CN107100143A - Novel energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. Aim at provides the effectual novel energy dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering of energy dissipation. The adopted technical scheme is as follows: the utility model provides a novel dissipation structure of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, is including setting up the earial drainage mouth on dam upper portion, setting up the first earial drainage passageway on dam low reaches side surface, and set up the second earial drainage passageway in dam main part inside. The upper end of the first drainage channel is communicated with the tail end of the drainage port, the bottom of the drainage port is provided with a water diversion port, and the water diversion port is positioned in front of the joint of the first drainage channel and the drainage port. The upper end of the second drainage channel is communicated with a water distribution port, and a flow regulating valve is arranged at the water distribution port. The water outlet of the second discharge channel is positioned below the water outlet of the first discharge channel, and the water flow discharged by the first discharge channel and the water flow discharged by the second discharge channel collide with each other in the air to realize energy dissipation. The invention has excellent energy dissipation effect.

Description

A New Energy Dissipation Structure for Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, in particular to a novel energy dissipation structure for water conservancy and hydropower engineering.

Background technique

At present, with the gradual development of hydropower resources in mountainous rivers in my country, the development of hydropower engineering construction in China has entered a climax stage, especially in the western mountainous areas where a large number of small and medium hydropower stations have been built. The water flow in natural rivers is generally a slow flow, and the single-width flow distribution along the river width is relatively uniform. However, when drainage structures such as dams and sluices are built in the river, the flow conditions of the river have undergone tremendous changes, and the flow velocity and energy of the discharged water are large, which has a great destructive effect on the riverbed downstream of the drainage structures. If this problem is not solved in actual engineering, it will not only cause serious erosion and siltation in the downstream riverbed, but also cause bad flow conditions, affect the normal operation of other buildings in water conservancy and hydropower projects, and even endanger the safety of the dam . Therefore, it is very important to take effective engineering measures to artificially control the connection and energy dissipation of the downstream water flow of the drainage structure to ensure the safety of the building. The energy dissipation structure of water conservancy and hydropower projects is a kind of kinetic energy that eliminates the rapid discharge of the discharge structure, prevents or reduces the erosion and damage of the water flow to the hydraulic structure and the downstream canal, and makes the water flow in a short distance from the downstream normal flow. Engineering facilities built for proper connection.

The existing energy dissipation structure mainly has the following methods:

One is to artificially build a stilling basin downstream of the drainage structure, and build an inclined apron from the drainage building to communicate with the stilling basin. The energy dissipation mechanism is that the rapid flow is discharged into the stilling basin along the apron, and the rapid flow is transformed into a slow flow by forming a hydraulic jump in the stilling basin. Energy dissipation is mainly accomplished through the strong turbulence, shearing and mixing between the surface tumbling generated by the hydraulic jump and the bottom mainstream. This method has the advantages of stable flow state, good energy dissipation effect, strong adaptability to address conditions and water feeding amplitude, and small water atomization. However, due to the long length of the apron, on the one hand, the project cost is high, and on the other hand, the space for building layout is insufficient, especially when hydropower projects are constructed in mountainous rivers, this situation is particularly prominent.

The second is to build a bridge at the end of the drainage structure to throw the high-speed water flow downstream far away from the drainage structure. The water flow is mixed with air in the air and under friction to achieve energy dissipation. After falling, a pit is naturally washed out on the river bed, and the water flow forms a turbulent flow in the pit to realize energy dissipation again. This method is simple in structure and low in construction cost, and is currently widely used in water conservancy and hydropower projects. However, there are still huge defects in this structure. Because the water flow is relatively concentrated during the falling process, it often causes serious local erosion to the downstream landing point. At the same time, when the discharge flow rate is large and the flow velocity is fast, the high-speed water flow hits the landing point, causing serious depression of the riverbed at the landing point, which greatly changes the original appearance of the riverbed and increases the instability of the flow regime. At the same time, when the water level difference between the upstream and the downstream is large, the kinetic energy carried by the water flow itself is relatively large, and the simple energy dissipation method of deflecting flow often fails to achieve the expected energy dissipation effect.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel energy dissipation structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects with good energy dissipation effect.

