CN111239574A - Differential high-frequency current sensor for series arc fault signal acquisition - Google Patents
Differential high-frequency current sensor for series arc fault signal acquisition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于串联电弧故障信号采集的差分式高频电流传感器，包括壳体（6），所述壳体（6）内设有磁环（1）和绕设于磁环（1）上的二次绕组（2），所述壳体（6）上开设有从磁环（1）中部穿过的一次导体穿孔（4），以让差分式一次载流导体穿过，所述壳体（6）上开设有输出端子出线槽（3），以让二次绕组（2）的输出端子（5）穿出。该传感器有利于提高串联电弧故障信号采集的准确性、可靠性和安全性。
The invention relates to a differential high-frequency current sensor used for series arc fault signal acquisition, comprising a casing (6), wherein a magnetic ring (1) and a magnetic ring (1) wound around the magnetic ring (1) are arranged in the casing (6). ) on the secondary winding (2), the casing (6) is provided with a primary conductor through hole (4) passing through the middle of the magnetic ring (1) to allow the differential primary current-carrying conductor to pass through, the The casing (6) is provided with an output terminal outlet slot (3) to allow the output terminal (5) of the secondary winding (2) to pass through. The sensor is beneficial to improve the accuracy, reliability and safety of series arc fault signal acquisition.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电子传感器件领域，具体涉及一种用于串联电弧故障信号采集的差分式高频电流传感器。The invention relates to the field of electronic sensing devices, in particular to a differential high-frequency current sensor used for series arc fault signal acquisition.
背景技术Background technique
低压配电线路中，正常状态的稳态电流可达数安甚至几十安，频率为工频50Hz，而通过实验发现，当串联电弧故障发生时，电流幅值基本不发生变化，但电弧电流中含有丰富的噪声，其频率可达几十kHz甚至MHz以上。由此看出，采集故障发生时电弧电流高频信号，可以作为电弧故障发生的依据。在低压配电网的串联故障电弧检测中，为了检测电弧发生时的电流的高频噪声，需要选用能够采集暂态、高频电流信号的电流传感器。传统的采用硅钢材料制成的电流互感器适用于工频范围内的电流信号的采集，但无法用于高频电流信号的采集。高频电流传感器能够采集低功率小电流高频信号，但对于电流较大的低压配电线路，高频电流传感器的磁芯容易产生饱和现象，致使输出信号失真，传遍特性变差。为了避免饱和现象，通常采用增大磁芯内外径，增大体积，磁芯开气隙等方法减小磁芯内部磁通的大小，这限制了高频电流传感器的应用范围。In the low-voltage distribution line, the steady-state current in the normal state can reach several amperes or even tens of amperes, and the frequency is 50Hz of the power frequency. It is found through experiments that when a series arc fault occurs, the current amplitude basically does not change, but the arc current It is rich in noise, and its frequency can reach several tens of kHz or even above MHz. It can be seen from this that collecting the high-frequency signal of the arc current when the fault occurs can be used as the basis for the occurrence of the arc fault. In the series arc fault detection of low-voltage distribution network, in order to detect the high-frequency noise of the current when the arc occurs, it is necessary to select a current sensor that can collect transient and high-frequency current signals. The traditional current transformer made of silicon steel material is suitable for the collection of current signals in the power frequency range, but cannot be used for the collection of high-frequency current signals. High-frequency current sensors can collect low-power, low-current high-frequency signals, but for low-voltage distribution lines with large currents, the magnetic core of high-frequency current sensors is prone to saturation, resulting in distortion of the output signal and poor propagation characteristics. In order to avoid the saturation phenomenon, methods such as increasing the inner and outer diameter of the magnetic core, increasing the volume, and opening the air gap of the magnetic core are usually used to reduce the size of the magnetic flux inside the magnetic core, which limits the application range of the high-frequency current sensor.
