CN109447524A

CN109447524A - A kind of research method of high and cold Marsh Wetland

Info

Publication number: CN109447524A
Application number: CN201811480817.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘德梅; 李红梅; 陈志国; 魏海成; 候光良
Original assignee: Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology of CAS
Current assignee: Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology of CAS
Priority date: 2018-12-05
Filing date: 2018-12-05
Publication date: 2019-03-08

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of research methods of high and cold Marsh Wetland, are related to ecological technical field.The method of the present invention is the following steps are included: establish Ages of Sediments scale, the coupling that the development characteristics and development for disclosing different type wetland make it between deposition rate and Global climate change；It determines environmental proxies, for disclosing the Paleoenvironment of recorded in sediments in soil Different Strata unit, has tentatively restored the environmental change that it undergoes since development of all types of wetlands；The evolutionary process for determining paleovegetation, for disclosing the environmental aspect of optimum muskeg growth；It determines to manage mainly and supports element deposition feature, for disclosing the deposition characteristics of wetland development its host element of different times.Using the method for the present invention can science, comprehensively parse high and cold Marsh Wetland feature, theoretical direction can be provided for measures such as environmental protection or development and utilization.

Description

A kind of research method of high and cold Marsh Wetland

Technical field

The present invention relates to ecological technical field more particularly to a kind of research methods of high and cold Marsh Wetland.

Background technique

China's Mire research is started in the 1960s, period is opposite with the research of environment weak in relation to swamp deposit. Though there is preliminary accumulation in terms of the interpretation Holocene Environmental variation of peat bog cryptogam and peat deposits dynamics since the nineties, But system research is lacked to incobation marsh, especially the research of shortage modern age short-term time scale high-resolution environmental change historical record. Domestic and international wetland to the response of whole world change the study found that in recent years, due to the variation of global climate and regional climate, especially It is the reasons such as the continuous high temperature arid of weather, makes China's wetlands ecosystems that serious degeneration have occurred, Wetland Area is reduced, matter Amount is continued to decline with function；The result of study of wetland weather has weight for the protection, reasonable development and sustainable use of wetland The directive significance wanted, and scientific basis can be provided for the protection of wetlands ecosystems.The deposition of Alpine-Cold Wetland nutrient and solid It is fixed research shows that the existing carbon storage of wetlands ecosystems and its increase converges under Global climate change and Human impact double influence Potentiality are just by serious threat；The carbon that peat mire is accumulated is to CO in inhibition atmosphere₂Rising and slowing global warming It is of great significance, and the carbon cycle of global range is significantly affected, perfect wet land system protection and recovery, are wetlands The key point converged at net carbon.

Therefore, studying high and cold Marsh Wetland comprehensively using rational method has weight to measures such as protection environment, development and utilization Want directive significance.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of research methods of high and cold Marsh Wetland.

In order to achieve the above objectives, invention broadly provides a kind of research method of high and cold Marsh Wetland, the method packets Include following steps:

Ages of Sediments scale is established, the development characteristics and development for disclosing different type wetland make itself and deposition rate Coupling between Global climate change；Environmental proxies are determined, for disclosing deposit in soil Different Strata unit The Paleoenvironment of record has tentatively restored the environmental change that it undergoes since development of all types of wetlands；Determine drilling for paleovegetation Change process, for disclosing the environmental aspect of optimum muskeg growth；It determines to manage mainly and supports element deposition feature, it is wet for disclosing The deposition characteristics of ground development its host element of different times.

Preferably, the Ages of Sediments scale of establishing is using Optical dating and/or AMS¹⁴C technology determines Geological epoch, then comparative analysis difference Wetland Type development time and organic matter deposition rate；The environmental proxies For stable organic carbon isotope, magnetic susceptibility, average particle size and the geochemical indicators in Soil sediment；The determining paleovegetation Evolutionary process be vegetation since obtaining the development of all types of wetlands using spore-pollen analysis evolutionary process.

It is characterized in preferably, element deposition is supported in the determining main management through vegetation-soil-deposit circle in analysis wetland The content of the main nutrient in face calculates different type wetland in conjunction with the stratigraphic unit of each section, deposition rate, the soil weight The fixed rate and crystallized ability of main nutrient.

Preferably, the magnetic susceptibility is the MS2 type Portable magnetic rate instrument using the production of Britain Bartington company Magnetic susceptibility measurement is carried out to sediment sample；The average particle size is to produce on Mastersizer2000 particle size analyzer to survey using Britain Examination is completed；The organic carbon measurement is that the sediment sample after suspended particulate substance and grinding is carried out acid with the analysis pure hydrochloric acid of 6N Change, after removing inorganic carbonate salt component therein, is washed to neutrality with distillation, is placed in 80 DEG C of constant temperature and dries overnight, then sample It is measured with potassium bichromate titrimetric method.

Preferably, the marshland is that Qinghai Lake hides the magnificent flat fringe marsh wetland of high marsh wetland, Qinghai Lake, Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa Marsh Wetland and the three river sources areas marsh Zang Song wetland.

Preferably, the evolutionary process of the determining paleovegetation are as follows: analysis cryptogam indicates Gu in Marsh Wetland deposit Relationship, the vegetation environmental situation of cryptogam wetland between the meaning of vegetation, Marsh Wetland vegetational type and topsoil pollen, its The relationship of his plant cover wetland index and cryptogam data.

Preferably, the spore-pollen analysis obtains cryptogam using heavy-fluid extraction method；The result feature packet of the phytobiocoenose Plant relative coverage, plant relative altitude, plant are included with respect to phytomass and Importance value；The processing of the cryptogam data includes Calculate pollen percents and pollen absolute concentration.

Preferably, the determining specific behaviour for managing feeding element deposition feature mainly includes: to measure to plant above and below the ground respectively Total organic carbon, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium content in object；Measure total organic carbon, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium content in Soil sediment； Analyze the correlation of total organic carbon and full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium content in Soil sediment；It is managed mainly in analysis plant-soil systems Support the standing crop of element；Analyze carbon-nitrogen ratio, carbon-phosphorus ratio, N/P ratio in plant-Soil sediment；Analyze the deposition of main nutrient And cropland.

Preferably, the process of the measurement is used using the total organic carbon of TOC organic carbon analysis instrument measurement sample Vario EL III elemental analyser measures full nitrogen in sample, disappears to boil using sulfuric acid-perchloric acid and survey with molybdenum-antimony anti-spectrophotometric method Full phosphorus in random sample product is disappeared using sulfuric acid-perchloric acid and is boiled and the full potassium of flame spectrophotometric determination sample；The main nutrient includes total Organic carbon, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The present invention use establish Ages of Sediments scale, determine environmental proxies, determine the evolutionary process of paleovegetation with And determine the technological means managed mainly and support element deposition feature, reach the technology effect that comprehensive analysis understands high and cold Marsh Wetland feature Fruit provides scientific basis for measures such as conservation of nature environment or development and utilization.

Detailed description of the invention:

Fig. 1 is Research Thinking and Technology Roadmap provided in an embodiment of the present invention；

Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is sources of three rivers survey region and Qinghai Lake survey region provided in an embodiment of the present invention and sampling respectively Point position view；

Fig. 4-Fig. 6 be respectively sample provided in an embodiment of the present invention section histogram, SAR protocol measurement route map, agent Amount restores experimental result picture；

Fig. 7 is sample gls 54 (a, b) provided in an embodiment of the present invention and attenuation curve and the growth of gls 113 (c, d) Curve graph；

Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 is all samples equivalent dose column distribution map provided in an embodiment of the present invention, three kinds of Qinghai Lake respectively The deposition rate figure of Marsh Wetland；(it is wet that S1, S2, S3 respectively indicate the high marsh wetland in Qinghai Lake hiding, the flat fringe grass of Qinghai Lake China Ground, Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa Marsh Wetland)

Figure 10 is the deposition rate variation diagram of the marsh three river sources areas Zang Song provided in an embodiment of the present invention wetland；

Figure 11-14 is that Qinghai Lake of the invention hides the cold Marsh Wetland of high natural plant height, magnificent flat fringe marsh wetland, saline land phoenix respectively Hair chrysanthemum Marsh Wetland, Golog hide TOC content, δ in high marsh wetland section¹³C, MS, average grain diameter, Rb, Sr, Ba and The vertical change figure of TOC/TN ratio；

Figure 15 and Figure 16 is 24 samples of pollen features figure, S1 section of 47 samples of S4 section provided by the invention respectively Pollen features figure；

Figure 17-18 is section TOC, pollen total concentration, Cyperaceae pollen concentration and the δ of S1 and S4 provided by the invention¹³C pairs Than figure；

Figure 19-Figure 26 be each stratigraphic unit TOC of the high and cold Marsh Wetland of difference provided in an embodiment of the present invention respectively containing spirogram, Variation of the TN containing spirogram, TP containing spirogram, TK containing spirogram, AVN containing spirogram, AVP containing spirogram, AVK containing spirogram and C:N, C:P, N:P Figure；

Figure 27 is table 18 in the embodiment of the present invention 4.

Specific embodiment

For further illustrate the present invention to reach the technical means and efficacy that predetermined goal of the invention is taken, below with compared with Good embodiment, to specific embodiment, technical solution, feature and its effect applied according to the present invention, detailed description is as follows.

Embodiment 1 (establishes Ages of Sediments scale)

Study area's overview: selection is located at the three river sources areas beach Forage Land In Guoluo Prefecture great Wu of East Tibetan Plateau and positioned at northeast Qinghai Lake Basin is chosen typical high and cold swamp meadow and is carried out.The high and cold Marsh Wetland of sources of three rivers is as shown in Fig. 2, this area belongs to plateau Cold climate, the Main Types of Vegetation have mesophorbium, coryphile, alpine scrub and Marsh meadow.Soil is alpine meadow soil, high mountain filling Clump meadow soil and bog soil geographical location are 34 ° 27.821 ' of north latitude, 100 ° 12.367 ' of east longitude.Qinghai Lake Marsh Wetland is located at blueness The Gangcha County of extra large Hubei bank is domestic, chooses three kinds of Typical Wetlands along the Ulan Yi Ke river, as shown in Figure 3.With selecting four pieces of samples altogether, Sample ground longitude and latitude such as table 1.

The method of sampling: in August, 2010 carries out Community Survey in sample on the ground, typical sampling point is arranged, between each point setting 3 Away from the line-transect for being 100m for 1m length, the observation sample prescription of 10 1m × 1m, sample prescription interval 10m is arranged in every line-transect.It measures respectively Floristics composition, height, cover degree, frequency and ground biomass of each sample prescription etc., ground biomass is by its grass economic category point For grass, cyperus and miscellany grass and fresh weight is weighed, is dried 10-12 hours in 60 DEG C of baking ovens after band sample natural air drying, then claim Take dry weight.Sociales separately are acquired in each sampling point and secondary sociales are several, each cuts plant shoot with scissors flush with ground Point, it is contained with polybag, takes back interior and be separated into fringe, stem and leaf.Under ground portion then uses mining method, and removes dead root；Point Also known as amount each section fresh weight and air dry weight, divide 0-20cm, 20-40cm two layers of acquisition pedotheque with earth boring auger by soil genetic horizon, It is contained with polybag.

Section sampling: high marsh wetland (S-1), the flat fringe marsh of Qinghai Lake China are hidden in Qinghai Lake respectively in October, 2010 What damp wetland (S-2), Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa Marsh Wetland (S-3) and the three river sources areas marsh Zang Song wetland (S-4) selected Manually take section until seeing gley horizon to sample, depth profiled is respectively 80cm, 80cm, 80cm and 150cm.As shown in figure 4, Each section 0-3cm is distributed divot, and 70cm is the following are gravel layer in S1-3 section, and 55-90cm is gravel layer in S-4 section. For each section with 3cm interval sampling, four sections collect 27,24,24,48 samples respectively, dry, and grinding is made after sieving For stable isotope, magnetic susceptibility, granularity and element determination.When acquiring OSL sample, it is (long that black cotton is put into stainless-steel pipe Degree is one end of 20cm, diameter 6cm), squeezes into stratum from the other end along attitude of stratum.After taking out pipe, with opaque adhesive tape It quickly carries out being protected from light sealing, and is put into black plastic bag.Each section adopts to obtain 3-4 OSL sample altogether, and three kinds of wetlands are taken altogether 11 samples, sampling number and depth are as shown in table 2.

