CN111235756A - 一种新型防尘、抗菌、抗病毒纳米纤维口罩 - Google Patents

一种新型防尘、抗菌、抗病毒纳米纤维口罩 Download PDF

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CN111235756A
CN111235756A CN202010094134.XA CN202010094134A CN111235756A CN 111235756 A CN111235756 A CN 111235756A CN 202010094134 A CN202010094134 A CN 202010094134A CN 111235756 A CN111235756 A CN 111235756A
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layer
drug
mask
electrostatic spinning
melt
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CN111235756B (zh
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周武艺
万美玲
陈品鸿
袁杜娟
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GUANGDONG YUN ZHAO MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.
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South China Agricultural University
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    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/05—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches protecting only a particular body part
    • A41D13/11—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres
    • A41D13/1192—Protective face masks, e.g. for surgical use, or for use in foul atmospheres with antimicrobial agent
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Abstract

本发明属于超滤材料领域和卫生防护技术领域，具体涉及一种新型防尘、抗菌、抗病毒纳米纤维口罩，包括口罩主体，其特征在于：所述口罩主体从内而外依次包括无纺布层、多层载药复合纤维膜层和无纺布层，所述多层载药复合纤维膜层包括至少三层，内、外两层为熔喷层或静电纺丝纤维膜层，中间层为负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层。本发明所用多层载药复合纤维膜层可以通过载药纳米微球和不同材料形成的多种介孔结构来增强药物的缓释性能和抗病毒、抗菌性能，增强过滤空气中的颗粒物和气味的功能，对公共卫生安全、呼吸系统、传染性病毒有较强的杀灭和抑制作用。

Description

一种新型防尘、抗菌、抗病毒纳米纤维口罩
技术领域
本发明属于超滤材料领域和卫生防护技术领域，具体涉及一种新型防尘、抗菌、抗病毒纳米纤维口罩。
背景技术
口罩是一种卫生防护用品，一般戴在口鼻部位，可用于过滤进入口鼻的空气，具有阻挡有害的气体、气味、飞沫进出佩戴者口鼻的功能。口罩对进入肺部的空气有一定的过滤作用，在呼吸道传染病流行或粉尘等污染的环境中作业的情况下，口罩是非常必要的防护工具。从SARS病毒到新型冠状病毒的爆发，以及全球各地时有发生的禽流感病毒、甲型H1N1病毒等也严重威胁着人类的生命健康安全。这些病菌的大小一般在3微米左右，病毒的大小一般都在1微米以下，而传统的抗菌口罩只能过滤空气中的细菌而不能阻挡空气中的病毒并杀死，因此，需要开发具有防尘、抗菌和抗病毒等功能的口罩。
近年来，静电纺丝技术已逐步在各领域得到广泛的应用，因其电纺制备的纳米纤维膜具有诸多的重要特征，例如高孔隙率、低重量、小孔径、高比表面和高渗透性等。通常，理想的防尘防病毒纤维膜必须具有高过滤效率、呼吸阻力小、良好的机械性能和较好的舒适感，而膜的高过滤效率对防病毒尤其重要。为了提高防病毒的性能，可掺入无机纳米材料，例如无机抗菌银沸石、BCNT纳米抗病毒添加剂、纳米Ag颗粒、Fe3O4纳米颗粒和碳纳米管等；或通过无纺布浸泡金属离子溶液来制备复合纳米纤维膜，发生杂化或物理反应，产生一些新功能，如高机械性能、良好的热化学稳定性、有效的抗病毒性能和优异的分离性能等。