In order to achieve the purpose of the above invention, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a new type of energy dissipation structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects, including a discharge port arranged on the upper part of the dam, and a first discharge flow outlet arranged on the surface of the downstream side of the dam. channel, and the second discharge channel arranged inside the main body of the dam.

Both the first discharge channel and the second discharge channel extend obliquely downward from the upstream side of the dam to the downstream side, the upper end of the first discharge channel communicates with the end of the discharge port, and the discharge port A water diversion port is provided at the bottom of the body, and the water diversion port is located in front of the connection between the first discharge channel and the discharge port. The upper end of the second discharge channel communicates with the water diversion port, and a flow regulating valve is arranged at the water diversion port. The water outlet of the second discharge channel is located below the water outlet of the first discharge channel, and a deflecting mechanism is arranged at the water outlet of the second discharge channel. A flow guiding mechanism is arranged at the water outlet of the first discharge channel. The water flow discharged from the first discharge channel and the water flow discharged from the second discharge channel collide with each other in the air to realize energy dissipation.

Preferably, the deflector mechanism includes a deflector and an adjustment hydraulic cylinder, the deflector is hinged to the lower edge of the water outlet of the first discharge channel, the adjustment hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged under the deflector, and adjusted Both the cylinder body and the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder are arc-shaped with the hinge position of the deflector as the center.

Preferably, the rear section of the second discharge channel is in the shape of an arc protruding downward, and the deflecting mechanism is formed by the water outlet direction of the outlet of the second discharge channel being obliquely upward.

Preferably, the projection of the first discharge channel in the vertical direction is an arc protruding toward one end or the other end of the dam, and the projection of the second discharge channel in the vertical direction is in the same shape as the first discharge channel. Arcs that bulge in opposite directions.

Preferably, a plurality of discharge groups are set on the dam, and each discharge group includes two discharge ports and water diversion ports corresponding to the two discharge ports, a first discharge channel and a second discharge channel . The two first discharge passages in each discharge group are adjacent and communicate with each other in the middle.

Preferably, a plurality of relieving buffer strips extending along the width direction of the first bleed passage are arranged in the first bleed channel, and the relieving buffer strips are composed of a plurality of relieving ribs arranged side by side with a semicircular cross-section constitute.

Preferably, the size of the plurality of force-reducing buffer zones gradually increases along the water flow direction.

Preferably, the radii of the plurality of force-reducing ribs on each force-reducing buffer zone also gradually increase along the direction of water flow.

Preferably, it also includes a stilling basin arranged downstream of the dam, and the stilling basin is located on the river bed near the collision point of the water flow discharged from the first discharge channel and the water flow discharged from the second discharge channel. The cross-section of the stilling pool is triangular, and gradually becomes shallower from the end close to the dam to the end far away from the dam.

Preferably, a sound-absorbing tunnel is provided downstream of the dam, and the collision point of the water flow discharged from the first discharge channel and the water flow discharged from the second discharge channel is located in the sound-absorbing tunnel.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:

1. The water flow is divided into two parts from the discharge port, one part is discharged normally along the first discharge channel, and the other part is discharged through the water diversion port and the second discharge channel, and the water flow discharged from the second discharge channel is picked up Under the action of the flow mechanism, the water flow discharged from the first discharge channel collides with the water flow discharged from the second discharge channel through the guiding effect of the flow guide mechanism, thereby realizing energy dissipation. Compared with the energy-dissipating structure of the traditional long apron and stilling pool, the present invention does not need to set up a long apron, on the one hand, it saves the space for apron construction, and has strong adaptability; on the other hand, it saves a lot of engineering costs, Improved economic benefits. At the same time, compared with the traditional method of simply using deflected flow for energy dissipation, the energy dissipation effect has also been significantly improved. Specifically, the energy dissipation process of the water flow in the present invention is mainly divided into four stages: the first stage, in the process of sliding down the discharge channel, friction occurs with the body of the discharge channel to dissipate energy; the second stage, discharge from the outlet Finally, before the collision occurs, energy is dissipated by mixing and friction with air in the air; in the third stage, the water flow discharged from the first and second discharge channels collides and impacts each other in the air, causing the kinetic energy carried by the water flow to drop sharply; In the fourth stage, after the collision, the water flow is further dispersed. After dispersion, it is more convenient to mix and rub with air, which further improves the energy dissipation effect. Therefore, the energy dissipation effect of the present invention is excellent.