Sample pretreatment: plant sample and the soil-like natural air drying at the indoor shady and cool ventilation lower than 30 DEG C divide in test Before analysis, plant sample is crushed, and crosses 0.25mm nylon mesh；Pedotheque is smashed to pieces with wooden stick and is rolled, finely ground with agate alms bowl, crosses 0.25mm Nylon mesh.

Table 1. chooses sample ground longitude and latitude, height above sea level and vegetation pattern

The high and cold geochronic determining method of Marsh Wetland is that Optical dating and AMS is respectively adopted¹⁴C technology determines It obtains.It is to be measured in heavy ion research institute, Peking University using EN Tandem AMS that the sample of this experiment, which surveys year experiment,.

This experiment is released in light experiment in progress light, and equivalent dose releases light laboratory in Qinghai Yanhu Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences Ris φ TL/OSL-20 release and be measured on light instrument, uranium, thorium and the potassium content of sample are in Chinese atomic energy science institute with neutron Activation method measurement is completed.The wavelength that test quartz releases the blue light excitation light source of optical signal is 470 ± 30nm, examines feldspar component institute Infrared laser wavelength is 830nm, and the pre-treatment of all samples all carries out in feux rouges darkroom, quartz particles (38-63 μm) Extraction according to program described in the bad gentle Wintle of loyalty complete.

It is as follows that light releases light experiment specific step: the pre-treatment of sample must carry out under feux rouges environment, by the glue on tube wall Band is torn, and sealing two ends are taken out, and digs out about 2-3cm sample (sample segment some exposed) with pocket knife.By steel Sample among pipe is put into large beaker, writes sample number into spectrum.Add clear water to stir, upper layer clear water is outwelled after clarifying, to remove Partial impurities.Backing up more than sample size.The sample that both ends are removed, which is put in small beaker, writes sample number into spectrum, after having claimed weight in wet base (60 DEG C, 1-2 days) are dried in an oven, then claim dry weight and beaker weight, calculate water content.Then 20-30 is randomly selected wherein Gram or so, " floury " (partial size < 30 μm) are worn into mortar and ball mill, are used for neutron activation analysis (Neutron Activation Analysis, NAA).Sand sample or thinner sample are directly placed into ball mill grinding, and cementing clay need to be used first Mortar mill dissipates.The too thick sample of particle (containing more gravel) needs first once to use ball mill grinding again with mortar grinder.NAA analysis is only Need 2 grams or so samples.The sample for having filtered clear water in large beaker is put into draught cupboard, 10% hydrochloric acid and stirring is added, takes A small amount of multiple principle, until sample does not react significantly.Organic matter is removed with 30% dioxygen water process, by dioxygen water process Sample afterwards cleans (cleaning will at least stand 2-3 hours every time) 3-5 times with clear water, is then placed in (60 DEG C) of baking oven drying.Sample It is sieved after product drying.Usually with 400 mesh (38 μm), 250 mesh (63 μm), 170 mesh (88 μm) and 120 mesh (125 μm) sieve.Generally With 38-63 μm of sample test.One and half (about 2 grams) 38-63 μm of samples are scooped into small spoon, are put into the bottle with lid, It is impregnated with 35% fluosilicic acid (about 50ml), then the hydrochloric acid stirring and washing sample half an hour for being added 10% cleans five with clear water It is secondary, it after cleaning, is gone over again with 38 μm of sieves, removes the little particle after finishing, be finally putting into baking oven and dry sample, loading is small certainly Envelope.Examination with computer step by specification requires to implement.

The analysis of OSL dating data:

(1) dosage restore test: in order to test acquisition De value reliability, select sample gls 84 and gls 113 divide It carry out not preheating temperature experiment and dosage recovery experiment.Sample monolithic exposes under blue light and completely by OSL at room temperature first Natural sign removes, and then gives a known dosage before the assay, it is assumed that and given dose is a unknown natural dosage, and And it can be measured with SAR method.Test results are shown in figure 6.The result shows that selected 260 DEG C of preheating temperature and other experiments Condition is suitable for using the equivalent dose of SAR method measurement sample herein.

(2) attenuation curve and growth curve: Fig. 7 shows that sample gls's 54 and gls 113 releases attenuated optical signal curve And growth curve.From (a) and (c) of Fig. 7 it can be seen that sample releases optical signal all rapid decays within detection the 1st second, Background value is decayed in 2 seconds.This shows that calculating equivalent dose is substantially quick component, and feldspar content is very low, reach Requirement of experiment is arrived.For the recovery coefficient of most of prints all within the scope of 0.19-1.11, off-limits print will not Calculating for equivalent dose.The growth curve of all samples can be fitted (Fig. 7 with linear plus index equation well B and d).

(3) equivalent dose and age: the survey annual bearing of all samples is shown in Table 2, and the light of all samples releases optical signal all relatively by force, The equivalent dose distribution of sample can be used to reflect the depth of exposure before OSL sample last time deposition.It, can be with from Fig. 8 Find out that the equivalent dose of sample is distributed close to normal distribution.This shows that the chronology result for the OSL sample adopted can be very Reflect the sedimentary age of deposit well.The smallest sample age is 0.179 ± 0.03ka, the oldest age is 14.77 ± 1.12ka, the age error range of whole samples is in 0.01-0.11%.

The high and cold Marsh Wetland OSL dating result of table 2.

The 14's of carbon experimental result: in order to mutually confirm, a sample is taken to be AMS in each section¹⁴C measurement, as a result such as table Shown in 3, calendar age correction is done to each the 14's of carbon, result releases light-year with light and finds very inconsistent, S2- for compared with The difference maximum of 60 and S4-144 sample respectively reaches 5.4 and 5.3Ka.The difference of S3-62 sample is minimum, differs 0.19ka.

3. 4 section sample depths of table and 14 tree of carbon take turns Corrected age

Note: data are mean+SD in table.

The comparison of two kinds of dating methods: deposit¹⁴The accuracy that C surveys year depend primarily on sample whether by young carbon or The pollution of old carbon.Although¹⁴C dating technology itself is a highly developed dating methods, but in Wetland Sediments¹⁴C is surveyed For year, the selection of sample is particularly significant, and certain deposit bulk sample samples may be influenced due to the pollution of old carbon or young carbon Survey the accuracy of annual bearing.In contrast, if Wetland Sediments are before being buried, light is released optical signal solarization and is moved back than more thoroughly, light Light technology then available more accurately sample burial age is released, for deposit, it is a kind of most direct survey year side Method.

The deposition rate of three kinds of wetlands of Qinghai Lake: each section obtains the theoretical year of each depth according to interpolation extrapolation The age result in age, bottommost shows that the development time by three kinds of Qinghai Lake wetlands of the different altitude height of belt transect selection is each Not identical, wherein earliest, the time is S2 (72cm): 8436a, followed by riverhead type wetland S1 (80cm) to the development of river type wetland: 2058a is finally lake type wetland S3 (72cm): 1143a.The heavy of each section has been calculated separately according to depth of soil and age Product rate, as shown in figure 9, the sequence of the average sedimentation rate of three kinds of wetlands from big to small is: S1 (0.63mm/a) > S3 (0.39mm/a)>S2(0.09mm/a).The deposition rate amplitude of variation of S1 section is little, most stable.S2 section is in the heavy of bottom Product rate is very low, and the deposition rate over nearly 176 years is very big.The deposition rate variation of S3 section is then small at both ends and big in the middle.

The deposition rate of sources of three rivers wetland: section is divided into five parts, (0-24cm) (24- by five dating datas 54cm) (54-85cm) (85-113cm) (113-144cm), deposition rate is respectively: 0.33mm/a, 0.06mm/a, 0.04mm/ a,0.23mm/a,0.52mm/a.Each section each section deposition rate variation is as shown in Figure 10.

Wetland Ages of Development and with climate change relationship: Qinghai Lake study the same river system Different Altitude in area three kinds of typical cases it is wet The developmental age of the section on ground is different, is the flat fringe grass wetland development of China respectively in 8.436 ± 0.6ka, Zang Songcao wetland hair It educates in 2.058 ± 0.11ka, Saussurea salsa wetland is developed in 1.143 ± 0.20ka.The high careless wetland development in Golog hiding is in 14.8 ±0.11ka。

Deposition rate: the average sedimentation rate of four sections is between 0.09-0.63mm/a, each deposition speed for surveying year section For rate in addition to occurring 0.03,0.06 and 0.04,0.06 in S2 and S4, other are wet with other areas between 0.25-1.67mm/a Ground deposition rate is similar.

Known to according to embodiments of the present invention 1 experimentation and data analysis: (1) since high and cold Marsh Wetland deposition is slow Slowly, soil development is shallower and root system of plant extension is deeper, causes¹⁴C survey annual bearing it is impacted, and its quartz from sediments content compared with Height, its light is released optical signal solarization and is moved back than more thoroughly after tested, so OSL dating method is relatively suitable for high and cold marsh in this experiment Wetland Sediments.(2) three kinds of wetland developmental stages of the Ulan Qinghai Lake Basin Yi Ke river upper, middle and lower trip are different, but all send out It is educated in weather humid period.In this experiment the flat fringe grass wetland development of Qinghai Lake China earliest, before about more than 8000 years, but from the entire profile It is most unstable from the point of view of sedimentary evolution situation.The cold Marsh Wetland of the high natural plant height in hiding followed by positioned at river upstream, self-forming play development More stable, the Saussurea salsa wetland positioned at downstream lakeside is developed the latest, and deposition rate is larger, and maximum value appears in 300a- Between 180a, reduced over nearly more than 170 years.(3) nearly one thousand years come the characteristics of Qinghai Lake Basin has responded whole world change, environmental change Also very frequently, the development of Marsh Wetland also linear relationship not as before, such as the deposition rate of several wetlands can be with It displays.

Embodiment 2 (determines environmental proxies)

Environmental proxies explain palaeoenvironmental foundation and experimental method:

(1) organic matter stable isotope (δ¹³C): plant bulk sample product use combustion method through after natural drying, being milled to 100 mesh So that it is burnt in oxygen and generates CO₂。CO₂Carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) it is to be carried out on MAT-251 mass spectrograph, uses Standard be PDB, measure error < 012 ‰.Stable isotope abundance is calculated as follows: δ¹³C=[R sample/R standard- 1]×1000；Wherein, R is¹³C/¹²The relative ratios of C, R standard value are the carbon isotope ratio of international reference materials PDB.Experiment The relative error of result is analyzed ± 0.11 ‰.

(2) magnetic susceptibility (MS) and granularity: the measurement of magnetic susceptibility and granularity is in the Environment of Western China Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University emphasis It completes in laboratory environment magnetics laboratory.By sample in 40 DEG C of drying in oven, dry sample is then packed into the nonmagnetic cube of 8ml It in shape sample measuring box, is compacted, weighing, using the MS2 type Portable magnetic rate instrument of Bartington company, Britain production to heavy Product object sample carries out magnetic susceptibility measurement.Granularity is to produce to test on Mastersizer2000 particle size analyzer in Britain to complete, and takes a small amount of sample Product (about 1.5g) are put into 100ml beaker, and 20mL distilled water and 10% hydrogen peroxide (H of 10ml is added₂O₂) to remove organic matter, to After sufficiently reaction is decomposed completely to excessive hydrogen peroxide, the HC1 of 10ml 10% is added to remove carbonate, after fully reacting Distilled water is added to 100ml, stands 12h, pumps supernatant, wash away excessive HC1.20ml distilled water and 10ml is added The calgon of 0.05mol/L, after sonic oscillation 15 minutes, upper machine measurement.0.02-2000 μm of measurement range, error is less than 1%.

