The anode electrical signal is directed from the anode plate 8 to the front end plate 10 of the readout electronics system 3. The signal received by the front end plate 10 is transmitted to the AGET chip 13, the signal is processed by the charge sensitive amplifier 14, the filter forming circuit 15 and the discriminator 16 in sequence to derive an analog signal, the analog signal is transmitted to the FPGA chip 17 after model digital conversion, the digital signal is transmitted to the FPGA chip 17 of the rear end data acquisition plate 11 by the optical fiber line 19 after data packing to carry out data integration and packing, and finally the digital signal is transmitted to the computer 12 by the Ethernet line 21.
The deposition energy distribution of the charged particles and the X-rays on the anode plate is different according to the energy loss of the charged particles and the X-rays on the gas detector. 50GeV electrons are used as a high-energy charged particle source, and penetrating radiation X rays are generated after passing through a radiator. As shown in fig. 5(a), the X-ray does not deposit energy in the gas detector, and only the electron energy loses the deposited energy. Because the energy loss of high-energy electrons is in the minimum ionization region, the energy deposited on each path of the anode plate 8 is smaller and more uniform; as shown in fig. 5(b), the X-ray deposits energy in the gas detector, and there is electron energy that can damage the deposited energy. Because the energy loss of the X-ray is larger but the energy is less, on the basis of the energy of electron energy loss deposition, adjacent channels in a certain area of the anode plate 8 have larger energy distribution. Through the situation, the side window type penetrating radiation gas detector can well distinguish the energy of charged particles from the energy of X rays.
The invention relates to a side window type penetrating radiation gas detector which mainly utilizes the characteristics of high spatial resolution, easy large-area manufacturing, firmness and durability of a thick gas electron multiplication film plate; by adopting the design scheme of a side window incidence mode, the side window type penetrating radiation gas detector has excellent penetrating radiation detection performance, and the energy calibration of high-energy charged particles is realized.
Claims (7)
1. A side window type penetrating radiation gas detector comprises a radiating body, a gas detector and a reading electronic system, and is characterized in that the specific structure and the connection relation of the components are as follows:
the radiator is composed of a foil material and a gasket frame, the foil material is bonded on the gasket frame, then each layer of foil is overlapped together to form the regular radiator with a multilayer structure stacked by materials with different dielectric constants,
the gas detector comprises a field cage, a double-layer thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate, an anode plate and a cavity, wherein the field cage is formed by splicing PCB plates, the top surface inside the field cage is a copper-coated cathode plate, copper strips with equal intervals are distributed on the side surface of the field cage, each layer of copper strips is connected through a fixed value resistor, the cavity and the anode plate form a closed gas detector after being screwed down by screws, a radiator is fixed to the front end of a front window of the cavity of the gas detector by the screws, applying high voltage on a cathode plate of the field cage to form a uniform electric field in the field cage, fixing the field cage and a double-layer thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate on an anode plate in sequence by using a stud, forming a drift region from the cathode plate of the field cage to the upper surface of a first thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate, forming a transition region from the lower surface of the first thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate to the upper surface of a second thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate, and forming an induction region from the lower surface of the second thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate to the anode plate;
when the gas detector works, negative high voltage is loaded onto an electrode of a cathode plate of a field cage, an upper electrode and a lower electrode of a first thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate, and an upper electrode and a lower electrode of a second thick gas electron multiplication membrane plate from high to low, an electric signal on an anode plate is led out from the bottom end of the anode plate, the reading mode of the anode plate is one-dimensional strip reading, the direction of the strip is vertical to the direction of incident particles, the electric signal collected by the anode plate is led out through wiring and is connected with an electronic system through an ERNI connector, and a workpiece gas is filled in the closed gas detector;
the electronic reading system comprises a front end plate and a rear end data acquisition plate, wherein the front end plate and the rear end data acquisition plate are connected through an optical fiber line, the front end plate is mainly provided with an AGET chip, an analog-digital converter and an optical fiber network converter, and the rear end data acquisition plate is mainly provided with an optical fiber network converter and an FPGA chip.
2. The side-window type through radiation gas detector according to claim 1, wherein the foil material is selected from polypropylene, the spacer frame is selected from a PCB spacer frame, air is selected as a gap material, the polypropylene foil is adhered to the PCB spacer frame by glue, and then each layer of foil is stacked together and fixed by screws to form a radiator with a multi-layer structure.
3. The side-window type radiation-penetrating gas detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein said sealed gas detector is filled with a workpiece gas, mainly an inert gas, and a small amount of quenching gas.
4. The side-window type passing through radiation gas detector as claimed in claim 3, wherein the inert gas filled with the workpiece gas in the closed gas detector is any one of argon, neon or xenon; the quenching gas is any one of isobutane, carbon dioxide, carbon tetrafluoride or dimethyl ether.
5. The side-window type traversing radiation gas detector according to claim 1, wherein the readout mode of the anode plate block can be further designed as two-dimensional bar readout and two-dimensional point readout.
6. A side-window type through radiation gas detector according to claim 1, wherein the chamber is open on both the front and rear sides, and the window is formed by a thin plastic film adhered to the opening.
7. The side-window type penetrating radiation gas detector as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the drift region formed from the cathode plate to the upper surface of the first thick gas electron multiplication film plate is in the range of 5-10 cm, and the thickness of the transition region formed from the lower surface of the first thick gas electron multiplication film plate to the upper surface of the second thick gas electron multiplication film plate is in the range of 2-10 mm; the thickness of the induction zone formed by the lower surface of the second thick gas electron multiplication film plate and the anode plate is within the range of 1-5 mm.
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| CN202010043941.9A CN111239792B (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Side window type crossing radiation gas detector |
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| CN113433581A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-24 | 中国科学技术大学 | Low-background alpha and beta ray detection device |
| CN113552612A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-10-26 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A field cage for time projection ionization chamber |
| WO2022267105A1 (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-12-29 | 中国科学技术大学 | Gas detector fabrication method, gas detector, and ray detection device |
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| CN113552612A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-10-26 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | A field cage for time projection ionization chamber |
| CN113433581A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2021-09-24 | 中国科学技术大学 | Low-background alpha and beta ray detection device |
| WO2022267105A1 (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-12-29 | 中国科学技术大学 | Gas detector fabrication method, gas detector, and ray detection device |
| GB2621954A (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2024-02-28 | Univ Science & Technology China | Gas detector fabrication method, gas detector, and ray detection device |
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