2. The optimal flow guide mechanism is composed of a guide plate hinged at the water outlet and an adjusting hydraulic cylinder. It is not only simple in structure, but also can flexibly adjust the angle of the guide plate by adjusting the hydraulic cylinder, so that under different water pressure conditions, The water flow discharged from the first discharge channel can adapt to the water flow discharged from the second discharge channel.

3. The deflection mechanism is directly composed of a section of the second discharge channel, which can directly convert the potential energy of the water flow into the kinetic energy of colliding with the water flow discharged from the first discharge channel, which is simple and efficient.

4. Through the optimized sound-absorbing tunnel, it can effectively prevent the diffusion of water mist, prevent the rock formations on both sides of the project from being eroded, and also reduce the noise generated by collisions to play the role of sound-absorbing.

5. Since the vertical projections of the first discharge channel and the second discharge channel are arc-shaped, on the one hand, it can enhance frictional energy dissipation when the water flow flows inside the first discharge channel and the second discharge channel; The sprayed water flow has a better impact against the collision, further improving the energy dissipation effect.

6. When a plurality of discharge ports are provided, the two first discharge channels in each discharge group communicate with each other in the middle, so that the water flows in the two first discharge channels impact and shear each other near the middle section, and further Improved energy dissipation.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a preferred embodiment of the structure shown in Fig. 2;

Figure 4 is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 1;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a use state of the structure shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of part B in Fig. 1;

FIG. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the structure shown in FIG. 6 .

detailed description

A new type of energy dissipation structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects shown in Figures 1-7, including a discharge port 2 arranged on the upper part of the dam 1, a first discharge channel 3 arranged on the surface of the downstream side of the dam 1, and The second discharge channel 4 is arranged inside the main body of the dam 1 . The discharge outlet 2 can be either an overflow sill arranged on the top of the dam 1, or a flood discharge channel provided with a gate valve, or other structures with the same effect. As shown in Figure 1, the left side of the dam 1 is the upstream side, and the right side is the downstream side, the first discharge channel 3 is located on the right side of the dam 1, and the second discharge channel 4 is located inside the dam 1. The construction phase of the dam 1 is integrally constructed with the main body of the dam 1 .

Both the first discharge channel 3 and the second discharge channel 4 extend obliquely downward from the upstream side of the dam 1 to the downstream side, and the water flow discharged from the discharge port 2 can flow along the first discharge channel 3 and the The second drain channel 4 exits. The upper end of the first discharge channel 3 communicates with the end of the discharge port 2, and the bottom of the discharge port 2 is provided with a water diversion port 5, and the water diversion port 5 is located at the first discharge channel 3 and is connected to the discharge port 2. in front of. The upper end of the second drain channel 4 communicates with the water diversion port 5 . The water diversion port 5 is arranged in the discharge port 2 and is used for water flow diversion. The water diverted from the water diversion port 5 is introduced into the second discharge channel 4 , and some of it is directly discharged into the first discharge channel 3 across the water diversion port 5 . The water diversion port 5 can be a bar-shaped mouth extending along the width direction of the discharge port 2 as shown in Figure 2, and of course, it can also be a circle or other shapes, as long as it can play the role of diversion and connect with the second discharge channel. 4 can be connected. The flow regulating valve is set at the water distribution port 5, and the flow regulating valve is used to adjust the flow rate of the water distribution port 5. The specific structure of the flow regulating valve is more, for example: the side wall of the water distribution port 5 is provided with a cavity , a sealing plate is set in the cavity, and the extension or retraction of the sealing plate at the water distribution port 5 is driven by components such as a motor and a hydraulic rod, and then the opening size of the water distribution port 5 is changed to play a role in regulation. This structure is relatively simple and is not shown in the figure.

