CN111239039A - Method for measuring surface layer deposition rate of coastal wetland - Google Patents
Method for measuring surface layer deposition rate of coastal wetland Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the sedimentation rate of a surface layer of a coastal wetland, which solves the problem of low precision of the conventional method for measuring the sedimentation rate of the surface layer of the coastal wetland. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting a monitoring sample plot; secondly, setting a horizontal mark layer; and thirdly, calculating the sedimentation rate of the surface layer of the coastal wetland. The method can accurately measure and calculate the surface layer deposition rate of the coastal wetland in any time period according to the requirement, not only can accurately monitor the surface layer deposition rate for nearly 1 year, but also can monitor the surface layer deposition rate for many years, and the monitoring precision can reach the millimeter scale.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring the deposition rate of a surface layer.
Background
The coastal wetland is an ecological transition zone of sea-land boundary, and plays an important role in regulating and storing flood, resisting storm surge, regulating climate, fixing carbon, maintaining biodiversity, providing production and living resources for human beings and the like. However, the global sea level is directly increased by the sea temperature rise and glaciers melting caused by climate warming. The publication of Chinese sea level in 2018 shows that in 1980 and 2018, the rising rate of the sea level in the coastal region of China is 3.3mm/a, which is higher than the global average level in the same period. The coastal wetland is extremely sensitive to the rise of sea level caused by climate warming, and the rise of the sea level directly causes the submergence and the degradation of the coastal wetland.
Whether the coastal wetland can successfully deal with the threat of sea level rise depends on whether the ground elevation of the coastal wetland can keep up with the constantly rising sea level. The surface layer deposition process of the coastal wetland caused by the input of external silt is one of the main processes for regulating and controlling the elevation change of the ground of the coastal wetland, so the surface layer deposition rate of the coastal wetland needs to be accurately measured at an annual scale in order to meet the demand of the coastal wetland for researching the vulnerability of the coastal level rise. The annual change of the sea level rise and the coastal wetland surface layer deposition rate is very small, and the annual average change rate of the sea level rise and the coastal wetland surface layer deposition rate is millimeter scale. However, the current research methods and means cannot meet the above research needs. For example, sporopollens and137Cs、210pb and14c, a year-measuring method and other nuclide tracing technologies are suitable for estimating the deposition rate of a sediment in a historical period of ten thousand years or hundred years, but the current high-precision real-time monitoring on the annual time scale of the deposition rate of the surface layer of the coastal wetland cannot be realized. The sedimentary disk method can estimate the sedimentation rate of wetland sediments, but has low precision, is easy to overestimate the sedimentation rate of the sediments and can damage the native vegetation in the monitored area. The existing methods cannot meet the requirement of high-precision research on the annual-scale coastal wetland surface sediment deposition rate, and a method capable of accurately monitoring the annual-scale coastal wetland surface sediment deposition rate in millimeter scale is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for measuring the surface deposition rate of a coastal wetland, aiming at solving the problem of low precision of the conventional method for measuring the surface deposition rate of the coastal wetland.
The method for measuring the surface layer deposition rate of the coastal wetland comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting 2-4 square areas with the length of 1-3 meters and the width of 1-3 meters as monitoring sample plots in an area to be monitored, wherein the interval of each monitoring sample plot is more than or equal to 10 meters;
secondly, selecting four squares with the side length of 0.2-0.4 m in each detection sample plot in the step one, setting a mark on each square, and then laying powder with the thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm on each square to serve as a horizontal mark layer;
and thirdly, completely taking out the soil at the square part containing the horizontal mark layer in the step two in the vertical direction according to the time interval of the annual scale, then measuring the vertical distance from the horizontal mark layer to the upper surface of the taken-out soil, and calculating the average value of all the vertical distances, namely the sedimentation rate of the surface layer of the coastal wetland.
The method comprises the steps of measuring the surface layer deposition rate of the coastal wetland at the time interval of the annual scale, namely measuring the surface layer deposition amount actually generated each year, namely the surface layer deposition rate of the year; the method is used for measuring the sedimentation rate of the surface layer of the coastal wetland, the soil containing the horizontal marker layer can be placed back to the original position after the sedimentation rate of the first annual scale is measured, and the surface layer sedimentation rate of the next annual scale is monitored. By using the method, the surface layer deposition rate of the coastal wetland in any time period can be accurately measured and calculated according to the requirement, the surface layer deposition rate of nearly 1 year can be accurately monitored, the surface layer deposition rate of many years can also be monitored, the monitoring precision can reach a millimeter scale, and the method has high precision.
