CN111238327B - Method for drilling blast holes in hard rock and blasting by using blast holes - Google Patents
Method for drilling blast holes in hard rock and blasting by using blast holes Download PDFInfo
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- CN111238327B CN111238327B CN202010130784.5A CN202010130784A CN111238327B CN 111238327 B CN111238327 B CN 111238327B CN 202010130784 A CN202010130784 A CN 202010130784A CN 111238327 B CN111238327 B CN 111238327B
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- hole
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and particularly relates to a method for drilling blast holes in hard rock and blasting by using the blast holes, wherein the method changes the structure of the blast holes in the hard rock, optimizes the construction process, improves the construction efficiency of the blast holes and reduces the construction cost by arranging variable-diameter blast holes and arranging drilling areas; the blasting device is reasonably arranged, explosives and initiating explosive bags are arranged in the limited space of the reducing blast hole, the explosive charging structure is optimized, the explosive energy is fully utilized, rocks around the blast hole are fully crushed, and the blasting effect is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and particularly relates to a method for drilling blast holes in hard rock and blasting by using the blast holes.
Background
Mining ores in a unit mine by using a sublevel caving method, wherein the sublevel height is 60 meters, the sublevel height is 12 meters, the stoping route interval is 11 meters, and stoping is carried out from top to bottom according to the sublevel height; and constructing a vertical upward fan-shaped medium-length hole in a stoping access roadway. And filling explosive into the medium-length hole for blasting.
The medium-length hole construction is a main link of sublevel caving mining, and the medium-length hole construction efficiency, construction cost and construction quality directly influence the blasting effect, the mine production capacity and the mine economic benefit. When hard rock (the rock firmness coefficient f is more than or equal to 8), the practical problems of low construction efficiency, long construction time, overlarge drill bit consumption and the like can occur in the medium-length hole construction process, and the requirements of production and safety can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems and the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for drilling a blast hole of hard rock and blasting by using the blast hole, which is used for solving the problems of low construction efficiency, long construction time and overlarge drill bit consumption in the construction of the blast hole of the hard rock.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method of blast hole drilling and blasting hard rock using a blast hole, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: setting a diameter-variable blast hole, and setting the length range of the blast hole from the orifice to the bottom of the hole to be d with different diameters at equal intervals1Diameter blast hole, d2Diameter blast hole, d3Diameter blast hole and d4A blast hole with a diameter blast hole;
step 2: setting a drilling area for drilling the length of the blast hole from the opening to the bottom of the hole in hard rock according to d1Diameter blast hole, d2Diameter blast hole, d3Diameter blast hole and d4The equal-distance areas of blast holes corresponding to the diameter blast holes are sequentially arranged into a first drilling area, a second drilling area, a third drilling area and a fourth drilling area;
and step 3: set up blasting unit, adorn the explosive in the powder charge room of a plurality of powder charge shells, use the connecting rod to be equipped with the powder charge shell of explosive and connect and place at first chisel system region to fourth chisel system regional within range, the initiating explosive package is installed inside the connecting rod near the bottom of the big gun hole, the end of keeping away from the bottom of the big gun hole at the initiating explosive package is installed to the initiating explosive, the initiating explosive foot line passes through the connecting rod inside and extends to d1The diameter blast hole is connected with the detonating primer foot line outside the hole, and the detonating primer foot line outside the hole is connected with the detonating system.
Further, in step 1, the diameter of the blast hole from the hole opening to the hole bottom is d1=90㎜、d2=85㎜、d3=80 mm and d4=75㎜。
Further, in step 2, drill bits of phi 65 mm, phi 60 mm, phi 55 mm and phi 50 mm are respectively used, and a medium-length hole rock drill is used for sequentially drilling d in the first drilling area1The diameter blast hole =90 mm blast hole and d in the second chiseling area2Diameter blast hole =85 mm blast hole, d in the third chiseling area3Diameter blast hole =80 mm blast hole and d in the fourth chiseling area4And the diameter blast hole =75 mm blast hole.
Further, in step 2, the lengths of the first, second, third and fourth drilling sections are 3-4 m.
Further, in the step 3, the medicine-filling shells made of the antistatic plastics are cylindrical, the length of the medicine-filling shells is 30-40mm, and a connecting hole is formed in each medicine-filling shell.
Further, in step 3, the diameters of the powder charge shells in the range from the first drilling area to the fourth drilling area are respectively set to be D1=80㎜、 D2=75㎜、D3=70 mm and D4=65㎜。
Furthermore, the initiating explosive package consists of three to four sections of cylindrical explosive rolls with the diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the connecting rod, and the length of each section of the explosive roll is 300-400 mm.
Furthermore, the connecting rod is made of anti-static hollow plastic.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention changes the blast hole structure of hard rock, changes the blast hole structure of hard rock by arranging the reducing blast holes, changes the blast hole structure of one diameter in the full depth range into the blast hole structure of different depth ranges and different diameters, and one deep hole consists of a plurality of shallow holes with different diameters.