As shown in Figure 1, the water outlet of the second discharge channel 4 is located below the water outlet of the first discharge channel 3, and a deflecting mechanism is arranged at the water outlet of the second discharge channel 4, and the second discharge channel 4 can be a discharge channel extending along a straight line, and the deflecting mechanism is a deflecting nose sill, deflecting slope or other structures that play the same role arranged at the water outlet of the second discharge channel 4 . Since the second discharge channel 4 is arranged inside the main body of the dam 1, in order to further improve the performance of the present invention, it is better that, as shown in Figure 1, the rear section of the second discharge channel 4 is convex downward. Out of the arc, the deflecting mechanism is formed by the water outlet direction of the outlet of the second discharge channel 4 obliquely upward. That is to say, a section of the second discharge channel 4 close to the water outlet is arc-shaped, and the lowest point of the arc is lower than the height of the water outlet, so that the water outlet direction of the second discharge channel 4 is in an oblique upward situation, realizing the challenge flow. The arc-shaped section of the second discharge channel 4 plays a guiding role on the one hand, and on the other hand, it can relieve the erosion of the dam 1 by the water flow.

The water outlet of the first discharge channel 3 is provided with a guide mechanism, and the water flow discharged from the first discharge channel 3 and the water flow discharged from the second discharge channel 4 collide with each other in the air to realize energy dissipation. The deflecting mechanism may also be a deflecting nose ridge, deflecting slope and the like. As long as the collision of the water discharged from the first discharge channel 3 and the second discharge channel 4 can be realized under the guidance of the flow guiding mechanism. However, due to the difference in the upstream water level of the dam 1 , there is a certain difference in the discharge water pressure, which in turn leads to certain differences in the projecting distance and parabolic trajectory of the water discharged from the first discharge channel 3 and the second discharge channel 4 . Therefore, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the flow guide mechanism preferably has the function of adjusting the angle of the jetted water flow, so the flow guide mechanism includes a deflector 7 and an adjustment hydraulic cylinder 8, and the deflector 7 is connected to the first discharge The lower edge of the water outlet of the flow channel 3 is hinged, the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 8 is fixedly arranged below the deflector 7, and the cylinder body and the telescopic rod of the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 8 are in an arc centered on the hinged position of the deflector 7 shape. By adjusting the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder 8, the angle of the deflector 7 can be adjusted to achieve a more flexible flow diversion to adapt to different water jetting distances, so that the first discharge channel 3 and the second discharge channel 4 The discharged water flow can collide and impact in the air. The adjustment hydraulic cylinder 8 is controlled by the general control machine room of the dam 1 hub. Because the deflector 7 is subjected to a large impact of water flow, it is usually equipped with a reinforcement component for reinforcing the deflector 7. There are many specific structural methods of the reinforcement component, and the designer can carry out specific design according to the flood discharge flow of each project , which will not be repeated here.

The present invention divides the water flow from the discharge port 2 into two parts, one of which is normally discharged along the first discharge channel 3, and the other part is discharged through the water diversion port 5 and the second discharge channel 4, and the second discharge channel 4 The discharged water flow is propelled upwards and ejected under the action of the deflecting mechanism, and the water flow discharged from the first discharge channel 3 collides with the water flow discharged from the second discharge channel 4 through the guiding effect of the flow guide mechanism, thereby realizing energy dissipation. Compared with the energy-dissipating structure of the traditional long apron and stilling pool, the present invention does not need to set up a long apron, on the one hand, it saves the space for apron construction, and has strong adaptability; on the other hand, it saves a lot of engineering costs, Improved economic benefits. At the same time, compared with the traditional method of simply using deflected flow for energy dissipation, the energy dissipation effect has also been significantly improved. Specifically, the energy dissipation process of the water flow in the present invention is mainly divided into four stages: the first stage, in the process of sliding down the discharge passages 3 and 4, friction occurs with the bodies of the discharge passages 3 and 4 to dissipate energy; the second stage In the third stage, the water flows discharged from the first and second discharge channels 3 and 4 collide and impact each other in the air. , so that the kinetic energy carried by the water flow drops sharply; in the fourth stage, the water flow is further dispersed after the collision, and it is easier to mix and rub with air after dispersion, which further improves the energy dissipation effect. Therefore, the energy dissipation effect of the present invention is excellent. The second discharge channel 4 can directly convert the potential energy of the water flow into the kinetic energy of colliding with the water flow discharged from the first discharge channel 3 , which is simple and efficient.