In addition, the horizontal marker layer arranged in the invention only lays a layer of powder on the surface layer of the ground in the square area, and does not need to remove or destroy any native plant and also does not hinder the growth of the original wetland surface plant; during each monitoring, after soil measurement is finished, the soil is placed at the original sampling position again, original soil and vegetation in a monitoring area cannot be damaged, and the growth of plants in the area to be monitored cannot be influenced by the method.
The detection method has the advantages of high precision, simple operation, good practicability and easy popularization and use.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a monitoring plot in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the deposition of a skin layer in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the soil in example 1.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for measuring the sedimentation rate of the surface layer of the coastal wetland in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting 2-4 square areas with the length of 1-3 meters and the width of 1-3 meters as monitoring sample plots in an area to be monitored, wherein the interval of each monitoring sample plot is more than or equal to 10 meters;
secondly, selecting four squares with the side length of 0.2-0.4 m in each detection sample plot in the step one, setting a mark on each square, and then laying powder with the thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm on each square to serve as a horizontal mark layer;
and thirdly, completely taking out the soil at the square part containing the horizontal mark layer in the step two in the vertical direction according to the time interval of the annual scale, then measuring the vertical distance from the horizontal mark layer to the upper surface of the taken-out soil, and calculating the average value of all the vertical distances, namely the sedimentation rate of the surface layer of the coastal wetland.
In the first step of the embodiment, a representative hydrological geomorphic region can be selected in the coastal wetland to be monitored according to the requirement of the selected sample plot; the monitoring sample plot is generally positioned in a hydrological and landform area which is positioned in a central position in the coastal wetland to be monitored, and the hydrological processes such as river hydrology, sediment input, ocean tide and the like and material input conditions of the area are relatively consistent.
The time interval of the annual scale in step one of the present embodiment is generally one year.
The annual time interval of the embodiment is used for measuring the surface layer deposition rate of the coastal wetland, namely the surface layer deposition rate in the year; the method for measuring the sedimentation rate of the surface layer of the coastal wetland can be used for replacing the soil containing the horizontal marker layer to the original position after the sedimentation rate of the first annual scale is measured, and monitoring the sedimentation rate of the surface layer of the next annual scale. By using the method of the embodiment, the surface layer deposition rate of the coastal wetland in any time period can be accurately measured and calculated according to needs, the surface layer deposition rate of nearly 1 year can be accurately monitored, the surface layer deposition rate of many years can also be monitored, the monitoring precision can reach a millimeter scale, and the method is high in precision.
In addition, the horizontal marker layer arranged in the embodiment only lays a layer of powder on the surface layer of the ground in the square area, and does not need to remove or destroy any native plant and hinder the growth of the original wetland surface plant; during each monitoring, after soil measurement is finished, the soil is placed at the original sampling position again, original soil and vegetation in a monitoring area cannot be damaged, and normal growth of plants in the area to be monitored cannot be influenced by the method.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: and step two, marking the PVC pipes on each square, and vertically inserting the PVC pipes into soil at four corners of each square respectively. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The vertical insertion depth of the PVC pipe is 40-60 cm, the length of the PVC pipe is 0.8-1.5 m, and the diameter of the PVC pipe is 1-3 cm.
And step two, setting marks on each square, namely vertically inserting the PVC pipes into soil at four corners of the square respectively, wherein the inserting depth is 40-60 cm, the length of each PVC pipe is 0.8-1.5 m, and the diameter of each PVC pipe is 1-3 cm.
The third concrete implementation mode: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the powder in the second step is white feldspar powder. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Example 1 in 2016-2019, the method disclosed by the invention is utilized to continuously monitor the saline marsh wetland at one position of the coast of the delta of the Liaohe
The method comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting 4 square areas with the length of 2 meters and the width of 2 meters as monitoring sample plots in an area to be monitored, wherein the interval of each monitoring sample plot is more than or equal to 10 meters;
secondly, selecting four squares with the side length of 0.25m in each detection sample plot in the first step, setting a mark on each square, and then laying powder with the thickness of 1cm on each square as a horizontal mark layer;
and thirdly, completely taking out the soil at the square part containing the horizontal mark layer in the step two in the vertical direction according to the time interval of the annual scale, then measuring the vertical distance from the horizontal mark layer to the upper surface of the taken-out soil, and calculating the average value of all the vertical distances, namely the sedimentation rate of the surface layer of the coastal wetland.