现有的用于串联故障电弧电流信号采集的方法存在如下缺点及不足：（1）分流器需要串联接入被测线路中，采集到的信号为全频段范围内的电流信号，需要增加信号调理电路对信号进行滤波，得到高频故障电弧信号，该方法增加了硬件成本，且由于分流器与被测线路没有电气隔离，可能存在安全问题，危害操作人员和测量仪表的安全。（2）电磁式电流互感器本质是一个变压器，一次侧需要串接在被测电路中，且二次侧不能开路，互感器与被测电路也没有电气隔离，依然无法确保人身和仪表安全问题。（3）霍尔效应传感器性能稳定可靠，可以测量直流、交流和复杂的电流波形，原副边电气隔离。但测量带宽较窄，存在较大的响应时间，温漂大，测量高频时，涡流损耗大，不适于高频故障电流信号的测量。（4）空心罗氏线圈线性度好、带宽可到MHz，不会出现磁芯饱和问题，是理想的高频电流传感器。但空心罗氏线圈由于不存在铁磁磁芯，其空气磁芯相对磁导率约为1，二次绕组的感应电压很小，导致测量的灵敏度很低，通常该传感器适用于高频大电流测量场合，而很少用于低压配电网故障电弧检测。（5）为了增大输出响应，大多数使用的是磁芯罗氏线圈。根据前述低压配电网串联故障电弧的电弧电流的特点，可以考虑采用高频磁性材料作为传感器磁芯，由于高频磁材料相对磁导率是真空磁导率的几十倍甚至几千倍，二次绕组的感应电压可以满足测量需要。磁芯罗氏线圈虽然比空心罗氏线圈响应大很多，但由于磁芯罗氏线圈的磁芯饱和问题，限制了这种传感器的应用场合。高频磁芯的饱和磁感应强度一般较低，如果被测电流过大而使磁芯工作点进入磁化曲线的饱和区，磁芯的磁导率将急剧下降，失去传感效果。（6）电弧故障电流互感器需要安装在干路上，当小功率负载支路并联由大功率负载时，如果小功率负载支路发生电弧故障，含有高频噪声小电流会被大功率负载的大电流屏蔽掉，常用的电流互感器很难解决该问题。The existing methods for collecting arc fault current signals in series have the following shortcomings and deficiencies: (1) The shunt needs to be connected to the line under test in series, and the collected signals are current signals in the full frequency range, and signal conditioning needs to be added. The circuit filters the signal to obtain a high-frequency fault arc signal. This method increases the hardware cost, and since the shunt is not electrically isolated from the circuit under test, there may be safety problems, which endanger the safety of operators and measuring instruments. (2) The electromagnetic current transformer is essentially a transformer, the primary side needs to be connected in series in the circuit under test, and the secondary side cannot be opened, and the transformer and the circuit under test are not electrically isolated, which still cannot ensure the safety of people and instruments. . (3) The Hall effect sensor has stable and reliable performance, can measure DC, AC and complex current waveforms, and the primary and secondary sides are electrically isolated. However, the measurement bandwidth is narrow, the response time is large, the temperature drift is large, and the eddy current loss is large when measuring high frequency, which is not suitable for the measurement of high frequency fault current signals. (4) The hollow Rogowski coil has good linearity, the bandwidth can reach MHz, and there is no magnetic core saturation problem. It is an ideal high-frequency current sensor. However, due to the absence of a ferromagnetic core in the hollow Rogowski coil, the relative permeability of the air core is about 1, and the induced voltage of the secondary winding is very small, resulting in a low measurement sensitivity. Usually, this sensor is suitable for high-frequency high-current measurement. However, it is rarely used for arc fault detection in low-voltage distribution networks. (5) In order to increase the output response, most of the magnetic core Rogowski coils are used. According to the characteristics of the arc current of the series fault arc in the low-voltage distribution network, it can be considered to use high-frequency magnetic materials as the sensor core. The induced voltage of the secondary winding can meet the measurement needs. Although the magnetic core Rogowski coil has a much larger response than the air core Rogowski coil, the application of this sensor is limited due to the core saturation problem of the magnetic core Rogowski coil. The saturation magnetic induction intensity of the high-frequency magnetic core is generally low. If the measured current is too large and the operating point of the magnetic core enters the saturation region of the magnetization curve, the magnetic permeability of the magnetic core will drop sharply and the sensing effect will be lost. (6) The arc fault current transformer needs to be installed on the main road. When the low-power load branch is connected in parallel with the high-power load, if an arc fault occurs in the low-power load branch, the small current containing high-frequency noise will be blocked by the high-power load. The current is shielded, and the commonly used current transformer is difficult to solve this problem.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于串联电弧故障信号采集的差分式高频电流传感器，该传感器有利于提高串联电弧故障信号采集的准确性、可靠性和安全性。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a differential high-frequency current sensor for collecting series arc fault signals, which is beneficial to improve the accuracy, reliability and safety of series arc fault signal collecting.