(3) organic carbon (TOC): analyzing pure hydrochloric acid with 6N for sediment sample after suspended particulate substance and grinding and be acidified, Removal wherein after inorganic carbonate salt component, is washed to neutrality with distillation, is placed in 80 DEG C of constant temperature and dries overnight.Then sample weight chromium Sour potassium capacity method (Outside Heating Method) measures.Plant carbon is mainly made of organic carbon, therefore directly upper Vario EL elemental analyser Measure organic carbon content therein.Analysis precision is ± 2%.

(4) barium (Ba), strontium (Sr) and rubidium (Rb): the variation according to Rb/Sr ratio in deposit will be seen that weathering in basin The power of degree, inverting restrict the climatic revolution of sensitive grain size in basin.Ba is a kind of inert element, is retained in deposition species Time is longer；Source of students Ba flux has surprising correlation with organic carbon flux, therefore Ba is well suited as the finger of paleoproductivity Mark.Ba, Sr, Rb in this experiment is former using inductively coupled plasma body in key lab, the Environment of Western China Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University Sub- emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) measurement.

Known to according to embodiments of the present invention 2 experimentation and data analysis:

1, the paleo-climate change of Qinghai Lake wetland instruction

(1) the cold Marsh Wetland of high natural plant height: the long 80cm of this section is hidden, it is average that 27 samples are obtained altogether with the sampling of the interval 3cm, TOC, δ measured by 27 samples¹³C, TOC/TN, magnetic susceptibility, average grain diameter, the variation tendency of Ba, Rb and Sr are as shown in figure 11, The range of TOC value is between 40-134mg/g；TOC/TN range is between 13.89%-56.07%；δ¹³C value -27.57~- 26.16‰；Magnetic susceptibility range is in 42.11-72.55 × 10^-8m³/kg；Mean particle size range is at 29.44-70.25 μm；Ba, Rb and The range of Sr is 420.02-464.62 μ g/g, 92.1-117.7 μ g/g and 130.72-252.11 μ g/g respectively.According to above-mentioned one Entire stratigraphic section is divided into five parts by the variation tendency of serial index.

Unit I [65-80cm (1768-2058a)]: this stage, TOC was lower, δ¹³C value is higher, and TOC/TN value is in maximum Value, Rb increases with the increase of section, and then in contrast, magnetic susceptibility and average particle size are lower and stablize by Ba and Sr.At 71cm There is a catastrophe point, it is characterized in that TOC and TOC/TN value increases suddenly, Rb increases suddenly, other index no abnormality seens.

Unit II [53-65cm (1536-1768a)]: TOC, TOC/TN slowly reduce, and magnetic susceptibility increases and reaches at 53cm To maximum value, δ¹³C and particle size stable are constant, and Rb and Ba have the tendency that reduction, and Sr increases with the increase of section, also in 53cm Place reaches maximum value.

Unit III [42-53cm (1303-1536a)]: TOC, TOC/TN are increased rapidly, δ¹³C is reduced rapidly, and magnetic susceptibility is than upper The trend that one stage was reduced, but generally have identical variation tendency with Ba, Rb and Sr, that is, there is lesser fluctuation；Average grain Degree is in stable state.

Unit IV [21-42cm (495-1303a)]: TOC, TOC/TN slowly reduce, δ¹³C fluctuation increase, magnetic susceptibility after Continuous to reduce, average particle size increases with the increase of section, and Ba first reduces to be increased afterwards, and Rb fluctuation increases, and Sr slowly reduces.

Unit V [0-21cm (495-0a)]: this stage TOC, δ¹³C, MS, Rb fluctuation are larger, and many places mutate, such as 14cm(347a)TOC、TOC/TN、δ¹³C, Rb increases suddenly and amplitude is larger, and magnetic susceptibility reduces by a small margin.At 8cm (198a) There is a turning point, each index tends towards stability thereafter.

(2) magnificent flat fringe marsh wetland: this section overall length is 71cm, average with the sampling of the interval 3cm, obtains 24 samples altogether Product, TOC, δ measured by 24 samples¹³C, TOC/TN magnetic susceptibility, average particle size, the variation tendency of Ba, Rb and Sr such as Figure 12 institute Show, the range of TOC value is between 20-97.6mg/g；TOC/TN range is between 10.17%-32.6%；δ¹³C value is -28.02 ~-26.13 ‰；Magnetic susceptibility range is in 39.22-77.8 × 10^-8m³/kg；Mean particle size range is at 44.83-57.19 μm；Ba,Rb Range with Sr is 420.34-466.9 μ g/g, 95.2-118.2 μ g/g and 134.22-220.86 μ g/g. respectively according to above-mentioned one Entire stratigraphic section is divided into four parts by the variation tendency of serial index.

Unit I [59-71cm (5258-7538a)]: this stage removes TOC/TN and average particle size has reduction to become with section increase Outside gesture, remaining index has increased trend, but has a catastrophe point at 68cm (7000a), it is characterized in that TOC/TN, average grain Degree increases suddenly, and Sr reduces suddenly.

Unit II [47-59cm (1584-5258a)]: TOC, TOC/TN, δ¹³C, Rb increases sharply, and magnetization takes the lead in after increase Reduce, average particle size first increases in contrast reduction, and Ba and Sr have the tendency that reduction.

Unit III [26-47cm (314-1584a)]: TOC, TOC/TN keep stablizing, δ¹³C continues to increase, in 42cm Reach this section maximum value at (314a), magnetic susceptibility Ba, Sr increases with section and is reduced, with 35cm (626a) for inflection point, Rb and Average particle size first increases and then decreases.

Unit IV [0-26cm (314-0a)]: TOC is continuously increased, and δ¹³C constantly reduces, Sr, Ba, magnetic susceptibility, average grain Degree reduces with the increase of section, Rb but increase by a relatively large margin.

(3) Saussurea salsa wetland: TOC, δ¹³The range of C, TOC/TN are 4.3mg/g-14.25mg/g respectively ,- 24.6 ‰ -- 22.07 ‰ and 1.33-4.9%；Rb/Sr, magnetic susceptibility, the range of granularity are 0.49-0.92%, 4.3-14.25 × 10^-8m³/ kg and 40.82-55.89 μm.Three stratigraphic units (such as Figure 13) are divided into according to above-mentioned indication index.

Unit I [56-72cm (1147-702a)]: this stage TOC content is extremely low and more stable, TN, Rb and average particle size wave Dynamic property is larger, magnetic susceptibility and δ¹³C increases with section and is increased, and Rb and magnetic susceptibility quickly increase at 65cm (952a), then TOC is also quicklyd increase at 68cm (1036a), and it is cold wet that index, which discloses this stage climate characteristic, but prominent in about 952a weather The warm arid so become.

Unit II [23-56cm (702-257a)]: TOC, TOC/TN, δ¹³C, Rb, magnetic susceptibility and average particle size fluctuation compared with Greatly, and Sr and Ba constantly reduce.Wherein there are three catastrophe point, TOC and Ba increases suddenly at 47cm (452a), other indexs are quick Reduce；TOC and Rb quickly reduces at 41cm (395a), δ¹³C is quicklyd increase；Each index variation and phase at 47cm at 35cm (340a) Together.This stage each indication index discloses a very unstable climate characteristic, the climate characteristic of 452a and 340a be it is warm dry, 395a is cold wet climate characteristic, and 257a is cold dry gas time.

Unit III [0-23cm ((257-0a)]: TOC and δ¹³C is relatively stable, average particle size, Rb and MS fluctuation is larger, but General trend is that Rb increases, magnetic susceptibility and average particle size reduce.Sr and Ba are continuously increased.TOC, Rb, magnetization at 11cm (185a) Rate and average particle size increase suddenly, and δ¹³C does not change.Each indication index reflect this stage be warm up dry climate characteristic, but It is wet to warm up in 185a abrupt change of climate.

According to three stratigraphic units of division, deposition rate will be recalculated, respectively 0.88mm/a, 0.56mm/a, 0.24mm/a。

2, the paleo-climate change of Golog wetland instruction: as shown in figure 14, the entire profile TOC value range is 6-175mg/g, is put down Mean value is 53.9 ± 46.9；The range of TOC/TN value is 2.99-316, average value are as follows: 62.08 ± 74.8；δ¹³The range of C value- 26.92 ‰ -- 25.12 ‰, average value is -25.87 ‰；The range of Rb content is 98.2-119.8 (ug/g), mean value are as follows: 106.76±4.26(ug/g)；For the range of Ba content at 477.6-409 (ug/g), mean value is 447.8 ± 8.37 (ug/g)；Magnetization The value range of rate is in 29.8-71.59 × 10^-8m³/ kg (SI), mean value are 51.67 ± 10 × 10^-8m³/kg(SI)；Average size Range is 35.5-64.55um, and mean value is 50.5 ± 6.34um.This section is divided into five stratigraphic units.

Unit I [116-147cm (14306-14762a)]: TOC value, which tends to be reduced at 116cm, reaches minimum, δ¹³C and Magnetic susceptibility variation trend is identical, and Ba fluctuation is larger.There is even catastrophe point: 128cm (14460a) and 137cm in this stage (14632a)。

Unit II [86-116cm (13167-14306)]: TOC starts to tend towards stability after increasing, δ¹³C and Ba is first reduced to be increased afterwards Add, magnetic susceptibility, Rb and average particle size are constantly reduced.Occurs higher TOC and lower δ 13C at 107cm (13.9ka).

Unit III [47-86cm (4469-13167)]: TOC content is few, and magnetic susceptibility is higher, and peak value appears in 59cm At (7028a).Average particle size reduces, and minimum value also appears in explanation at 59cm (7028a), and water level is higher herein, there is more mine Object increases and rainfall is big.Rb fluctuation increases, and Ba fluctuation reduces.δ at 65cm (8.2ka)¹³C value is reduced suddenly, and is magnetized Rate and Ba value are higher.

Unit IV [17-47cm (506.5-4469.4a)]: TOC is continuously increased, and is increased at 47cm and is arrived maximum value.δ¹³C is shown Increase trend, magnetic susceptibility are reduced, and average particle size increases, and Rb fluctuation increases, and Ba fluctuation reduces.δ at 32cm (2.0ka)¹³C value Increase suddenly, magnetic susceptibility is higher.

Unit V [0-17cm (0-506a)]: TOC has the tendency that reduction, but has the tendency that increase, δ after 8cm (238a)¹³C and Ba constantly reduce, and average particle size and Rb constantly increase, and magnetic susceptibility remains unchanged.

3, the correlation analysis between each index: by between the correlation analysis each index of each section such as table 4, table 5, table 6 and table 7, between different sections it is each it is index related have larger difference, magnetic susceptibility, TOC/TN, δ in S1 section¹³C and other indexs Correlation is lower outer, all there is high correlation between remaining index, such as: TOC and Rb is in extremely significant positive correlation (r=0.645, P= It 0.001), is respectively in extremely significant negatively correlated (r=-0.565, P=0.001) and (r=-0.623, P=0.001) with Sr and Ba, (r=0.442, P=0.001) is positively correlated with granularity.Except Rb, Sr, Ba, the mutual correlation of magnetic susceptibility are fabulous in S2 section Outside, correlation is lower between remaining index, wherein the degree of correlation highest (r=0.849, P=0.001) and δ of magnetic susceptibility and Ba¹³C Value and other each indexs all non-correlations, granularity remove with TOC negatively correlated (r=-0.445, P=0.001) outside with other each fingers Mark all non-correlations.Granularity and TOC/TN and other indexs absolutely not correlation in S3 section all exist between remaining index Preferable correlation, if Rb/Sr and other each indexs are in extremely significant correlation (0.528 </ r/ < 0.951)；Ba also with it is other each Index is in extremely significant correlation (0.566 </ r/ < 0.776).It is in extremely significant related (r that magnetic susceptibility, which is removed to Sr and Rb/Sr, in S4 section =-0.509, P=0.001) and (r=0.432, P=0.001) is outside, with other indexs all non-correlations；Granularity remove with TOC and Ba correlation (r=0.349, P=0.001) and (r=-0.427, P=0.001) outside, with other each index non-correlations；Remaining is each It is very high all to there is correlation between preferable correlation, especially TOC, Sr and Rb/Sr and other indexs between index.It can be seen that Degree of correlation in different sections between each environmental proxies is different, needs to shift to an earlier date when wetland depositional environment selects substituted index Multi objective is screened, then selects the higher index of degree of relevancy as a parameter to inverting palaeoenvironment.It sinks in same profile Organic matter and constituent content in product object have it is important contact, illustrate in wetland deposition process not only by vegetation residuum Influence also by matrix differentiation and external environment influenced and Wetland Sediments in have recorded these change informations.