中国专利CN205321283 U公开了一种抗病菌抗病毒口罩的制备方法，该口罩的抗菌层通过浸泡有金卫士生物的水刺布制备而成，但其制备过程为物理吸附反应，抗菌剂的负载量直接影响该口罩抗病毒的效果。中国专利CN106473268 A制备的一种预防病毒、过敏性鼻炎的中药口罩夹层放置有由多种中药制备的挥发油浸膏粉，在潮湿的环境中不易于储存从而影响药效。因此，亟需开发一项新技术来解决现有口罩防病毒性弱、不易于储存等问题。
发明内容
为解决以上问题，本发明提供了一种新型防尘、抗菌、抗病毒纳米纤维口罩，能有效地解决现有口罩防病毒性弱、不易于储存等问题。
为解决上述问题，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种新型防尘、抗菌、抗病毒纳米纤维口罩，包括口罩主体，所述口罩主体从内而外依次包括无纺布层、多层载药复合纤维膜层和无纺布层。
优选的，所述无纺布层为熔喷或纺粘无纺布。
优选的，所述无纺布层的材质为聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、纤维素和聚氯乙烯中的至少一种。
优选的，所述多层载药复合纤维膜层中包括至少三层，内、外两层为熔喷层或静电纺丝纤维膜层，中间层为负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层。
优选的，所述熔喷层由以下步骤制成：采用高速热空气流对模头喷丝孔挤出的聚合物熔体细流进行牵伸，在凝网帘或滚筒上收集形成的纤维，同时自身粘合进而制备熔喷无纺布。
优选的，所述熔喷层的聚合物为聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、纤维素、聚丙腈、聚酯、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚碳酸酯和聚氯乙烯中的一种或一种以上。
优选的，所述静电纺丝纤维膜层由以下步骤制成：将聚合物与溶剂按照一定的比例混合形成均相，得到静电纺丝前驱液；将所得的静电纺丝前驱液进行静电纺丝，得到纳米复合纤维；再进行热处理，得到静电纺丝纤维膜层。
优选的，所述负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层由以下步骤制成：将聚合物、载药纳米微球与溶剂按照一定的比例混合形成均相，得到静电纺丝前驱液；将所得的静电纺丝前驱液进行静电纺丝，得到纳米复合纤维；再进行热处理，得到负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层。
优选的，所述静电纺丝纤维膜层或负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层原料中的聚合物为聚醚砜、聚己内酯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚酰胺、纤维素乙酸酯、聚丙烯腈、聚乳酸、聚氨酯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、尼龙6、聚苯胺和聚乙烯醇中的一种或一种以上。
优选的，所述静电纺丝纤维膜层或负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层原料中的溶剂为四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、异丙醇、甲醇、甲苯、氯仿、丙酮、乙醇、丁醇、六氟异丙醇、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和异丁醇中的一种或一种以上。
优选的，所述静电纺丝纤维膜层或负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层制备中静电纺丝的参数为：电压：10-25KV，流速：0.1-10ml/h，接收距离：5-20cm，纺丝量：5-30ml，喷射针头：15-24号，滚筒转速：0.1-10m/min，相对湿度：5-80%。
优选的，所述静电纺丝纤维膜层或负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层制备中聚合物与溶剂的比例为5-30%；热处理温度为40-80℃，时间为0.5-12h。
优选的，所述负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层制备中的载药纳米微球与聚合物重量比为（0.1-1）：（0.3-1）。