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案是：一种用于串联电弧故障信号采集的差分式高频电流传感器，包括壳体（6），所述壳体（6）内设有磁环（1）和绕设于磁环（1）上的二次绕组（2），所述壳体（6）上开设有从磁环（1）中部穿过的一次导体穿孔（4），以让差分式一次载流导体穿过，所述壳体（6）上开设有输出端子出线槽（3），以让二次绕组（2）的输出端子（5）穿出。In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is: a differential high-frequency current sensor for collecting arc fault signals in series, comprising a casing (6), and a magnetic ring (1) is arranged in the casing (6). ) and the secondary winding (2) wound on the magnetic ring (1), the housing (6) is provided with a primary conductor through hole (4) passing through the middle of the magnetic ring (1), so that the differential The primary current-carrying conductor passes through, and the casing (6) is provided with an output terminal outlet slot (3) to allow the output terminal (5) of the secondary winding (2) to pass through.
进一步地，所述一次导体穿孔（4）包括平行设置的两个贯穿孔，以在使用时同时穿过零线和火线。Further, the primary conductor through hole (4) includes two through holes arranged in parallel, so as to pass through the neutral wire and the live wire at the same time in use.
进一步地，所述磁环（1）为由高频软磁材料制成的高频磁环，所述磁环被一次载流导体上的被测电流磁化，随着被测电流的交变而交变。Further, the magnetic ring (1) is a high-frequency magnetic ring made of high-frequency soft magnetic material, the magnetic ring is magnetized by the measured current on the primary current-carrying conductor, and changes with the change of the measured current. Alternating.
进一步地，所述二次绕组（2）的缠绕角度小于360°，即未绕满所述磁环（1）。Further, the winding angle of the secondary winding (2) is less than 360°, that is, the magnetic ring (1) is not fully wound.
进一步地，所述输出端子出线槽（3）开设于外壳（6）下方，所述输出端子（5）穿出后连接采样电阻，输出采样信号。Further, the output terminal outlet slot (3) is opened under the casing (6), and the output terminal (5) is connected to a sampling resistor after passing through to output a sampling signal.
进一步地，所述磁环（1）与壳体（6）之间填充环氧树脂或热塑性材料，以将传感器浇注成型。Further, epoxy resin or thermoplastic material is filled between the magnetic ring (1) and the housing (6) to mold the sensor.
进一步地，所述差分式高频电流传感器应用于所要保护线路区段的干路上。Further, the differential high-frequency current sensor is applied to the trunk of the line section to be protected.
相较于现有技术，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
（1）该传感器采用差分式穿线方式来采集电弧电流的高频信号，即火线和零线同时穿过互感器，这样可以使绝大多数电流产生的磁场抵消，磁芯中的剩余磁通（磁链）很小，磁芯始终工作在低磁通密度状态，不会出现磁芯饱和问题，解决了高频电流互感器在低压配电网电弧故障检测中因电流过大而产生的磁芯饱和问题。(1) The sensor adopts the differential threading method to collect the high-frequency signal of the arc current, that is, the live wire and the neutral wire pass through the transformer at the same time, so that the magnetic field generated by most of the current can be cancelled, and the residual magnetic flux in the magnetic core ( Magnetic linkage) is very small, the magnetic core always works in a low magnetic flux density state, and there is no magnetic core saturation problem, which solves the magnetic core caused by excessive current in the arc fault detection of low-voltage distribution network by high-frequency current transformers. saturation problem.
（2）该传感器与被测电路实现了电气隔离，仅依靠磁耦合原理，即可将串联电弧故障发生时的一次侧载流导体的高频信号转换成电压采集输出，避免了传统的分流器、电磁式电流互感器与被测电路连接而带来的对操作人员和测量仪表的安全问题。(2) The sensor is electrically isolated from the circuit under test, and only relying on the principle of magnetic coupling, the high-frequency signal of the current-carrying conductor on the primary side when a series arc fault occurs can be converted into a voltage acquisition output, avoiding the traditional shunt. , The safety of the operator and the measuring instrument caused by the connection between the electromagnetic current transformer and the circuit under test.
