CN111236180A - Energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering - Google Patents
Energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering Download PDFInfo
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- CN111236180A CN111236180A CN202010043851.XA CN202010043851A CN111236180A CN 111236180 A CN111236180 A CN 111236180A CN 202010043851 A CN202010043851 A CN 202010043851A CN 111236180 A CN111236180 A CN 111236180A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide an energy dissipation structure of a water conservancy and hydropower project, which comprises a drainage port arranged at the upper part of a dam and a trajectory slope arranged at one side of the dam; the upper end of the flow deflecting ramp is connected with the flow discharge port, the lower end of the flow deflecting ramp extends obliquely downwards and is tilted upwards along an arc line at the end part; the tail end of the trajectory ramp is provided with a buffer device, and a hydraulic jump area is arranged between the buffer device and the trajectory ramp; the end surface of the buffer device facing the flow deflecting ramp is provided with a plurality of follow current channels which are arranged from top to bottom; and a water outlet communicated with all the follow current channels is arranged on the end surface of the buffer device, which is back to the flow-picking ramp. Upward projecting the downward-inclined water flow into the air by using a projecting flow ramp, and dissipating partial kinetic energy of the water flow by using air; when water flows through the water jump area from the air, a diffusion phenomenon is generated, so that the water flows can enter the follow current channels with different heights, the contact area between the follow current channels and the water flows is increased, and the friction force is utilized to dissipate the energy of the water flows.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, in particular to an energy dissipation structure of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering.
Background
With the gradual development of mountain river hydraulic resources in China, the development of the hydropower engineering construction business in China enters a climax stage, and a large number of small and medium-sized hydropower stations are built in western mountain areas. Water flow in a natural river channel generally belongs to slow flow, and single wide flow is distributed more uniformly in the width direction of the river. However, when a dam, a gate and other drainage buildings are built in the river channel, the flow conditions of the river channel are changed greatly, the flow velocity of the drainage water flow is large, the water flow energy is large, and the river bed at the downstream of the drainage building is damaged greatly.
Chinese patent document with an authorization bulletin number of CN206352282U in the prior art discloses a combined energy dissipation scour prevention structure for a dam, which comprises a dam body, wherein the upper end surface of the dam body is provided with a plurality of notches, the front ends of the notches are provided with S-shaped grooves along the inclined surface of the dam body, the surfaces of the S-shaped grooves are integrally provided with a plurality of stone piers, the lower stone piers are provided with a plurality of steps on the lower part of the surface of the S-shaped grooves, the dam body is a gentle section below the steps, and the gentle section is provided with a plurality of retaining columns on one side of the steps. The structures such as the stone pier, the ladder and the retaining column are utilized to divide the water body, and the energy dissipation effect is realized when water flow impacts on the structures such as the stone pier, the ladder and the retaining column.
The above prior art solutions have the following drawbacks: the structures such as the stone pier, the ladder and the retaining column are continuously abraded under the long-time flushing of water flow, so that the energy dissipation effect is gradually weakened.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an energy dissipation structure for water conservancy and hydropower engineering, which has the effect of enhancing the energy dissipation effect on water.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an energy dissipation structure of a hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering comprises a drainage port arranged at the upper part of a dam and a slip flow ramp arranged at one side of the downstream of the dam; the upper end of the flow deflecting ramp is connected with the flow discharge port, the lower end of the flow deflecting ramp extends obliquely downwards and is tilted upwards along an arc line at the end part; the tail end of the trajectory ramp is provided with a buffer device, and a hydraulic jump area is arranged between the buffer device and the trajectory ramp; the end surface of the buffer device facing the flow deflecting ramp is provided with a plurality of follow current channels which are arranged from top to bottom; and a water outlet communicated with all the follow current channels is arranged on the end surface of the buffer device, which is back to the flow-picking ramp.