优选的，所述载药纳米微球的制备工艺参照专利CN110432264A，将所载药物置换为利巴韦林颗粒、姜黄素、奥司他韦、恩替卡韦、维帕他韦、艾克宁、布洛芬、麻黄、柴胡、藿香、甘草、黄芪、苍耳、黄连、白芍、双黄连等中西抗病毒药物中的一种或一种以上。
本发明新型防尘、抗菌、抗病毒纳米纤维口罩的制备方法：将口罩主体按要求的层状结构布设，在口罩主体一端设置骨架，上下、两侧边缘设置粘性密封条，将口罩主体的边缘在180-240℃下热压，在两端缝合系带，得到新型防尘、抗菌、抗病毒纳米纤维口罩。
本发明具有以下积极有益效果：
（1）本发明的工作原理：空气经普通无纺布、多层载药复合纤维膜层和普通无纺布层过滤后进入到口鼻中，普通无纺布作为第一层过滤层，可过滤大颗粒粉尘，其具有拔水性，易保持布面干爽，并能隔离存在液体内的细菌及虫类的侵蚀，不霉蛀；多层载药复合纤维膜层由负载载药纳米微球的纤维膜制备而成，能够有效过滤3微米左右的病菌和1微米以下的病毒，过滤效果达99%以上；内层的普通无纺布层直接与人体面部接触，避免了多层载药复合纤维膜层上的病菌、病毒等有害物质与皮肤直接接触。
（2）利用静电纺丝技术将多种高分子聚合物和制备成负载抗病毒药物的纳米微球在常温下电纺成多层载药复合纤维膜层，其具有高过滤效率、呼吸阻力小、良好的机械性能和较好的舒适感。通过载药纳米微球和不同材料形成的多种介孔结构来增强药物的缓释性能和抗病毒、抗菌性能，同时进一步提高过滤空气中的颗粒物和气味的功能。
附图说明
为了进一步阐明本发明技术方案的优点和目的，下面将简单介绍实施例中的相关附图。
图1为本发明新型防尘、抗菌、抗病毒纳米纤维口罩的口罩主体层状结构图，图中：1、5为普通无纺布， 2、4为熔喷层/静电纺丝纤维膜层，3为负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层。
图2为多层载药复合纤维膜层的SEM图，其中（a）、（b）分别为PVDF和PLA的静电纺丝纤维膜层的SEM图，（c）为实施例3中载药纳米微球SEM图，（d）为实施例3中多层载药复合纤维膜层的断面结构SEM图。
图3为本发明实施案例1-3及对比例2的体外药物缓释曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的描述，但本发明的实施例不限于此。
实施例1
一种新型防尘、抗菌、抗病毒纳米纤维口罩的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）普通无纺布层的制备方法：采用熔喷的形式，高速热空气流对模头喷丝孔挤出的聚乙烯熔体细流进行牵伸，在滚筒上收集形成的纤维，同时自身粘合进而制备熔喷无纺布。
（2）载药纳米微球的制备方法为具体步骤如下：
将十六烷基三甲基溴化铵表面活性剂溶于水中，60℃条件下持续搅拌1h，依次加入三乙醇胺和正硅酸乙酯，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵：三乙醇胺：正硅酸乙酯：水=0.4g：0.3g：6mL：80mL，搅拌反应后离心抽滤，将所得滤渣80℃干燥6h，置于马弗炉中300℃煅烧煅烧3h，得到粉体介孔颗粒；将所得粉体介孔颗粒：二甲苯：硬脂酸=0.3g：80ml：10g于氮气氛围保护下，在80℃水浴中反应24h，然后进行离心、抽滤，将所得滤渣80℃干燥6h，得到改性介孔材料；将所得改性介孔材料与姜黄素置于乙醇中，改性介孔材料：姜黄素：乙醇：去离子水=0.7g：4g：50mL：50mL，超声分散3h，再真空机械搅拌处理30min，同时滴加去离子水，继续分散20h，然后进行离心、抽滤、80℃干燥6h，获得载药纳米微球。
（3）负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层的制备方法：将聚偏氟乙烯与丙酮按照15%的比例，再加入载药纳米微球，载药纳米微球：聚偏氟乙烯=0.4：0.5，在磁力搅拌器中搅拌6h，混合均匀形成均相，得到静电纺丝前驱液；将所得的静电纺丝前驱液进行静电纺丝，纺丝参数为：电压：15KV，流速：0.5ml/h，接收距离：15cm，纺丝量：20ml，喷射针头：21号，滚筒转速：0.6m/min，相对湿度：60%，得到纳米复合纤维；再置于烘箱80℃中进行热处理，干燥4h，最终获得负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层。
（4）多层载药复合纤维膜层：熔喷层/负载载药微球纤维膜层/熔喷层。熔喷层的聚合物为聚丙腈。熔喷层的制备方法同（1）方法。
（5）纳米纤维口罩的制备：将口罩主体从内而外依次为普通无纺布层、多层载药复合纤维膜层和普通无纺布层这样的三明治结构，在口罩主体一端设有铝条，上下、两侧边缘设置硅胶密封条，将口罩主体的边缘在200℃下热压，在两侧（端）缝合耳戴氏系带，最终得到新型纳米纤维口罩。
实施例2