2) The construction method optimizes one construction process of a deep hole of a hard rock into a plurality of shallow holes and a plurality of continuous construction processes by arranging the chiseling area, and the second shallow hole construction is continuously carried out on the basis of the completion of the first shallow hole construction.
3) The invention ensures that a deep hard rock hole is composed of a plurality of shallow holes with different diameters, the one-time construction process of the deep hard rock hole is optimized to be a plurality of shallow holes and a plurality of continuous construction processes, the construction efficiency of the shallow holes is far higher than that of the deep holes, and the construction efficiency of a reducing blast hole is higher than that of the deep hole.
4) With the increase of the depth of the blast hole, the resistance and the torque of the drill bit are continuously increased, the consumption of the drill bit is continuously increased, and more than ten drill bits are consumed for deep hole construction of hard rock. The invention optimizes one deep hole construction into a plurality of shallow hole constructions, reduces the consumption of the drill bit by 2.5-3 times, and reduces the construction cost of the hard rock deep hole to the maximum extent.
5) According to the invention, by arranging the blasting device, the explosive, the initiating explosive package and the initiating detonator are reasonably arranged in the limited space of the reducing blast hole, and the initiating detonator, the initiating explosive package and the explosive interact with each other to fully break rocks around the blast hole, so that the blasting effect is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a diameter-variable blast hole and a corresponding drilling area arrangement structure of the blast hole according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the field assembly of the blasting apparatus of FIG. 1;
figure 3 is a front view of the charge case of figure 2.
In the figure: 1. d1Diameter of blast hole, 2. d2Diameter of blast hole, 3. d3Diameter of blast hole, 4. d4The method comprises the following steps of drilling a hole, 5, a first drilling area, 6, a second drilling area, 7, a third drilling area, 8, a fourth drilling area, 9, the bottom of the hole, 10, an initiating explosive charge, 11, an initiating detonator, 12, an initiating detonator leg wire, 13, a connecting rod, 14, explosive, 15, a charging shell, 16, a charging hole, 17, a blocking object, 18, an initiating detonator leg wire outside the hole, 19, an initiating system, 20, hard rock, 21, a charging shell connecting hole and 22, a charging chamber.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
1-3, a method of hole drilling and blasting hard rock with a blast hole, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1: setting a diameter-variable blast hole, and setting the length range of the blast hole from the orifice to the bottom of the hole to be d with different diameters at equal intervals1Diameter blast hole 1, d2 Diameter blast hole 2, d3Diameter blastholes 3 and d4The diameter of the blast hole 4 is d from the hole opening to the hole bottom1=90㎜、d2=85㎜、d3=80 mm and d4=75㎜；
Step 2: providing a drilling zone for drilling a hole in hard rock 20 from the opening to the bottom of the hole in a length d1Diameter blast hole 1, d2 Diameter blast hole 2, d3Diameter blastholes 3 and d4Sequentially arranging blast hole equidistant areas corresponding to the diameter blast hole 4 into a first drilling area 5, a second drilling area 6, a third drilling area 7 and a fourth drilling area 8, wherein the lengths of the first drilling area 5, the second drilling area 6, the third drilling area 7 and the fourth drilling area 8 are 3-4m, respectively using drill bits with the diameters of 65 mm, 60 mm, 55 mm and 50 mm in a stoping roadway, and sequentially drilling d in the first drilling area 5 by using a medium-depth hole rock drilling machine1A diameter blast hole of 1=90 mm, and d in the second chisel area 62 Diameter hole 2=85 mm, d in the third chiseling area 73A diameter blast hole of 3=80 mm and d in the fourth chiseling region 84The diameter blast hole is 4=75 mm;
and step 3: arranging a blasting device, arranging explosives 14 in a loading chamber 22 of a plurality of loading shells 15, wherein the loading shells 15 made of antistatic plastics are cylindrical and have the length of 30-40mm, a connecting hole 21 is arranged in each loading shell 15, and the diameters of the loading shells 15 in the ranges from the first chiseling area 5 to the fourth chiseling area 8 are respectively set to be D1=80㎜、 D2=75㎜、D3=70 mm and D4And =65 mm, connecting the explosive shells 15 filled with the explosive 14 together by using a connecting rod 13 made of anti-static hollow-core plastics, wherein the length of the initiating explosive package 10 is 0.9-1.2 m, the initiating explosive package 10 is arranged inside the connecting rod 13 close to the bottom 9 of the blast hole, the initiating detonator 11 is arranged at the end part of the initiating explosive package 10 far away from the bottom 9 of the blast hole, the initiating explosive package 10 consists of three to four cylindrical explosive sticks of which the diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the connecting rod 13, the length of each explosive stick is 300-400mm, and the foot line 12 of the initiating detonator extends to d through the inside of the connecting rod 131Outside the diameter blast hole 1 and connected with the detonating primer foot line 18 outside the hole, close to d1Connecting rods 13 and d at outlet of diameter blast hole 11The diameter blast holes 1 are filled with plugs 17, and the detonating detonator foot lines 18 outside the holes are connected with a detonating system 19 and are detonated at selected time.