Step one, the monitoring sample plot is laid in 2016, 6 months and 10 days, and a representative hydrological and geomorphic region is selected from the coastal wetland to be monitored according to the requirement to lay the monitoring sample plot; the monitoring sample plot is generally positioned in a hydrological and geomorphic region which is positioned in the central position in the coastal wetland to be monitored, and the hydrological processes such as river hydrology, sediment input, ocean tides and the like and the material input conditions of the region are relatively consistent;
in the second step, the marks are arranged on each square, namely PVC pipes are vertically inserted into soil at four corners of each square respectively, the insertion depth is 50cm, the length of each PVC pipe is 1m, and the diameter of each PVC pipe is 2 cm; uniformly paving white feldspar powder;
taking out the soil at the square position containing the horizontal marker layer according to the time interval of the annual scale in the third step, namely 6, 10 and 2017, determining the surface layer deposition amount, then putting the taken out soil back to the original position, taking out the soil at the square position containing the horizontal marker layer in 6, 10 and 2018, determining the surface layer deposition amount, then putting the taken out soil back to the original position, taking out the soil at the square position containing the horizontal marker layer in 2019, determining the surface layer deposition amount, and then putting the taken out soil back to the original position; the vertical distance from the horizontal marker layer to the upper surface of the soil (soil of each horizontal marker layer at a time) was measured for 4 replicates and the average was calculated to ensure the accuracy of the measurement.
A schematic diagram of the monitoring sample plot of the present example is shown in fig. 1, in which 1 represents the monitoring sample plot, 2 represents a square having a length of 0.25m described in the second step, 3 represents white feldspar powder (horizontal marker layer) having a thickness of 1cm laid, and 4 represents a PVC pipe; fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the surface layer deposition in this embodiment, as can be seen from the diagram, the horizontal mark layer in this embodiment enters the soil, the surface-to-horizontal mark layer is the surface deposition, and the surface layer deposition rate can be obtained by calculating the distance from the surface to the horizontal mark layer; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of soil in a square position with a horizontal marker layer, and it can be seen from the diagram that a measuring ruler is used for measuring the vertical distance from the horizontal marker layer to the upper surface of the soil, and 4 repeated values are measured during the measurement so as to ensure the accuracy of the measurement.
Data in 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 deposition rate of surface layer
As shown in the table, the deposition rates of 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 are respectively 8.375 +/-0.29 mm/a; 6.375 +/-0.48 mm/a; 7.75 +/-0.37 mm/a. The 2016-value of the average deposition rate in 2019 was calculated as the mean of these three values and found to be 7.5. + -. 0.59mm/a (mean. + -. standard error).
The method accurately measures and calculates the surface layer deposition rate in any time period according to actual needs, can accurately monitor the surface layer deposition rate for nearly 1 year and also can monitor the surface layer deposition rate for many years, and the monitoring precision can reach a millimeter scale.
In addition, the horizontal marker layer laid by the method only lays a layer of powder on the surface layer of the ground in the square area, and does not need to remove or destroy any native plant and also does not hinder the growth of the surface plant of the original wetland; during each monitoring, after soil measurement is finished, the soil is placed at the original sampling position again, original soil and vegetation in the monitored area are not damaged, and normal growth of plants in the area to be monitored cannot be influenced by the method.
Claims (3)
1. A method for measuring the sedimentation rate of the surface layer of a coastal wetland is characterized in that the method for measuring the sedimentation rate of the surface layer of the coastal wetland comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting 2-4 square areas with the length of 1-3 meters and the width of 1-3 meters as monitoring sample plots in an area to be monitored, wherein the interval of each monitoring sample plot is more than or equal to 10 meters;
secondly, selecting four squares with the side length of 0.2-0.4 m in each detection sample plot in the step one, setting a mark on each square, and then laying powder with the thickness of 0.8-1.2 cm on each square to serve as a horizontal mark layer;
and thirdly, completely taking out the soil at the square part containing the horizontal mark layer in the step two in the vertical direction according to the time interval of the annual scale, then measuring the vertical distance from the horizontal mark layer to the upper surface of the taken-out soil, and calculating the average value of all the vertical distances, namely the sedimentation rate of the surface layer of the coastal wetland.
2. The method for measuring the sedimentation rate of the surface layer of the coastal wetland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mark of the second step is PVC pipes arranged on each square, and the PVC pipes are vertically inserted into the soil at the four corners of the square respectively.
3. The method for measuring the sedimentation rate of the surface layer of the coastal wetland according to claim 1, wherein the powder in the second step is white feldspar powder.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111595740A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-08-28 | 北部湾大学 | Method for rapidly measuring mangrove forest tidal flat deposition rate |
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