By adopting the technical scheme, the downward-pouring water flow is upward projected into the air by utilizing the trajectory slope, and partial kinetic energy of the water flow is dissipated by utilizing air; when water flows through the water jump area from the air, a diffusion phenomenon can be generated, so that the water flows can enter follow current channels with different heights, the contact area between the follow current channels and the water flows is increased, and the friction force is utilized to dissipate the energy of the water flows; and because the different water levels of the upstream of the dam cause different water pressures of the discharged flow, the upward flying heights of the water flow through the flow-raising ramp are different, the angle range of the water flow entering the follow-flow channel is enlarged by utilizing the plurality of follow-flow channels with different heights, and the practicability of the buffer device is improved.
The invention is further configured to: a flow-picking channel which extends obliquely downwards and is tilted upwards at the end part along an arc line is arranged in the buffer device, and the tail end of the flow-picking channel penetrates through the buffer device to form a water outlet; the follow current channels are communicated with the upper ends of the cantilever flow channels.
By adopting the technical scheme, the flow velocities of water flows in the follow current channels with different heights are different, the flow velocity of the water flow in the follow current channel at the lowest position is the minimum, the flow velocity of the fast water flow is reduced by the slow water flow, and when a plurality of water flows are converged in the flow selecting channel, the mixing generates interaction, so that the energy dissipation effect is achieved; and when the water flow is discharged from the water outlet, the secondary leap is carried out, and the kinetic energy of the water flow is further eliminated by utilizing the air.
The invention is further configured to: and a stilling pool is arranged at the lowest part of the trajectory channel.
By adopting the technical scheme, the absorption basin is utilized to buffer the water flow mixed into the flow deflecting channel; water flow enters from one end of the absorption basin, and original water in the absorption basin is extruded out and discharged from the other end, so that the impact force of the water flow is absorbed.
The invention is further configured to: the width of the flow deflecting channel is larger than that of the flow deflecting ramp; the tail end of the flow-picking channel is provided with a second hydraulic jump area and a second buffer device, and the end face, facing the water outlet, of the second buffer device is provided with a plurality of second follow current channels with the width larger than that of the follow current channels.
By adopting the technical scheme, the flow-selecting channel is utilized to increase the water passing area, and the problem that the flow speed of water flow is reduced and is continuously accumulated in the buffer device to influence the water flow to enter the follow-flow channel after the buffer device eliminates partial kinetic energy of the water flow is avoided.
The invention is further configured to: the tilting part at the tail end of the flow deflecting ramp is a flaring slope expanding towards two sides; the width of the follow current channel is greater than or equal to the width of the tail end of the flaring slope; the flow deflecting channel is a flaring channel with the tail end expanding towards two sides, and the width of the second follow current channel is larger than or equal to the width of the tail end of the flaring channel.
By adopting the technical scheme, the water flow is subjected to diffusion type leap when passing through the flaring slope and the flow-deflecting channel, so that the contact area of the water flow and the air is increased, and the energy dissipation effect of the air on the water flow is enhanced.
The invention is further configured to: a plurality of vertically through flow distribution holes are formed between every two adjacent flow picking channels.
By adopting the technical scheme, the water flow entering the follow current channel at the upper part is divided into small liquid flows to enter the shunting holes, and the small liquid flows enter the follow current channel at the lower part after energy dissipation treatment of the shunting holes, so that the kinetic energy of the small water flows is gradually reduced.
The invention is further configured to: the flow dividing holes are obliquely arranged downwards in the direction opposite to the water flow.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the energy dissipation effect of reinforcing reposition of redundant personnel pore pair rivers.
The invention is further configured to: one end of the flow-picking channel facing the water flow is internally provided with a clapboard which divides the flow-picking channel into a left channel and a right channel, and the clapboard is provided with a dry mixing flow hole.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize the baffle to divide into two strands about rivers, kinetic energy is offset in the mutual action of two strands of rivers when assembling, and realizes the rivers cross-flow diversion of both sides through the mixed flow hole, further eliminates kinetic energy.
The invention is further configured to: the mixed flow holes comprise a plurality of left through holes which are arranged on the left side wall of the partition plate and obliquely penetrate towards the right side, and right through holes which are arranged on the right side wall of the partition plate and obliquely penetrate towards the left side; the quantity of the left through holes is equal to that of the right through holes, and the left through holes and the right through holes are arranged in a staggered mode along the water flow direction.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize left through-hole and right through-hole guide rivers cross flow, reinforcing reposition of redundant personnel effect.