Correlation analysis between each environmental proxies of table 4.S1 section

Note: ● it is just negative negatively correlated without related ★ positive correlation ☆ without correlation zeroIt is positive relatedCathode is related

Correlation analysis between each environmental proxies of table 5.S2 section

Correlation analysis between each environmental proxies of table 6.S3 section

Correlation analysis between each environmental proxies of table 7.S4 section

Note: ● it is just negative negatively correlated without related ★ positive correlation ☆ without correlation zeroPositive correlation cathode is related

It is analyzed according to the above experimental result and data:

(1) the revealed environmental change of three river sources areas wetland section: from bottom to top, the age, oneself was as far as close, general for depth profiled Five stratigraphic unit comprehensive analysis granularities, the magnetic susceptibility, TOC, δ divided¹³C, Rb, Sr, Ba, TOC/TN, for rebuild 14.8ka with Carry out CENTRAL QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU palaeoenvironment and change the evidence provided, details are as follows: 14.3-14.8ka: this stage granularity, Ba have increasing The trend added, however magnetic susceptibility, TOC and Rb have a declining tendency, and disclose relatively cold wet environment at that time.13.2- 14.3ka: whole higher TOC content and lower δ¹³C value can be indicated compared with warming shed method situation.4.47-13.17ka: this Stage TOC is in minimum, δ¹³C value and granularity first increase to be reduced afterwards, and the deposition rate in this stage is 0.04mm/a, so comprehensive Conjunction thinks that this phase deposition process is almost stagnated, so its environmental characteristics can not be judged from these environmental proxies, However being continuously increased for magnetic susceptibility discloses this stage and from wetland depositing system is transferred to fluvial deposit system.0.51- 4.47ka: red soil puberty, TOC and δ¹³C value all increased than on last stage, illustrate that this phase change is relatively low energy The depositional environment of amount becomes more static from a stage hydrodynamic(al) state, is conducive to the accumulation of organic sediment, discloses turning for rainfall Become.0-0.56ka: deposit substituted index indicates δ in this unit¹³C value reduces and granularity increase implys that temperature increases, Indicate a warm dry period.

(2) the revealed palaeoenvironment variation of Qinghai Lake Marsh Wetland: environmental proxies indicate Marsh Wetland in this experiment Deposition characteristics change with climate change, such as table 8.

The environmental index feature of 8. climatic event of table

The present embodiment 2 releases light and AMS using light¹⁴C dating methods, which combine, to be surveyed year, and comprehensive analysis cryptogam, granularity, magnetization Rate, TOC, δ¹³C, the environmental proxies such as Rb, Sr, Ba rebuild research website past environment and historical climate variation, Main Conclusions It is as follows:

(1) each environment indication index of each section is done into correlation analysis, finds organic matter and other fingers in each section Mark correlation is higher, and other environmental proxies are different in different section degrees of correlation, so selecting in wetland depositional environment It should mutually be confirmed using multi objective when selecting substituted index, select the higher index of degree of relevancy as a parameter to inverting Gu ring Border.

(2) Marsh Wetland section can be divided into different stratigraphic units by environmental change: S1 section is segmented into five stratum Unit: 1768-2058a is cold wet, and 1536-1768a is cold dry, and 1303-1536a warms up wet warm dry alternating, and 495-1303a is cold wet, 0- 495a warms up wet；S2 section is divided into four stratigraphic units: 5258-7538a is cold dry, 1584-5258 Wen Gan, 314-1584 Wen Gan, 0- 314a is warm dry；S3 section is divided into three stratigraphic units: 1147-702a is cold wet, and 702-257a fluctuation is larger, and 0-257a is warm dry； S4 section is segmented into five stratigraphic units: 14.76-14.31ka cold wet spell, 14.31-13.17ka is warm and humid, 13.17-4.47ka The big warm period, 4.47-0.51ka is cold dry, and 0-0.51ka is warm dry.

(3) comprehensive each section deposit, which discloses high and cold Wetland Ecosystem deposit, can be used as research geologic climate ancient The carrier of environment, can directly image study region palaeoenvironment situation, and Wetland Sediments have recorded the early Recent Epoch be it is unstable, But there is the climatic environment for the trend of warming up, since middle Holocene is warming shed method, and late Holocene is cold dry gas time, since nearly 500 years For Global warming weather.

Embodiment 3 (evolutionary process for determining paleovegetation)

The present embodiment has studied sources of three rivers and the geologic climate Gu ring since the Recent Epoch of Qinghai Lake Region using spore-pollen analysis as means Border history of evolution.

Cryptogam extracting method: being with heavy-fluid extraction method herein, the specific steps are as follows:

1) it weighs.According to sample lithologic character, will be weighed after its low temperature drying.

2) sample is placed in 500ml beaker, each sample respectively adds 1, lycopod spore (every containing about 27637 lycopod spores Son).

3) add hydrochloric acid.10% dilute hydrochloric acid being added into sample is to remove the carbonate and calcite cementation in sample.Hydrochloric acid Excess is added to, and until no longer blistering (it should be slowly added on a small quantity when acid adding, see that reaction is no longer acutely further continued for being added, it is anti-to prevent It excessively should acutely generate a large amount of bubbles to sample and overflow beaker, cause sample loss).It is centrifuged (2000 turns/min, 5min), washes Acid, until being neutrality with test paper test.Saliferous sample is first soaked in water, until halite is completely dissolved, is removed after standing (12h) Supernatant adds 10% dilute hydrochloric acid and carries out same aforesaid operations after centrifugation.

4) potassium hydroxide solution is added.Add 10%KOH aqueous solution into sample, amount is about 2 times of sample volume, sets electricity About 5-10min is heated on hot plate, to remove the humus in sample.Centrifugation, soda, (2000 until being neutrality with test paper test Turn/min, 5min).

5) Heavy liquid floating.Heavy-fluid hydrobromic acid (HBr) 500ml, potassium iodide (KI) 510g, zinc granule (Zn) 120g are prepared, than Weight is 2.0g/ml.Flotation is that sample is sufficiently stirred, and to guarantee that pollen floats, is centrifuged (2500 turns/min, 15min).It repeats Operation 2-3 times guarantees the abundant flotation of pollen.3-4 times of water will be added in the heavy-fluid containing pollen floatingly selected, stands 12h, top 4/ 5 liquid are sucked in devil liquor recovery device with suction pipe, remaining adds water to be centrifuged (2000 turns/min, 5min).

6) ultrasonic cleaning.In ultrasonic oscillation rinse bath plus distilled water, water height generally below clean groove edge. The wire screen that aperture is 7um is tightly placed in organic glass tube bottom with cyclic annular pipe sleeve, lucite tube is then placed on ultrasonic wave On device, appropriate amount of sample is added, the water in rinse bath is made not have sample just.The impurity into sample is shaken completely into rinse bath It is interior, the residue on wire screen is then collected, and check under mirror, until handling clean.

7) acetic anhydride mixed liquor is added, due to humus in sample and organic matter is more and part cryptogam inside organic matter Not yet weathering, the acetic anhydride mixed liquor (acetic anhydride and concentrated sulfuric acid 9:1) that the sample into small test tube is added, heating water bath (90 DEG C) 5 minutes.After cooling, water is added to be centrifuged (2000 turns/min, 3min), until neutral.

8) glycerol is added by 1:6 volume to save, film-making.Equal pieces identify statistics after drying under the microscope.General every sample Product statistical number is more than 300, and minimum no less than 200, analysis result is indicated with percentage and concentration, the calculating of pollen percentage It is that sub- summation is embraced as radix using terrestrial seed pollen and trip's class, concentration is embraced sub- method calculating with additional lycopod and combined using clustering The ecosystem characterization of main pollen ingredient divides sporo-pollen zone.

Data processing and statistical analysis:

(1) structure of plant community feature:

Plant relative coverage=(cover degree of certain plant/all plant species cover degree and) × 100%

Plant relative altitude=(height of certain plant/all plant species height and) × 100%

Plant is with respect to phytomass=(fresh weight of certain plant/all plant species fresh weight and) × 100%

Importance value (Pi)=(relative altitude+relative coverage+opposite phytomass)/3

Shannon-Wiener index (H '):

Pielous evenness index (J '): J'=H'/ln S

Total Number of Species in S=sample prescription

Simpson index: D=1- ∑ Pi²

Wherein: the importance value of i-th kind of plant of Pi----

H ' ----diversity indices

J ' --- -- evenness index

The kind number of plant in S---- group

D----- ecological dominance index

And data processing and drawing are carried out with Excel2003 software.All data are in SPSS software CompareMeans method carries out the one-factor analysis of variance, carries out Multiple range test with LSD method when significant difference.

(2) cryptogam data processing: the calculating of pollen percents: each section is calculated as radix using the sum of whole pollen and belongs to flower The percentage composition of powder is formulated as follows: A=n/N × 100%；Wherein, A: the percentage that a certain section belongs in some sample contains Amount；N: the cryptogam that the section belongs to identifies statistical number；N: all terrestrial cryptogams total (algae, water plant cryptogam percentage in the sample Content is calculated by radix of whole cryptogam sums).

The calculating of pollen absolute concentration with it is additional oneself know the method for quantity lycopod spore (Stockmarr, 1971) tablet, count Calculate the absolute concentration of pollen.It is formulated as follows: Pc=M/m × (n/s)；Wherein Pc: pollen concentration (grain/gram), M: it is added Lycopod spore count in sample, this research every containing about 27637 lycopod spores of lycopod spore tablet used；M: it unites in sample The lycopod spore count counted out；N: certain section of statistics belongs to pollen number；S: the weight of sample.

It is analyzed according to the above experimentation and data processed result:

(1) Vegetation community-species is constituted: the high careless hygropium (S1) in the hiding of the high and cold swamp meadow of Qinghai Lake Basin by 23 kinds of plant compositions, adhere to 10 sections separately, and 21 belong to, and sociales are to hide high careless (14.7%), this sociales is carex moorcroftii (8.5%)；Hua Biansuicao group (S2) is made of 18 kinds of plants, adheres to 13 sections separately, and 17 belong to, and sociales are the flat fringe grass of China (18.78%), secondary sociales are carex moorcroftii (10.95%)+bright capsule sedge (9.0%)；Saussurea salsa group (S3) is by 9 kinds Plant composition adheres to 6 sections separately, and 9 belong to, and the importance value of sociales Saussurea salsa is 18.58%, and secondary sociales are reed (17.57%)+nakedflower alkali thatch (15.63%).Hiding high careless hygropium (S4) in three river sources areas is made of 20 kinds of plants, adheres to 9 sections separately, 18 belong to, and the importance value that sociales hide high grass is 24.43%, and secondary sociales are that the flat fringe of China is careless (20.1%).

9. phytobiocoenose type of table composition, importance value and δ¹³C value

(2) Vegetation community-species diversity: the size order of Shannon diversity indices is S1 > S2 > S4 > S3. Hide that high careless hygropium (S1) vegetation cover degree is relatively large, and vegetation height is lower, river type Hua Biansuicao group (S2) He Sanjiang High careless hygropium (S4) vegetation cover degree in source region hiding is larger, and vegetation height is also higher, but unlike S2 evenness index still It is so higher, and the evenness index of S4 is lower；Lakeside Saussurea salsa group (S3) vegetation cover degree, vegetation height are also minimum, But evenness index highest.

The different high and cold marsh wetland plant community diversities of table 10.