Claims (8)
1. A method of blast hole drilling and blasting in hard rock, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: a diameter-variable blast hole is arranged,d for setting the blast hole to be different diameters at equal intervals in the length range from the orifice to the bottom of the hole1Diameter blast hole (1), d2Diameter blast hole (2), d3Diameter blast holes (3) and d4A diameter blast hole (4);
step 2: setting a drilling zone for drilling a hole in hard rock (20) over a length ranging from the opening to the bottom of the hole according to d1Diameter blast hole (1), d2Diameter blast hole (2), d3Diameter blast holes (3) and d4The blast hole equidistant areas corresponding to the diameter blast holes (4) are sequentially arranged into a first drilling area (5), a second drilling area (6), a third drilling area (7) and a fourth drilling area (8);
and step 3: arranging a blasting device, loading explosive (14) into a loading chamber (22) of a plurality of loading shells (15) through loading holes (16) arranged on the loading shells (15), connecting the loading shells (15) together by using a connecting rod (13) and placing the loading shells in the range from a first drilling area (5) to a fourth drilling area (8), arranging a primary explosive package (10) inside the connecting rod (13) close to the bottom (9) of the blast hole, arranging a primary detonator (11) at the end part of the primary explosive package (10) far away from the bottom (9) of the blast hole, and extending a primary detonator leg wire (12) to d through the inside of the connecting rod (13)1The diameter blast hole (1) is connected with an outer-hole detonating primer foot line (18), and the outer-hole detonating primer foot line (18) is connected with a detonating system (19).
2. A method of hard rock blasthole drilling and blasting using blastholes as defined in claim 1 wherein in step 1, the blasthole diameters are d from the hole opening to the hole bottom1=90㎜、d2=85㎜、d3=80 mm and d4=75㎜。
3. A method of blast hole drilling of a hard rock and blasting using a blast hole as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step 2, the first drilling section (5) is drilled in sequence using a medium-depth hole drilling machine using drill bits of phi 65 mm, phi 60 mm, phi 55 mm and phi 50 mm, respectivelyInner d1A hole (1) with the diameter of 90 mm and d in the second drilling area (6)2A hole (2) with the diameter of 85 mm and d in a third drilling area (7)3The diameter of the blast hole (3) is not less than 80 mm, and d in the fourth chiseling area (8)4And (5) making a diameter hole (4) of 75 mm.
4. A method of hard rock hole drilling and blasting using a hole according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2 the first drilling section (5), the second drilling section (6), the third drilling section (7) and the fourth drilling section (8) have a length of 3-4 m.
5. A method of hard rock borehole drilling and blast using a borehole as defined in claim 1, characterized in that in said step 3, said charge shells (15) made of antistatic plastic are cylindrical and have a length of 30-40mm, and a connection hole (21) is provided in each charge shell (15).
6. A method of hard rock blasthole drilling and blasting using blastholes as defined in claim 1, characterized in that in step 3, the diameters of the charge shells (15) in the range of the first drilling zone (5) to the fourth drilling zone (8) are set to D, respectively1=80㎜、 D2=75㎜、D3=70 mm and D4=65㎜。
7. A method of hard rock borehole drilling and blasting using a borehole as defined in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the initiating charge (10) consists of three to four sections of cylindrical cartridges having a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the connecting rod (13), each section of cartridges having a length of 300-400 mm.
8. A method of hard rock blasthole drilling and blast using blastholes as defined in claim 7 in which said connecting rods (13) are anti-static hollow plastic rods.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010130784.5A CN111238327B (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-02-28 | Method for drilling blast holes in hard rock and blasting by using blast holes |
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| CN202010130784.5A CN111238327B (en) | 2020-02-28 | 2020-02-28 | Method for drilling blast holes in hard rock and blasting by using blast holes |
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| CN111238327A CN111238327A (en) | 2020-06-05 |
| CN111238327B true CN111238327B (en) | 2022-03-29 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| ZA200702672B (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2008-05-28 | Lamos Richard Andreas | Blasting method for controlled multiple sequential blasts in multi-diameter blastholes |
| CN102199994A (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2011-09-28 | 河南理工大学 | Multi-level variable-diameter drilling tool |
| CN104864782A (en) * | 2015-05-16 | 2015-08-26 | 周忠国 | Hard stone drift composite reinforcing vertical wedge cutting method |
| CN105135962A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-09 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for improving deep-hole step blasting quality of extremely hard rock |
| CN209857781U (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2019-12-27 | 宁夏天长民爆器材有限责任公司 | Mine blasting big gun hole structure |
| CN109763483B (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2021-04-23 | 西安理工大学 | Up-going type sectional grouting process for thick fourth-system deep-buried mining cave-in broken stratum |
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