（3）将该传感器应用于采集串联故障电弧发生时的高频电流信号，有效地解决了单一性负载和大多数大功率屏蔽性负载的串联故障电弧辨别问题，避免了传统利用电流互感器采集故障发生时的低频电流信号所导致的误判和漏判问题。(3) The sensor is applied to collect high-frequency current signals when a series arc fault occurs, effectively solving the problem of identifying series arc faults for single loads and most high-power shielding loads, avoiding the traditional use of current transformers to collect The problem of misjudgment and missed judgment caused by the low-frequency current signal when the fault occurs.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例的结构示意图（去掉前盖）。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention (with the front cover removed).
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
本发明提供了一种用于串联电弧故障信号采集的差分式高频电流传感器，应用于所要保护线路区段的干路上，如图1所示，包括壳体6，所述壳体6内设有磁环1和绕设于磁环1上的二次绕组2，所述壳体6上开设有从磁环1中部穿过的一次导体穿孔4，以让差分式一次载流导体穿过，所述壳体6上开设有输出端子出线槽3，以让二次绕组2的输出端子5穿出。在本实施例中，壳体6由主壳体和前盖组成，图1是该传感器去掉前盖后的结构示意图。The present invention provides a differential high-frequency current sensor for collecting arc fault signals in series, which is applied to the trunk of the line section to be protected, as shown in FIG. There is a
所述差分式一次载流导体具有两根载流导体，其上电流等值反向，两根载流导体垂直穿过传感器，两根载流导体的偏心距影响传感器一次导体和二次绕组的互感。所述一次导体穿孔4包括平行设置的两个贯穿孔，以在使用时同时穿过零线和火线，即差分式一次载流导体的两根载流导体。The differential primary current-carrying conductor has two current-carrying conductors, on which the currents are equal in opposite directions, the two current-carrying conductors pass through the sensor vertically, and the eccentricity of the two current-carrying conductors affects the sensor primary conductor and the secondary winding. mutual inductance. The
在本实施例中，所述磁环1为由满足带宽要求的高频软磁材料制成的高频磁环，所述磁环被一次载流导体上的被测电流磁化，随着被测电流的交变而交变。所述高频软磁材料可以是铁氧体、磁粉芯等。所述二次绕组2采用铜芯漆包线，其缠绕角度介于0°和360°之间，即未绕满所述磁环1，较佳值为180°，但不局限于该角度，用于随着磁环上的交变磁通产生感应电压。所述磁环1与壳体6之间填充环氧树脂或热塑性材料这类容易固化的绝缘材料，以将传感器浇注成型。In this embodiment, the
所述输出端子出线槽3开设于外壳6下方，所述输出端子5穿出后连接采样电阻，输出采样信号。从输出端子出线槽3引出的双输出端子5上并接无感或低感采样电阻，以减小采样电阻自身电感对传感器输出响应的影响。The output
在本发明的其他实施例中，还可以在传感器垂直截面两侧安装环形金属片，作为屏蔽罩，以避免可能的外界磁场干扰。In other embodiments of the present invention, annular metal sheets may also be installed on both sides of the vertical section of the sensor as a shield to avoid possible external magnetic field interference.
本发明的差分式高频电流传感器，克服了空心罗氏线圈响应小、磁芯罗氏线圈饱和问题，使得二次绕组输出响应较大，磁芯不会饱和。该传感器还能克服大功率负载对小功率故障支路造成的故障信号屏蔽问题。该传感器能够有效用于低压配电网的串联故障电弧信号的采集，且不需要后续信号调理电路（积分器、滤波电路），对硬件要求低，有效地降低了成本。The differential high-frequency current sensor of the present invention overcomes the problems of small response of the hollow Rogowski coil and saturation of the magnetic core Rogowski coil, so that the output response of the secondary winding is large, and the magnetic core is not saturated. The sensor can also overcome the fault signal shielding problem caused by the high-power load on the low-power faulty branch. The sensor can be effectively used for the acquisition of series fault arc signals in low-voltage distribution networks, and does not require subsequent signal conditioning circuits (integrators, filter circuits), has low hardware requirements, and effectively reduces costs.
以上是本发明的较佳实施例，凡依本发明技术方案所作的改变，所产生的功能作用未超出本发明技术方案的范围时，均属于本发明的保护范围。The above are the preferred embodiments of the present invention, all changes made according to the technical solutions of the present invention, when the resulting functional effects do not exceed the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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