Note: data are mean+SD in table.

(3) Vegetation community-phytomass:

The different high and cold marsh wetland plant measure features of table 11.

Note: data are mean+SD in table；And different significant (the P < of lowercase letter indication difference in same row 0.05)。

From the above data, the geodyte difference of four kinds of Alpine-Cold Wetland different function groups is obvious, and Cyperaceae is planted in S1 The phytomass of object has comparative advantage, and the 71% of the total aboveground phylomass of Zhan, dogstail and weeds account for 6.6% and 22.4%；It is also in S2 Sedge amount highest, the 80.7% of the total aboveground phylomass of Zhan, dogstail and weeds account for 28% and 16%；Dogstail phytomass in S3 Dominance, the 74% of the total aboveground phylomass of Zhan, weeds account for 26%.Cyperaceae and the total aboveground phylomass of weeds Zhan in S4 70.2% and 24.3%.The height sequence of the aboveground phylomass of four kinds of Alpine-Cold Wetlands, underground biomass and total phytomass is all are as follows: S4 >S2>S1>S3.Illustrate the primary productivity highest of S4 group.

The underground biomass of the four kinds of Alpine-Cold Wetlands trend reduced with the increase of depth of soil, is concentrated mainly on 0-10cm It is interior, the phytomass of S1-S4 0-10cm under taking up an area respectively total phytomass 74.8%, 64.6%, 46.07% and 59.4%.

Cryptogam result: (1) in Golog Wetland Sediments cryptogam variation: 47 samples of this profile analysis are identified in total 7648, adhere to 21 sections 25 category separately, wherein have 3 kinds of arbor cryptogams, 20 kinds of draft pollen and 2 kinds of shrub pollen.Arbor pollen accounts for (< 1%) of total pollen is Pinus, Picea, Betula.Main draft pollen (93%) is Cyperaceae (83%), grass family (0.7%), composite family (0.4%), Chenopodiaceae (0.7%), artemisia (1%), Ranunculaceae (1.5%), rosaceae (0.6%), polygonaceae) (0.9%), Mang ox seedling (0.1%).Main shrub pollen (3%) has Elaeagnus and Ephedra.By pollen concentration and flower This section is divided into three pollen set (PA1-PA3) by powder percentage from bottom to top,

Specific as follows: PA1 (14.3-14.8ka): this stage, total pollen concentration was higher, draft pollen such as Cyperaceae, Chenopodiaceae Section, composite family and artemisia all show higher percentage, and total pollen concentration and Cyperaceae pollen concentration start to be continuously increased.

PA2 (14.3-13.2ka): cryptogam concentration reaches maximum value in this stage, draft class pollen such as Elaeangnaceae, wormwood artemisia and Higher ratio is presented in composite family, and total pollen concentration and Cyperaceae pollen concentration start to be continuously increased, and peak in 13.8ka, But Ranunculaceae and gramineae plant are constantly reduced, and almost without the plant of rosaceae and Gentianaceae in this Sporo-pollen Assemblages, Arbor pollen Pinus and Picea pollen percentage are lower.

PA3 (4.5-13.20ka): this stage, total pollen concentration was minimum, and arbor pollen increased, Pinus and Picea flower Powder is more relatively high than other stages, and a greater variety of draft pollen occur in this stage, such as: rosaceae, Gentianaceae, Ephedra and Tang Songcao belongs to.Chenopodiaceae, Elaeangnaceae, artemisia and composite family pollen still keep higher ratio.

PA4 (0.5-4.5ka): total pollen concentration starts to increase, and composite family, rosaceae, pulse family and Elaeangnaceae pollen are gradually It reduces.

PA5 (0-0.5ka): total pollen concentration increase is more stable, and the ratio of this tall pollen constantly declines, composite family, rosaceae, Increased trend at pulse family pollen presentation, although the status in Cyperaceae still dominance, some pollen such as Chenopodiaceae and Hu are ruined Son alsies occupy considerable ratio.

(2) in Qinghai Lake Basin Wetland Sediments cryptogam variation: 24 samples of this profile analysis identify in total 8260, adhere to 17 sections 20 category separately, wherein have 3 kinds of arbor cryptogams, 15 kinds of draft pollen and 2 kinds of shrub pollen.Arbor pollen Zhan is total (1%) of pollen is Pinus, Picea, Betula.Main draft pollen (97%) is Cyperaceae (79%), grass family (1.4%), composite family (3.2%), Chenopodiaceae (2.6%), artemisia (5.3%), Ranunculaceae (1.5%), polygonaceae (1.7%), cruciate flower Section's (0.4%).Main shrub pollen (< 1%) has Elaeagnus and Ephedra.According to pollen concentration and pollen percentage by this Section is also divided into three pollen set (PA1-PA3) from bottom to top, specific as follows:

PA1 (1.88-1.54ka) this stage pollen concentration is minimum, the 75% of the total pollen grain of Cyperaceae Zhan, Chenopodiaceae, composite family, Artemisia and polygonaceae pollen concentration are higher.With the presence of a small amount of Pinus and dragon spruce.

PA2 (1.54-0.61ka) this stage, total pollen concentration was higher, draft pollen such as Cyperaceae, Chenopodiaceae, grass family, Composite family and artemisia all show higher percentage, and peak period twice occur in total pollen concentration and Cyperaceae pollen concentration, respectively Occur during about 0.85ka and (1.3-1.4ka), grass family pollen more prevailing, this Sporo-pollen Assemblages during (1.3-1.4ka) In almost without rosaceae and Gentianaceae, Mang ox seedling, Ephedra, pulse family pollen.Arbor pollen Pinus and Picea pollen Percentage is extremely low, and no Betula pollen occurs.

The total pollen concentration of PA3 (0.61-0ka) is lower, tall this pollen ratio decline, composite family, pulse family, Cruciferae, rough gentian Increase trend is presented in pollen.

According to above-mentioned experimental data:

(1) relationship of Surface pollen analysis and recent vegetation: the vegetation investigation of the present embodiment 2 is the results show that Qinghai Lake Basin is high The cold high careless hygropium (S1) in hiding is made of 23 kinds of plants, adheres to 10 sections separately；Hiding high careless hygropium (S4) in three river sources areas is by 20 kinds Plant composition, adheres to 9 sections separately.Two sample ground surface soil pollen experimental results show that Qinghai Lake Basin is high and cold to hide high careless hygropium (S1) it is made of 12 sections；Hiding high careless hygropium (S4) in three river sources areas is made of 9 sections.Although comparison is seen more close in quantity, After its whole section is enumerated, such as table 12, discovery has larger difference, some sections are only present in phytobiocoenose, such as Scrophulariaceae, lampwick Careless section, umbrella shape flower.And it is some be only present in pollen, Chenopodiaceae, Pinaceae, Cruciferae, pulse family, polygonaceae, Ephedraceae, Betulaceae. The vegetation for being only present in phytobiocoenose illustrates that its pollen yield is lower or smaller be more easily damaged of pollen grain is not easy to be deposited.Only go out Vegetation explanation in present pollen is mainly external source pollen, and pollen feature is that yield is larger, and propagation is wider, and it is heavy to be easy to be stored in In product object.That is Surface pollen analysis and structure of plant community is not in a linear relationship.But from the point of view of sociales Cyperaceae vegetation, flora It falls importance value and accounts for 47.3% and 52.6% in the high marsh wetland of Qinghai Lake and sources of three rivers hiding respectively；Pollen is respectively 64.67% and 84.09%.Illustrate in the high and cold Marsh Wetland using Cyperaceae as sociales, pollen data can preferably reflect The superiority of phytobiocoenose sociales.

13. group's type of table forms compared with plant section appeared in pollen data

(2) vegetation indicates climate change: 14.3-14.8ka: although pollen concentration is lower, hygrophilous woody Betula and grass Ratio shared by this nutgrass flatsedge is higher, it was confirmed that this stage is compared with moist climate, however about in 14,300a Cyperaceae pollen ratio Decline suddenly, implys that and dry-cold event has occurred at this time.13.2-14.3ka: whole higher TOC content and lower δ¹³C value It can indicate compared with warming shed method situation.The richness of the quantity of this stage pollen all increased, and higher pollen flux is taken off Show that this stage is transferred to the deposition process compared with low energy, it is also possible to which vegetation increases.This stage is still indicated with wetland Plant nutgrass flatsedge is in the ascendance, and winter wet indicator plant Chinese ephedra also occurs, in conjunction with cryptogam as a result, it has been found that this stage amount of rainfall in the winter Increase, furthermore this stage some broadleaf weeds are such as: Amaranthaceae, composite family, grass family and polygonaceae pollen flux increased, explanation This stage plant products is higher, and species diversity is abundant, this stage is the best period for being suitble to wetland plant growth.4.47- 13.17ka: the pollen quantity in this stage is also seldom, it is thus possible to cause this phenomenon there are two types of possible Climatic, it may be assumed that Extreme cold dry extremely warms up wet, however being continuously increased for magnetic susceptibility discloses this stage and from wetland depositing system be transferred to river Flow depositing system.0.51-4.47ka: indicating a colder dry situation, draft class such as: it is artemisia, polygonaceae, Ephedra, recklessly ruined Scarabaeidae, Liliaceae have increased trend, may be related with soil dry and less rainfall.0-0.56ka: phytobiocoenose advantage Kind be still Cyperaceae, but composite family, rosaceae, pulse family pollen quantity also have more or less increase, and Scrophulariaceae and rock The pollen of Astragalus only occurs in the stage i.e.: section top is also to illustrate this high and cold marsh grass in most young deposit The superiority of sedge is on the hazard since the intrusion of other alien species is interfered in the ecosystem of pasture, above-mentioned species It can adapt to the growth of this habitat and also reacted soil to have the tendency that desiccation, since global wanning Wetland Environment is threatened.

(3) high and cold Marsh Wetland coupling relationship: the cryptogam section that comprehensive sources of three rivers hides high marsh wetland with Qinghai Lake provides Material, which can be seen that weather, experienced multiple changes in temperature fluctuation, can be divided into last ice advanced stage, the early period Recent Epoch, the later period Recent Epoch three A period.Vegetation sociales in three Climatics are based on Cyperaceae, but variation occurs for its advantage degree.Last ice advanced stage (14.7-13.2ka) weather is more warm and humid, and especially 14.3-13.2ka is Cyperaceae vegetation most flourishing period, is to be most suitable for being somebody's turn to do The region wetland puberty；The early period Recent Epoch (13.2-4.4ka) due to Holocene Megathermal arrival so that wetland arrest of development, Source Organic Matter is not local vegetation, but also deposit loses palaeoenvironmental ability of recording, but is remembered from a small amount of cryptogam It can also find that its ambient enviroment is dominant kind of Cyperaceae of palustrine in record；Since the later period Recent Epoch 4.4, three river sources areas is wet Ground restarts to develop, and reason may be that lake surface atrophy causes swamp meadow to expand, wet from the Qinghai Lake Region marsh Zang Song From the point of view of the record on ground, 2000a weather once have turn a wet sign, since 500 with year-climate to Global warming convert, though muskeg So still based on Cyperaceae vegetation but alien species invade, mesophytia have heterogeneousization be inclined to.

(4) pollen concentration, soil TOC and δ in deposit¹³The relationship of C: come in high and cold Marsh Wetland Effects of Organic Matter in Sediments Source is mainly plant residue, so TOC and δ¹³C is also the index for indicating coupling relationship, as shown in Figure 17,18, TOC and total pollen Concentration and Cyperaceae pollen concentration are proportional, with δ¹³C is in inverse ratio.TOC and total pollen concentration, δ¹³The related coefficient of C is respectively R² =0.07 and R²=0.17, and 20-72cm correlation increased, such as TOC and total pollen concentration, δ¹³The related coefficient of C is distinguished For R²=0.42 and R²=0.72.

