CN111233555A - Suspended silicon fertilizer and preparation method and device thereof - Google Patents
Suspended silicon fertilizer and preparation method and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly provides a suspended silicon fertilizer and a preparation method and a preparation device thereof, wherein the suspended silicon fertilizer comprises the following components, by mass, 15-20% of biological silicon, 1.0-2.0% of a wetting agent, 2.0-4.0% of a dispersing agent, 0.1-0.4% of a thickening agent, 2.0-4.0% of an antifreezing agent, and the balance of water, wherein the biological silicon is SiO2And (6) counting. The bio-silicon is sheared to the nano-scale by shearing, and the ammonium ions are adsorbed by the formed silica colloid, fixing the heavy metal ions. Meanwhile, the silicon element lost in the soil can be supplemented, and the requirement of crop growth can be met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, and particularly provides a suspended silicon fertilizer, a preparation method and a preparation device thereof, which can improve the effective silicon utilization rate of soil.
Background
Stable soil fertility is a necessary condition for sustainable development of agriculture, and the balance of supply and demand of soil nutrients is an important foundation of soil fertility. The silicon element is listed as the fourth major element after nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in developed countries, the silicon is defined as a beneficial element for crops in China, and a large amount of evidence proves that the silicon is an element for crop yield and quality. In the plant body of the silicon-loving crop, except carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the content of silicon is several times or even dozens of times of that of other elements, and the total amount of silicon element required by the rice for a lifetime exceeds the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Silicon is the main component of soil, accounts for about 70%, but is in a very stable crystal state and an indefinite form, and cannot be absorbed and utilized by plants. In recent years, soil acidification accelerates the loss of silicon element, plants absorb the silicon element in the form of monosilicic acid or metasilicic acid, in the acidified soil, the monosilicic acid or metasilicic acid is easily replaced by other acid radicals to be lost in the nature, and the monosilicic acid is zero in a land block with serious acidification. Because agriculture in China develops rapidly, the yield of grains and other crops increases every year, a large amount of nutrients are absorbed from soil, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements are supplemented in time, but silicon elements are not supplemented in time, the silicon elements in naturally weathered soil can not meet the requirements of crops and soil on the silicon elements, and balance cannot be maintained. Therefore, it is urgent to supplement effective silicon elements.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a suspended silicon fertilizer, a preparation method and a preparation device thereof, which can supplement silicon element lost in soil and meet the requirement of crop growth.
The invention is realized by that a suspended silicon fertilizer comprises the following components by mass percentThe lower component comprises 15 to 20 percent of biological silicon, 1.0 to 2.0 percent of wetting agent, 2.0 to 4.0 percent of dispersing agent, 0.5 to 1.0 percent of thickening agent, 2.0 to 4.0 percent of antifreezing agent and the balance of water, wherein the biological silicon is SiO2And (6) counting.
Further, the biological silicon is austenitic silicon.
Further, the wetting agent is MSR-TT 1; the dispersant is MSD-511; the thickening agent is xanthan gum; the antifreezing agent is propylene glycol.
The invention also provides a method for suspending the silicon fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
1) adding water into a high-speed shearing machine, adding metered biological silicon, soaking, starting the high-speed shearing machine after soaking is finished, sequentially adding a weighed wetting agent, a dispersant and a thickening agent, and finishing shearing according to a specified time;
2) adding an antifreezing agent into the high-speed shearing machine, and continuously shearing for a certain time;
3) and starting the sand mill after shearing is finished, pumping the materials in the high-speed shearing machine into the sand mill for grinding at a required flow rate in a stirring state, detecting that the ground product meets the standard requirement, and packaging to obtain the suspended silicon fertilizer.
Further, in the step 1), "biological silicon" is soaked for 30-40 min, the normal temperature shearing time is 40-60 min, and the shearing speed is 200-300 r/min.
Further, in the step 2), adding an antifreezing agent and then continuously shearing for 20-30 min.
Further, the wetting agent is MSR-TT 1; the dispersant is MSD-511; the thickening agent is xanthan gum; the antifreezing agent is propylene glycol.
Further, the step 3) specifically comprises the following steps:
a) pumping the sheared material into a primary sand mill for grinding by a pipeline pump, and feeding the ground material into a primary sand mill storage tank;
b) starting the secondary sanding, pumping the material in the primary sanding storage tank into a secondary sanding machine through a pipeline pump, and feeding the ground material into a secondary sanding storage tank;
c) grinding is finished, the pipeline pump is started to pump the second-level sanding storage tank material into the mixing tank, the mixing tank is opened for stirring, and the mixture is packaged after being uniformly mixed.