The invention is further configured to: and a water retaining cover is arranged above the hydraulic jump area.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, utilize the manger plate cover to retrain the rivers when leaping, prevent that rivers from assaulting the buffer outside.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. upward projecting the downward-inclined water flow into the air by using a projecting flow ramp, and dissipating partial kinetic energy of the water flow by using air; when water flows through the water jump area from the air, a diffusion phenomenon can be generated, so that the water flows can enter follow current channels with different heights, the contact area between the follow current channels and the water flows is increased, and the friction force is utilized to dissipate the energy of the water flows; the different water pressure of the discharged water caused by different upstream water levels of the dam leads the upward flying height of the water flow through the flow-raising ramp to be different, so that the angle range of the water flow entering the follow-flow channel is enlarged by utilizing the plurality of follow-flow channels with different heights, and the practicability of the buffer device is improved;
2. the flow velocity of water flow in the follow current channels with different heights is different, the flow velocity of water flow in the follow current channel at the lowest position is the minimum, the flow velocity of fast water flow is slowed down by slow water flow, and when a plurality of water flows are converged in the flow selecting channel, the water flows are mixed to generate interaction, so that the energy dissipation effect is achieved; and when the water flow is discharged from the water outlet, the secondary leap is carried out, and the kinetic energy of the water flow is further eliminated by utilizing the air.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view at A in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a partially cut-away schematic view of a top view of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a dam; 11. a bleed port; 12. a first hydraulic zone; 13. a second hydraulic jump zone; 14. a water retaining cover; 2. a trajectory ramp; 21. flaring slope; 3. a first buffer device; 31. a first freewheel channel; 311. an upper channel; 312. a middle channel; 313. a lower channel; 32. a first flow picking channel; 321. a water outlet; 322. a shunt hole; 323. a partition plate; 324. a mixing hole; 3241. a left through hole; 3242. a right through hole; 33. a stilling pool; 4. a second buffer device; 41. a second freewheel channel; 42. and a second trajectory path.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment discloses energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, as shown in fig. 1, including setting up in the bleeder 11 of dam 1 upper portion, setting up in the ramp 2 that kicks over of dam 1 low reaches one side, the upper end of the ramp 2 that kicks over links up bleeder 11, the lower extreme extends downwards to one side and in the tip along the pitch arc perk of tilting upwards to one side. A plurality of buffer devices such as a first buffer device 3, a second buffer device 4 and a third buffer device are sequentially arranged below the trajectory ramp 2 along the water flow direction, the downward-dumping water flow is ejected upwards into the air by the trajectory ramp 2, and partial kinetic energy of the water flow is dissipated by air; and then a plurality of buffer devices are utilized to carry out energy dissipation treatment on the water flow step by step.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, taking the first buffer device 3 as an example, three first free-wheeling channels 31 extending obliquely downward are formed on an end surface of the first buffer device 3 facing the deflecting ramp 2, and the three first free-wheeling channels 31 are arranged from top to bottom and sequentially include an upper channel 311, a middle channel 312 and a lower channel 313. A first hydraulic jump zone 12 is formed on the dam 1 at intervals between the tail end of the trajectory ramp 2 and the first buffer device 3, and the bottom of the first hydraulic jump zone 12 is connected with the lower channel 313; when water flows through the first hydraulic zone 12 from the air, a diffusion phenomenon is generated, so that the water flows can respectively enter the upper channel 311, the middle channel 312 and the lower channel 313, and the friction force between the follow current channel and the water flow is utilized to dissipate the energy of the water flow.