The above results explanation: 1) main source of high and cold Marsh Wetland its soil with organic matter since development is that plant is residual Body；2) organic matter and δ in pollen concentration and 20cm deposit below¹³The variation of C value is corresponding preferably, pollen concentration with it is organic Matter content is positively correlated trend, with δ¹³The negatively correlated trend of C；20cm or more almost non-correlation, this is because organic matter is in soil The characteristic decomposed in earth is related.The present embodiment 2 combines the investigation of recent vegetation structure of community and deposit spore-pollen analysis, comprehensive Cryptogam is analyzed between meaning, Marsh Wetland vegetational type and the topsoil pollen for indicating paleovegetation in Marsh Wetland deposit Relationship, the vegetation environmental situation of cryptogam wetland, other plant cover wetland indexs (TOC, δ¹³C) with the relationship of cryptogam data.To It better understand the palaeoenvironmental feasibility of this research area Marsh Wetland Spore Pollen Records and reliability:

Shown by above-mentioned analysis and research: (1) cryptogam can characterize local paleovegetation situation well in Marsh Wetland, to area The representativeness of domain property paleovegetation is poor.(2) Surface pollen analysis and structure of plant community are not in a linear relationship, and Spore Pollen Records cannot be complete Quan represents the structure of community of paleovegetation at that time, but due to the pollen characteristic of sociales Cyperaceae in high and cold Marsh Wetland, pollen Data can preferably reflect the superiority of phytobiocoenose sociales.(3) last ice advanced stage (14.7-13.2ka) weather temperature Wet, especially 14.3-13.2ka is Cyperaceae vegetation most flourishing period, is to be most suitable for the region wetland puberty；The Recent Epoch Early period (13.2-4.4ka) due to Holocene Megathermal arrival so that wetland arrest of development；Since the later period Recent Epoch 4.4, three Jiangyuan District wetland restarts to develop, 2000a weather once have turn a wet sign, but since 500 with year-climate to Global warming convert. (4) since soil profile surface layer receives surface vegetation litter, and there are a large amount of plant fine roots, and Source Organic Matter is abundant, at soil Time is shorter, organic matter decomposition loss amount lower than organic matter additional amount etc. reason, soil depth between 0-20cm TOC with Total pollen concentration, δ¹³C correlation is poor, and 20-72cm correlation increased.

Embodiment 4 (determines to manage mainly and supports element deposition feature)

The core sediments that the present embodiment mainly studies the 4 kinds of Typical Alpine Marsh Wetlands in three river sources areas and Qinghai Lake are organic Carbon, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium, available nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium.

(1) element determination method: 100 mesh are milled to after sample natural air drying, total organic carbon (TOC) is using TOC organic carbon point Analyzer device (Shimadzu 5000A, Japan) measurement.Full nitrogen (TN), (Vario EL III elemental analyser, Germany) measurement；Soil speed Imitate the nitrogen alkaline hydrolysis way of distillation.Full phosphorus (TP), sulfuric acid-perchloric acid, which disappears, to be boiled, molybdenum-antimony anti-spectrophotometric method (Agilent8453 is ultraviolet- Visible spectrophotometer, the U.S.)；Soil quick-effective phosphor AP 0.5mol.L^-1NaHCO₃Extraction-molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method.Full potassium, sulphur Acid-perchloric acid, which disappears, to be boiled, flame spectrometry (BWB XP multielement flame photometer, Britain)；Soil available nitrogen NH₄OAc extraction, Flame spectrometry.

(2) calculation method of element fixed rate and cropland: raw in entire wetland for comparative analysis different ecological band Effect in state system TOC, TN, TP and TK enrichment, the increase of organic matter on the annual unit area of each zoology is calculated with following formula Amount:

Mo=ρ_s·w_s(1- θ) CsF, Mog=MoS；Wherein, Mo is the increasing of annual organic matter on unit area Dosage [kg (m²·a)^-1], ρ_sFor the density (kgm of deposit^-3), numerical value 2650kgm^-3, w_sFor deposition rate (m a^-1), θ is the porosity of deposit, and Cs is the content (%) of organic carbon in deposit, and Mog is to increase total amount (kga in year^-1), S For the area (m of different ecological band²)。

Above-mentioned experimental data is analyzed:

(1) in aerial plant TC, TN, TP, TK content: in four Ge Yangdi groups vegetation constituent content analysis discovery three In the wetland of the Jiangyuan District marsh Zang Song in addition to TK, the three modes that TC, TN, TP are significantly higher than other Qinghai Lake Regions are fallen, and green The three modes of extra large lake region fall between without significant difference.Each grass economic category C/N, C/P, N/P discovery C/N ratio in each group is calculated to become Change smaller totality between 26.16-31.97, S4 aggregate sample C/N, C/P, N/P value is all in minimum, and mixing in S2 group Sample C/N and nutgrass flatsedge C/P, N/P are closed all in peak.

Constituent content in 14. different type Marsh Wetland aerial plant of table

(2) in the plant of underground TC, TN, TP, TK content: underground plant (root) is divided two layers by 0-20cm and 20-40cm, The constituent content of plant is all 0-10cm > 10-20cm under four localities, illustrates the absorbability of the plant root of four kinds of groups In the 0-20cm soil layer mainly concentrated, this may mainly be coupled with the growth characteristic of vegetation root in wetland, i.e., most The root concentration of plant is grown in 0-20cm.Furthermore the constituent content (0-20cm and 20-40cm) of plant is significantly high under S4 locality All there was no significant difference in addition to TK between other groups, the wetland of three groups in Qinghai Lake Area, this and aboveground vegetation aggregate sample The feature of middle constituent content is consistent.Underground plant C/N ratio range is between 42.04-62.22% in group, C/P ratio Between 192-471.8%, N/P ratio is between 4.49-8.14%.C/N, C/P maximum value appear in the 20-40cm root of S3 In, and minimum value appears in the 20-40cm root of S4, the maximum value of N/P appears in the 0-20cm root of S1, and minimum value is in S4 0-20cm root in.Compared with each ratio in plant, C/N, C/P in subterraneous root are above aboveground vegetation, and N/P then changes not Obviously.

Constituent content in 15. different type wetland underground plant of table

(3) content of Soil sediment TOC, TN, TP, TK: per the variation for pressing stratigraphic unit analytical element in equally, knot Fruit hides high carelessly pasture TOC content in unit V (0-495a) highest, stratigraphic unit IV as shown in Figure 19-Figure 25, in Qinghai Lake (495-1303a) and III (1303-1536a) are substantially less than unit V (0-495a), stratigraphic unit II (1536-1768a) and I (1768-2058a) is substantially less than IV (495-1303a) and III (1303-1536a)；Qinghai Lake Hua Biansuicao group TOC content exists It is also that bottom unit IV (0-314a) is noticeably greater than other units, followed by II (314-1584a) and III in each stratigraphic unit (1584-5258a) is finally I (5258-7538a)；In Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa group the size order of its constituent content with Stratigraphic unit is on the contrary i.e.: III (0-257a) > II (257-702a) > I (702-1147a)；Hiding high careless wetland soil in three river sources areas cuts open In face, V (0-506a) and IV (506-4469a) are noticeably greater than other stratigraphic units, followed by II (13167-14306a) and I (14306-14762a), III (4469-13167a) are minimum.It is found after being compared to the entire profile of several wetlands, Qinghai Lake The TOC content highest in high careless wetland is hidden, is secondly the flat fringe grass wetland of Qinghai Lake China, is again the high careless wetland in three river sources areas hiding, TOC content in Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa wetland is minimum.TN, TP, TK and AVP, AVN the content size in each stratigraphic unit are suitable Sequence is substantially similar to TOC.

(4) in Soil sediment TOC and TN, TP, TK correlation: by TOC in four section Soil sediments with The correlation analysis of TN, TP, there are certain correlativities by discovery TOC content and TN, TP, TK, but correlation is generally poor, such as Shown in table 16.

16. soil organism of table and full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium correlation analysis

Note: Y is soil organic matter content, X₁For total nitrogen content of soil, X₂For Soil total nitrogen, X₃Contain for the full potassium of soil Amount

(5) in plant-soil systems main nutrient standing crop: large-scale vegetation is the main source of carbon, is being tieed up Holding stable, fixed deposit of marsh system etc. has critical effect.Vegetation pattern and biology in different wet land systems The significance difference opposite sex of amount cause its carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium reserves there is also significant differences, as seen from Table 17, firstly for plant For layer host element reserves, aerial plant carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium reserves are wet in the flat fringe grass wetland of Qinghai Lake China and the high grass in sources of three rivers hiding Significantly higher than other two kinds of wetlands on ground, the element reserves sequence of underground plant are the high careless wetland in sources of three rivers hiding > Qinghai Lake China The high careless wetland > Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa wetland in flat fringe grass wetland > Qinghai Lake hiding, the size of layer of plants above and below ground gross reserves are suitable Sequence is also high careless wetland (2196,53g/m in sources of three rivers hiding²、10.6、12.8mg/m²The flat fringe grass wetland of) > Qinghai Lake China (1791, 36g/m²、5、12.8mg/m²High careless wetland (1383,28.2g/m in) > Qinghai Lake hiding²、3.4、6.3mg/m²) > Qinghai Lake saline land phoenix Hair chrysanthemum wetland (222,5.4g/m²、0.8、2.7mg/m²).Secondly for soil deposit layer, topsoil (0-20cm) and sink The size order of product object (> 20cm) element reserves is all consistent, and the sequence of the element reserves in entire soil deposit layer is three rivers High careless wetland (115.1,4.4,0.017,0.022g/m in source hiding²The high careless wetland in) > Qinghai Lake hiding (98.2,3.4,0.008, 0.017g/m²) > Qinghai Lake China flat fringe grass wetland (73.6,3.4,0.008,0.016g/m²) > Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa wetland (9.0、0.8、0.003、0.017g/m²)。

The reserves of essential element in 17. vegetation of table-soil-deposit

Note: data are mean+SD in table；

(6) C:N, C:P, N:P in plant-Soil sediment: such as Figure 26, to aerial plant, root and the soil on four sample ground C:N, C:P, N:P of element are statisticallyd analyze respectively in earth, and throughout variation tendency always is plant roots in reason as the result is shown Portion is worth highest, is secondly aerial part, and the value in soil is minimum.C:N, C:P, N:P are in Qinghai Lake Hua Biansuicao group in plant Middle highest is secondly minimum for Qinghai Lake Zang Songcao group and Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa group, sources of three rivers Zang Songcao group.Root C:N, C:P, N:P are secondly the flat fringe grass of Qinghai Lake Zang Songcao group and Qinghai Lake China in Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa group highest Group, sources of three rivers Zang Songcao group are minimum.C:N, C:P, N:P of Soil sediment in Qinghai Lake Zang Songcao group highest, Secondary is Qinghai Lake Hua Biansuicao group, is again sources of three rivers Zang Songcao group, Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa group is minimum.

(7) deposition and cropland of main nutrient: calculated result shows (content of table 18 is shown in attached drawing 27), is studying In the high careless wetland in area's Qinghai Lake hiding, per hectare increase newly every year TOC, TN, TP, TK respectively reached 1.67t, 18.7kg, 4.0kg, 75.9kg.Its cropland is calculated separately to five stratigraphic units, as the result is shown unit III (1303-1536a) > V (0- of unit 495a) > unit II (1536-1768a) > unit IV (495-1303a) > unit I (1768-2058a).The flat fringe grass of Qinghai Lake China is wet In ground, per hectare increases TOC, TN, TP, TK newly every year and has respectively reached 33.6kg, 5.3kg, 1.6kg, 17.3kg.To four stratum Unit calculates separately its cropland, as the result is shown unit IV (0-314a) > unit III (314-1584a) > unit II (1584- 5258a) > unit I (5258-7538a).In Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa wetland, per hectare increases TOC, TN, TP, TK points newly every year 343kg, 11.1kg, 2.7kg, 145.8kg are not reached.Its cropland is calculated separately to three stratigraphic units, as the result is shown Unit III (0-257a) > unit II (257-702a) > unit I (702-1147a).In the high careless wetland in three river sources areas hiding, per hectare Newly-increased TOC, TN, TP, TK respectively reach 250kg, 7.8kg, 1.7kg, 23.5kg every year.It is calculated separately to five stratigraphic units Cropland, as the result is shown unit V (0-506a) > unit I (14306-14762a) > unit II (13167-14306a) > unit IV (506-4469a) > unit III (4469-13167a).