The invention also provides a device for preparing the suspended silicon fertilizer, which comprises a high-speed shearing machine, a first-stage sand mill storage tank, a second-stage sand mill storage tank, a mixing tank, a stirring kettle and a packaging machine, wherein a first pipeline pump is arranged between the high-speed shearing machine and the first-stage sand mill, a second pipeline pump is arranged between the first-stage sand mill storage tank and the second-stage sand mill, and a third pipeline pump is arranged between the second-stage sand mill storage tank and the mixing tank.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the suspended silicon fertilizer can enhance the mechanical strength of crop straws, improve the lodging resistance by more than 80 percent, straighten the straws and facilitate close planting;
2. the high-efficiency suspended silicon fertilizer can enhance the air permeability in the crop body, can prevent root system decay and premature senility, and has an important effect on preventing and treating rice root rot;
3. the high-efficiency suspended silicon fertilizer can enhance the pollen activity of melon and fruit crops and improve the fruit setting rate and the fruit achievement rate;
4. the high-efficiency suspended silicon fertilizer can reduce the fixation of phosphorus in soil, activate the phosphorus in the soil, promote the absorption of phosphorus by root systems and improve the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer;
5. the high-efficiency suspended silicon fertilizer can well adjust the balanced absorption of crops on different nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, strengthen the absorption and utilization of calcium and magnesium by plants, and inhibit excessive absorption and toxicity of iron and manganese, and is called as a plant regulatory fertilizer;
6. the high-efficiency suspended silicon fertilizer can effectively inhibit water transpiration of plant leaves, and after the silicon fertilizer is applied, the generated silicified cells can effectively adjust the opening and closing of air holes of the leaves, excavate the water transpiration effect and enhance the stress resistance of crops such as drought resistance, cold resistance, dry hot air resistance and the like;
7. the high-efficiency suspended silicon fertilizer can enhance photosynthesis and increase chlorophyll content, and the application of the silicon fertilizer can ensure that epidermal cells are silicified, so that crop stems and leaves are straightened, shade is reduced, sufficient photosynthesis is facilitated, sufficient carbohydrate required by the growth of crops is provided, and the growth and fruit expansion of the crops are promoted;
8. the high-efficiency suspended silicon fertilizer is a health-care fertilizer, can activate beneficial microorganisms, improve soil, correct soil acidity, improve soil basicity, promote organic fertilizer decomposition, inhibit soil germs and resist continuous cropping (for example, when the vegetable greenhouse is continuously planted for more than 3 years, accumulation of soil-borne germs such as mold and the like can be encountered, the yield and quality of vegetables are seriously affected, and the survival and propagation of the mold can be effectively prevented by applying the silicon fertilizer);
9. the high-efficiency suspended silicon fertilizer can reduce or eliminate heavy metal pollution in soil, silicate ions contained in the silicon fertilizer can chemically react with heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, lead and the like to form new silicic acid compounds which are not easy to be absorbed by plants to precipitate, and can oxidize heavy metals such as cadmium, manganese and the like to reduce the solubility of the heavy metals, so that the absorption of crops to the heavy metals is inhibited, the heavy metal pollution is effectively prevented, and the pollution of the heavy metals is reduced to be below the national safety standard;
10. the high-efficiency suspended silicon fertilizer can obviously improve the quality of agricultural products, has good color, fragrance, taste, shape and the like, can ensure that fruits are well colored, have regular fruit shapes and high hardness, are resistant to storage and transportation, can inhibit the occurrence and infection of true, bacteria and mold, and prolong the preservation period;
11. the high-efficiency suspended silicon fertilizer can enhance the resistance of crops to diseases and insect pests and can reduce or even eliminate the harm of the diseases and the insect pests. Years of experiments and practices prove that: the silicic acid with high concentration has obvious inhibiting effect on the germination and hypha growth of fungal spores, and after the crops absorb silicon dioxide, silicified cells can be formed in plants, so that the cell walls of the surfaces of stems and leaves are thickened, the cuticle is increased, a firm protective layer is formed, insects are not easy to bite, and germs are difficult to invade. In addition, silicon-fertilized crops produce an offensive odor to insects, keeping the pests away from the crops. (particularly, the resistance to diseases and insect pests such as rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, bacterial leaf blight, leaf spot disease, stem rot, sclerotinia, rust disease, powdery mildew, black spot disease, downy mildew, gray mold, anthracnose, blight, root rot, soft rot, chilo suppressalis, rice planthopper, aphid, cotton bollworm, borer, whitefly, root nematode) is enhanced.)
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the device provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Examples 1,
A suspended silicon fertilizer comprises 30g of Oridon silicon particles (containing 72 percent of silicon dioxide), a wetting agent MSR-TT12 g; dispersant MSD-5114 g; 0.2g of thickening agent xanthan gum, 4g of antifreezing agent propylene glycol and 159.8g of water.