As shown in fig. 1, a first flow deflecting channel 32 extending obliquely downward and tilting obliquely upward along an arc is further disposed in the first buffer device 3, three first follow current channels 31 are all communicated with an upper end of the first flow deflecting channel 32, and a tail end of the first flow deflecting channel 32 penetrates through the first buffer device 3 to form a water outlet 321. Because the water flow velocity in the follow current channel of different heights is different, and the water flow velocity in the lower channel 313 at the lowest position is the slowest, and the slow water flow can slow down the velocity of the fast water flow, and when the multiple water flows are converged in the first flow-selecting channel 32, the mixing generates interaction, thereby achieving the energy dissipation effect. A stilling pool 33 is further arranged at the lowest position of the first trajectory channel 32, and the stilling pool 33 is used for buffering water flows mixed into the trajectory channel; the water flow enters from one end of the absorption cell 33, extrudes the original water in the absorption cell 33 and discharges the water from the other end, thereby absorbing the impact force of the water flow.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a partition plate 323 for dividing the flow-picking channel into a left channel and a right channel is fixedly installed in one end of the first flow-picking channel 32 facing the water flow, the water flow is divided into a left flow and a right flow by the partition plate 323, and the two flows interact with each other to offset kinetic energy when converging. If dry mixing flow holes 324 are formed in the partition plate 323, the flow mixing holes 324 comprise a plurality of left through holes 3241 formed in the left side wall of the partition plate 323 and obliquely penetrating towards the right side, and right through holes 3242 formed in the right side wall of the partition plate 323 and obliquely penetrating towards the left side, the left through holes 3241 and the right through holes 3242 are equal in number and are arranged in a staggered mode along the water flow direction, water flow cross-flow splitting on two sides is achieved through the flow mixing holes 324, and kinetic energy is further eliminated.
As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of vertically through diversion holes 322 are formed between two adjacent first picking channels 32, and the diversion holes 322 are obliquely arranged downward in a direction opposite to the water flow, so that the water flow entering the upper follow current channel is divided into small liquid flows to enter the diversion holes 322, and the small liquid flows enter the lower first follow current channel 31 after energy dissipation treatment of the diversion holes 322, so as to gradually slow down the kinetic energy of the small water flows.
As shown in fig. 1, a second hydraulic jump zone 13 is disposed between the first buffer device 3 and the second buffer device 4 on the dam 1, and when the water flow is discharged from the water outlet 321, the water flow makes a second jump in the second hydraulic jump zone 13 and then enters the third buffer device, so that the kinetic energy of the water flow is further eliminated by using air. And the speed of the water flow is reduced after energy dissipation, so that the hydraulic jump height when the water flow passes through the jump zone is reduced, and therefore, the height difference between the second buffer device 4 and the water outlet 321 is larger than the height difference between the first buffer device 3 and the tail end of the trajectory ramp 2. And a water jump area is also arranged between the other two adjacent buffer devices, the height difference between the two adjacent buffer devices is also increased step by step, a water retaining cover 14 is arranged above all the water jump areas, and the water retaining cover 14 is used for restraining the water flow in the process of flying, so that the water flow is prevented from impacting the outer side of the buffer devices.
As shown in fig. 3, the tilting portion at the end of the flow-deflecting ramp 2 is a flared slope 21 expanding towards two sides, the width of the first free-wheeling channel 31 is equal to the width of the end of the flared slope 21, the width of the first flow-deflecting channel 32 is equal to the width of the first free-wheeling channel 31, and the first flow-deflecting channel 32 is a flared channel expanding towards two sides. The width of the second free-flow channel 41 opened on the end surface of the second buffer device 4 facing the water outlet 321 is equal to the width of the tail end of the flaring channel, and the second flow deflecting channel 42 in the second buffer device 4 is also a flaring channel with the tail end flaring towards two sides. The follow current channel and the slip current channel in the subsequent buffer device are sequentially expanded according to the width of the follow current channel and the slip current channel, so that the water passing area is gradually increased, and the problem that the flow speed of water flow is reduced and is continuously accumulated in the buffer device to influence the circulation of the water flow after the buffer device eliminates partial kinetic energy of the water flow is avoided.
The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An energy dissipation structure of a water conservancy and hydropower project comprises a drainage port (11) arranged at the upper part of a dam (1) and a trajectory slope (2) arranged at one side of the downstream of the dam (1); the upper end of the flow deflecting ramp (2) is connected with the flow discharge port (11), the lower end extends obliquely downwards and is tilted upwards along an arc line at the end part; the method is characterized in that: a buffer device is arranged at the tail end of the trajectory ramp (2), and a hydraulic jump area is arranged between the buffer device and the trajectory ramp (2); the end surface of the buffer device facing the flow deflecting ramp (2) is provided with a plurality of follow current channels which are arranged from top to bottom; and water outlets (321) communicated with all follow current channels are arranged on the end surface of the buffer device, which is back to the flow-raising ramp (2).