The unit nearest from the age now is topsoil nearest from the ground in the several wetland stratigraphic units of comparative analysis Earth, as a result, it has been found that the fixed rate and cropland of the flat fringe grass of Qinghai Lake China are all far longer than other wetlands, it is secondly Qinghai Lake The high careless wetland of high careless wetland and sources of three rivers hiding is hidden, Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa wetland is significantly less than other wetlands.This result with The result of several wetland plant amounts and cover degree etc. is coupled, this explanation is under the same or similar weather conditions in Soil sediment The fixed rate and cropland of each element are mainly influenced by plant characteristics.

By comparing the fixed rate and cropland of several mesophytia entire period (section) host elements from development, The results show that Qinghai Lake is hidden, high careless wetland is maximum to the enriching rate of element, and the flat fringe grass wetland of Qinghai Lake China and Qinghai Lake are saline land Phoenix hair chrysanthemum wetland takes second place, and hiding high careless wetland in three river sources areas is minimum.Since the age of each wetlands ecosystems development is different, and It is generated in different topography environment this as a result, additionally by deposition rate, vegetation characteristics, anthropic factor, climatic factor Etc. influence.

By above-mentioned analysis of experimental data:

(1) feature of high and cold Marsh Wetland host element: the constituent content analysis discovery three of the vegetation in four Ge Yangdi groups In the wetland of the Jiangyuan District marsh Zang Song in addition to TK, the three modes that TC, TN, TP are significantly higher than other Qinghai Lake Regions are fallen, and green The three modes of extra large lake region fall between without significant difference.Sources of three rivers hides constituent content (0-20cm and the 20- of plant under high careless locality 40cm) be significantly higher than other groups, all there was no significant difference in addition to TK between the wetland of three groups in Qinghai Lake Area, this and plant on the ground It is consistent to be mixed constituent content feature in sample.Soil sediment elemental analysis discovery, Qinghai Lake hide the TOC content in high careless wetland Secondly highest is the flat fringe grass wetland of Qinghai Lake China, be again the high careless wetland in three river sources areas hiding, in Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa wetland TOC content it is minimum.Plant nitrogen, phosphorus element content and Soil Nitrogen, phosphorus element content simultaneously do not have significant correlation.It influences to plant The internal cause of object nutritive element content is the characteristic of plant species, and external cause is environment (such as weather, soil) condition that they grow.

(2) influence of weather and vegetation to alpine wetland ecosystem carbon, nitrogen library: comprehensive Qinghai Lake hides high marsh wetland High two sections of marsh wetland are hidden with sources of three rivers, remove the record of closer 20cm from the ground, soil organic matter content is higher, Pollen amount is larger, deposition rate higher period is 13.2-14.3ka, 1300a or so, and the climate condition in this stage is respectively It is warm and humid, warm up it is wet, and in Holocene Megathermal due to water flow exchange it is vigorous so that Marsh Wetland stop development.It buries for a long time It is heavy by mineral that organic matter is likely to represent a kind of original place product (hay, rubble, aquatic and subterraneous root) and external organic matter The compound that product effect generates.The depth distribution feature of the soil organism and the growth course of soil profile are closely related, with depth Degree increases, and the source quantity of organic matter is constantly reduced, and Soil ages increase, and the content of organic matter caused by decomposition reduces width Degree increases, and the content of organic matter is constantly reduced.It is flat in initial 1ka due to the decomposition of deep soil horizon and compaction after burying Increase and accumulation rate reduces.The final quantity for burying carbon (and nitrogen and phosphorus) and palustrine variation respond related for a long time.

(3) four kinds of wetland element deposition rates and potentiality: Qinghai Lake hides high marsh wetland (S1), the flat fringe grass of Qinghai Lake China The net primary of Marsh Wetland (S2), Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa Marsh Wetland (S3) and the three river sources areas marsh Zang Song wetland (S4) Output (on the ground, underground) output is respectively 5.2 (0.2 and 5.0) kg/m², 7.3 (0.6 and 6.7) kg/m², 1.1 (0.2 Hes 0.9)kg/m², 6.2 (0.6 and 5.6) kg/m².The score of plant root cap is not 26.4,11.6,5.1 and 9.5.Illustrate different bogs Due to being influenced by various different factors, Plant aboveground, underground biomass and photosynthate are allocated type in plant different parts.

The ground that is calculated according to output and vegetation element, underground vegetation carbon fixation amount be as the result is shown: gross reserves Size order be the high careless wetland (2196g/m in sources of three rivers hiding²The flat fringe grass wetland (1791g/m of) > Qinghai Lake China²) > Qinghai Lake hiding is high Careless wetland (1383g/m²) > Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa wetland (222,5.4g/m²)；And the element reserves in soil deposit layer Sequence is the high careless wetland (115.1g/m in sources of three rivers hiding²The high careless wetland (98.2g/m in) > Qinghai Lake hiding²The flat fringe grass of) > Qinghai Lake China is wet Ground (73.6g/m²) > Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa wetland (9.0g/m²).The carbon ability that stores for illustrating soil is not the input energy with carbon Power is proportional, and different type Marsh Wetland is obvious to the sedimentary difference of carbon.The wetland of same type, in development evening, ponding is few, then stores up Carbon-coating is thin.In reserves research, sampling and analysis, calculation method, parameter Estimation (such as bulk density) and soil thickness etc. Existing kind of species diversity also easily leads to soil carbon within the scope of large scale, biggish variability occurs in the estimation of nitrogen library.

The present embodiment by plant in research area type wetland, topsoil, in deposit main nutrient survey It is fixed, in conjunction with the deposition rate of deposit, the fixed rate and cropland of each main nutrient of wetland section are calculated, it is main Conclusion is as follows:

(1) different phytobiocoenoses are obvious to the difference of different element selective absorbings and accumulation, element contents and soil Earth constituent content does not simultaneously have significant correlation.The constituent content analysis of vegetation in four Ge Yangdi groups finds three river sources areas It hides in high marsh wetland in addition to TK, the three modes that TC, TN, TP are significantly higher than other Qinghai Lake Regions are fallen, and Qinghai Lake Area Three modes fall between without significant difference.Sources of three rivers hides the constituent content (0-20cm and 20-40cm) of plant under high careless locality It is significantly higher than other groups, all there was no significant difference in addition to TK between the wetland of three groups in Qinghai Lake Area, this and aboveground vegetation The feature of constituent content is consistent in aggregate sample.Soil sediment elemental analysis discovery, Qinghai Lake hide the TOC in high careless wetland Secondly content highest is the flat fringe grass wetland of Qinghai Lake China, be again the high careless wetland in three river sources areas hiding, Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa is wet TOC content in ground is minimum.

(2) for layer of plants host element reserves, aerial plant carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium reserves in the Qinghai Lake flat fringe grass wetland of China and Sources of three rivers hides significantly higher than other two kinds of wetlands of high careless wetland, and the element reserves sequence of underground plant is that sources of three rivers hides high grass The high careless wetland > Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa wetland in the wetland > flat fringe grass wetland of Qinghai Lake China > Qinghai Lake hiding, layer of plants above and below ground The size order of gross reserves is also high careless wetland (219.6,5.3,1.06,1.28kg/m in sources of three rivers hiding²The flat fringe grass of) > Qinghai Lake China Wetland (179.1,3.6,0.5,1.28kg/m²High careless wetland (138.3,2.82,0.34,0.63kg/m in) > Qinghai Lake hiding²) > Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa wetland (22.2,0.54,0.08,0.27kg/m²)。

(3) for soil deposit layer, the size order of topsoil (0-20cm) and deposit (> 20cm) element reserves is all Unanimously, the sequence of the element reserves in entire soil deposit layer be the high careless wetland in sources of three rivers hiding (11.51,0.44,0.17, 2.21kg/m²High careless wetland (9.82,0.34,0.08,1.69kg/m in) > Qinghai Lake hiding²The flat fringe grass wetland of) > Qinghai Lake China (7.36, 0.34、0.08、1.64kg/m²) > Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa wetland (0.90,0.08,0.03,1.65kg/m²)。

(4) in the high careless wetland in Qinghai Lake hiding, per hectare increase newly every year TOC, TN, TP, TK respectively reached 1.67t, In the flat fringe grass wetland of 18.7kg, 4.0kg, 75.9kg Qinghai Lake China, per hectare increases TOC, TN, TP, TK newly every year and respectively reaches 33.6kg,5.3kg,1.6kg,17.3kg.In Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa wetland, per hectare increases TOC, TN, TP, TK points newly every year 343kg, 11.1kg, 2.7kg, 145.8kg are not reached.In the high careless wetland in three river sources areas hiding, per hectare increase newly every year TOC, TN, TP, TK have respectively reached 250kg, 7.8kg, 1.7kg, 23.5kg.

The present invention is with the regional three kinds of Typical Wetlands (QHHS) of north shore of Qinghai lake and three river sources areas Typical Alpine Marsh Wetland (GLS) as research sampling point, the artificial section of each Typical Wetland type is utilized, it is intended to by Marsh Wetland Exemplary deposition section Structure, Age Indices, physical index (magnetic susceptibility, granularity) and chemical index (organic matter Stable Isotopic Analysis, bioactive elemements, Rb/Sr ratio) record high-resolution, it is comprehensive dissect, establish stratum and palaeoenvironment relationship；By combine organic carbon isotope and Spore Pollen Records analyze vegetation succession process to obtain following result:

(1) four kinds of Marsh Wetland its developmental stages that light releases that flash ranging obtains are different, and four kinds of Marsh Wetlands are mainly in gas Hou Younuan does and is formed when changing to humid period, and due to being influenced by whole world change and human factor since self-forming, deposition is simultaneously Non- development in a linear relationship at any time.Result of study is shown: Qinghai Lake China flat fringe marsh wetland is developed in 8.436 ± 0.6ka, Qinghai Lake hides the development of high marsh wetland in 2.058 ± 0.11ka, the development of Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa Marsh Wetland in 1.143 ± 0.20ka, sources of three rivers hide high marsh wetland development in 14.8 ± 0.11ka.Qinghai from the point of view of the average sedimentation rate of the entire profile Saussurea salsa wetland deposition in lake is most fast (0.63mm/a), and the high careless wetland in Qinghai Lake hiding takes second place (0.39mm/a), and Qinghai Lake China is flat The high careless wetland of fringe wetland and sources of three rivers hiding is most slow (0.09mm/a).

(2) according to Wetland Sediments midship section structure, Age Indices, physical index (magnetic susceptibility, granularity) and chemical index The environmental change of (organic matter Stable Isotopic Analysis, bioactive elemements, Rb/Sr ratio) index instruction can be by Marsh Wetland section point At different stratigraphic units.Qinghai Lake hides high marsh wetland section (S1) and is segmented into five stratigraphic units i.e.: I 1768- 2058a (65-80cm) is cold wet, and II 1536-1768a (53-65cm) is cold dry, and III 1303-1536a (42-53cm) warms up wet warm dry friendship It replaces, IV 495-1303a (21-42cm) is cold wet, and V 0-495a (0-21cm) warms up wet；The flat fringe marsh wetland section of Qinghai Lake China (S2) be divided into four stratigraphic units i.e.: I 5258-7538a (59-71cm) is cold dry, II 1584-5258a (47-59cm) Wen Gan, and III 314-1584a (26-47cm) Wen Gan, IV 0-314a (0-26cm) are warm dry；Qinghai Lake China Saussurea salsa Marsh Wetland section (S3) be divided into three stratigraphic units i.e.: I 1147-702a (56-72cm) is cold wet, and II 702-257a (23-56cm) fluctuation is larger, III 0-257a (0-23cm) is warm dry；Sources of three rivers hides high marsh wetland section (S4) and is segmented into five stratigraphic units i.e.: I 14.76-14.31ka (116-147cm) is wet, and II 14.31-13.17ka (86-116cm) is warm and humid, III 13.17-4.47ka (47- 86cm) the big warm period, IV 4.47-0.51ka (17-47cm) is cold dry, and V 0-0.51ka (0-17cm) is warm dry.