The method for preparing the suspended silicon fertilizer comprises the following steps with reference to fig. 1:
1) adding water into the high-speed shearing machine 1, adding biological silicon, soaking for 30min, starting the high-speed shearing machine 1, adjusting the rotating speed to 200r/min, sequentially adding the weighed wetting agent, dispersing agent and thickening agent, and shearing for 40 min;
2) adding an antifreezing agent into the high-speed shearing machine 1, and continuously shearing for 20min at the shearing speed of 200 r/min;
3) after shearing is finished, pumping the sheared material into a primary sand mill 2 for grinding through a first pipeline pump 9, and feeding the ground material into a primary sand grinding storage tank 3;
4) starting the secondary sand mill 4, pumping the materials in the primary sand grinding storage tank 3 into the secondary sand mill 4 through a second pipeline pump 10, and feeding the ground materials into a secondary sand grinding storage tank 5;
5) grinding is finished, the third pipeline pump 11 is started to pump the materials in the second-level sanding storage tank 5 into the mixing tank 6, the mixing tank 7 is opened for mixing, and the uniform mixing back packaging machine 8 is used for packaging.
The raw materials used in the invention can be purchased from raw material markets. Biosilica is manufactured by russian industrial zeolite open shares company; the high-efficiency dispersant MSD-511 and the wetting agent MSR-TT1 are produced by Liaoning Meilong Co Ltd; xanthan gum is an industrial raw material purchased in the market; the water is deionized water which is self-made by a factory.
Examples 2,
The difference from example 1 is that:
a suspended silicon fertilizer comprises 34g of Oridon silicon particles (containing 72 percent of silicon dioxide), a wetting agent MSR-TT13 g; dispersant MSD-5116 g; 0.5g of thickening agent xanthan gum, 6g of antifreezing agent propylene glycol and 150.5g of water.
Examples 3,
The difference from example 1 is that:
a suspended silicon fertilizer comprises 40g of Oridon silicon particles (containing 72 percent of silicon dioxide), a wetting agent MSR-TT14 g; dispersant MSD-5118 g; 0.8g of thickening agent xanthan gum, 8g of antifreezing agent propylene glycol and 139.2g of water.
The products prepared in example 1, example 2 and example 3 were examined, and the results are shown in the following table, in which the dispersibility was good and the particles reached the nanometer level.
Example 4 Effect of staged application of suspended silicon Fertilizer on cadmium concentration in different parts of Rice plants
Firstly, test treatment:
(1) control CK (0%: 0%): 0 kg/mu of silicon fertilizer.
(2) All base-applied silicon fertilizer T (100%: 0%): 10 kg/mu.
(3) Half of TJ (50%: 50%) is applied to the base fertilizer and the silicon fertilizer in the jointing stage respectively: 5 kg/mu of basal application and 5 kg/mu of basal application in the jointing stage.
(4) Applying silicon fertilizer J (0%: 100%) in jointing stage: 10 kg/mu.
4 treatments in total, 3 repetitions, 12 cells in total, and random permutation.
II, testing time:
transplanting rice seedlings in 8 months in 2019 and harvesting rice seedlings in 11 months in 2019. Except silicon fertilizer, the application of other fertilizers is the same in each community, and the pest control is carried out according to the conventional method. The results are shown in Table 2:
table 2: the change situation of cadmium concentration (mg/kg) of rice plants applied with silicon suspension fertilizer by stages
| Treatment (%) | Root of herbaceous plant | Stem and leaf |
| 0:0 | 65.6±0.6a | 46.3±0.6a |
| 100:0 | 53.7±1.0b | 36.9±1.4b |
| 50:50 | 45.7±0.7c | 31.1±1.0c |
| 0：100 | 42.2±1.0d | 32.6±0.9c |
Note: the rice root is the organ of the heavy metal particles which are firstly and directly contacted with the soil, and the concentration of cadmium ions is obviously higher than that of the overground part.
The results in table 2 show that the suspension silicon fertilizer provided by the invention can enhance the capability of preventing cadmium from entering the root system of rice and obviously reduce the cadmium content of the root system and the overground part stems and leaves.
Example 5 Effect of suspended silicon Fertilizer on cadmium content of Rice
First, summary of the test site:
the test is carried out in the test field of the agricultural department of the Yiyang city. The soil is white mud, the pH value of the soil is 6.2, the soil texture is loam, and no obvious barrier level exists.
Second, test materials
The test rice variety: xiang late long rice No. 12 (large-area test). Fertilizer to be tested: 40% Xiang strain brand compound fertilizer (N: P2O 5: K2O: 20: 8: 12) and suspended silicon fertilizer.
Third, design of experiment
The experiment is totally provided with 4 treatments, namely, the suspended silicon fertilizer is applied by 45kg/hm2(A)、75kg/hm2(B)、150kg/hm2(C) The control (CK2) was carried out without applying suspended silicon fertilizer, and the other cultivation conditions were the same. Large area 1000m2Ridge mulching is carried out between large areas, and the test variety is Xiang late long rice No. 12 and is used for late rice cultivation.