一种新型防尘、抗菌、抗病毒纳米纤维口罩的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）普通无纺布层的制备方法：采用熔喷的形式，高速热空气流对模头喷丝孔挤出的聚丙腈熔体细流进行牵伸，在凝网帘上收集形成的纤维，同时自身粘合进而制备熔喷无纺布。
（2）载药纳米微球的制备方法为具体步骤如下：
将十二烷基苯磺酸钠表面活性剂溶于水中，80℃条件下持续搅拌0.5h，依次加入三乙醇胺和正硅酸乙酯，十二烷基苯磺酸钠：三乙醇胺：正硅酸乙酯：水=1g：0.8g：10mL：100mL，搅拌反应后离心抽滤，将所得滤渣80℃干燥4h，400℃煅烧煅烧2h，得到粉体介孔颗粒；将所得粉体介孔颗粒：二甲苯：硅烷偶联剂=1g：100ml：10g于氮气氛围保护下，在80℃水浴中反应20h，然后进行离心、抽滤，将所得滤渣80℃干燥5h，得到改性介孔材料；将所得改性介孔材料与姜黄素置于乙醇中，改性介孔材料：黄芪：乙醇：去离子水=1g：4g：50mL：50mL，超声分散4h，再真空机械搅拌处理40min，同时滴加去离子水，继续分散16h，然后进行离心、抽滤、80℃干燥6h，获得载药纳米微球。
（3）负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层的制备方法：将聚乳酸与丙酮按照15%的比例，再加入载药纳米微球，载药纳米微球：聚乳酸=1：1，在磁力搅拌器中搅拌6h，混合均匀形成均相，得到静电纺丝前驱液；将所得的静电纺丝前驱液进行静电纺丝，纺丝参数为：电压：18KV，流速：0.5ml/h，接收距离：13cm，纺丝量：20ml，喷射针头：22号，滚筒转速：0.8m/min，相对湿度：40%，得到纳米复合纤维；再置于烘箱80℃中进行热处理，干燥4h，最终获得负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层。
（4）静电纺丝纤维膜层的制备方法：将聚偏氟乙烯与丙酮按照15%的比例，在磁力搅拌器中搅拌6h，混合均匀形成均相，得到静电纺丝前驱液；将所得的静电纺丝前驱液进行静电纺丝，纺丝参数为：电压：17KV，流速：0.35ml/h，接收距离：14cm，纺丝量：20ml，喷射针头：21号，滚筒转速：0.8m/min，相对湿度：50%，得到纳米复合纤维；再置于烘箱80℃中进行热处理，干燥4h，最终获得静电纺丝纤维膜层。
（5）多层载药复合纤维膜层：静电纺丝纤维膜层/负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层/静电纺丝纤维膜层。
（6）纳米纤维口罩的制备：将口罩主体从内而外依次为普通无纺布层、多层载药复合纤维膜层和普通无纺布层这样的三明治结构，在口罩主体一端设有镀锌铁丝，上下、两侧边缘设置硅胶密封条，将口罩主体的边缘在200℃下热压，在两侧（端）缝合耳戴氏系带，最终得到纳米纤维口罩。
实施例3
一种新型防尘、抗菌、抗病毒纳米纤维口罩的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）普通无纺布层的制备方法：采用熔喷的形式，高速热空气流对模头喷丝孔挤出的聚氯乙烯熔体细流进行牵伸，在凝网帘上收集形成的纤维，同时自身粘合进而制备熔喷无纺布。
（2）载药纳米微球的制备方法为具体步骤如下：
将十二烷基苯磺酸钠表面活性剂溶于水中，80℃条件下持续搅拌2h，依次加入三乙醇胺和正硅酸乙酯，十二烷基苯磺酸钠：三乙醇胺：正硅酸乙酯：水=1g：0.8g：10mL：100mL，搅拌反应后离心抽滤，将所得滤渣80℃干燥5h，450℃煅烧煅烧2h，得到粉体介孔颗粒；将所得粉体介孔颗粒：二甲苯：硅烷偶联剂=1g：100ml：10g于氮气氛围保护下，在80℃水浴中反应16h，然后进行离心、抽滤，将所得滤渣80℃干燥4h，得到改性介孔材料；将所得改性介孔材料与姜黄素置于乙醇中，改性介孔材料：奥司他韦：乙醇：去离子水=1g：4g：50mL：50mL，超声分散4h，再真空机械搅拌处理60min，同时滴加去离子水，继续分散12h，然后进行离心、抽滤、80℃干燥6h，获得载药纳米微球。
（3）多层载药复合纤维膜层的制备方法：先制备静电纺丝纤维膜层，再将负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层直接电纺在静电纺丝纤维膜层，最后在上述得到的纤维膜上电纺静电纺丝纤维膜层，形成三明治结构，放入烘箱80℃中进行热处理，干燥4h，最终获得多层载药复合纤维膜层。
其中，静电纺丝纤维膜层的制备方法为：将聚偏氟乙烯与丙酮按照15%的比例，在磁力搅拌器中搅拌6h，混合均匀形成均相，得到静电纺丝前驱液；将所得的静电纺丝前驱液进行静电纺丝，纺丝参数为：电压：17KV，流速：0.35ml/h，接收距离：14cm，纺丝量：20ml，喷射针头：21号，滚筒转速：0.8m/min，相对湿度：50%，得到纳米复合纤维；再置于烘箱80℃中进行热处理，干燥4h，最终获得静电纺丝纤维膜层；