Species composition, diversity indices and the grass economic category of (3) four kinds of Marsh Wetland vegetational types have significantly different.Qinghai The lake basin marsh Zang Song mesophytia (S1) is made of 23 kinds of plants, is subordinate to 10 sections, and 21 belong to, and sociales are to hide high grass (14.7%), this sociales is carex moorcroftii (8.5%)；Hua Biansuicao group (S2) is made of 18 kinds of plants, is subordinate to 13 sections, and 17 Belong to, sociales are that the flat fringe of China is careless (18.78%), and secondary sociales are carex moorcroftii (10.95%)+bright capsule sedge (9.0%)；Salt Di Fengmao chrysanthemum group (S3) is made of 9 kinds of plants, is subordinate to 6 sections, and 9 belong to, and the importance value of sociales reed is 18.58%, secondary advantage Kind is Saussurea salsa (17.57%)+nakedflower alkali thatch (15.63%).Hiding high careless hygropium (S4) in three river sources areas is planted by 20 kinds Object composition is subordinate to 9 sections, and 18 belong to, and the importance value that sociales hide high grass is 24.43%, and secondary sociales are that the flat fringe of China is careless (20.1%).

The size of Shannon diversity indices is suitable to be shown to the plant characteristic value measurement result of several Alpine-Cold Wetland groups Sequence is S1 > S2 > S4 > S3.High careless hygropium (S1) vegetation cover degree in Qinghai Lake hiding is relatively large, and vegetation height is lower, Qinghai Lake High careless hygropium (S4) vegetation cover degree of Hua Biansuicao group (S2) and three river sources areas hiding is larger, and vegetation height is also higher, but not Be S2 evenness index it is still higher, and the evenness index of S4 is lower；Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa group (S3) Vegetation cover degree, vegetation height are also minimum, but evenness index highest.

Four kinds of Alpine-Cold Wetland different function group's geodyte differences are obvious, and the phytomass of sedge accounts for absolutely excellent in S1 Gesture is the 71% of total aboveground phylomass, and dogstail and weeds account for 6.6% and 22.4%；In S2 be also sedge amount highest and The 80.7% of the total aboveground phylomass of Zhan, dogstail and weeds account for 28% and 16%；Dominant its of dogstail phytomass accounts on generally in S3 The 74% of phytomass, weeds account for 26%.The height of the aboveground phylomass of four kinds of Alpine-Cold Wetlands, underground biomass and total phytomass is arranged Sequence is all are as follows: S2 > S1 > S3.Illustrate the primary productivity highest of S2 group.

(4) high marsh wetland hidden to Qinghai Lake and sources of three rivers hides the deposit of high marsh wetland and makees spore-pollen analysis, tied Fruit shows: sources of three rivers hides 47 samples of high marsh wetland profile analysis, identifies 16732 in total, adheres to 21 sections 25 category separately, Wherein there are 3 kinds of arbor cryptogams, 20 kinds of draft pollen and 2 kinds of shrub pollen.Cyperaceae accounts for 83%, the high careless profile analysis in Qinghai Lake hiding 24 samples, identify 8260 in total, adhere to 17 sections 20 category separately, wherein there is 3 kinds of arbor cryptogams, 15 kinds of draft pollen and 2 kinds Shrub pollen.Cyperaceae accounts for 79%.When cryptogam concentration and type reflect wetland development history with the variation characteristic of depth profiled The change procedure of phase weather and vegetation.Organic carbon, organic matter Stable Isotopic Analysis and cryptogam are all the generations for indicating coupling relationship With index, result, which is mutually coincide, mutually confirms, and enhances the confidence level of environmental proxies.

(5) different phytobiocoenoses are obvious to the difference of different element selective absorbings and accumulation, element contents and soil Earth constituent content does not simultaneously have significant correlation.The constituent content analysis of vegetation in four Ge Yangdi groups finds three river sources areas It hides in high marsh wetland in addition to TK, the three modes that TC, TN, TP are significantly higher than other Qinghai Lake Regions are fallen, and Qinghai Lake Area Three modes fall between without significant difference.Sources of three rivers hides the constituent content (0-20cm and 20-40cm) of plant under high careless locality It is significantly higher than other groups, all there was no significant difference in addition to TK between the wetland of three groups in Qinghai Lake Area, this and aboveground vegetation The feature of constituent content is consistent in aggregate sample.Soil sediment elemental analysis discovery, Qinghai Lake hide the TOC in high careless wetland Secondly content highest is the flat fringe grass wetland of Qinghai Lake China, be again the high careless wetland in three river sources areas hiding, Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa is wet TOC content in ground is minimum.

(6) for layer of plants host element reserves, aerial plant carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium reserves in the Qinghai Lake flat fringe grass wetland of China and Sources of three rivers hides significantly higher than other two kinds of wetlands of high careless wetland, and the element reserves sequence of underground plant is that sources of three rivers hides high grass The high careless wetland > Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa wetland in the wetland > flat fringe grass wetland of Qinghai Lake China > Qinghai Lake hiding, layer of plants above and below ground The size order of gross reserves is also high careless wetland (219.6,5.3,1.06,1.28kg/m in sources of three rivers hiding²The flat fringe grass of) > Qinghai Lake China Wetland (179.1,3.6,0.5,1.28kg/m²High careless wetland (138.3,2.82,0.34,0.63kg/m in) > Qinghai Lake hiding²) > Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa wetland (22.2,0.54,0.08,0.27kg/m²).Secondly for soil deposit layer, topsoil (0- It is 20cm) all consistent with the size order of deposit (> 20cm) element reserves, element reserves in entire soil deposit layer it is suitable Sequence is high careless wetland (11.51,0.44,0.17,2.21kg/m in sources of three rivers hiding²The high careless wetland in) > Qinghai Lake hiding (9.82,0.34, 0.08、1.69kg/m²) > Qinghai Lake China flat fringe grass wetland (7.36,0.34,0.08,1.64kg/m²) > Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa Wetland (0.90,0.08,0.03,1.65kg/m²)

(7) in the high careless wetland in Qinghai Lake hiding, per hectare increase newly every year TOC, TN, TP, TK respectively reached 1.67t, In the flat fringe grass wetland of 18.7kg, 4.0kg, 75.9kg Qinghai Lake China, per hectare increases TOC, TN, TP, TK newly every year and respectively reaches 33.6kg,5.3kg,1.6kg,17.3kg.In Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa wetland, per hectare increases TOC, TN, TP, TK points newly every year 343kg, 11.1kg, 2.7kg, 145.8kg are not reached.In the high careless wetland in three river sources areas hiding, per hectare increase newly every year TOC, TN, TP, TK have respectively reached 250kg, 7.8kg, 1.7kg, 23.5kg.

Quantitative study using method of the invention to three river sources areas and Qinghai Lake Area Typical marsh-wetland deposit, parsing The Ages of Development of all kinds of wetlands and since the development under whole world change its environment and vegetation During Succession, to disclose blueness Feasibility of the highland and severe cold Marsh Wetland deposit as inverting itself succession of Paleoenvironment carrier is hidden, is that the Recent Epoch is regional Climate change provides certain evidence；By being ground to wetland soil element deposition feature and cropland under long time scale Study carefully, disclose the relationship of whole world change and soil element deposition, for it is later more accurate, deeper into understanding soil member under time scale Plain dynamic provides responding to global change and its feedback mechanism important basis.

Place, those skilled in the art can not select from the prior art to the greatest extent in the embodiment of the present invention.

Disclosed above is only a specific embodiment of the invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, is appointed What those familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can easily think of the change or the replacement, answer It is included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with above-mentioned scope of protection of the claims It is quasi-.

Claims

1. a kind of research method of high and cold Marsh Wetland, which is characterized in that the described method comprises the following steps:

Establish Ages of Sediments scale, the development characteristics and development for being used to disclose different type wetland make itself and deposition rate with Coupling between Global climate change；

It determines environmental proxies, is used to disclose the Paleoenvironment of recorded in sediments in soil Different Strata unit, tentatively The environmental change that it undergoes since development of all types of wetlands is restored；

The evolutionary process for determining paleovegetation is used to disclose the environmental aspect of optimum muskeg growth；

It determines to manage mainly and supports element deposition feature, be used to disclose the deposition characteristics of wetland development its host element of different times.

2. a kind of research method of high and cold Marsh Wetland as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described to establish deposit year It is using Optical dating and/or AMS for scale¹⁴C technology determines geological epoch, then comparative analysis difference Wetland Type The deposition rate of development time and organic matter；The environmental proxies be Soil sediment in stable organic carbon isotope, Magnetic susceptibility, average particle size and geochemical indicators；The evolutionary process of the determining paleovegetation is all kinds of using spore-pollen analysis acquisition The evolutionary process of vegetation since type wetland is developed.

3. a kind of research method of high and cold Marsh Wetland as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that member is supported in the determining main management Plain deposition characteristics are by vegetation-soil-Sediment Interface main nutrient content in analysis wetland, in conjunction with each section Stratigraphic unit, deposition rate, the soil weight calculate the main nutrient of different type wetland fixed rate and crystallized ability.

4. a kind of research method of high and cold Marsh Wetland as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the magnetic susceptibility is to utilize The MS2 type Portable magnetic rate instrument of Bartington company, Britain production carries out magnetic susceptibility measurement to sediment sample；It is described flat Equal granularity is to produce to test on Mastersizer2000 particle size analyzer using Britain to complete；The organic carbon measurement is by suspended particulate Sediment sample after object and grinding is acidified with the analysis pure hydrochloric acid of 6N, after removing inorganic carbonate salt component therein, is used Distillation is washed to neutrality, is placed in 80 DEG C of constant temperature and dries overnight, then sample is measured with potassium bichromate titrimetric method.

5. a kind of research method of high and cold Marsh Wetland as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the marshland is Qinghai The magnificent flat fringe marsh wetland of the lake marsh Zang Song wetland, Qinghai Lake, Qinghai Lake Saussurea salsa Marsh Wetland and three river sources areas hiding High marsh wetland.

6. a kind of research method of high and cold Marsh Wetland as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that the determining paleovegetation Evolutionary process specifically: analysis cryptogam indicate in Marsh Wetland deposit the meaning of paleovegetation, Marsh Wetland vegetational type and The pass of the vegetation environmental situation of relationship, cryptogam wetland between topsoil pollen, other plant cover wetland indexs and cryptogam data System.

7. a kind of research method of high and cold Marsh Wetland as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the spore-pollen analysis is to adopt Cryptogam is obtained with heavy-fluid extraction method；The result feature of the phytobiocoenose includes plant relative coverage, plant relative altitude, plant Opposite phytomass and Importance value；The processing of the cryptogam data includes calculating pollen percents and pollen absolute concentration.

8. a kind of research method of high and cold Marsh Wetland as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that member is supported in the determining main management Plain deposition characteristics it is specific behaviour include:

Total organic carbon in plant above and below the ground, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium content are measured respectively；

Measure total organic carbon, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium content in Soil sediment；

Analyze the correlation of total organic carbon and full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium content in Soil sediment；

Analyze the standing crop of main nutrient in plant-soil systems；

Analyze carbon-nitrogen ratio, carbon-phosphorus ratio, N/P ratio in plant-Soil sediment；

Analyze the deposition and cropland of main nutrient.

9. a kind of research method of high and cold Marsh Wetland as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the process of the measurement is Using the total organic carbon of TOC organic carbon analysis instrument measurement sample, using in Vario EL III elemental analyser measurement sample Full nitrogen, disappearing to boil using sulfuric acid-perchloric acid measures full phosphorus in sample with molybdenum-antimony anti-spectrophotometric method, is disappeared using sulfuric acid-perchloric acid and is boiled With the full potassium of flame spectrophotometric determination sample；The main nutrient includes total organic carbon, full nitrogen, full phosphorus, full potassium.