2. The energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering of claim 1, wherein: a flow raising channel which extends obliquely downwards and is tilted upwards at the end part along an arc line is arranged in the buffer device, and the tail end of the flow raising channel penetrates through the buffer device to form a water outlet (321); the follow current channels are communicated with the upper ends of the cantilever flow channels.
3. The energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering of claim 2, wherein: the lowest part of the trajectory channel is provided with a stilling pool (33).
4. The energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering of claim 2, wherein: the width of the trajectory channel is larger than that of the trajectory ramp (2); the tail end of the flow-picking channel is provided with a second hydraulic jump area (13) and a second buffer device (4), and the end face, facing the water outlet (321), of the second buffer device (4) is provided with a plurality of second follow current channels (41) with the width larger than that of the follow current channels.
5. The energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering of claim 4, wherein: the tilting part at the tail end of the trajectory ramp (2) is a flaring slope (21) expanding towards two sides; the width of the follow current channel is greater than or equal to the width of the tail end of the flaring slope (21); the flow deflecting channel is a flaring channel with the tail end expanding towards two sides, and the width of the second follow flow channel (41) is larger than or equal to that of the tail end of the flaring channel.
6. The energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering of claim 2, wherein: a plurality of vertically through shunting holes (322) are arranged between two adjacent flow picking channels.
7. The energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering of claim 6, wherein: the diversion holes (322) are obliquely arranged downwards in the direction opposite to the water flow.
8. The energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering of claim 2, wherein: a partition plate (323) which divides the flow-picking channel into a left channel and a right channel is arranged in one end of the flow-picking channel facing to the water flow, and a plurality of dry mixing flow holes (324) are formed in the partition plate (323).
9. The energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering of claim 8, wherein: the mixing flow hole (324) comprises a plurality of left through holes (3241) which are formed in the left side wall of the partition plate (323) and obliquely penetrate towards the right side, and right through holes (3242) which are formed in the right side wall of the partition plate (323) and obliquely penetrate towards the left side; the number of the left through holes (3241) and the number of the right through holes (3242) are equal and are staggered along the water flow direction.
10. The energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering of claim 1, wherein: a water retaining cover (14) is arranged above the hydraulic jump area.
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| CN202010043851.XA CN111236180B (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering |
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| CN202010043851.XA CN111236180B (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1120057A1 (en) * | 1983-04-28 | 1984-10-23 | Ярославский политехнический институт | Spillway |
| CN103382717A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-11-06 | 河海大学 | Stepped energy dissipation method and energy dissipater through aerification in pre-positioned aerification tanks |
| CN205314071U (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-06-15 | 西华大学 | Multistage fan -shaped abrupt slope dissipation structure |
| CN107100143A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-08-29 | 西华大学 | A kind of new energy-dissipating structure of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering |
| CN208251034U (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-12-18 | 西安翻译学院 | A kind of water power hydraulic engineering energy dissipating area safeguard structure |
| CN209703447U (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-11-29 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of overfall dam defrlector bucket |
-
2020
- 2020-01-15 CN CN202010043851.XA patent/CN111236180B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1120057A1 (en) * | 1983-04-28 | 1984-10-23 | Ярославский политехнический институт | Spillway |
| CN103382717A (en) * | 2013-07-18 | 2013-11-06 | 河海大学 | Stepped energy dissipation method and energy dissipater through aerification in pre-positioned aerification tanks |
| CN205314071U (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-06-15 | 西华大学 | Multistage fan -shaped abrupt slope dissipation structure |
| CN107100143A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-08-29 | 西华大学 | A kind of new energy-dissipating structure of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering |
| CN110004891A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2019-07-12 | 西华大学 | A kind of energy dissipating method of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering |
| CN208251034U (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-12-18 | 西安翻译学院 | A kind of water power hydraulic engineering energy dissipating area safeguard structure |
| CN209703447U (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-11-29 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of overfall dam defrlector bucket |
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