负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层的制备方法为：将聚乳酸与丙酮按照15%的比例，再加入载药纳米微球，载药纳米微球：聚乳酸=1：1，在磁力搅拌器中搅拌6h，混合均匀形成均相，得到静电纺丝前驱液；将所得的静电纺丝前驱液进行静电纺丝，纺丝参数为：电压：18KV，流速：0.5ml/h，接收距离：13cm，纺丝量：20ml，喷射针头：22号，滚筒转速：0.8m/min，相对湿度：40%，得到纳米复合纤维；再置于烘箱80℃中进行热处理，干燥4h，最终获得负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层。
（4）纳米纤维口罩的制备：将口罩主体从内而外依次为普通无纺布层、多层载药复合纤维膜层和普通无纺布层这样的三明治结构，在口罩主体一端设有镀锌铁丝，上下、两侧边缘设置凝胶密封条，将口罩主体的边缘在200℃下热压，在两侧（端）缝合头戴式系带，最终得到纳米纤维口罩。
对比例1
一种医护口罩的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）熔喷层的制备方法：采用高速热空气流对模头喷丝孔挤出的聚丙烯熔体细流进行牵伸，在滚筒上收集形成的纤维，同时自身粘合进而制备熔喷无纺布。
（2）将口罩主体从内而外依次为普通无纺布层（熔喷法制备的）、熔喷层和普通无纺布层（熔喷法制备的）这样的三明治结构，在口罩主体一端设有铝条，上下、两侧边缘设置硅胶密封条，将口罩主体的边缘在200℃下热压，在两侧（端）缝合耳戴式系带，最终得到普通医护口罩。
对比例2
一种纳米纤维口罩的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）普通无纺布层的制备方法：采用熔喷的形式，高速热空气流对模头喷丝孔挤出的聚乙烯熔体细流进行牵伸，在滚筒上收集形成的纤维，同时自身粘合进而制备熔喷无纺布。
（2）静电纺丝纤维膜层的制备方法：将聚丙烯与三氯甲烷按照15%的比例在磁力搅拌器中搅拌6h，混合均匀形成均相，得到静电纺丝前驱液；将所得的静电纺丝前驱液进行静电纺丝，纺丝参数为：电压：15KV，流速：0.5ml/h，接收距离：15cm，纺丝量：20ml，喷射针头：21号，滚筒转速：0.6m/min，相对湿度：60%，得到纳米复合纤维；再置于烘箱80℃中进行热处理，干燥4h，最终获得静电纺丝纤维膜层。
（3）载药静电纺丝纤维膜层的制备方法：将上述（2）方法制备静电纺丝纤维膜浸泡在10%的姜黄素溶液中4h，取出后置于室温下自然干燥12h。
（4）多层载药复合纤维膜层：静电纺丝纤维膜层/载药静电纺丝纤维膜层/静电纺丝纤维膜层。
（5）口罩的制备：将口罩主体从内而外依次为普通无纺布层、多层载药复合纤维膜层和普通无纺布层这样的三明治结构，在口罩主体一端设有铝条，上下、两侧边缘设置硅胶密封条，将口罩主体的边缘在200℃下热压，在两侧（端）缝合耳戴氏系带，最终得到纳米纤维口罩。
性能测试：
将实施例1-3，以及对比例1、2中的样品进行细菌过滤效率、颗粒过滤效率、压力差、细胞毒性，参考YY0469-2011《医用外科口罩》，样品的性能测试比较如表1所示。
表1 性能检测结果
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
由表1可知，本发明实施例1-3样品是符合YY0469-2011 《医用外科口罩》标准的医用防护口罩。病毒直径一般在1微米以下，直径有大有小，本文选用100nm颗粒过滤，但是病毒一般不以游离状态存在，一般通过结合空气中的颗粒物形成气溶胶或其它形式传播病毒。结果表明，本发明实施例1-3制备样品疏水透气性较好，对微小细菌、病菌或有害粉尘的过滤效果显著，总体过滤效果较好，制备口罩选取的材料无毒且佩戴舒适，载药纳米微球和不同材料形成的多种介孔结构增强了药物的缓释性能。
图2多层载药复合纤维膜层的SEM图，其中（a）、（b）分别为PVDF和PLA的静电纺丝纤维膜层的SEM图，（c）为实施例3中载药纳米微球SEM图，（d）为实施例3中多层载药复合纤维膜层的断面结构SEM图。由图（a）和（b）对比可知，不同的聚合物通过静电纺丝得到的纤维的直径和孔隙大小不同，因此复合纤维层具有不同的孔隙，对药物的释放起到一定缓释作用，从图3可以看出。图3为本发明实施案例1-3及对比例2的体外药物缓释曲线。由图3可知，对比例2的载药纤维层为药物浸泡，因此该复合口罩的药物释放速率较快；通过对比实施案例1-3，多层载药复合纤维膜层通过静电纺丝直接电纺而成的比单独电纺叠放在一起形成的药物释放速率慢，因为直接电纺的载药纳米微球层与上层、下层的静电纺丝纳米纤维层电纺过程中溶剂的渗透，发生了一定的粘结，从而使得三层结构更为紧密，药物缓释效果更好。