In the present invention, since the atomization phenomenon of the water flow is relatively serious after the water flow collides, a better method is as shown in FIG. The collision point of the water flow and the water flow discharged from the second discharge channel 4 is located in the sound-absorbing hole 12 . The side walls of the muffler tunnel 12 are usually the protection sills downstream of the heightened flood discharge channel and located on both sides of the river, and the tops spanning the two protection sills are poured on the two protection sills. The sound-absorbing tunnel 12 can effectively prevent the diffusion of water mist, prevent the rock formations on both sides of the project from being eroded, and can also reduce the noise generated by collisions to play the role of silencing.

In addition, as shown in Figure 2, the projection of the first discharge channel 3 in the vertical direction is an arc protruding toward one end or the other end of the dam 1, and the projection of the second discharge channel 4 in the vertical direction is The projection is an arc opposite to the protruding direction of the first discharge channel 3 . Since the vertical projection of the first discharge channel 3 and the second discharge channel 4 is arc-shaped, on the one hand, frictional energy dissipation can be enhanced when the water flow flows inside the first discharge channel 3 and the second discharge channel 4; This makes the effect of the water jets ejected by the two jets better against the collision, and further improves the energy dissipation effect.

For dams 1 and reservoirs of different capacities, the quantity of the discharge ports 2 is set differently. If the capacity of the reservoir is large, the quantity of the discharge ports 2 is large, and if the capacity of the reservoir is small, the quantity of the discharge ports 2 is set to be few. In particular, when the increase in the number of discharge outlets 2 still cannot meet the discharge requirements, another second discharge passage 4 can be set in the dam body corresponding to the first discharge passage 3, and another second discharge passage 4 can be set in the dam corresponding to the second discharge passage 4. Another first discharge channel 3 is provided on the surface of the dam body, that is to say, two first discharge channels 3 and two second discharge channels 4 are arranged symmetrically. A better way is, as shown in FIG. 3 , when the number of discharge ports 2 is large, the discharge ports 2 form a group of two. A plurality of discharge groups are set on the dam 1, one discharge group shown in Fig. 3 may be multiple in actual application according to actual needs, and each discharge port 2 of the discharge group is correspondingly provided with a water diversion port 5 , the first drain channel 3 and the second drain channel 4 . The two first discharge passages 3 in each discharge group are adjacent and communicate with each other in the middle. As shown in FIG. 3 , the two first discharge channels 3 are in two arc shapes opposite to each other, and the middle parts of the two first discharge channels 3 communicate with each other. The water flows in the two first discharge channels 3 collide and shear each other near the middle section, which further improves the energy dissipation effect.

In order to further improve the energy dissipation effect, a better way can also be, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, a plurality of force-reducing buffer strips extending along the width direction of the first discharge channel 3 are arranged in the first discharge channel 3 9. The force-reducing buffer zone 9 is composed of a plurality of force-reducing ribs 10 arranged side by side with a semicircular cross-section. The semi-circular force-reducing convex rib 10 can better buffer the force under stress, avoid excessive rigidity during stress, reduce the degree of water erosion of the force-reducing buffer zone 9, and improve the strength of the force-reducing buffer zone 9. service life. Simultaneously, the stilling buffer zone 9 can drive the water flow to churn, form turbulent flow in the water, and form a jet flow on the water surface, thereby improving the energy dissipation effect. Since at the upper end of the first discharge channel 3, the water flow has a large amount of kinetic energy entrainment without energy dissipation, it is not appropriate to directly set a large-sized force-reducing buffer zone 9 at the upper end of the first discharge channel 3, but The size of multiple stilling buffer strips 9 gradually becomes larger along the water flow direction. That is to say, the size of the stilling buffer zone 9 located at the upper section of the first discharge passage 3 is small, and the size of the stilling buffer zone 9 at the lower section is large. In this way, energy dissipation is realized step by step, and the energy dissipation effect is better. Similarly, the radii of the plurality of force-reducing ribs 10 on each of the force-reducing buffer strips 9 also gradually increase along the water flow direction.