Fourth, test procedure
The test is carried out according to the cultivation requirement of one-season late rice. After the rice is harvested and dried in the sun, the cadmium content of the rice is detected. The results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: cadmium content change of silicon suspended fertilizer rice
| Treatment of | Actual output kg/hm2 | Cadmium content mg/kg of rice |
| CK2 | 6681.75 | 0.290 |
| A | 7557.45 | 0.083 |
| B | 7292.25 | 0.028 |
| C | 8049.00 | 0.026 |
As can be seen from the results in Table 3, 150kg/hm2The yield of Xiang late long-shaped rice No. 12 is increased obviously by up to 20.46%, and the cadmium reducing effect is increased obviously by up to 91%.
In conclusion, the suspended silicon fertilizer provided by the invention can supplement the silicon element lost in the soil and meet the requirement of crop growth. High silicon content, good dispersity and nano-grade grain diameter. Meanwhile, due to the special structure of the silicon dioxide colloid, when the colloid is negatively charged, the silicon dioxide colloid has the function of adsorbing cations and can adsorb ammonium ions, the seedling burning phenomenon caused by too fast release of the ammonium ions is avoided, and the fertilizer efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer is prolonged in the adsorption and release process. The Yanes rule indicates that ions having the same chemical element as the colloidal particles are preferentially adsorbed. And can irreversibly adsorb heavy metal cadmium ions and fix the heavy metals. The high-efficiency suspended silicon fertilizer is stable in suspension in the fertilizing process, can avoid blocking a dripper and a filter, improves the effective silicon content of soil, continuously provides silicon nutrition for crop growth, and meets the growth requirement of crops to the maximum extent.
Claims (9)
1. The suspended silicon fertilizer is characterized by comprising, by mass, 15-20% of biological silicon, 1.0-2.0% of wetting agent, 2.0-4.0% of dispersing agent, 0.5-1.0% of thickening agent, 2.0-4.0% of antifreezing agent and the balance of water, wherein the biological silicon is SiO2And (6) counting.
2. The suspended silicon fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the biological silicon is orlistat.
3. The suspended silicon fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the wetting agent is MSR-TT 1; the dispersant is MSD-511; the thickening agent is xanthan gum; the antifreezing agent is propylene glycol.
4. A method of preparing the suspended silicon fertilizer of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
1) adding water into a high-speed shearing machine, adding metered biological silicon, soaking for a certain time, starting the high-speed shearing machine, sequentially adding a weighed wetting agent, a dispersant and a thickening agent, and finishing shearing according to a specified time;
2) adding an antifreezing agent into the high-speed shearing machine, and continuously shearing for a certain time;
3) and starting the sand mill after shearing is finished, pumping the materials in the high-speed shearing machine into the sand mill for grinding at a required flow rate in a stirring state, detecting that the ground product meets the standard requirement, and packaging to obtain the suspended silicon fertilizer.
5. The method for preparing the suspended silicon fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step 1), "biological silicon" is soaked for 30-40 min, the shearing time at normal temperature is 40-60 min, and the shearing speed is 200-300 r/min.
6. The method for preparing the suspended silicon fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step 2), the shearing is continued for 20-30 min after the antifreeze agent is added.
7. The method of preparing a suspended silicon fertilizer of claim 4 wherein said wetting agent is MSR-TT 1; the dispersant is MSD-511; the thickening agent is xanthan gum; the antifreezing agent is propylene glycol.
8. The method for preparing a suspended silicon fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein said step 3) comprises the following steps:
a) pumping the sheared material into a primary sand mill for grinding by a pipeline pump, and feeding the ground material into a primary sand mill storage tank;
b) starting the secondary sanding, pumping the material in the primary sanding storage tank into a secondary sanding machine through a pipeline pump, and feeding the ground material into a secondary sanding storage tank;
c) grinding is finished, the pipeline pump is started to pump the second-level sanding storage tank material into the mixing tank, the mixing tank is opened for stirring, and the mixture is packaged after being uniformly mixed.
9. A device for preparing suspended silicon fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which comprises a high-speed shearing machine (1), a primary sand mill (2), a primary sand grinding storage tank (3), a secondary sand mill (4), a secondary sand grinding storage tank (5), a mixing tank (6), a stirring kettle (7) and a packaging machine (8), wherein a first pipeline pump (9) is arranged between the high-speed shearing machine (1) and the primary sand mill (2), a second pipeline pump (10) is arranged between the primary sand grinding storage tank (3) and the secondary sand mill (4), and a third pipeline pump (11) is arranged between the secondary sand grinding storage tank (5) and the mixing tank (6).
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113860948A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-31 | 华南农业大学 | Water-soluble organic nano suspended silicon liquid fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof |
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