上述实施案例仅仅表述了本发明几种具体的实施方案，而不是对本发明专利范围的限制，应当是，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以做出不同的改进获得其他的实施方案，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (11)

1.一种新型防尘、抗菌、抗病毒纳米纤维口罩，包括口罩主体，其特征在于：所述口罩主体从内而外依次包括无纺布层、多层载药复合纤维膜层和无纺布层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纳米纤维口罩，其特征在于：所述无纺布层为熔喷或纺粘无纺布，聚合物原料为聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、纤维素和聚氯乙烯中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的纳米纤维口罩，其特征在于：所述多层载药复合纤维膜层包括至少三层，内、外两层为熔喷层或静电纺丝纤维膜层，中间层为负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的纳米纤维口罩，其特征在于：所述熔喷层由以下步骤制成：采用高速热空气流对模头喷丝孔挤出的聚合物熔体细流进行牵伸，在凝网帘或滚筒上收集形成的纤维，同时自身粘合进而制备熔喷无纺布；所述熔喷层所用的聚合物为聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、纤维素、聚丙腈、聚酯、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚碳酸酯和聚氯乙烯中的一种或一种以上。
5.根据权利要求3所述的纳米纤维口罩，其特征在于：所述静电纺丝纤维膜层由以下步骤制成：将聚合物与溶剂按照一定的比例混合形成均相，得到静电纺丝前驱液；将所得的静电纺丝前驱液进行静电纺丝，得到纳米复合纤维；再进行热处理，得到静电纺丝纤维膜层。
6.根据权利要求3所述的纳米纤维口罩，其特征在于：所述负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层由以下步骤制成：将聚合物、载药纳米微球与溶剂按照一定的比例混合形成均相，得到静电纺丝前驱液；将所得的静电纺丝前驱液进行静电纺丝，得到纳米复合纤维；再进行热处理，得到负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的纳米纤维口罩，其特征在于：所述聚合物原料为聚醚砜、聚己内酯、聚偏氟乙烯、聚酰胺、纤维素乙酸酯、聚丙烯腈、聚乳酸、聚氨酯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、尼龙6、聚苯胺和聚乙烯醇中的一种或一种以上；所述溶剂原料为四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、异丙醇、甲醇、甲苯、氯仿、丙酮、乙醇、丁醇、六氟异丙醇、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和异丁醇中的一种或一种以上。
8.根据权利要求5或6所述的纳米纤维口罩，其特征在于：所述静电纺丝的参数为：电压：10-25KV，流速：0.1-10ml/h，接收距离：5-20cm，纺丝量：5-30ml，喷射针头：15-24号，滚筒转速：0.1-10m/min，相对湿度：5-80%。
9.根据权利要求5或6所述的纳米纤维口罩，其特征在于：所述聚合物与溶剂的比例为5-30wt%；热处理温度为40-80℃，时间为0.5-12h。
10.根据权利要求6所述的纳米纤维口罩，其特征在于：所述负载载药纳米微球纤维膜层制备中的载药纳米微球与聚合物重量比为（0.1-1）：（0.3-1）。
11.根据权利要求6所述的纳米纤维口罩，其特征在于：所述载药纳米微球中所载药物为利巴韦林颗粒、姜黄素、奥司他韦、恩替卡韦、维帕他韦、艾克宁、布洛芬、麻黄、柴胡、藿香、甘草、黄芪、苍耳、黄连、白芍、双黄连等中西抗病毒药物中的一种或一种以上。
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CN112120317A (zh) * 2020-09-22 2020-12-25 北京理工大学重庆创新中心 循环再生医用防护口罩、制备方法及循环再生方法
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CN113069833A (zh) * 2021-04-28 2021-07-06 广东溢达纺织有限公司 一种可重复使用口罩的滤材、其制造方法和口罩
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