In addition, the present invention can also configure a stilling basin 11, which is located on the riverbed near the collision point between the water flow discharged from the first discharge channel 3 and the water flow discharged from the second discharge channel 4. The cross section of the stilling pool 11 is triangular, and gradually becomes shallower from one end close to the dam 1 to one end far away from the dam 1 . The stilling basin 11 of the present invention can be constructed synchronously with the dam 1 because it is relatively close to the dam 1, which is convenient for management. After the water flow collides, it falls into the stilling pool 11 scatteredly. Since the stilling pool 11 gradually becomes shallower from the end close to the dam 1 to the end far away from the dam 1, most of the water flow first falls in the stilling pool 11 after falling. Backwater is formed in the middle, and then flows into the downstream channel, which improves the stability of the flow state of the downstream channel.

It should be understood that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A novel energy-dissipating structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects, characterized in that: it includes a discharge opening (2) arranged on the top of the dam (1), a first discharge outlet arranged on the surface of the downstream side of the dam (1) Road (3), and the second discharge channel (4) arranged inside the main body of the dam (1); Both the first discharge channel (3) and the second discharge channel (4) extend obliquely downward from the upstream side of the dam (1) to the downstream side, and the upper end of the first discharge channel (3) is connected to the The end of the discharge port (2) is connected, and the bottom of the discharge port (2) is provided with a water distribution port (5), and the water distribution port (5) is located between the first discharge channel (3) and the discharge port (2). The front of the joint; the upper end of the second discharge channel (4) communicates with the water diversion port (5), and a flow regulating valve is set at the water diversion port (5); the outlet of the second discharge channel (4) The water outlet is located below the water outlet of the first discharge channel (3), and the water outlet of the second discharge channel (4) is provided with a deflecting mechanism; the water outlet of the first discharge channel (3) is provided with a flow guide mechanism; The water flow discharged from the first discharge channel (3) and the water flow discharged from the second discharge channel (4) collide with each other in the air to realize energy dissipation. 2. The new energy-dissipating structure of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: the deflector mechanism includes a deflector (7) and an adjustment hydraulic cylinder (8), and the deflector (7) Hinged with the lower edge of the water outlet of the first discharge channel (3), the adjustment hydraulic cylinder (8) is fixedly arranged under the deflector (7), and the cylinder body and telescopic rod of the adjustment hydraulic cylinder (8) are both in the shape of An arc centered on the hinged position of the deflector (7). 3. The novel energy-dissipating structure of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rear section of the second discharge channel (4) is in a downwardly protruding arc, and the deflecting mechanism is composed of The water outlet direction of the water outlet of the second discharge channel (4) is formed obliquely upward. 4. The new energy dissipation structure of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: the projection of the first discharge channel (3) in the vertical direction is convex toward one end or the other end of the dam (1). The projection of the second discharge channel (4) in the vertical direction is an arc opposite to the protruding direction of the first discharge channel (3). 5. The novel energy dissipation structure of water conservancy and hydropower engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that: a plurality of discharge groups are set on the dam (1), and each discharge group comprises two discharge ports ( 2) and the water diversion port (5), the first discharge channel (3) and the second discharge channel (4) corresponding to the two discharge ports (2); the two first discharge channels in each discharge group The flow channels (3) are adjacent and communicate with each other in the middle. 6. The novel energy dissipation structure of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first discharge channel (3) is provided with a plurality of energy dissipation structures extending along the width direction of the first discharge channel (3). A force buffer zone (9), the force-reducing buffer zone (9) is composed of a plurality of force-reducing ribs (10) arranged side by side with a semicircular cross-section. 7. The novel energy dissipation structure for water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 6, characterized in that: the size of the plurality of force dissipation buffer strips (9) gradually increases along the water flow direction. 8. The novel energy-dissipating structure of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 7, characterized in that: the radii of the plurality of force-reducing ribs (10) on each of the force-reducing buffer strips (9) are also along the direction of water flow Gradually get bigger. 9. The novel energy dissipation structure of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: it also includes a stilling pool (11) arranged downstream of the dam (1), and the stilling pool (11) is located at the first The water flow discharged from a discharge channel (3) and the river bed near the collision point of the water flow discharged from the second discharge channel (4); One end of is gradually shallower towards the end away from the dam (1). 10. The new energy dissipation structure of water conservancy and hydropower projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: a sound-absorbing hole (12) is provided downstream of the dam (1), and the first discharge channel (3) discharges The colliding point of the water flow and the water flow discharged from the second discharge channel (4) is located in the silencer hole (12).